EP0874942A1

EP0874942A1 - Structural system for erecting buildings, particularly single-family dwellings

Info

Publication number: EP0874942A1
Application number: EP97900657A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roland Patrick Germain
Original assignee: MI SA
Current assignee: MI SA
Priority date: 1996-01-17
Filing date: 1997-01-16
Publication date: 1998-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 2017-01-16
Also published as: ZA97346B; US6192639B1; EP0874942B1; RU2155256C2; ES2137771T3; FR2743588A1; FR2743588B1; MY120690A; WO1997026418A1; ID17844A; PL327857A1; PL185435B1; BR9707044A; AR009451A1

Abstract

A structural system comprising a plurality of tie elements (3) defining the base perimeter of a house, load-bearing metal columns (5) mounted thereon, and a continuous inwardly-open recess extending along the full length of the elements and receiving horizontal reinforcements (18, 19) that form an unbroken chain around the edges of the base. Anchoring reinforcements (12) extend away from the foundation and curve through the elements and along said recess, and hooks (15) are hung from an inwardly projecting portion (14) in such a way that the curved ends of the hooks are located in said recess. The hooks, the horizontal reinforcements and the anchoring reinforcements are all intended to be embedded in concrete cast in the recess. The system is particularly useful for building earthquake-proof single-family dwellings.

Description

"Large-scale system for the construction of buildings, in particular individual houses".

The present invention relates to a structural system for the construction of buildings, in particular of individual houses.

Structural systems of this type are already known, comprising:

a basic assembly made up of a plurality of modular concrete chaining elements forming the basic perimeter of the exterior wall of the house, intended to be anchored in the foundations by reinforced concrete posts and connected together by reinforcements horizontal chaining,

a supporting structure made up of metal posts mounted on the above-mentioned chaining elements and fixed on the upper ends of metal brackets which are embedded in the generally trapezoidal body in cross section of these elements,

an external concrete cladding forming the external peripheral wall of the house, carried by the aforementioned structure and made up of a plurality of panels or frames of modular bays.

However, these known systems are generally very heavy to handle and require the use of also very heavy lifting means, which complicates and lengthens the assembly time of the frame.

It has also been proposed to use lightweight concrete elements, but its cost is much higher than that of heavy concrete.

In addition, such construction systems are not very resistant to earthquakes and do not meet the seismic standards in force. O 97/26418 2 PC17FR97 / 00077

The present invention therefore aims to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a system of earthquake-resistant structural work having a limited weight and which is simple and quick to assemble.

To this end, the subject of the present invention is a structural system for the construction of buildings, in particular individual houses, comprising:

a supporting structure made up of metal posts which are intended to be mounted on the above-mentioned chaining elements and fixed on the upper ends of metal sticks mounted in these elements,

characterized in that:

a continuous housing open inwards extends over the entire length of the chaining elements to receive the horizontal chaining reinforcements which form an unbroken chain over the entire periphery of the base,

the aforementioned hooks are suspended at their upper end by a flange which projects from the chaining elements inwards, so that their opposite curved end is located in the abovementioned continuous housing,

the reinforcements of the aforementioned anchor posts extend substantially vertically from the foundations and curve by crossing the chaining elements to extend substantially horizontally in the abovementioned continuous housing, preferably above the curved ends of the brackets, all the brackets, the horizontal chaining reinforcement and the reinforcement of the anchor posts being intended to be embedded in a concrete slab poured on site in the abovementioned continuous housing to ensure an intimate connection between them and allow continuity and transmission of the forces exerted on the house to the foundations, which makes the system earthquake resistant.

Due to the presence of the continuous housing over the entire length of the chaining elements, the body of the latter has a substantially L or C shape in cross section, which significantly reduces their weight.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the horizontal chain fittings consist of several horizontal bars, for example four bars arranged in parallelogram, and several transverse metal frames connecting the bars together, preferably arranged at regular intervals, and confined inside the aforementioned continuous housing.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the brackets, the anchoring posts and the metal posts of the external structure are substantially aligned in a vertical direction.

In an alternative embodiment, the aforementioned rim may consist of a plurality of projecting portions spaced from each other on the internal upper edge of the chaining elements, so that at least two hooks are suspended by each projecting portion.

