EP0208626B1 - Method and device for erecting walls insulated at the exterior - Google Patents

Method and device for erecting walls insulated at the exterior Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0208626B1
EP0208626B1 EP86420141A EP86420141A EP0208626B1 EP 0208626 B1 EP0208626 B1 EP 0208626B1 EP 86420141 A EP86420141 A EP 86420141A EP 86420141 A EP86420141 A EP 86420141A EP 0208626 B1 EP0208626 B1 EP 0208626B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixing
framework
flying
facing
insulation
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP86420141A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0208626A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Muller
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT86420141T priority Critical patent/ATE61077T1/en
Publication of EP0208626A1 publication Critical patent/EP0208626A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
    • E04G11/28—Climbing forms, i.e. forms which are not in contact with the poured concrete during lifting from layer to layer and which are anchored in the hardened concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/04—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/04—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions
    • E04G5/046—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions for fastening scaffoldings on walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for making the facades of buildings isolated from the outside.
  • the usual technique for executing the facades of such a building isolated from the outside comprises two successive phases which are entirely separate from each other: during the first phase, the structural work is carried out. say the supporting structure, in concrete and / or partially in masonry. Then, in the second phase, we build, from working platforms, scaffolding or hanging outside the building, the framework necessary for fixing the facade cladding, the thermal insulation and the cladding itself. even. Document DE-A-3307634 is illustrative of this usual technique.
  • the implementation of the second phase is particularly delicate and long, because it takes place in the embarrassment of the scaffolded or suspended platforms: the handling, the adjustment and the fixing of the various bulky elements such as the framing elements or insulating plates are made difficult by the presence of scaffolding or walkways.
  • the object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the difficulties of executing facades insulated from the outside, and to significantly reduce overall construction times.
  • the facades are executed under improved safety conditions, in particular by the fact that a large part of the handling of structural elements is carried out at from inside the building.
  • Another object of the invention is the production, in particular the prefabrication, of an insulation structure for ventilated cladding allowing dynamic insulation, linked to a load-bearing structure by means of anchored or sealed means.
  • the present invention can be implemented with very simple means, the assembly of the elements being carried out using nails and hammers in the case of wooden frame elements.
  • the flying fasteners have a particular structure allowing their remote removal from above, for example using a rope, so that any element on the ground is prevented from falling.
  • this process is of the type comprising two successive phases: a first phase during which the supporting structure is produced, ie the concrete wall and / or partially in masonry, the framework intended to receive the facade cladding, and the thermal insulation, and a second phase during which the cladding is produced.
  • the first phase comprises a succession of cycles comprising, in the case of a load-bearing structure only made of concrete for example, each of the following steps: placing the external panel on an external gable console; have a grid frame composed of uprights, placed against the inner face of the outer panel with fixing lugs protruding inward and intended to be partially embedded in the concrete to achieve full mass anchoring; fix anchorable bridge supports on the framework for the execution of the upper level; place the thermal insulation from the inside of the building, against the sheet and the frame; carry out the construction of the supporting structure.
  • the problem which then arises is that of fixing the external pinion brackets, and of the subsequent recovery of the elements which support them. It is necessary, in fact, that the gangways are correctly maintained at the lower reinforced concrete structure, without damaging the framework and the external insulation elements.
  • the invention provides for this anchorable supports of particular structure for the maintenance of the bridge; the anchoring supports are fixed by inserting, during the first phase and in line with certain studs interrupted for this purpose, intermediate parts of particular shape.
  • An intermediate piece comprising an anchoring lug, a body intended to be inserted in line with an upright between two successive upright portions, means for fixing to the lower upright portion, and hooking means. for a removable flying gangway attachment.
  • the body of the intermediate piece may be of tubular shape, comprising an orifice in the upper zone, to receive a hook-shaped tab of the flying fastener; the front surface of the tubular body provides a support structure for receiving the rear face of the flying fastener.
  • stall safety means are provided to prevent the stall by vertical lifting of the flying fastener once engaged on the intermediate piece; it is then necessary, to unhook the flying fastener, to cause it to tilt, then to pull it from above.
  • a recoverable connecting element is defined, inserted between two successive parts of the same frame upright, and cooperating with the intermediate part; the recoverable connecting element simultaneously maintains and fixes the upper portion of the frame upright, and defines an upper housing above the intermediate piece, allowing engagement and free release of the flying fastener.
  • the recoverable connecting element also ensures the continuity of the interior face of the insulation structure, defining a continuous surface for the maintenance of the insulation and the distribution of the pressure stresses during the pouring of concrete.
  • the flying fasteners are again used during the production phase of the facing.
  • the flying fasteners then allow the attachment of a mobile gangway, which can move vertically along rigid rails maintained by the flying fasteners, the gangway being connected to the flying fasteners by cables actuated by winches. This avoids damaging the insulation structure, and the facing can be laid from top to bottom by successively moving the gangway.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents the wall structure produced according to the invention.
  • the wall includes a solid part or vertical reinforced concrete veil 1, supporting a slab 2.
  • a thermal insulation structure 12 comprising a framework and thermal insulation.
  • the insulation structure generally made of wood or possibly of metal, comprises vertical uprights 3, of constant section, arranged in the main part, at constant intervals. Preferably, an interval of the order of 60 cm is chosen between the uprights 3, so that the interval between the first and third uprights is 1.20 m, a distance corresponding to a standard current in the building technique.
  • the uprights 3 are secured to the concrete veil 1, and are intended to subsequently receive the exterior facing of the facade.
  • the intervals between the uprights 3, and possibly between the uprights and the concrete wall 1, are filled with thermal insulating elements 4.
  • this phase comprises a succession of cycles, each cycle allowing the construction of a stage.
  • the pinion console 5 comprises a transverse profile 6 which fits into vertical V-shaped notches 7 formed in flying fasteners 8. Each flying fastener 8 is attached to an intermediate piece 9 which itself has a tab anchor 10 embedded in the concrete web 1 of the lower building structure.
  • the pinion console 5 comprises vertical uprights 11 bearing against the external surface of the insulation structure 12 previously implemented, and in particular against the uprights 3 of the framework, directly or with the interposition of intermediate elements such as 'a profile 11a.
  • the intermediate part 9 and the flying fastener 8 are positioned so that the pinion console 5 has an upper deck 92 which is disposed substantially at the same level as the upper face of the slab 2. It is noted that the insulation elements and the uprights 3 of the lower structure protrude slightly above the level of the slab 2, thus allowing easy formwork of the slab edge.
  • an external panel 13 is placed and adjusted on the pinion console 5, and defines the external surface against which the insulation structure elements have been adapted.
  • the facade framework composed of vertical wooden uprights 3, and the various forms corresponding to the openings provided on the building construction plans are put in place.
  • the thermal insulation plates are applied, applied against the shuttering face of the outer formwork 13, making a joint assembly of the different materials between them. Is distributed in the frame, for example by nailing them on the uprights 3, fixing lugs such as the lug 14, protruding inwardly are intended to be partially embedded in the concrete for perform full mass anchoring.
  • the uprights 3 of the frame can thus be properly maintained in the concrete veil, and they will allow the transfer of vertical and horizontal loads and overloads supported by the facade and transmitted, through them, to the supporting structure.
  • the connecting lugs 14 also ensure the maintenance of the thermal insulator. They include, for this, plates 14a provided with pins or asperities 14b, on the faces intended to be opposite the insulators; the asperities 14b penetrate into the thermal insulating material.
  • the material constituting the fixing lugs 14 must, in addition to the necessary mechanical resistance, be resistant to air corrosion.
  • the provisional maintenance of the uprights 3 can, for example, be carried out by direct fixing on the external panel 13, or by assembly with the uprights coming from the lower level, or by fixing on the slab, or by fixing to a wooden element fixed on and above the outer cover 13.
  • the thermal insulation can also be placed around the entire circumference of the formwork of the openings. It must be chosen from materials whose compressibility class is sufficient to allow the transfer of compression forces during concrete pouring. In particular, excessive compression deformation must be avoided during casting.
  • the intermediate parts 9 allowing the maintenance of the pinion brackets, are inserted in line with certain uprights 3, interrupted for this purpose.
  • the uprights 3 can be used at constant intervals, every second upright receives an intermediate piece 9, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the intermediate pieces 9 have a structure such that the flying fasteners 8 can be inserted for the adaptation of a pinion console 5 and then retrieved.
  • the different parts have a particular structure, for example a structure as described below.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate the structure of a flying fastener according to the invention.
  • the flying fastener 8 comprises two parallel vertical walls 15 and 16 connected by a vertical wall 17.
  • the walls 15 and 16 have a vertical notch 18 open upwards and in the shape of a V.
  • a transverse rod 19 connects the two walls 15 and 16 in the vicinity of the base of the notch 18.
  • the structure is such that the center of gravity G of the flying fastener 8 is located between the vertical end wall 17 and the rod 19.
  • the inner part 21 of the flying fastener comprises on the one hand an upper tab 22 in the form of a hook for its attachment to an intermediate piece 9 and a rear support surface 23 for coming to bear against an intermediate piece 9.
  • the rear surface 23 comprises a lower lug 24 intended to engage in a housing of the intermediate piece 9, preventing direct translation upwards of the flying fastener 8; the release of the flying fastener requires tilting in the direction of arrow 20 followed by translation upwards.
  • the upper tab 22 has an inclined end portion 22a, which is connected to a horizontal portion 22b, as shown in the figure, so that the flying fastener hooks correctly onto the intermediate piece 9, and is easily released during the tilting.
  • the intermediate piece 9 comprises a vertical tube 25, having an upper hole 26 for the introduction of the upper tab 22 of the flying fastener.
  • the tube 25 is integral with an anchoring tab 10 extending horizontally to be anchored in full mass in the concrete.
  • the rear face of the tube 25 receives, in the lower part, a fixing lug 27 pierced with holes for its fixing to a lower upright 3.
  • the intermediate piece is constituted by a sheet folded in the shape of a U, forming two vertical walls connected by a front wall 28; a lower tab 27 is fixed connecting the two side walls.
  • a free space must be provided above the orifice 26 of the intermediate piece 9.
  • the space is delimited, in its upper part, by the upper position 3a of the wooden upright, positioned in the exact extension of the portion lower 3 of amount, as shown schematically in Figure 5.
  • the recoverable connecting element 29 has two parallel side walls 30 and 31 of slightly greater spacing to the width of the uprights 3 of the frame.
  • the upper portion 3a of the upright was obtained as a residue after sawing at the correct level of the upright 3.
  • the upper portion 3a rests on the support provided in the recoverable connecting element. It is held in the final position by an anchor located in the upper part of the concrete wall 1.
  • the walls 30 and 31 must allow the introduction of the uprights between them, while ensuring correct maintenance of the uprights.
  • the side walls 30 and 31 are connected by two substantially horizontal crosspieces, a lower crosspiece 32 intended to rest on the upper edge of the lower upright portion 3, and an upper crosspiece 33 forming a stop on which the lower end of the upper portion 3a.
  • the spacing of the lower 32 and upper 33 ties is chosen so as to allow, between them, the engagement of the intermediate piece 9 and the production of an adaptation housing, or sufficient space above the intermediate piece 9 between this part and the upper cross member 33, for engaging and disengaging the flying fastener 8.
  • the upper cross member 33 is slightly inclined towards the rear, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the figure also shows a lateral light 34 allowing a hammer to be engaged to nail the lower cross member 32 to the lower upright 3.
  • the upper cross member 33 continues, on the rear face, by a rear vertical wall 35 partially closing the rear of the recoverable connecting element.
  • a rear vertical wall 35 partially closing the rear of the recoverable connecting element.
  • the front face of the connecting element also includes an upper connecting lug 36, connecting the two walls 30 and 31, and projecting from the front face.
  • the siding execution phase can take place as follows: for certain types of siding, their installation can be envisaged simultaneously with the first phase, using a nacelle suspended under the gable console.
  • the exterior facing is constructed from top to bottom, by fixing it against the uprights 3 of the framework.
  • fly-ties 8 are re-used, introduced into the same intermediate parts 9.
  • the rails 36 are hooked to the upper fly-ties 8.
  • the flying fasteners comprise, as shown in FIG. 4, lateral hooking elements 37, for example in the shape of a U, the upper end of the rails 36 having a shape allowing them to be adapted in the elements d 'hooking 37.
  • the rails 36 pass through the console-pinion structure 5: the console-pinion 5 comprises a rear upper cross member 38, passing behind the rigid rail 36, and a lower rear cross member 39 passing through the front of the rigid rail 36.
  • the pinion console is, moreover, suspended from the flying fasteners 8 by ropes 40, the length of which is adjustable by means of winches 41.
  • the pinion console 5 furthermore comprises retractable hooking means 42 for its direct hooking to flying fasteners 8.
  • the retractable hooking means 42 comprise a horizontal transverse section 43 articulated on the pinion console by two lateral levers 44, allowing pivoting represented by the arrow 45.
  • the operation of the device is as follows: starting from the upper flying fastener 8, the rigid rails 36 are arranged vertically as shown in the figure, suspended from the flying fasteners.
  • the pinion console is suspended from the upper flying fastener 8 by the rope 40, the end of which is hooked to the rod 19.
  • the pinion console can descend freely along the rails 36. When it reaches the level of the intermediate piece 9a, the lower flying fastener 8a is hooked.
  • the pinion console can be hooked directly to this lower flying fastener 8a by the retractable hooking means 42: the transverse profile 43 is placed above the notches 18 of the flying fasteners, then the gangway is lowered slightly to engage the profile in the notches 18.
  • the assembly constituted by the framework 3 and the thermal insulation structure 12 consists of separate elements which are assembled on site.
  • Such prefabrication can also advantageously include frames intended to receive all exterior joinery.
  • FIG. 12 represents, seen from the same angle as FIG. 1, another embodiment of the "frame 3-insulation structure 12" assembly, which allows both to obtain ventilation of the facade allowing it to "breathe”, which ensures it a long lifespan, and to achieve a parietodynamic insulation of the building, for example a parietodynamic insulation as described in the French review "Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment", N ° 76, November 1985, page 72.
  • the surface of the insulating plate 4 which is intended to be facing the facing, has a tormented shape by the fact that it has reliefs, here constituted by studs 50 projecting in shape parallelepiped. These reliefs 50 define between them vertical 51 and horizontal corridors 52 allowing the circulation of air by convection, which makes it possible to create a ventilation of the facade.
  • the insulating structure 4 has, on the side looking towards the future concrete veil, protuberances in the form of vertical columns 65 in dovetail. These protrusions 65, which can equally well equip the structure 4 of FIG. 1, are intended to help achieve the anchoring of the insulation structure 4 in the concrete, after the latter has been poured. Note also that the reliefs 5 also make it possible to transfer the thrust forces of the concrete onto the so-called “external" form.
  • recoverable reinforcing strips are provided which come fit, as shown in Figure 13 in the corridor 57 and the passage 58.
  • the supporting structure 1 is entirely made of concrete.
  • a facade wall can therefore be considered as reinforced concrete, at least at the level of the slabs, and therefore of the edge chaining, the rest of the facade _ located between two chaining _ being constructed both of reinforced concrete and of masonry elements , or even totally in masonry elements.
  • the anchoring lugs 14, used for the solution with concrete will then be positioned in line with the concrete elements, and in particular at the level of the slabs 2, or of the reinforced concrete chaining.
  • the supports 9 for flying fasteners will be placed in similar zones, that is to say anchored in reinforced concrete. In the case of masonry facades, they can be used for the installation of light circulation walkways, since it is then unnecessary to provide gable consoles for support of formwork.
  • FIG. 15 shows diagrammatically an example of application of the invention to a support structure 1 comprising masonry elements, for example concrete blocks 67.
  • lugs d have been previously fixed on vertical uprights 3.
  • 'hooking 69 fitted with hooks 70 gripping the breeze block by one of its internal walls 71, 72, defining its internal cells.
  • the hooks 70 are made of plastic, which considerably reduces the thermal bridge. It will also be noted that these hooks play the role of "spacers" making it possible to control the spacing between the interior and exterior rough facing.
  • each leg has an element 73 which slides vertically over an equal distance h at the height of a concrete block 67 in the part 74 of the tab which is already fixed to the upright 3, so as to allow the insertion of this element 73 between two beds of elements 67 to be built.
  • a plastic slide not shown, can also ensure locking between the elements 73 and 74.
  • the element 73 being pivotally mounted, is very flexible in use.
  • the fixing of the tab 69 can be made from the outside, during the implementation of the facing support 61. This is then put in place, during the phase for prefabrication of the panels, simply inserted between two insulation panels, or inserted on site if the mechanical qualities of the insulation allow it, with the possibility of vertical displacement: the tab can thus be moved, during the assembly of the masonry for rest, by means of a horizontal flat surface on the horizontal upper plane of the hollow block or other masonry element. It will also include means 70 which will allow insertion and locking against and / or between the partitions making up the cells of the masonry elements.
  • the insulation in one piece 68 can serve, with adaptation, as a sheet for the concrete.
  • the panel 13 of FIG. 2 can be replaced by a resistant panel 61 then remaining in place, the invention generally being obviously not limited to the exemplary embodiments which have just been described.

