EP3688240B1 - Construction system for a building module - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a construction system for a module of a building, in particular a dwelling or a garage, the main elements of which are made of plastic material.

It is already known from the state of the art for packaging products to create assemblies made of essentially plastic material. WO0212077 describes a molded plastic bottle having connection means so that the bottle can be connected to another bottle side by side by connection means such as dovetails. The bottles can also be assembled on top of each other, thus making it possible to produce assemblies of bottles.

We also know WO2012045061 which describes devices and containers that are expandable, modular, and laterally and vertically interlockable with other like containers for a variety of applications.

We also know individuals who have undertaken and carried out constructions such as houses based on plastic bottles and most of the time the bottles are placed horizontally.

Traditional construction systems, based on bricks for example, are also known and very widespread, however, the cost of construction remains high.

In addition, the applicant has filed a patent application, number CH707115 , for a bottle capable of being assembled with others in order to achieve a construction. These bottles have a shape with a male/female frustoconical part.

The applicant has also filed another patent application, number CH708086 , for a bottle comprising at its upper part a male cylindrical double neck comprising first mechanical coupling means operable by rotation. The lower part of the bottle comprises a double cylindrical neck comprising second operable mechanical coupling means by rotation and complementary to said first mechanical actuation means. The upper part of a bottle can be coupled to the lower part of another bottle by the double action of the male and female necks in order to bring the respective bearing surfaces into contact. The bottle has at its periphery at least one longitudinal female opening for inserting an intermediate rod, said rod serving as a link between two bottles arranged one beside the other or between a bottle and another element of longitudinal female opening construction.

These two patent applications are based on the assembly of bottles of a particular shape in order to produce a rigid structure with increased rigidity and improved sealing where appropriate.

WO2016016706 describes a construction system comprising a set of accessory elements and a set of elongated bodies intended to produce a construction by assembling a plurality of said bodies with accessory elements. The elongated body comprises a front face and a rear face, flat and opposite, an upper face and a lower face, flat and opposite, and two opposite side faces. At least one of said two lateral faces has a recessed part, in particular a curvature on its central part. Each body can be assembled with another body, by their side faces between them and/or by the assembly of a lower face of a body on the upper face of another body and/or by the assembly of a side face of a body with the front or back face of another body. The accessory elements are elongated parts which are inserted between and in contact with the recessed parts of the two elongated bodies assembled face to face, and which extend over all or over a substantial part of the height of the elongated bodies. The elongated parts define on their own, in the case of hollow elongated parts or by cooperation of these elongated parts with face-to-face recessed parts of the elongated bodies, a central space located between and in the middle of the recessed parts of the elongated bodies. The elongated pieces further define lateral spaces between the side faces of the recessed portions of the elongated bodies on either side of the elongated pieces.

EP0320745A1 And EP1321592A1 describe construction systems whose main elements are made of plastic materials comprising beams of rectangular section with sections of different shapes.

In addition, construction systems composed of plastic parts are known but which are intended for the construction of scale models.

The present invention makes it possible to produce a construction system for a module of a building, the main elements of which are made of plastic material, in particular recycled plastic material, allowing robust construction in a very simple and very rapid manner.

According to the invention, this object is achieved thanks to a construction system for a module of a building, in particular a dwelling or a garage, the main elements of which are made of plastic material, comprising a set of main beams extruded from hollow profile , of elongated rectilinear shape, of uniform rectangular section and of adequate length. These main beams can be assembled end-to-end to form a rectangular or cubic open structure in the form of a rectangular or cubic frame in 3 dimensions. The construction system further comprises a plurality of intermediate secondary beams, which can be assembled between parallel and opposite main beams of a rectangular frame, and a plurality of flat facade elements insertable against each other between two adjacent parallel beams , each external or internal facade element comprising a rectangular flat plate provided with two opposite folded edges intended to be hooked with adjacent parallel beams.

In the inventive system, each main beam of rectangular section has on its four sides a projection parallel to the side and spaced from a part of the side disposed towards its central part, leaving towards each corner of the main beam an opening to receive a folded edge of a flat facade element.