In this case, provision can be made for the reinforcement of an anchor post to comprise at least two bars which extend vertically from the foundations between the sticks of the same projecting portion and curve horizontally in the continuous housing. respectively in opposite directions.

It can alternatively be provided that the aforementioned flange consists of a temporary installation template for retaining the butts before pouring concrete into the aforementioned continuous housing.

The invention also relates to a structural system comprising an external reinforced concrete cladding forming the external peripheral walls of the house, which is carried by the aforementioned load-bearing structure and consisting of a plurality of panels or framing of modular bays.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned panels are thin concrete slabs reinforced on their internal face by a network of interlocking ribs which are reinforced by metal bars, for example steel.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned metal posts of the supporting structure are mounted on the chaining elements by means of a post base plate, a portion of which is slightly cantilevered towards the exterior to be inserted into a positioning notch formed on the internal face of a starting panel and possibly also serve as a fulcrum for this panel.

It is also possible to provide a notch and an associated flange respectively over the entire length of one of the upper and lower edges of each panel to provide a space for receiving a water-tight seal between two horizontally adjacent panels or between a start panel and an underlying chaining element.

According to another characteristic, a notch is formed over the entire height of the lateral edges of each panel or frame to provide an intermediate decompression space between two vertically adjacent panels.

In this case, a self-adhesive strip of impregnated foam can be glued over the entire height of the outer wing of a metal I-pole, intended to be compressed during tightening of the panels or frames against the posts, to prevent cracking of these concrete panels or frames and ensure air tightness at the aforementioned decompression space.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, it is possible to drown in the abovementioned panels or frames fixing sleeves which are anchored on their internal frames to resist the tearing force during the fixing of these panels or frames to the structure carrier.

The invention will be better understood, and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows of a particular currently preferred embodiment of the invention, given only by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic top view of the frame of a detached house.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view in side elevation of the external cladding developed from FIG. 1.

Figure 3 is a perspective view, internal side, of a common chaining element of the system according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, showing the different reinforcements associated with the chaining element.

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, but showing an outgoing corner chaining element.

Figure 6 is a top view of Figure 5, without the frames. o

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 4, but showing a re-entrant corner chaining element.

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the chaining member of Figure 3, taken along line VIII-VIII, in its final assembled state.

Figure 9 is a schematic view similar to Figure 8 showing an external cladding carried by a post which is mounted on the chaining element.

Figure 10 is a partial view in cross section of Figure 9, along arrow X.

FIG. 11 is a view of a detail indicated by the arrow XI in FIG. 10.

Figure 12 is a partial perspective view of Figure 9, along arrow XII.

Figure 13 is a partial perspective view of Figure 9, along arrow XIII, before fixing the panel on the support structure.

Figures 14 to 16 are partial and perspective views of the internal face respectively of a current panel, a starting panel and a bay frame.

According to the embodiment shown in the drawings, the structural system of the invention comprises an external frame 1 for the construction of a single house.

This external frame 1 has a base 2 made up of a plurality of concrete chaining elements 3, 103 forming the basic perimeter of the house, and 4 exterior walls 4 made up of a plurality of vertical metal posts 5 forming the structure carrier and a plurality of panels 6 and window frames 7 carried by said structure.

We also see in Figure 1 the transverse and longitudinal trusses 8 of the frame.

We will now describe more specifically the seismic chaining elements 3 with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

Figures 3 and 4 show a longitudinal or running chaining element 3, generally in the form of a square in vertical cross section which consists of a longitudinal horizontal base 9 extending at right angles to its outer longitudinal edge by a longitudinal vertical wall 10.

The vertical wall 10 can be cast in one piece with the base 9 or embedded in it.

Openings 11 pass vertically through the base 9 to allow the passage of anchoring reinforcements represented at 12 by dashed lines in FIG. 4.

The vertical wall 10 comprises on the upper part of its external face a re-entrant shoulder 13 which extends over the entire length of the element 3 to allow the evacuation of the condensation water which forms at the base of the wall of the House.

A rim formed by one or more protruding portions forming a tongue 14 extends horizontally in a cantilever inward from the upper edge of the vertical wall 10.