Abstract

A method of building a structure formed of a masonry wall having an outer face carrying frame members and insulation and provided with sheathing overlying the frame members and insulation entails generally simultaneously erecting the masonry wall, frame members, and insulation and thereafter applying the sheathing. More particularly first a framework of frame members is erected against an outer brace panel, insulation is fitted between the frame members and against the brace panel, and anchors are fixed to the insulation and framework with stems of the anchors projecting inward away from the panel past the insulation. Then a masonry interior wall either of cast reinforced concrete or block is built against the insulation with the anchors imbedded in the masonry wall. The outer brace panel is then removed and sheathing is secured to the frame members. Thus the exterior walls of the building can be virtually completed, all but the sheathing, one floor at a time. The masonry wall is built after the framework and insulation are set up, working from inside, so that the use of heavy-duty scaffolding and the like is unnecessary.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif per­mettant la réalisation des façades de bâtiments isolées par l'extérieur.The present invention relates to a method and a device for making the facades of buildings isolated from the outside.

La technique habituelle d'éxécution des façades d'un tel bâtiment isolé par l'extérieur comprend deux phases successives entièrement dis­jointes l'une de l'autre: au cours d'une première phase, on exécute le gros oeuvre, c'est à dire la structure porteuse, en béton et/ou partiellement en maçonnerie. Puis, dans la seconde phase, on réalise, à partir de plate-formes de travail, échafaudées ou suspendues à l'extérieur du bâtiment, l'ossature nécessaire à la fixation du parement de façade, l'isolant thermique puis le parement lui-même. Le document DE-A-3307634 est illustratif de cette technique habituelle.The usual technique for executing the facades of such a building isolated from the outside comprises two successive phases which are entirely separate from each other: during the first phase, the structural work is carried out. say the supporting structure, in concrete and / or partially in masonry. Then, in the second phase, we build, from working platforms, scaffolding or hanging outside the building, the framework necessary for fixing the facade cladding, the thermal insulation and the cladding itself. even. Document DE-A-3307634 is illustrative of this usual technique.