Each secondary beam comprises at least on two opposite faces at least one projection leaving an opening to receive a folded edge of a flat facade element.

Preferably, the parallel projections on each side of the rectangular section of each main beam extend below the adjacent side of the rectangular section. Also, each main beam preferably comprises on each side two projections parallel to the side and spaced from it, the two projections being divided by a central opening.

In one embodiment, the secondary beams comprise a central hollow core, preferably square, and projections extending on either side of this hollow core to define on each side at least one opening to receive the folded edge of a facade element. Preferably, each side of the hollow core of a secondary beam comprises a central projection bordered by two lateral projections defining between them two openings to receive the folded edge of a flat facade element. In one embodiment, the two lateral projections comprise at their outer end an edge folded outwards and set back relative to the outer end of the central projection by a distance which corresponds to the thickness of a facade element flat. Optionally, the other edges of the hollow core comprise reinforcing sections.

In the inventive system the main beams can be joined by means of corner pieces placed between the adjacent ends of the main beams. These corner pieces may include a square section rod, shorter than the main beams, and insertable into the end of a first main beam. One end of this rod has a longitudinal groove in the center of each face of the square rod and intended to receive a projection on a junction element which can be inserted into the end of a second main beam which can be assembled end-to-end with the first .

Each rectangular open structure in the shape of a 3-dimensional rectangular frame can be a building module that can be assembled with another module, each module is between 2.5m and 4.5m in side length and width and between 2.5m and 3.5 m in height.

Optionally, the flat facade elements have extractable areas in their flat plates to create openings.

In one embodiment, the outer and inner flat facade elements comprising two flat plates spaced apart from each other to form a formwork. The plates can be screwed, riveted or glued to the main beams and secondary beams.

For more rigidity, each beam and optionally the formwork of each facade element is filled with a substance intended to solidify its structure, for example earth mixed with a hardening resin, cement, concrete, rammed earth or any other hardening substance, or even a porous material such as rigid foam.

Preferably, and for ecological reasons, the construction system is made from recycled plastic materials.

1. a. Au moins un module de construction formé d'un cadre rectangulaire ou cubique en trois dimensions de poutres principales,
2. b. Un assemblage de poutres secondaire entre et parallèles aux poutres principales parallèles, et
3. c. Un assemblage d'éléments de façade plats insérés entre deux poutres parallèles, les bords repliés des éléments de façades venant s'insérer dans lesdites ouvertures parallèles.

The invention also relates to an assembly of a construction module of a building constructed from a construction system according to all its variants described, the assembly comprising:

1. To. At least one construction module formed from a three-dimensional rectangular or cubic frame of main beams,
2. b. A secondary beam connection between and parallel to the parallel main beams, and
3. vs. An assembly of flat facade elements inserted between two parallel beams, the folded edges of the facade elements being inserted into said parallel openings.

In a variant of this assembly, secondary beams are arranged vertically, parallel to and between the main vertical beams, and the facade elements are placed one on top of the other between two vertical parallel beams.

With such an assembly, when corner assembly elements are sealed to the ground, the flat facade elements resist wind at least up to 160 kg/m2, support ground loads at least up to 224 kg/m2 and withstand loads on the upper part of the module at least up to 107 kg/m2.

When a second construction module is arranged on a first construction module, the assembly elements at the corner of the first construction module being sealed to the ground, the flat facade elements resist wind at least up to 182 kg/m2, support floor loads at least up to 224 kg/m2 and the flat facade elements of the second module support loads on the upper part of said second module at least up to 107 kg/m2.

With these assemblies, the upper part of the module of a dwelling can be made watertight, either by mounting the flat facade elements or by positioning a tarpaulin on which can be applied a polymerizing resin making said tarpaulin rigid and waterproof.

In another embodiment, the upper part of the module of a dwelling can be made watertight, by adding a conventional roof.

Said assembly usually constitutes an element of a building, among others, a garage, a house. Therefore, the invention also covers a building, in particular a building, among others a house or a garage, comprising such an assembly.