It can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 that the earthquake-resistant chaining element 3 comprises two tongues 14 spaced from one another on the internal periphery of the wall 10. One or more sticks 15, for example two sticks (see FIG. 4), can be suspended at their upper end 15a by each tongue 14.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 7 show the axis lines 15a of the upper ends of the sticks 15.

A continuous housing represented in FIG. 3 by its axis L extends over the entire length of each chaining element 3 so as to be open towards the inside and delimited by the upper face of the sole 9, the internal face of the wall 10 and the underside of the tongues 14.

The sticks 15 are arranged so that their curved free end, opposite their upper end, is suspended in this continuous housing L.

A vertical notch 16 is formed in the internal face of the wall 10 to the right of each tongue 14 to facilitate the passage of the brackets 15 and their coating with concrete poured in situ 17 (see Figure 8).

The continuous housing L receives the horizontal chaining reinforcements which extend over the entire internal periphery of the base of the house to form an uninterrupted chain connecting the various chaining elements 3 together.

It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the horizontal chaining reinforcements consist of one or more horizontal bars 18, for example four bars which are arranged in a parallelogram, and a plurality of transverse metal frames 19 which are fixed on the bars of preferably at regular and limited intervals in the aforementioned continuous housing L.

The anchoring reinforcements 12 are intended to anchor the chaining elements 3 in the foundations F, crossing a continuous footing or concrete masonry 20 (see Figure 8).

Returning to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the anchoring reinforcements 12 can consist of two bars which extend substantially vertically from the foundations and curve after crossing the base 9 of a chaining element 3 for extend substantially horizontally in the continuous housing L respectively in opposite directions, passing over the curved ends of the brackets 15.

Thus when the stocks 15, the horizontal chaining reinforcements 18, 19 and the anchoring reinforcements 12 are embedded in the concrete slab 17 poured in place in the housing L, the whole forms an intimate connection allowing continuity and transmission of the forces exerted on the house at the foundations, which makes it possible to resist earthquakes.

One can foresee, as better represented in FIGS. 4 and 8, that the curved end of each stick 15 comes to hang on one of the horizontal bars 18 of the chaining reinforcements.

Referring now to Figures 5 and 6, we see another chaining element 103 in the form of an outgoing angle.

The outgoing corner element 103 differs from the current corner element 3 in that the vertical wall 110 and the base 109 consist of two portions oriented in a different direction, for example at right angles.

Similarly to FIG. 3, the vertical wall 110 has at the upper part of its external face a re-entrant shoulder 113 for the evacuation of the condensation water. A single opening 111 is provided here at the top of the corner part of the base 109 for the passage of the anchoring frames 12 (see FIG. 5).

The sticks whose upper end 15a is visible in FIG. 6 are suspended here by a fitting template 114 forming the aforementioned rim to temporarily hold the sticks 15 before the concrete is poured 17. However, one could also provide for the place the template 114, a tongue similar to Figure 3.

In FIG. 7, yet another chaining element 203 with a re-entrant angle is shown.

The vertical wall 210 and the base 209 are also here in two portions oriented in different directions, for example at a right angle, and an opening 211 is also made in the corner part of the base 209 for the passage of the anchoring frames. .

The rim for suspending the stocks 15 is formed here by an angular projecting portion 214 which can be crossed by five stocks for example.

In the outgoing corner 103 and returning corner elements 203, the continuous housing L extends horizontally over their entire internal periphery at the angle defined by these elements (see FIG. 6).

It can be seen in FIG. 8 that a block 21 is placed on the ground S in contact with the internal periphery of the base 9 to form an internal peripheral stop for the concrete slab 17.

The particular shape in L, or in C at the level of the tongues 14, of the chaining elements, makes it possible to clearly reduce their weight and to pour the concrete slab 17 without using formwork and to make this concrete slab 17 with a higher surface perfectly horizontal without using finishing screeds or by limiting their use.

It can be seen more clearly in FIGS. 8 and 9 that the upper ends 15a of the hooks 15 protrude slightly from the upper face of the tongues 14 to allow the metal posts 5 of the supporting structure to be fixed.