Pour l'exécution de la première phase, si l'on prend par exemple, le cas d'une structure porteuse en béton, il est nécessaire d'utiliser une plate-forme de travail qui permet la mise en place de la branche qui sert au coffrage de la face extérieure du voile en béton. Dans le cas de bâtiments comportant peu de niveaux, cette plate-forme peut être édifiée à partir d'un échafaudage. Dans le cas contraire, elle est constituée par une structure légère et mobile, suspendue en console, par l'intermédiaire d'ap­puis fixés provisoirement dans la structure du niveau inférieur. Dans la suite de la description, cette structure sera appelée "console-pignon". Les appuis provisoires sont appelés attaches volantes. Ce sont des pièces intermédiaires comportant des moyens pour leur fixation amovible à la structure en béton armé, et des moyens pour l'accrochage de la passerelle.For the execution of the first phase, if we take for example, the case of a concrete supporting structure, it is necessary to use a working platform which allows the establishment of the branch which serves the formwork of the exterior face of the concrete wall. In the case of buildings with few levels, this platform can be built from scaffolding. Otherwise, it is constituted by a light and mobile structure, suspended in a console, by means of supports temporarily fixed in the structure of the lower level. In the following description, this structure will be called "console-pinion". Temporary supports are called flying fasteners. These are intermediate parts comprising means for their removable attachment to the reinforced concrete structure, and means for hooking the bridge.

Dans ces techniques connues, la mise en oeuvre de la seconde phase est particulièrement délicate et longue, car elle se déroule dans l'embarras des plates-formes échafaudées ou suspendues: la manutention, l'ajustage et la fixation des différents éléments volumineux tels que les éléments d'ossature ou les plaques d'isolants, sont rendus malaisés par la présence des échafaudages ou passerelles.In these known techniques, the implementation of the second phase is particularly delicate and long, because it takes place in the embarrassment of the scaffolded or suspended platforms: the handling, the adjustment and the fixing of the various bulky elements such as the framing elements or insulating plates are made difficult by the presence of scaffolding or walkways.

La présente invention a pour objet de réduire notablement les difficultés d'exécution des façades isolées par l'extérieur, et de diminuer, de manière sensible les temps globaux de construction.The object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the difficulties of executing facades insulated from the outside, and to significantly reduce overall construction times.

Selon un autre objet de l'invention, les façades sont exécutées dans des conditions de sécurité améliorées, notamment par le fait qu'une grande partie des manutentions d'éléments de structure est effectuée à partir de l'intérieur du bâtiment.According to another object of the invention, the facades are executed under improved safety conditions, in particular by the fact that a large part of the handling of structural elements is carried out at from inside the building.

Un autre objet de l'invention est la réalisation, en particulier la préfabrication, d'une structure d'isolation pour bardage ventilé permettant une isolation dynamique, liée à une stucture porteuse par l'intermédiaire de moyens ancrés ou scellés.Another object of the invention is the production, in particular the prefabrication, of an insulation structure for ventilated cladding allowing dynamic insulation, linked to a load-bearing structure by means of anchored or sealed means.

La présente invention peut être mise en oeuvre avec des moyens très simples, l'assemblage des éléments étant réalisé à l'aide de clous et marteaux dans le cas d'éléments d'ossature en bois.The present invention can be implemented with very simple means, the assembly of the elements being carried out using nails and hammers in the case of wooden frame elements.

Les attaches volantes ont une structure particulière permettant leur enlèvement à distance par le dessus, par exemple à l'aide d'un filin, de sorte qu'on évite la chute de tout élément au sol.The flying fasteners have a particular structure allowing their remote removal from above, for example using a rope, so that any element on the ground is prevented from falling.

Pour satisfaire ces objets, ainsi que d'autres, ce procédé est du type comprenant deux phases successives: une première phase au cours de laquelle on réalise la structure porteuse, c'est à dire le mur en béton et/ou partiellement en maçonnerie, l'ossature destinée à recevoir le parement de façade, et l'isolation thermique, et une seconde phase au cours de laquelle on réalise le parement. Selon l'invention, la première phase comprend une succession de cycles comportant, dans le cas d'une structure porteuse seulement en béton par exemple, chacune des étapes suivantes: poser la banche exté­rieure sur une console-pignon extérieure ; disposer une ossature tramée composée de montants, posée contre la face intérieure de la banche extérieure avec des pattes de fixation dépassant vers l'intérieur et destinées à être partiellement noyées dans le béton pour réaliser l'ancrage en pleine masse ; fixer des supports ancrables de passerelle sur l'ossature en vue de l'exécution du niveau supérieur ; disposer l'isolant thermique à partir de l'intérieur du bâtiment, contre la banche et l'ossature ; réaliser la cons­truction de la structure porteuse.To satisfy these objects, as well as others, this process is of the type comprising two successive phases: a first phase during which the supporting structure is produced, ie the concrete wall and / or partially in masonry, the framework intended to receive the facade cladding, and the thermal insulation, and a second phase during which the cladding is produced. According to the invention, the first phase comprises a succession of cycles comprising, in the case of a load-bearing structure only made of concrete for example, each of the following steps: placing the external panel on an external gable console; have a grid frame composed of uprights, placed against the inner face of the outer panel with fixing lugs protruding inward and intended to be partially embedded in the concrete to achieve full mass anchoring; fix anchorable bridge supports on the framework for the execution of the upper level; place the thermal insulation from the inside of the building, against the sheet and the frame; carry out the construction of the supporting structure.

Le problème qui se pose est alors celui de la fixation des consoles-pignons extérieures, et de la récupération ultérieure des éléments qui les supportent. Il faut, en effet, que les passerelles soient maintenues correctement à la structure inférieure en béton armé, sans pour autant endommager l'ossature et les éléments d'isolation extérieure. L'invention prévoit pour cela des supports ancrables de structure particulière pour le maintien de la passerelle ; la fixation des supports ancrables se fait en insérant, pendant la première phase et au droit de certains montants d'ossature interrompus à cet effet, des pièces intermédiaires de forme particulière.The problem which then arises is that of fixing the external pinion brackets, and of the subsequent recovery of the elements which support them. It is necessary, in fact, that the gangways are correctly maintained at the lower reinforced concrete structure, without damaging the framework and the external insulation elements. The invention provides for this anchorable supports of particular structure for the maintenance of the bridge; the anchoring supports are fixed by inserting, during the first phase and in line with certain studs interrupted for this purpose, intermediate parts of particular shape.

L'invention définit des éléments particuliers permettant la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé de construction. On utilise ainsi une pièce intermé­diaire, comportant une patte d'ancrage, un corps destiné à être inséré au droit d'un montant entre deux portions successives de montant, des moyens de fixation à la portion inférieure de montant, et des moyens d'accrochage pour une attache volante amovible de passerelle. Le corps de la pièce intermédiaire peut être de forme tubulaire, comportant un orifice en zone supérieure, pour recevoir une patte en forme de crochet de l'attache volante ; la surface antérieure du corps tubulaire réalise une structure d'appui pour recevoir la face postérieure de l'attache volante.The invention defines specific elements allowing the implementation work of such a construction process. An intermediate piece is thus used, comprising an anchoring lug, a body intended to be inserted in line with an upright between two successive upright portions, means for fixing to the lower upright portion, and hooking means. for a removable flying gangway attachment. The body of the intermediate piece may be of tubular shape, comprising an orifice in the upper zone, to receive a hook-shaped tab of the flying fastener; the front surface of the tubular body provides a support structure for receiving the rear face of the flying fastener.

Selon une autre caractéristique, des moyens de sécurité au décro­chage sont prévus pour éviter le décrochage par soulèvement vertical de l'attache volante une fois engagée sur la pièce intermédiaire ; il est alors nécessaire, pour décrocher l'attache volante, de provoquer son basculement, puis de la tirer par le haut.According to another characteristic, stall safety means are provided to prevent the stall by vertical lifting of the flying fastener once engaged on the intermediate piece; it is then necessary, to unhook the flying fastener, to cause it to tilt, then to pull it from above.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on définit un élément de liaison récupérable, inséré entre deux parties successives d'un même montant d'ossature, et coopérant avec la pièce intermédiaire; l'élé­ment de liaison récupérable assure simultanément le maintien et la fixation de la portion supérieure du montant d'ossature, et définit un logement supérieur au dessus de la pièce intermédiaire, permettant l'engagement et le dégagement libre de l'attache volante. L'élément de liaison récupérable assure en outre la continuité de la face intérieure de structure d'isolation, définissant une surface continue pour le maintien de l'isolant et la réparti­tion des contraintes de pression lors du coulage de béton.According to another characteristic of the invention, a recoverable connecting element is defined, inserted between two successive parts of the same frame upright, and cooperating with the intermediate part; the recoverable connecting element simultaneously maintains and fixes the upper portion of the frame upright, and defines an upper housing above the intermediate piece, allowing engagement and free release of the flying fastener. The recoverable connecting element also ensures the continuity of the interior face of the insulation structure, defining a continuous surface for the maintenance of the insulation and the distribution of the pressure stresses during the pouring of concrete.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on utilise à nouveau les attaches volantes lors de la phase de réalisation du parement. Les attaches volantes permettent alors l'accrochage d'une passerelle mobile, pouvant se déplacer verticalement le long de rails rigides maintenus par les attaches volantes, la passerelle étant reliée aux attaches volantes par des câbles actionnés par des treuils. On évite ainsi d'endommager la structure d'isolation, et l'on peut poser le parement de haut en bas en déplaçant successivement la passerelle.According to another characteristic of the invention, the flying fasteners are again used during the production phase of the facing. The flying fasteners then allow the attachment of a mobile gangway, which can move vertically along rigid rails maintained by the flying fasteners, the gangway being connected to the flying fasteners by cables actuated by winches. This avoids damaging the insulation structure, and the facing can be laid from top to bottom by successively moving the gangway.