• La figure 1 représente une vue en perspective partielle d'une poutre principale ;
• La figure 2 représente une vue en perspective partielle d'une poutre secondaire ;
• La figure 3 représente une vue en perspective d'une pièce de jonction de poutres principales;
• La figure 4A représente une vue en perspective d'une pièce de jonction non assemblée entre une poutre principale et une poutre secondaire ;
• La figure 4B représente une vue en perspective de la figure 4A assemblée ;
• La figure 5 représente une vue en perspective d'un élément de façade ;
• La figure 6 représente une vue en perspective d'une pièce de jonction d'une poutre principale par exemple horizontale et d'une autre pièce de jonction sur une poutre principale par exemple verticale ;
• La figure 7 représente une vue en perspective d'un élément de finition agençable sur une pièce de jonction de poutres principales ;
• La figure 8 représente une vue en perspective partielle de l'assemblage d'un module de construction selon la présente invention ;
• La figure 9 représente une vue en perspective d'un module de construction sans la partie supérieure ; et
• La figure 10 représente deux modules d'habitation selon la présente invention superposées l'un sur l'autre et dotés de fenêtres et d'une porte.

The characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of several embodiments given solely by way of example, in no way limiting with reference to the schematic figures, in which:

• There figure 1 shows a partial perspective view of a main beam;
• There picture 2 shows a partial perspective view of a secondary beam;
• There picture 3 shows a perspective view of a main beam junction piece;
• There figure 4A shows a perspective view of an unassembled junction piece between a main beam and a secondary beam;
• There figure 4B shows a perspective view of the figure 4A assembly ;
• There figure 5 represents a perspective view of a facade element;
• There figure 6 shows a perspective view of a connecting part of a main beam, for example horizontal, and of another connecting part on a main beam, for example vertical;
• There figure 7 shows a perspective view of a finishing element that can be fitted to a main beam junction piece;
• There figure 8 shows a partial perspective view of the assembly of a building module according to the present invention;
• There figure 9 shows a perspective view of a construction module without the upper part; And
• There figure 10 shows two housing modules according to the present invention superposed one on the other and provided with windows and a door.

A module of a dwelling as shown in figure 9 whose main elements are made of plastic material comprises a set of main extruded beams 1 of hollow profile, of elongated rectilinear shape, of uniform section and of adequate length. These main beams 1 can be assembled end-to-end to form a rectangular open structure in the form of a 3-dimensional rectangular frame. A plurality of intermediate secondary beams 11 can be assembled between parallel and opposite main beams 1 of a rectangular frame. The module comprises a plurality of flat facade elements 3 which can be inserted one against the other between two adjacent parallel beams 1, 11, each facade element 3 comprising a rectangular flat plate provided with two opposite folded edges 3A, 3B ( Fig. 5 ) intended to come to hang with adjacent parallel beams 1.11.

As shown in figure 1 , each main beam 1 has a rectangular section comprising on its four sides one or two projections 21 parallel to the side and spaced from a side part disposed towards its central part, leaving towards each corner of the main beam 1 an opening 22 to receive a folded edge 3A, 3B ( Fig. 5 ) of a flat facade element 3 ( Fig. 5 ). The parallel projections 21 on each side of the rectangular section of each main beam 1 extend below the adjacent side of the rectangular section. In the execution illustrated, each main beam 1 comprises on each side two projections 21 parallel to the side and spaced from it, the two projections 21 being divided by a central opening 30.

As shown in picture 2 , each secondary beam 11 has on two opposite faces projections 23 leaving an opening 24 to receive a folded edge 3A, 3B ( Fig. 5 ) of a flat facade element 3 ( Fig.5 ). The secondary beams 11 comprise a central hollow core 25, square, and projections 23 extending on either side of this hollow core 25 to define on each side an opening 24 to receive the folded edge of a facade element. flat. Each side of the hollow core of a secondary beam 11 comprises a central projection bordered by two lateral projections 23 defining between them two openings 24 to receive the folded edge of a flat facade element. In one embodiment, the two lateral projections 23 comprise at their outer end an edge folded outwards and set back relative to the outer end of the central projection by a distance which corresponds to the thickness of an element of flat facade. In this execution, the other edges of the hollow core comprise reinforcing sections.