With particular reference to FIGS. 9 and 13, it can be seen that the metal posts 5 are fixed to the chaining elements 3 by means of a post base plate 22 which is crossed by the upper ends 15a of the brackets 15 , which plate 22 protrudes slightly towards the outside of the vertical wall 10 to come to be embedded in a positioning notch 23 formed on the internal face of a panel 6 said to be starting.

This notch 23 can be used both for rapid positioning of the starting panels 6 and as a fulcrum for the latter.

The metal posts 5 have a general I-shape in horizontal section and their outer wing 5a which extends over the entire height of the posts in a plane parallel to the panels 6 is used for fixing the latter on the supporting structure.

It can be seen in FIGS. 10 to 13 that a self-adhesive strip of impregnated foam 24 is glued over the entire external face of the wing 5a and is intended to be compressed when the panels 6 are tightened against the metal post 5, this which avoids creating stresses in cracking of the concrete panels and ensures airtightness at the level of the intermediate space 25 between two vertically adjacent panels 6.

It can be seen in FIGS. 10 to 12 that sockets 26 are anchored on the internal face of the panels 6, in which screws 27 are screwed. The head of these screws and the internal face of the panels 6 sandwich flanges 28 of stepped section whose opposite ends bear on the internal face of the aforementioned wing 5a of the posts 5.

It can thus be seen that by tightening the screws 27 in the sockets 26, the wing 5a is compressed via the flanges 28 and therefore the self-adhesive strip 24 against the internal face of the panels 6.

Referring more particularly to FIG. 12, it can be seen that four panels 6 can be fixed at their adjacent corners on a post 5, for example by using a fishplate 29 pierced with four holes 29a for the passage of the screws 27, which splint 29 is intended to be inserted between the post 5 and the panels 6 to facilitate the positioning of the latter.

We will now describe more particularly the structure of the panels 6 and of the window frames 7 with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16.

The panels 6 are thin concrete slabs reinforced on their internal face by a network of crisscrossed ribs and reinforced by metal steel bars 31 which are preferably included along the aforementioned ribs 30.

The network of ribs may include ribs extending over the entire periphery of the panel 6, as well as intermediate ribs extending horizontally and vertically on the internal face of the latter.

The aforementioned sockets 26 are embedded in the panels 6 at the peripheral ribs, preferably at their four corners and are anchored on the steel bar frames 31 to resist the tearing force when the panels 6 are tightened on the supporting structure. It can also be seen that the ribs 30 are flared from their internal face towards the bottom 6a of the panel 6 with a clearance angle to allow the slabs to be removed from the mold during manufacture.

The aforementioned notch 23 is formed in the lower corners of a starting panel 6 (see FIG. 15) at the level of the peripheral ribs.

The slabs 6 also include a notch 32 which is formed over the entire height of their lateral edges to provide the aforementioned decompression intermediate space 25 between two vertically adjacent panels.

Similarly, the frame 7 includes such a notch 32 over the entire height of the lateral edges of its uprights 36.

A notch 33 and an associated flange 34 are provided over the entire length respectively of one of the lower and upper edges of each panel to provide a space for receiving a water seal 35 between two horizontally adjacent panels. or between a starting panel and the underlying chaining element 3 (see Figure 9).

Slab 6 shown in Figure 15 is said to start because it is intended to be placed just above the chaining elements 3, while slab 6 shown in Figure 14 is said to be common because it is intended to be placed in - above the starting tiles.

The frame 7 shown in Figure 16 is intended for example to receive doors, windows or bay windows.

The lateral uprights 36 and the lintel 37 of the frame

7 have a general L shape consisting of a first portion which extends in a vertical plane to make up for the level of stacking of the slabs and of a second portion perpendicular to the first which is intended to make up the difference between the width of the wall and the thickness of the joinery.

The threshold portion 38 of the frame 7 has a generally flat and horizontal shape which is intended to make up the difference between the width of the wall and the thickness of the joinery.

It can also be seen in FIG. 16 that the fixing sleeves 26 are provided in the two upper corners of the vertical portion of the lintel 37 and on the vertical portions of the uprights 36.

The set of panels 6 and framing 7 constitutes the external cladding of the frame, serves as a support for architectural elements (not shown) linked to the finishing of the facades, and ensures the tightness of the house to the penetration of noise and sufficient resistance to external climatic or human factors.