D'autres objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention, ressortiront de la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers, faite en relation avec les figures jointes, parmi lesquelles :

  • Figure 1 représente une vue en perspective, en coupe partielle, de la structure de façade à isolation extérieure pouvant être réalisée selon la présente invention,
  • Figure 2 représente, en coupe, une console-pignon fixée sur une façade,
  • Figure 3 représente une coupe d'une attache volante selon l'invention,
  • Figure 4 représente une vue de dessus de l'attache volante,
  • Figures 5 et 6 représentent respectivement, en coupe et en vue de dessus, une pièce intermédiaire selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • Figures 7 et 8 représentent respectivement, en coupe et en vue de dessus, une pièce intermédiaire selon un second mode de réalisation,
  • Figures 9 et 10 représentent respectivement, en coupe verticale et en vue de dessus, un élément de liaison récupérable selon l'invention,
  • Figure 11 représente schématiquement les éléments d'adaptation d'une console-pignon mobile lors de la réalisation du parement,
  • Figure 12 est une vue en perspective, partiellement éclatée, d'une structure d'isolation avec ossature, permettant la réalisation d'une isolation pariétodynamique,
  • Figure 13 est une vue en coupe schématique selon la direction XIII-XIII de la figure 12,
  • Figure 14 est une vue en coupe schématique, selon la direction XIV-XIV de la figure 12, de la façade entièrement montée, avec son voile en béton et sa plaque de parement, et
  • Figure 15 est une vue partielle, en perspective avec arrachement partiel, d'une façade avec structure porteuse au moins partiellement maçon­née.
Other objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description of particular embodiments, given in relation to the attached figures, among which:
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view, in partial section, of the facade structure with external insulation which can be produced according to the present invention,
  • Figure 2 shows, in section, a pinion console fixed on a facade,
  • FIG. 3 represents a section of a flying fastener according to the invention,
  • Figure 4 shows a top view of the flying fastener,
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively represent, in section and in top view, an intermediate part according to a first embodiment,
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 respectively represent, in section and in top view, an intermediate piece according to a second embodiment,
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 respectively represent, in vertical section and in top view, a recoverable connecting element according to the invention,
  • FIG. 11 schematically represents the adaptation elements of a movable pinion console during the production of the facing,
  • FIG. 12 is a perspective view, partially exploded, of an insulation structure with framework, allowing the realization of a parietodynamic insulation,
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional view in the direction XIII-XIII of FIG. 12,
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic sectional view, in the direction XIV-XIV of FIG. 12, of the fully assembled facade, with its concrete veil and its facing plate, and
  • Figure 15 is a partial view, in perspective with partial cutaway, of a facade with at least partially masonry support structure.

La figure 1 représente schématiquement la structure de paroi réalisée selon l'invention. La paroi comprend une partie pleine ou voile en béton armé 1 vertical, supportant une dalle 2. En face extérieure du voile 1 est appliquée une structure d'isolation thermique 12 comprenant une ossature et l'isolation thermique. La structure d'isolation, généralement réalisée en bois ou éventuellement en métal, comporte des montants verticaux 3, de section constante, disposés en partie courante, selon des intervalles constants. On choisit de préférence un intervalle de l'ordre de 60 cm entre les montants 3, de sorte que l'intervalle du premier et du troisième montant est de 1,20 m, distance correspondant à une norme courante dans la technique du bâtiment. Les montants 3 sont solidarisés au voile en béton 1, et sont destinés à recevoir ultérieurement le parement extérieur de la façade. Les intervalles entre les montants 3, et éventuellement entre les montants et le voile en béton 1, sont remplis par des éléments isolants thermiques 4.FIG. 1 schematically represents the wall structure produced according to the invention. The wall includes a solid part or vertical reinforced concrete veil 1, supporting a slab 2. On the outer face of the veil 1 is applied a thermal insulation structure 12 comprising a framework and thermal insulation. The insulation structure, generally made of wood or possibly of metal, comprises vertical uprights 3, of constant section, arranged in the main part, at constant intervals. Preferably, an interval of the order of 60 cm is chosen between the uprights 3, so that the interval between the first and third uprights is 1.20 m, a distance corresponding to a standard current in the building technique. The uprights 3 are secured to the concrete veil 1, and are intended to subsequently receive the exterior facing of the facade. The intervals between the uprights 3, and possibly between the uprights and the concrete wall 1, are filled with thermal insulating elements 4.

Dans le procédé d'édification de façades selon l'invention, on réalise simultanément le moulage du voile 1 en béton et l'isolation exté­rieure. Pour cela, cette phase comprend une succession de cycles, chaque cycle permettant la construction d'un étage.In the process of building facades according to the invention, the molding of the concrete wall 1 and the external insulation are carried out simultaneously. For this, this phase comprises a succession of cycles, each cycle allowing the construction of a stage.

En début de cycle, on se trouve dans une situation représentée sur la figure 2, dans laquelle une console-pignon 5 est accrochée en face extérieure du bâtiment.At the start of the cycle, we are in a situation shown in FIG. 2, in which a pinion console 5 is hung on the outside of the building.

Comme le représente la figure, la console-pignon 5 comprend un profilé transversal 6 s'adaptant dans des encoches 7 verticales en V ménagées dans des attaches volantes 8. Chaque attache volante 8 est accrochée à une pièce intermédiaire 9 comportant elle-même une patte d'ancrage 10 noyée dans le voile 1 en béton de la structure inférieure de bâtiment. La console-pignon 5 comprend des montants verticaux 11 venant en appui contre la surface extérieure de la structure d'isolation 12 précé­demment mise en oeuvre, et notamment contre les montants 3 de l'ossature, directement ou avec interposition d'éléments intermédiaires tels qu'un profilé 11a.As shown in the figure, the pinion console 5 comprises a transverse profile 6 which fits into vertical V-shaped notches 7 formed in flying fasteners 8. Each flying fastener 8 is attached to an intermediate piece 9 which itself has a tab anchor 10 embedded in the concrete web 1 of the lower building structure. The pinion console 5 comprises vertical uprights 11 bearing against the external surface of the insulation structure 12 previously implemented, and in particular against the uprights 3 of the framework, directly or with the interposition of intermediate elements such as 'a profile 11a.

On positionne la pièce intermédiaire 9 et l'attache volante 8 de manière que la console-pignon 5 présente un platelage supérieur 92 qui soit disposé sensiblement au même niveau que la face supérieure de la dalle 2. On remarque que les éléments d'isolation et les montants 3 de la structure inférieure dépassent légèrement au-dessus du niveau de la dalle 2, permet­tant ainsi un coffrage aisé de la rive de dalle.The intermediate part 9 and the flying fastener 8 are positioned so that the pinion console 5 has an upper deck 92 which is disposed substantially at the same level as the upper face of the slab 2. It is noted that the insulation elements and the uprights 3 of the lower structure protrude slightly above the level of the slab 2, thus allowing easy formwork of the slab edge.

Pour l'édification du niveau supérieur, en début de cycle, une banche extérieure 13 est posée et réglée sur la console-pignon 5, et définit la surface extérieure contre laquelle on vient adapter les éléments de structure d'isolation. Selon le mode de réalisation représenté, on dispose alors, contre la banche 13, l'ossature de façade, composée des montants en bois verticaux 3, et on met en place les différents coffrages correspondant aux ouvertures prévues sur les plans d'exécution du bâtiment. On pose les plaques d'isolant thermique, en applique contre la face coffrante de la banche extérieure 13, réalisant un ensemble jointif des différents matériaux entre eux. On répartit dans l'ossature, par exemple en les clouant sur les montants 3, des pattes de fixation telles que la patte 14, dépassant vers l'intérieur est destinées à être noyées partiellement dans le béton pour réaliser un ancrage en pleine masse.For the construction of the upper level, at the start of the cycle, an external panel 13 is placed and adjusted on the pinion console 5, and defines the external surface against which the insulation structure elements have been adapted. According to the embodiment shown, there is then, against the panel 13, the facade framework, composed of vertical wooden uprights 3, and the various forms corresponding to the openings provided on the building construction plans are put in place. . The thermal insulation plates are applied, applied against the shuttering face of the outer formwork 13, making a joint assembly of the different materials between them. Is distributed in the frame, for example by nailing them on the uprights 3, fixing lugs such as the lug 14, protruding inwardly are intended to be partially embedded in the concrete for perform full mass anchoring.

Les montants 3 de l'ossature pourront être ainsi maintenus correc­tement dans le voile de béton, et ils permettront le report des charges et surcharges verticales et horizontales supportées par la façade et transmises, par leur intermédiaire, à la structure porteuse.The uprights 3 of the frame can thus be properly maintained in the concrete veil, and they will allow the transfer of vertical and horizontal loads and overloads supported by the facade and transmitted, through them, to the supporting structure.

Les pattes de liaison 14 assurent, par ailleurs, le maintien de l'isolant thermique. Elle comprennent, pour cela, des plaques 14a munies de picots ou d'aspérités 14b, sur les faces destinées à être en regard des isolants ; les aspérités 14b pénètrent dans le matériau isolant thermique. Le matériau constituant les pattes de fixation 14 doit, en plus de la résistance mécanique nécessaire, être résistant à la corrosion de l'air.The connecting lugs 14 also ensure the maintenance of the thermal insulator. They include, for this, plates 14a provided with pins or asperities 14b, on the faces intended to be opposite the insulators; the asperities 14b penetrate into the thermal insulating material. The material constituting the fixing lugs 14 must, in addition to the necessary mechanical resistance, be resistant to air corrosion.

Le maintien provisoire des montants 3 peut être, par exemple, effectué par fixation directe sur la banche extérieure 13, ou par assemblage avec les montants issus du niveau inférieur, ou par fixation sur la dalle, ou par fixation à un élément en bois fixé sur et au-dessus de la banche extérieure 13.The provisional maintenance of the uprights 3 can, for example, be carried out by direct fixing on the external panel 13, or by assembly with the uprights coming from the lower level, or by fixing on the slab, or by fixing to a wooden element fixed on and above the outer cover 13.