As shown in figure 3 , 4A , 4B , 6 And 7 , corner pieces 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D make it possible to assemble the main beams together and with secondary beams.

For example, as shown in picture 3 , the corner piece 2A is a junction piece used to connect the main beams together by means of the other corner pieces 2C ( figure 6 ). The corner piece 2A has a square section rod 4, shorter than the main beams, and insertable into the end of a first main beam. One end of this rod has a longitudinal groove 5 in the center of each face of the square rod 4 intended to receive a projection on a junction element 2C ( figure 6 ) insertable in opening 5 ( Fig. 3 ) of a second main beam that can be assembled end-to-end with the first.

In this example, this corner piece 2A is intended to be positioned vertically and the main beams which are connected to this corner piece 2A rest on a retaining ring 6.

THE figures 4A and 4B illustrate parts ensuring the junction between a main beam and a secondary beam. This junction piece is broken down into three parts, a lower part 7 which connects a main vertical beam to a central part 8 comprising two projections intended to be inserted into a secondary beam. Finally, another retaining ring 9 is fitted between the central part 8 and the secondary beam. Moreover, the space 10 created in this junction piece 2B makes it possible in particular to be able to integrate electric cables or other pipes and a ventilation system which will emerge in the opposite side of the secondary beam at the same place, namely in the space 10 of another connecting piece 2B.

It is obvious that the construction module as illustrated in figure 9 requires openings in order to be used. Thus, either it is possible to leave free the total space occupied by a plate 3, for example using means for holding the plates 3 in position adjacent to the opening, or else the plate 3 comprises extractable zones to create openings.

As shown in figure 10 , two construction modules are superimposed on each other. In this example, when the corner connectors of the first building module are sealed to the ground, the plates 3 resist wind up to 182 kg/m2, the bottom plates 3 support ground loads up to 224 kg/m2. m2 and the upper plates 3 of the second module support loads on the upper part of said second module up to 107 kg/m2.

The upper housing module has four openings that act as a window. Two small windows 18 are created by cutting out two compartments on another plate 3'. Two large windows 19 are for example created by cutting out two compartments on two other plates 3 mounted one on the other. The lower housing module has a large opening 20 serving as a door and two small openings 18 serving as a window. The door 20 is for example created by cutting out two adjacent compartments 13 on four other plates mounted one above the other. In this example, even if not visible, the common plates 3 between the bottom module and the top module also have openings between the two modules. In another version not shown, an external staircase can provide access to the upper housing module.

Thanks to the system of the present invention, it is possible to associate modules one above the other but also one beside the other. The assembly of corner pieces 2A, 2C ( fig 3 And fig 6 ) and main beams 1 makes it possible to assemble housing modules in six directions, i.e. according to the six sides of a rectangular housing module, and this with a minimum of parts insofar as the corner parts 2A, 2C make it possible to ensure a junction between two building modules without other intermediate parts.

For more comfort, the plates 3 spaced apart from each other form a formwork allowing the integration of an insulating material. It is also envisaged to integrate electrical cables and piping and incidentally a tank. The piping can be used both to transport water to a water point located in said dwelling and to evacuate waste water outside of said dwelling.

The upper part of the module of a dwelling is always sealed either by a special assembly of the plates or, in an example not illustrated, by the positioning of a tarpaulin on which can be applied a polymerizing resin making said tarpaulin rigid and impermeable. Such a structure is made using beams and columns. Each post and beam has holes, in particular such as those where screws are inserted, in which are enquiller tubes of section corresponding to the holes. These tubes are of sufficiently long length to form a structure that overflows the housing module sufficiently to adjust the slope of a roof or a roof overhang depending on the geographic location of said housing module. Thus, once this structure for the roof has been made, one or more tarpaulins, possibly solar, can be laid out and stretched as one stretches a marquee, for example.

Once the tarpaulin has been stretched and shaped, it is necessary to proceed with the application of a transparent or colored resin, for example with a brush or a spray gun, on the interior or exterior part of the tarpaulin. One then obtains after polymerization a shell of fine but rigid and resistant resin and easily repairable.