The aforementioned supporting metal structure can be clad inside with plasterboard panels (not shown) fixed to the posts by metal legs and rails, and dressed with fire-resistant elements in a manner analogous to traditional systems.

It will be understood that in the invention, the chaining elements 3, the slabs 6 and the frames 7 are modular, can have different sizes and shapes and can be formed in one piece or in several pieces.

Although the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described as well as their combinations if these fall within the scope of the claims which follow.

Claims

claims

1. Structural system for the construction of buildings, in particular individual houses, comprising:

a basic assembly made up of a plurality of modular concrete chaining elements forming the basic perimeter of the exterior walls of the house, intended to be anchored in the foundations by reinforced concrete posts and connected together by chaining reinforcements horizontal,

a supporting structure made up of metal posts which are intended to be mounted on the above-mentioned chaining elements and fixed on the upper ends of metal hooks mounted in these elements,

characterized in that:

a continuous housing open inwards (L) extends over the entire length of the chaining elements (3, 103, 203) to receive the horizontal chaining reinforcements (18, 19) which form an uninterrupted chain over the entire periphery basic (2),

the aforementioned hooks (15) are suspended at their upper end (15a) by a flange (14, 114, 214) which projects inwardly from the chaining elements, so that their opposite curved end is located in the continuous housing above,

the reinforcements (12) of the above-mentioned anchor posts extend substantially vertically from the foundations (F) and curve by passing through the chaining elements to extend substantially horizontally in the abovementioned continuous housing, preferably above curved ends of the sticks, all of the brackets, the horizontal chaining reinforcements and the reinforcements of the anchoring posts being intended to be embedded in a concrete slab (17) poured on site in the aforementioned continuous housing to ensure an intimate connection between them and allow the continuity and transmission of the forces exerted on the house to the foundations, which makes the system earthquake resistant.

2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal chain fittings consist of several horizontal bars (18) and several transverse metal frames (19) connecting the bars together, preferably arranged at regular intervals, and confined inside the aforementioned continuous housing (L).

3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the brackets (15), the anchor posts and the metal posts (5) of the support structure are substantially aligned in a vertical direction.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned rim consists of a plurality of projecting portions (14, 214) spaced from each other on the inner upper edge of the chaining elements (3, 203) , so that at least two sticks are suspended by each projecting portion.

5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the frame of an anchor post comprises at least two bars (12) which extend vertically from the foundations (F) between the brackets (15) of the same projecting portion (14, 214) and are curved horizontally in the continuous housing (L) respectively in opposite directions.

6. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aforementioned flange consists of a temporary installation template (114) for retaining the sticks

(15) before pouring the concrete (17) into the abovementioned continuous housing (L).

7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises an external reinforced concrete cladding forming the external peripheral walls (4) of the house, which is carried by the aforementioned supporting structure (5) and consisting of a plurality of panels (6) or modular bay frames (7).

8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the aforementioned panels are thin concrete slabs (6) reinforced on their internal face by a network of interlocking ribs (30) which are reinforced by metal bars (31).

9. System according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the aforementioned metal posts (5) are mounted on the chaining elements (3, 103, 203) by means of a post base plate (22) a portion of which is slightly cantilevered outward to fit into a positioning notch (23) formed on the internal face of a starting panel (6) and possibly also serve as a point of support for this panel.

10. System according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a notch (33) and an associated flange (34) are respectively provided over the entire length of one of the upper and lower edges of each panel for providing a space for receiving a water seal (35) between two horizontally adjacent panels (6) or between a start panel and an underlying chaining element.

11. System according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that a notch (32) is formed over the entire height of the lateral edges of each panel (6) or frame (7) to provide an intermediate decompression space (25) between two vertically adjacent panels.

12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that a self-adhesive strip of impregnated foam (24) which is glued over the entire height of the outer wing (5a) of a metal post (5) in I, is intended to be compressed when tightening against the posts of the panels or frames, to avoid cracking of the latter and ensuring the air tightness at the abovementioned decompression space (25).

13. System according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that fixing sleeves (26) are embedded in the aforementioned panels or frames and anchored on the internal frames (31) of the latter to withstand the force tearing when fixing the panels or frames on the supporting structure.