L'isolant thermique peut aussi être placé sur tout le pourtour des coffrages des ouvertures. Il doit être choisi parmi les matériaux dont la classe de compressibilité est suffisante pour permettre le report des efforts de compression lors de la coulée du béton. Il faut en particulier éviter une trop grande déformation par compression lors de la coulée.The thermal insulation can also be placed around the entire circumference of the formwork of the openings. It must be chosen from materials whose compressibility class is sufficient to allow the transfer of compression forces during concrete pouring. In particular, excessive compression deformation must be avoided during casting.

On fixe également, sur l'ossature, des pièces intermédiaires telle que la pièce 9, au voisinage de la partie supérieure de l'ossature de l'étage en cours de construction, avec leurs pattes d'ancrage 10 dépassant vers l'intérieur pour être partiellement noyées dans le béton, pour réaliser un ancrage en pleine masse.Intermediate parts such as part 9 are also fixed on the frame, in the vicinity of the upper part of the frame of the floor under construction, with their anchoring tabs 10 projecting inward to be partially embedded in concrete, to achieve full mass anchoring.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les pièces intermédiaires 9 permettant le maintien des consoles-pignons, sont insérées au droit de certains montants 3, interrompus à cet effet. En partie courante de voile, lorsque les montants 3 peuvent être mis en oeuvre à intervalles constants, un montant sur deux reçoit une pièce intermédiaire 9, comme le représente la figure 1. Les pièces intermédiaires 9 présentent une structure telle que les attaches volantes 8 peuvent être insérées pour l'adaptation d'une console-pignon 5 puis récupérées. Pour cela, les diffé­rentes pièces ont une structure particulière, par exemple une structure telle que décrite ci-dessous.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate parts 9 allowing the maintenance of the pinion brackets, are inserted in line with certain uprights 3, interrupted for this purpose. In the main part of the sail, when the uprights 3 can be used at constant intervals, every second upright receives an intermediate piece 9, as shown in FIG. 1. The intermediate pieces 9 have a structure such that the flying fasteners 8 can be inserted for the adaptation of a pinion console 5 and then retrieved. For this, the different parts have a particular structure, for example a structure as described below.

Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent la structure d'une attache volante selon l'invention. L'attache volante 8 comprend deux parois parallèles 15 et 16 verticales reliées par une paroi verticale 17. Les parois 15 et 16 comportent une encoche verticale 18 ouverte vers le haut et en forme de V. Une tige transversale 19 relie les deux parois 15 et 16 au voisinage de la base de l'encoche 18. La structure est telle que le centre de gravité G de l'attache volante 8 est situé entre la paroi d'extrémité verticale 17 et la tige 19.Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the structure of a flying fastener according to the invention. The flying fastener 8 comprises two parallel vertical walls 15 and 16 connected by a vertical wall 17. The walls 15 and 16 have a vertical notch 18 open upwards and in the shape of a V. A transverse rod 19 connects the two walls 15 and 16 in the vicinity of the base of the notch 18. The structure is such that the center of gravity G of the flying fastener 8 is located between the vertical end wall 17 and the rod 19.

Ainsi, en accrochant la tige 19 à l'aide d'un filin, et en tirant vers le haut, l'attache volante 8 a tendance à basculer dans le sens représenté par la flèche 20. La partie intérieure 21 de l'attache volante comprend d'une part une patte supérieure 22 en forme de crochet pour son accrochage à une pièce intermédiaire 9 et une surface postérieure 23 d'appui pour venir en appui contre une pièce intermédiaire 9.Thus, by hooking the rod 19 using a rope, and pulling upwards, the flying fastener 8 tends to tilt in the direction represented by the arrow 20. The inner part 21 of the flying fastener comprises on the one hand an upper tab 22 in the form of a hook for its attachment to an intermediate piece 9 and a rear support surface 23 for coming to bear against an intermediate piece 9.

La surface postérieure 23 comporte un ergot inférieur 24 destiné à s'engager dans un logement de la pièce intermédiaire 9, empêchant la translation directe vers le haut de l'attache volante 8; le dégagement de l'attache volante nécessite un basculement dans le sens de la flèche 20 suivi de la translation vers le haut.The rear surface 23 comprises a lower lug 24 intended to engage in a housing of the intermediate piece 9, preventing direct translation upwards of the flying fastener 8; the release of the flying fastener requires tilting in the direction of arrow 20 followed by translation upwards.

La patte supérieure 22 comporte une partie d'extrémité 22a inclinée, se raccordant à une partie 22b horizontale, comme le représente la figure, de sorte que l'attache volante s'accroche correctement sur la pièce intermédiaire 9, et se dégage aisément lors du basculement.The upper tab 22 has an inclined end portion 22a, which is connected to a horizontal portion 22b, as shown in the figure, so that the flying fastener hooks correctly onto the intermediate piece 9, and is easily released during the tilting.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 5 et 6, la pièce intermédiaire 9 comprend un tube vertical 25, comportant un orifice supérieur 26 pour l'introduction de la patte supérieure 22 de l'attache volante. Le tube 25 est solidaire d'une patte d'ancrage 10 s'étendant horizotalement pour être ancrée en pleine masse dans le béton. La face postérieure du tube 25 reçoit, en partie inférieure, une patte de fixation 27 percée de trous pour sa fixation à un montant 3 inférieur.In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, the intermediate piece 9 comprises a vertical tube 25, having an upper hole 26 for the introduction of the upper tab 22 of the flying fastener. The tube 25 is integral with an anchoring tab 10 extending horizontally to be anchored in full mass in the concrete. The rear face of the tube 25 receives, in the lower part, a fixing lug 27 pierced with holes for its fixing to a lower upright 3.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 7 et 8, la pièce intermédiaire est constituée par une tôle pliée en forme de U, formant deux parois verticales reliées par une paroi antérieure 28; on fixe une patte inférieure 27 reliant les deux parois latérales.In the embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8, the intermediate piece is constituted by a sheet folded in the shape of a U, forming two vertical walls connected by a front wall 28; a lower tab 27 is fixed connecting the two side walls.

Afin de pouvoir récupérer les attaches volantes 8, on doit prévoir un espace libre au-dessus de l'orifice 26 de la pièce intermédiaire 9. L'espace est délimité, dans sa partie supérieure, par la position supérieure 3a du montant en bois, positionnée dans le prolongement exact de la portion inférieure 3 de montant, comme le représente schématiquement la figure 5.In order to be able to recover the flying fasteners 8, a free space must be provided above the orifice 26 of the intermediate piece 9. The space is delimited, in its upper part, by the upper position 3a of the wooden upright, positioned in the exact extension of the portion lower 3 of amount, as shown schematically in Figure 5.

Lors de la pose de l'ossature, il s'avère nécessaire de maintenir correctement les portions supérieures 3a de montant. Cette adaptation se fait, selon l'invention, au moyen d'un élément de liaison récupérable représenté notamment sur les figures 1,9 et 10. L'élément de liaison récupérable 29 comporte deux parois parallèles latérales 30 et 31 d'écar­tement légèrement supérieur à la largeur des montants 3 de l'ossature. Lors de l'utilisation, la portion supérieure 3a de montant a été obtenue comme reliquat après sciage au bon niveau du montant 3. La portion supérieure 3a repose sur l'appui prévu dans l'élément de liaison récupérable. Elle est maintenue en position définitive par un ancrage situé dans la partie haute du voile en béton 1. Les parois 30 et 31 doivent permettre l'introduction des montants entre elles, tout en assurant un maintien correct des montants. Les parois latérales 30 et 31 sont reliées par deux traverses sensiblement horizontales, une traverse inférieure 32 destinée à reposer sur la tranche supérieure de la portion inférieure de montant 3, et une traverse supérieure 33 formant butée sur laquelle vient reposer l'extrémité inférieure de la portion supérieure 3a. L'écartement des traverses inférieure 32 et supé­rieure 33 est choisi de façon à permettre, entre elles, l'engagement de la pièce intermédiaire 9 et la réalisation d'un logement d'adaptation, ou espace suffisant au-dessus de la pièce intermédiaire 9 entre cette pièce et la traverse supérieure 33, pour l'engagement et le dégagement de l'attache volante 8. De préférence, la traverse supérieure 33 est légèrement inclinée vers l'arrière, comme le représente la figure 9. La figure représente également une lumière latérale 34 permettant d'engager un marteau pour clouer la traverse inférieure 32 sur le montant inférieur 3.When installing the framework, it is necessary to correctly maintain the upper portions 3a of the upright. This adaptation is done, according to the invention, by means of a recoverable connecting element shown in particular in Figures 1.9 and 10. The recoverable connecting element 29 has two parallel side walls 30 and 31 of slightly greater spacing to the width of the uprights 3 of the frame. During use, the upper portion 3a of the upright was obtained as a residue after sawing at the correct level of the upright 3. The upper portion 3a rests on the support provided in the recoverable connecting element. It is held in the final position by an anchor located in the upper part of the concrete wall 1. The walls 30 and 31 must allow the introduction of the uprights between them, while ensuring correct maintenance of the uprights. The side walls 30 and 31 are connected by two substantially horizontal crosspieces, a lower crosspiece 32 intended to rest on the upper edge of the lower upright portion 3, and an upper crosspiece 33 forming a stop on which the lower end of the upper portion 3a. The spacing of the lower 32 and upper 33 ties is chosen so as to allow, between them, the engagement of the intermediate piece 9 and the production of an adaptation housing, or sufficient space above the intermediate piece 9 between this part and the upper cross member 33, for engaging and disengaging the flying fastener 8. Preferably, the upper cross member 33 is slightly inclined towards the rear, as shown in FIG. 9. The figure also shows a lateral light 34 allowing a hammer to be engaged to nail the lower cross member 32 to the lower upright 3.

La traverse supérieure 33 se poursuit, sur la face postérieure, par une paroi verticale postérieure 35 obturant partiellement l'arrière de l'élément de liaison récupérable. Ainsi, la continuité de surface est assurée par le montant inférieur 3, la portion supérieure 3a de montant, et la paroi postérieure 35, pour assurer un maintien correct de l'isolant lors de la coulée de béton.The upper cross member 33 continues, on the rear face, by a rear vertical wall 35 partially closing the rear of the recoverable connecting element. Thus, the surface continuity is ensured by the lower upright 3, the upper upright portion 3a, and the rear wall 35, to ensure correct maintenance of the insulator during the pouring of concrete.