In another version not shown, the upper part of the housing module can be planted.

In the example illustrated, the construction module comprises four secondary beams per face, but in other variants, each module can comprise three or even two secondary beams.

A housing module according to the present invention has the advantage of being easy and quick to assemble and is so robust that it complies with the standards on load-bearing structures such as the EN1991 standard.

In all executions, plastic material should be understood as any material that can be recycled (HDPE, LDPE, PP, PET, PS, ABS, etc.). Of course, it is quite possible to use non-recycled plastic

Whether the plastic material is recycled or not, the elements of the housing modules will be manufactured in such a way as to be strong enough to support loads specific to housing. Thus, during their manufacture, the parts may include specific products or techniques that promote their rigidity.

Claims (12)

1. A construction system for a building module, in particular a dwelling or a garage, whose main elements are made of a plastic, comprising:

   - a set of extruded main beams (1) of hollow section, of elongate rectilinear shape, having a uniform rectangular cross-section and being of adequate length;

   - said main beams (1) being adapted to be abutted in order to form a rectangular open structure in the shape of a 3-dimensional rectangular frame;

   - a plurality of intermediate secondary beams (11), which are adapted to be assembled between parallel and opposite main beams (1) of a rectangular frame;

   - a plurality of flat facade elements (3), the flat facade elements (3) being insertable one against another between two adjacent parallel beams (1, 11), each facade element (3) including a rectangular flat plate provided having two folded opposite edges (3A) for hooking engagement with adjacent parallel beams (1, 11);

   characterized in that:

   - each main beam (1), rectangular in cross-section, comprises on four sides thereof, a projection (21) parallel to a side and spaced from a portion of the side situated towards the central portion thereof, leaving an opening (22) towards each corner of the main beam (1) to receive a folded edge (3A) of a flat facade element (3);

   - each secondary beam (11) comprising at least on two opposite faces, a projection (23) leaving an opening (24) to receive a folded edge (3A) of a flat facade element (3);

   and in that:

   - the main beams (1) are assembled by means of corner parts (2A, 2C) located between the adjacent ends of the main beams (1) in order to be able to combine construction modules side by side with one another and/or one on top of the other in six directions.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the parallel projections on each side of the rectangular section of each main beam extend beyond the adjacent side of the rectangular section.
3. The system according to either of claims 1 or 2, wherein each main beam includes on each side, two projections parallel to the side and spaced from a portion of the side located towards the central part thereof, the two projections being divided by a central opening.
4. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary beams (11) comprise a central hollow core, having preferably a square shape, and projections extending on either side of said hollow core, thus defining on each side, at least one opening (24) for receiving the folded edge (3B) of a flat facade element (3).
5. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each open rectangular structure in the shape of a 3-dimensional rectangular frame constitutes a construction module which can be assembled with another module, each module measuring between 2.5m and 4.5m in length on a side and in width and between 2.5m and 3.5m in height.
6. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the flat facade elements (3) include, in their flat plates, removable areas to create openings.
7. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the flat facade elements (3) comprising two flat plates spaced from each other to form a formwork.
8. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the construction system is made from plastic materials, preferably from recycled plastic materials.
9. An assembly of a building construction module constructed from a construction system according to any of claims 1 to 8, the assembly comprising:

   a. at least one construction module formed of a three-dimensional rectangular frame of main beams (1);

   b. an assembly of secondary beams (11) between parallel main beams (1); and

   c. an assembly of flat facade elements (3) inserted between two parallel beams (1, 11), the folded edges of the facade elements being inserted into said openings (24).
10. The assembly according to claim 9, wherein secondary beams (11) are placed vertically, parallel to and between vertical main beams (1), and the facade elements (3) are placed one on top of the other between two vertical parallel beams (1, 11).
11. The assembly according to either of claims 9 or 10, wherein each beam (1, 11), and optionally the formwork of each facade element (3), is filled with a substance for reinforcing the structure thereof.
12. A construction, in particular a building, for instance a house or a garage, comprising an assembly according to any of claims 9 to 11.

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