La face antérieure de l'élément de liaison comprend également une patte de liaison supérieure 36, reliant les deux parois 30 et 31, et dépassant de la face antérieure.The front face of the connecting element also includes an upper connecting lug 36, connecting the two walls 30 and 31, and projecting from the front face.

Lorsque l'ensemble des éléments est assemblé contre la banche 13, on dispose une banche intérieure, non représentée sur les figures, puis on coule le béton. Après la prise du béton, on peut alors enlever les banches, puis la console-pignon 5, et les attaches volantes 8. Les éléments de liaison 29 sont récupérés ultérieurement. On dispose ensuite la console-pignon 5 sur les pièces intermédiaires 9 de l'étage supérieur et on exécute le cycle suivant.When all of the elements are assembled against the panel 13, there is an inner panel, not shown in the figures, and then pouring concrete. After the setting of the concrete, the formwork can then be removed, then the pinion console 5, and the flying fasteners 8. The connecting elements 29 are recovered later. Then the pinion console 5 is placed on the intermediate parts 9 of the upper stage and the next cycle is executed.

La phase d'exécution du parement peut se dérouler de la façon suivante: pour certains types de parements, leur pose peut être envisagés simultanément à la première phase, en utilisant une nacelle suspendue sous la console-pignon.The siding execution phase can take place as follows: for certain types of siding, their installation can be envisaged simultaneously with the first phase, using a nacelle suspended under the gable console.

Selon une autre méthode de l'invention, lorsque la paroi est réalisée, on construit le parement extérieur de haut en bas, en le fixant contre les montants 3 de l'ossature. On réutilise, pour cela, des attaches volantes 8, introduites dans les mêmes pièces intermédiaires 9. On dispose des rails rigides verticaux tels que les rails rigides verticaux tels que les rails 36 de la figure 11. Les rails 36 sont accrochés aux attaches volantes supérieures 8. Pour cela, les attaches volantes comportent, comme le représente la figure 4, des éléments d'accrochage latéraux 37, par exemple en forme de U, l'extrémité supérieure des rails 36 ayant une forme permettant de les adapter dans les éléments d'accrochage 37. Les rails 36 passent à travers la structure de console-pignon 5: la console-pignon 5 comporte une traverse supérieure postérieure 38, passant à l'arrière du rail rigide 36, et une traverse postérieure inférieure 39 passant à l'avant du rail rigide 36. Ainsi, le rail interdit le basculement de la console-pignon vers le bas sous l'effet du poids qu'elle supporte. La console-pignon est, en outre, suspendue aux attaches volantes 8 par des filins 40 dont la longueur est réglable au moyen de treuils 41. La console-pignon 5 comporte, en outre des moyens d'accrochage escamotables 42 pour son accrochage direct à des attaches volantes 8. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures, les moyens d'accrochage escamotables 42 comprennent un profilé transversal 43 horizontal articulé sur la console-pignon par deux leviers latéraux 44, permettant un pivotement représenté par la flèche 45.According to another method of the invention, when the wall is produced, the exterior facing is constructed from top to bottom, by fixing it against the uprights 3 of the framework. For this purpose, fly-ties 8 are re-used, introduced into the same intermediate parts 9. There are vertical rigid rails such as the rigid vertical rails such as the rails 36 in FIG. 11. The rails 36 are hooked to the upper fly-ties 8. For this, the flying fasteners comprise, as shown in FIG. 4, lateral hooking elements 37, for example in the shape of a U, the upper end of the rails 36 having a shape allowing them to be adapted in the elements d 'hooking 37. The rails 36 pass through the console-pinion structure 5: the console-pinion 5 comprises a rear upper cross member 38, passing behind the rigid rail 36, and a lower rear cross member 39 passing through the front of the rigid rail 36. Thus, the rail prohibits the tilting of the pinion console downwards under the effect of the weight it supports. The pinion console is, moreover, suspended from the flying fasteners 8 by ropes 40, the length of which is adjustable by means of winches 41. The pinion console 5 furthermore comprises retractable hooking means 42 for its direct hooking to flying fasteners 8. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the retractable hooking means 42 comprise a horizontal transverse section 43 articulated on the pinion console by two lateral levers 44, allowing pivoting represented by the arrow 45.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif est le suivant: partant de l'at­tache volante supérieure 8, on dispose les rails rigides 36 verticalement comme le représente la figure, suspendus aux attaches volantes. La console-pignon est suspendue à l'attache volante 8 supérieure par le filin 40 dont l'extrémité est accrochée à la tige 19. La console-pignon peut descendre librement le long des rails 36. Lorsqu'elle atteint le niveau de la pièce intermédiaire 9a, on accroche l'attache volante inférieure 8a. La console-pignon peut être accrochée directement à cette attache volante inférieure 8a par les moyens d'accrochage escamotables 42 : on vient disposer le profilé transversal 43 au-dessus des encoches 18 des attaches volantes, puis on descend légèrement la passerelle pour engager le profilé dans les encoches 18. On peut alors décrocher le rail rigide 36 de l'attache volante supérieure 8, et l'accrocher à l'attache volante inférieure 8a. On accroche également le filin 40 à l'attache inférieure 8a, et on peut décrocher l'attache volante supérieure 8. On escamote ensuite les moyens d'accrochage escamotables 42, et la passerelle peut descendre, suspendue à l'attache volante inférieure 8a.The operation of the device is as follows: starting from the upper flying fastener 8, the rigid rails 36 are arranged vertically as shown in the figure, suspended from the flying fasteners. The pinion console is suspended from the upper flying fastener 8 by the rope 40, the end of which is hooked to the rod 19. The pinion console can descend freely along the rails 36. When it reaches the level of the intermediate piece 9a, the lower flying fastener 8a is hooked. The pinion console can be hooked directly to this lower flying fastener 8a by the retractable hooking means 42: the transverse profile 43 is placed above the notches 18 of the flying fasteners, then the gangway is lowered slightly to engage the profile in the notches 18. It is then possible to unhook the rigid rail 36 from the upper flying fastener 8, and hang it on the lower flying fastening 8a. The rope 40 is also hooked to the lower attachment 8a, and the upper flying attachment 8 can be unhooked. The retractable attachment means 42 are then retracted, and the gangway can descend, suspended from the lower flying attachment 8a.

Dans ce qui précède, on a supposé que l'ensemble constitué par l'ossature 3 et la structure d'isolation thermique 12 est constitué d'éléments séparés que l'on assemble sur le site. Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, il est également possible de réaliser à l'avance en usine une préfabrication complète de panneau comprenant l'isolant 4, l'ossature 3 destinée à recevoir le parement, et les différentes pièces décrites précé­demment, telles que les pattes de fixation 14 et les supports ancrables 9, et destinées à assurer l'ancrage de l'ensemble ainsi qu'à permettre le support de matériel de coffrage. Une telle préfabrication peut aussi avantageu­sement inclure les cadres destinés à recevoir toutes les menuiseries exté­rieures.In the foregoing, it has been assumed that the assembly constituted by the framework 3 and the thermal insulation structure 12 consists of separate elements which are assembled on site. According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, it is also possible to carry out in advance in the factory a complete prefabrication of panel comprising the insulation 4, the framework 3 intended to receive the facing, and the various parts described above, such as as the fixing lugs 14 and the anchorable supports 9, and intended to ensure the anchoring of the assembly as well as to allow the support of formwork material. Such prefabrication can also advantageously include frames intended to receive all exterior joinery.

La figure 12 représente, vue sous le même angle que la figure 1, une autre forme de réalisation de l'ensemble "ossature 3-structure d'isola­tion 12", qui permet à la fois d'obtenir une ventilation de la façade lui permettant de "respirer", ce qui lui assure une longue durée de vie, et de réaliser une isolation pariétodynamique du bâtiment, par exemple une isolation pariétodynamique telle que décrite dans la revue française "Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment", N° 76, Novembre 1985, page 72.FIG. 12 represents, seen from the same angle as FIG. 1, another embodiment of the "frame 3-insulation structure 12" assembly, which allows both to obtain ventilation of the facade allowing it to "breathe", which ensures it a long lifespan, and to achieve a parietodynamic insulation of the building, for example a parietodynamic insulation as described in the French review "Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment", N ° 76, November 1985, page 72.

Comme on le voit sur le dessin, la surface de la plaque isolante 4, qui est destinée à être en regard du parement, a une forme tourmentée par le fait qu'elle présente des reliefs, ici constitués par des picots 50 en saillie de forme parallélépipèdique. Ces reliefs 50 définissent entre eux des couloirs verticaux 51 et horizontaux 52 permettant la circulation d'air par convection, ce qui permet de créer une aération de la façade.As can be seen in the drawing, the surface of the insulating plate 4, which is intended to be facing the facing, has a tormented shape by the fact that it has reliefs, here constituted by studs 50 projecting in shape parallelepiped. These reliefs 50 define between them vertical 51 and horizontal corridors 52 allowing the circulation of air by convection, which makes it possible to create a ventilation of the facade.

Par ailleurs, en se reportant également aux figures 13 et 14, l'isolation représentée est agencée et munie de moyens permettant de réaliser une isolation pariétodynamigue du bâtiment. Dans ce but, des pièces spéciales 53, en acier inoxydable par exemple, sont fixées à intervalles réguliers sur des montants 3 de l'ossature. Ces pièces 53 sont conformées, comme représenté au dessin, de façon à recevoir en appui vertical chacune d'une part la lisse horizontale inférieure 54 d'un étage du bâtiment, et d'autre part la lisse horizontale supérieure 55 de l'étage du dessous. Comme on le voit nettement sur la figure 13, les pièces 53 permettent de positionner les deux lisses 54 et 55 de façon que la lisse 54 soit coincée entre la lisse 55 et un élément d'isolation 56, en polystyrène par exemple, et également de façon que la lisse 54 soit suffisamment décalée vers le haut par rapport à la lisse 55, elle-même surélevée par rapport à la rangée supérieure de picots 50, pour définir (voir aussi figure 14):

  • un couloir horizontal de ventilation 57, fermé sur le dessus et communiquant avec l'espace de convection 51, 52 de l'étage inférieur par un passage 58, la lisse 55 formant pour ceci une butée supérieure d'arrêt du courant d'air ascendant 59,
  • un autre couloir horizontal de ventilation 60, ouvert sur le dessus vers l'espace de ventilation par convection 51, 52 de l'étage supérieur.
Furthermore, also referring to FIGS. 13 and 14, the insulation shown is arranged and provided with means making it possible to achieve parietodynamic insulation of the building. For this purpose, special parts 53, in stainless steel for example, are fixed at regular intervals to the uprights 3 of the frame. These parts 53 are shaped, as shown in the drawing, so as to receive in vertical support each on the one hand the lower horizontal rail 54 of a floor of the building, and on the other hand the upper horizontal rail 55 of the floor of the below. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 13, the parts 53 allow the two healds 54 and 55 to be positioned so that the heald 54 is wedged between the heald 55 and an insulation element 56, made of polystyrene for example, and also of so that the heald 54 is sufficiently offset upward relative to the heald 55, itself raised relative to the upper row of pins 50, to define (see also FIG. 14):
  • a horizontal ventilation corridor 57, closed on the top and communicating with the convection space 51, 52 of the lower floor by a passage 58, the heald 55 forming for this an upper stop for stopping the ascending air flow 59,
  • another horizontal ventilation corridor 60, open on top towards the convection ventilation space 51, 52 of the upper floor.

Après la pose finale de la plaque de support parement 61 (figure 14), qui suivra le coulage du voile en béton 1, on voit que l'on pourra, par des ouvertures 62, aspirer selon 63 l'air frais extérieur au niveau inférieur d'un certain étage, le faire circuler de bas en haut selon les couloirs de convection 51, 52, le recueillir au niveau supérieur de cet étage dans le couloir horizontal 57, et l'injecter alors dans les différentes pièces de l'étage considéré à l'aide de perçages 64 pratiqués ou inclus dans le voile 1: en plus de l'aération de la façade, on a donc réalisé une isolation pariétodynamique à flux rentrant.After the final installation of the facing support plate 61 (FIG. 14), which will follow the pouring of the concrete veil 1, it can be seen that it is possible, through openings 62, to suck in fresh outside air according to 63 at the lower level. of a certain stage, circulate it from bottom to top according to the convection corridors 51, 52, collect it at the upper level of this stage in the horizontal corridor 57, and then inject it into the different rooms of the stage considered using holes 64 made or included in the veil 1: in addition to the ventilation of the facade, a parietodynamic insulation with reentry flow has therefore been produced.

On remarquera enfin sur la figure 12 que la structure isolante 4 présente, du côté regardant vers le futur voile en béton, des protubérances en formes de colonnes verticales 65 en queue d'aronde. Ces protubérances 65, qui peuvent tout aussi bien équiper la structure 4 de la figure 1, ont pour but d'aider à réaliser l'ancrage de la structure d'isolation 4 dans le béton, après la coulée de celui-ci. A remarquer également que les reliefs 5 permettent aussi de reporter les efforts de poussée du béton sur la banche dite "extérieure".Finally, it will be noted in FIG. 12 that the insulating structure 4 has, on the side looking towards the future concrete veil, protuberances in the form of vertical columns 65 in dovetail. These protrusions 65, which can equally well equip the structure 4 of FIG. 1, are intended to help achieve the anchoring of the insulation structure 4 in the concrete, after the latter has been poured. Note also that the reliefs 5 also make it possible to transfer the thrust forces of the concrete onto the so-called "external" form.

Enfin, pour maintenir la structure isolante lors de la coulée du béton, on prévoit des réglettes de renfort récupérables qui viennent s'encastrer, comme représenté à la figure 13 dans le couloir 57 et le passage 58.Finally, to maintain the insulating structure during the pouring of the concrete, recoverable reinforcing strips are provided which come fit, as shown in Figure 13 in the corridor 57 and the passage 58.

Dans tous les exemples décrits jusqu'à présent, on a supposé que la structure porteuse 1 était entièrement réalisée en béton. Cependant, il est fréquent _ en particulier pour les façades non porteuses des planchers _ que certaines parties de façades soient exécutées en éléments maçonnés. Un mur de façade peut donc être considéré comme étant en béton armé, au moins au niveau des dalles, et donc des chaînages de rive, le reste de la façade _ situé entre deux chaînages _ étant construit tant en béton armé qu'en éléments maçonnés, ou même totalement en éléments maçonnés.In all the examples described so far, it has been assumed that the supporting structure 1 is entirely made of concrete. However, it is frequent _ in particular for non-load-bearing facades of floors _ that certain parts of facades are executed in masonry elements. A facade wall can therefore be considered as reinforced concrete, at least at the level of the slabs, and therefore of the edge chaining, the rest of the facade _ located between two chaining _ being constructed both of reinforced concrete and of masonry elements , or even totally in masonry elements.

Dans ce cas, il faut adapter la structure d'isolation représentée par exemple sur la figure 12 pour assurer sa liaison avec la structure lourde intérieure. Les pattes d'ancrage 14, utilisées pour la solution avec béton, seront alors positionnées au droit des éléments en béton, et tout particuliè­rement au niveau des dalles 2, ou des chaînages en béton armé. Les supports 9 d'attaches volantes seront mis en place dans des zones similaires, c'est-à-dire ancrés dans du béton armé. Dans le cas de façades maçonnées, ils pourront servir pour la mise en place de passerelles de circulation lègéres, puisqu'il est alors inutile de prévoir des consoles-pignons pour supports de banches.In this case, it is necessary to adapt the insulation structure shown for example in FIG. 12 to ensure its connection with the interior heavy structure. The anchoring lugs 14, used for the solution with concrete, will then be positioned in line with the concrete elements, and in particular at the level of the slabs 2, or of the reinforced concrete chaining. The supports 9 for flying fasteners will be placed in similar zones, that is to say anchored in reinforced concrete. In the case of masonry facades, they can be used for the installation of light circulation walkways, since it is then unnecessary to provide gable consoles for support of formwork.

La figure 15 schématise un exemple d'application de l'invention a une structure porteuse 1 comportant des éléments maçonnés, par exemple des parpaings 67.FIG. 15 shows diagrammatically an example of application of the invention to a support structure 1 comprising masonry elements, for example concrete blocks 67.

De façon à assurer le maintien de l'ensemble de la structure isolante 68, qui dans cet exemple est par exemple celle représentée sur la figure 12, contre la structure porteuse 1, on a fixé préalablement, sur des montants verticaux 3, des pattes d'accrochage 69 équipées de crochets 70 (deux sortes de crochet sont représentés au dessin) venant agripper le parpaing par une de ses parois internes 71, 72, définissant ses alvéoles intérieures. Avantageusement, les crochets 70 sont en matière plastique, ce qui permet de réduire considérablement le pont thermique. On remarquera en outre que ces crochets jouent le rôle "d'écarteurs" permettant de maitriser l'écartement entre les parements bruts intérieurs et extérieurs.In order to maintain the whole of the insulating structure 68, which in this example is for example that shown in FIG. 12, against the support structure 1, lugs d have been previously fixed on vertical uprights 3. 'hooking 69 fitted with hooks 70 (two kinds of hook are shown in the drawing) gripping the breeze block by one of its internal walls 71, 72, defining its internal cells. Advantageously, the hooks 70 are made of plastic, which considerably reduces the thermal bridge. It will also be noted that these hooks play the role of "spacers" making it possible to control the spacing between the interior and exterior rough facing.

Dans le cas représenté au dessin, où les pattes 69 sont fixées définitivement aux montants 3 lors de la préfabrication, chaque patte comporte un élément 73 qui coulisse verticalement sur une distance h égale à la hauteur d'un parpaing 67 dans la partie 74 de la patte qui est déjà fixée au montant 3, de façon à permettre l'insertion de cet élément 73 entre deux lits d'éléments 67 à maçonner. Un coulisseau en matière plastique, non représenté, peut en outre assurer le blocage entre les éléments 73 et 74. A remarquer également que l'élément 73, étant monté de façon pivotante, est d'une grande souplesse d'utilisation.In the case shown in the drawing, where the legs 69 are permanently fixed to the uprights 3 during the prefabrication, each leg has an element 73 which slides vertically over an equal distance h at the height of a concrete block 67 in the part 74 of the tab which is already fixed to the upright 3, so as to allow the insertion of this element 73 between two beds of elements 67 to be built. A plastic slide, not shown, can also ensure locking between the elements 73 and 74. Note also that the element 73, being pivotally mounted, is very flexible in use.

En variante, non représentée au dessin, la fixation de la patte 69 peut être faite à partir de l'extérieur, lors de la mise en oeuvre du support de parement 61. Celle-ci est alors mise en place, au cours de la phase de préfabrication des panneaux, simplement introduite entre deux panneaux d'isolant, ou insérée sur le chantier si les qualités mécaniques de l'isolant le permettent, avec possibilité de déplacement vertical: la patte peut ainsi être déplacée, lors du montage de la maçonnerie pour reposer, par l'inter­médiaire d'une surface plane horizontale sur le plan supérieur horizontal du parpaing creux ou autre élément de maçonnerie. Elle comportera aussi des moyens 70 qui permettront de s'insérer et de se bloquer contre et/ou entre les cloisons composant les alvéoles des éléments maçonnés.Alternatively, not shown in the drawing, the fixing of the tab 69 can be made from the outside, during the implementation of the facing support 61. This is then put in place, during the phase for prefabrication of the panels, simply inserted between two insulation panels, or inserted on site if the mechanical qualities of the insulation allow it, with the possibility of vertical displacement: the tab can thus be moved, during the assembly of the masonry for rest, by means of a horizontal flat surface on the horizontal upper plane of the hollow block or other masonry element. It will also include means 70 which will allow insertion and locking against and / or between the partitions making up the cells of the masonry elements.

On remarquera finalement que l'isolation d'un seul tenant 68 peut servir, moyennant adaptation, de banche pour le béton. De même, la banche 13 de la figure 2 peut être remplacée par un panneau résistant 61 restant alors en place, l'invention n'étant d'une manière générale bien évidemment pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits.Finally, it will be noted that the insulation in one piece 68 can serve, with adaptation, as a sheet for the concrete. Likewise, the panel 13 of FIG. 2 can be replaced by a resistant panel 61 then remaining in place, the invention generally being obviously not limited to the exemplary embodiments which have just been described.

Claims (19)

1. Method for erecting walls insulated at the exterior and having a facing fitting a framework (3), of the type having two successive phases, these being a first phase during which the bearing structure (1) and the framework (3) intended to receive the facing of the wall, with a thermal insulating structure (12) are completed, and a second phase during which the framework is covered with a facing surface, characterized in that the first phase includes a series of cycles each of which has the following stages:
- installing a framework having uprights (3), positioned against a facing support (13, 61) resting on a platform (5), the uprights (3) being equipped with means of fixing (14, 65) penetrating the interior and intended to anchor them fully in a mass of concrete, forming the bearing structure (1);
- fixing anchorable supports (8, 9) of the platform (5);
- installing the thermal insulator (4);
- completing the construction of the bearing structure (1).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixing of the anchorable supports (8, 9) of the platform (5) is carried out by inserting, at rightangles to certain uprights which are interrupted for this purpose, a connecting component (9) having an anchoring lug (10), intended to be immersed in the concrete of the bearing structure (1), the connecting component (9) having in addition means (27) for fixing to the lower part of the upright (3), and a housing fitting a removable flying attachment (8) of the platform (5).
3. Method according to either of Claims 1 or 2, of the type according to which at least a part of the bearing structure (1) is completed with pieces of masonry (67), characterized in that in addition the said framework (3) is fixed to at least certain of the said pieces of masonry, by means of at least one fixing lug (69), each of which is fixed to the framework (3) and grips firmly one of the said pieces of masonry (67).
4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that fixing mechanisms (70) are used which in addition are adjustable for their vertical position.
5. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the said framework (3) and the said thermal insulating structure (12) are completed at the same time in the form of prefabricated sections.
6. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface of the said thermal insulating structure (12) against which the facing is to be placed is given a contorted appearance owing to its having uneven contours (50) allowing the delimiting between the said structure and the facing of one or several circuits (51, 52) for the circulation of air.
7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that the shape of the said thermal insulating structure (12) is combined with at least a part of the constituent components (54, 55) of the said framework in order to achieve parietodynamic insulation.
8. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when the facing is completed, the facing is constructed from the top downwards by gradually lowering the exterior platform (5) fixed to the wall by means of the removable flying attachments (8).
9. Device for putting into practice the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it includes a platform (5) holding a facing support (13,61) against which is installed a framework (3), connecting components (9) each having an anchoring lug (10) in the mass of concrete and a main part (25), each connecting component (9) being intended to be inserted at rightanples to an upright of the framework between two successive parts (3, 3a) of the latter, and being equipped with means (27) allowing its fixing to the lower part of the said upright of the framework (3), together with means of fixing (26) for a removable flying attachment (8) of the platform (5).
10. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the main part (25) is tubular, and has an upper opening (26) to receive a fixing lug (22) of the flying attachment (8) and a front surface defining a supporting structure to receive the rear surface (23) of the flying attachment.
11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the flying attachment (8) has, on its rear surface (23), a lower snug (24) which engages in a housing in the tubular main part (25) of the connecting component (9), preventing the vertical lifting of the flying attachment (8), so that release requires the tilting of the flying attachment (a) around it: fixing lug (22), followed by its lifting.
12. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it includes in addition means (29 to 33) for defining a housing surmounting the upper opening (26) of the connecting component (9), allowing clearance of the fixing lug (22) for fixing and release of the flyinp attachment (8).
13. Device according to Claim 12, characterized in that the means for defining the upper housing include a recoverable linking component (29) having two parallel lateral walls (30, 31) separated by a distance slightly greater than the width of the uprights (3) of the framework, forming guides for the upper parts (3a) of the uprights, and linked by two crosspieces (32, 33) one of which (32) allows fixing to the end of the lower part (3) of the upright and the other (33) forms a stop against which rests the upper part (3a) of the upright, the defined upper housing for receiving the flying attachment being blocked at the rear by a wall (35) so as to ensure continuous holding of the insulator when the concrete is poured.
14. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized in that it includes fixing lugs (14) having plates (14a) intended to fit an upright (3), the plate (14a) being shaped so as to ensure that the thermal insulator is held.
15. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that:
- the flying attachments (8) are equipped with means for guiding (37) and fixing for rigid rails (36);
- there are retractable connectors (42) for fixing the platform (5) by flying attachments (8).
- there are cables (40) and winches (41) for adjusting the suspension of the platform (5) on flying attachments (a).
16. Device according to any one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it has means (53) for wedging a lower girder (54) of one storey behind the upper girder (55) of the storey immediately below, so that the said lower girder (54) is sufficiently offset upwards in relation to the said upper girder (55) to delimit a horizontal ventilation passage closed at the top (57), the said means allowing in addition the positioning of the said upper girder (55) so that it stops air circulating by convection (59) and diverts it towards the said horizontal passage (57), and the vertical offsetting of the two girders (55, 54) being in addition such as to define with the facing (61) another horizontal ventilation passage (60) open at the top towards the convection space located between the insulating structure of the said storey and the facing, openings (62, 64) in the facing (61) and the bearing structure (1) thus allowing parietodynamic insulation to be ensured.
17. Device according to Claim 16, characterized in that it has a removable reinforcement (66) which is inserted in the said passage closed at the top (57) and intended to hold the insulating structure during the phase in which the concrete is poured.
18. Device according to any one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is equipped with means to allow fixing lugs (69) to be fixed to the framework from the exterior.
19. Device according to any one of Claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is equipped with fixing mechanism (70) for fixing a binder to the framework (3).
EP86420141A 1985-06-07 1986-06-02 Method and device for erecting walls insulated at the exterior Expired - Lifetime EP0208626B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86420141T ATE61077T1 (en) 1985-06-07 1986-06-02 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BUILDING EXTERNAL INSULATED FAÇADES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8509108A FR2583087B1 (en) 1985-06-07 1985-06-07 PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR BUILDING REINFORCED CONCRETE FACADES INSULATED WITH A COVERING FIXED ON A FRAMEWORK
FR8509108 1985-06-07

Publications (2)

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EP0208626A1 EP0208626A1 (en) 1987-01-14
EP0208626B1 true EP0208626B1 (en) 1991-02-27

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EP86420141A Expired - Lifetime EP0208626B1 (en) 1985-06-07 1986-06-02 Method and device for erecting walls insulated at the exterior

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US (1) US4703604A (en)
EP (1) EP0208626B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE61077T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1307128C (en)
DE (1) DE3677650D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2583087B1 (en)

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US7661231B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2010-02-16 Michael E. Dalton Concrete building system and method
US20060032166A1 (en) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-16 Devalapura Ravi K High strength composite wall panel system
US7584587B2 (en) * 2007-03-02 2009-09-08 Tropical Star, Inc. Apparatus for aiding in the installation and sealing of siding
ES2864599T3 (en) 2011-09-30 2021-10-14 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital Llc Method of forming a mesh from fibrous materials
CA2809080C (en) 2012-03-14 2017-03-07 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Mounting arrangement for panel veneer structures
US8800241B2 (en) 2012-03-21 2014-08-12 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Backup wall reinforcement with T-type anchor
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US8739485B2 (en) 2012-06-28 2014-06-03 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Low profile pullout resistant pintle and anchoring system utilizing the same
CN103748296A (en) * 2012-08-17 2014-04-23 大宝豪星株式会社 Lightweight stone thermal insulation panel, and construction method for exterior thermally insulating wall using same
US8898980B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2014-12-02 Mitek Holdings, Inc. Pullout resistant pintle and anchoring system utilizing the same
US8839581B2 (en) 2012-09-15 2014-09-23 Mitek Holdings, Inc. High-strength partially compressed low profile veneer tie and anchoring system utilizing the same
US8881488B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2014-11-11 Mitek Holdings, Inc. High-strength ribbon loop anchors and anchoring systems utilizing the same
US9038351B2 (en) 2013-03-06 2015-05-26 Columbia Insurance Company Thermally coated wall anchor and anchoring systems with in-cavity thermal breaks for cavity walls
US8863460B2 (en) * 2013-03-08 2014-10-21 Columbia Insurance Company Thermally coated wall anchor and anchoring systems with in-cavity thermal breaks
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US9038350B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2015-05-26 Columbia Insurance Company One-piece dovetail veneer tie and wall anchoring system with in-cavity thermal breaks
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US9273461B1 (en) 2015-02-23 2016-03-01 Columbia Insurance Company Thermal veneer tie and anchoring system
USD846973S1 (en) 2015-09-17 2019-04-30 Columbia Insurance Company High-strength partition top anchor
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2583087A1 (en) 1986-12-12
CA1307128C (en) 1992-09-08
ATE61077T1 (en) 1991-03-15
FR2583087B1 (en) 1987-08-07
DE3677650D1 (en) 1991-04-04
EP0208626A1 (en) 1987-01-14
US4703604A (en) 1987-11-03

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