FR2725742A1 - PLANT WALL ELEMENT AND PLANT WALL CONSISTING OF A PLURALITY OF SUCH ELEMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

A building element (10) for a wall intended to be lined with vegetation, having the form of a bottomless container and comprising two longitudinal walls (11, 12) and two transverse walls (13, 14) extending between these walls longitudinal cells, and vertical cells (15, 16) capable of acting as permanent formwork, characterized in that at least one of the longitudinal walls is inclined upward and outward and each vertical cell is formed in one transverse walls, each vertical cell having a narrow end (A) and a wide end (B), such that the total section of the narrow end is less than the inner section of the wide end.

Description

The invention relates to the construction of walls

  plants, i.e. walls of any height (even

  not constantly constant, for example for aesthetic purposes) and in which one wishes to be able to put earth (or an equivalent material) to grow vegetation there, for decorative purposes and / or for protective purposes

phonic or thermal.

  Construction elements for such plant walls have already been proposed, in particular in the documents

  FR-2.637.302, EP-0.322.667 or FR-2.641.296.

  However, these solutions have a certain

number of drawbacks.

  Thus, for example, document FR-2,637,302 which provides for complex construction elements, with multiple internal spaces, some of which can serve as lost formwork, proves incapable of allowing the manufacture of vertical walls by superposition of similar elements. The superposition of these construction elements necessarily induces an inclination of the stack. On the other hand, this document which proposes a multitude of small separate areas of land does not allow the planting of important plants. The multiple walls delimiting the various internal spaces have a sound reverberation effect which harms the noise canceling function of the earth. It is not possible to set up a

  horizontal irrigation; and in case of accident or vanda-

  lism the repair of a building element involves

  redo all or part of the inclined wall considered.

  The solution proposed by document EP-0.322.667 turns out to lead to a fragmentation of the total mass of earth likely to carry vegetation such that the anti-noise function is weak, the size of the plants is necessarily limited and maintenance various small masses of earth and plants located there becomes heavy and complex. Document FR-2.641.296 proposes a

  self-locking support for landscaped and / or anti-backfill

  noise. This tank has two transverse walls, a vertical rear wall and an inclined front wall. However, this solution necessarily leads to an inclination towards

  the back of the wall consisting of a superposition of such bins.

  On the other hand, the free surface likely to see the development of vegetation remains minute. Finally, nothing is provided to ensure substantial stiffening of the

  various components of the wall.

  The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks

mentioned above.

  In particular, its purpose is to allow

  as easy and inexpensive as possible to build it

  tion of vertical plant walls (without therefore having to provide an inclination on one side or the other) and therefore likely to reach, in a stable manner, significant heights. It also aims to allow effective stiffening of such walls. It also aims to make accessible, in particular to light, large areas of soil liable to contain large masses of soil and to serve as a support for large quantities of vegetation or even shrubs. Preferably, it targets a construction

  modular allowing easy construction while minimizing

  sant space in storage as well as the number of different constituents to predict in advance, regardless of the final precise geometry of the wall to achieve. Such a modular construction is advantageously provided so as to allow easy replacement of degraded or broken parts of the wall, without having to dismantle a substantial part of the wall around the degraded parts. The invention proposes for this purpose a building element for a wall intended to be lined with vegetation, having the form of a bottomless tank and comprising two longitudinal walls and two transverse walls extending between these longitudinal walls, and vertical cells. able to act as a lost formwork, characterized in that at least one of the longitudinal walls is inclined upwards and outwards and each vertical cell is formed in one of the transverse walls, each vertical cell having a narrow end and a wide end such that the total section of the narrow end is less than the

  inner section of the wide end.

  According to preferred arrangements: - each vertical cell is tapered upwards, - the cells have a substantially square section, - the cells have a height greater than the height of the transverse walls, - the cells are protruding by their wide end, and the transverse walls have notches near the narrow ends of these cells, - the transverse walls are independent of the longitudinal walls, which are removable, - the transverse walls are adapted to cooperate on both sides with longitudinal walls, the cells being symmetrical in part and other of these longitudinal walls, the transverse walls are bordered along their lateral edges by flanges, the longitudinal walls internally skirting these flanges,

  - these edges of transverse walls are provided internally-

  ment of stops arranged in the lower part, - these stops are located near the cells, - the transverse walls are parallel, - the transverse walls are substantially inclined relative to each other, said element further comprising a transverse wall intermediate integral with an additional vertical cell, each longitudinal wall being formed of two sections extending on either side of this intermediate transverse wall towards one and the other, respectively, of the transverse walls, this element being thus a corner,

  - the two longitudinal walls are inclined towards the outside

  laughing and upwards, - the longitudinal walls are symmetrical on either side of the cells, - the other of the longitudinal walls is vertical, - the transverse walls are crossed by irrigation orifices, - the longitudinal walls are formed of flat plates, - the transverse walls are formed of two complementary added sections, one of which comprises a complete cell, - this section comprising the cell also comprises a veil

  transverse trapezoidal extending towards a longitudinal wall

inclined nale.

  The invention also provides a wall formed of a

  plurality of juxtaposed and superimposed elements.

  Preferably: - the transverse walls belong to two adjacent elements, - it comprises rows of identical elements, - it comprises elements in the lower part of which one of the longitudinal walls is vertical, and in the upper part elements whose two longitudinal walls are inclined, - it has stacks of identical elements, - this wall being used on one side to support a portion of soil higher than on the other side, the elements have no longitudinal wall the along this portion of soil,

  - It supports in its upper part a portion of the roof.

  Objects, characteristics and advantages of

  the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, given to

  by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective view of a building element according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a top view, - Figure 3 is an end view, - Figure 4 is an exploded view, Figure 5 is a perspective view of a second construction element according to the invention, - Figure 6 is another perspective view of this second element, - Figure 7 is a top view, - Figure 8 is an end view, - Figure 9 is a perspective view of a third building element according to the invention, - the Figure 10 is a similar view, with partial cutaway, - Figure 11 is a top view, - Figure 12 is a partial exploded view

  of an alternative embodiment of the first construction element

  tion, - Figure 13 is a top view of a set of transverse walls of first construction elements, in transport configuration, - Figure 14 is a front view of this set, - Figure 15 is a view perspective of a portion of a green wall formed of a plurality of first building elements, - Figure 16 is an end view of another green wall, - Figure 17 is a sectional view of yet another wall plant, between two fields of different levels, - Figure 18 is a sectional view of another

  another green wall separating two lots of different levels

rents, and

  - Figure 19 is a sectional view of two plant walls forming part of a garage.

  Figures 1 to 12 show building elements for the construction of plant walls such as in particular noise barriers and / or function walls

  aesthetic and / or with thermal insulation function.

  The building element represented under the general reference 10 in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises:

  - two longitudinal walls 11 and 12, that is to say

  say extending along a vertical longitudinal plane P intended to be parallel to the portion of wall which will include this element, - two transverse walls 13 and 14 extending between these longitudinal walls and advantageously arranged, in the example considered , parallel to each other, preferably being perpendicular to the plane P, - two vertical cells 15 and 16 formed respectively in these transverse walls, being centered in the plane P. This element 10 therefore has the shape of a tank bottomless. The longitudinal walls 11 and 12 are both inclined upwards and outwards, being advantageously symmetrical with each other with respect to the plane P.

  The vertical cells 15 and 16 are preferably

  identical, each having a narrow end A and a wide end B such that the total section of the narrow end is slightly less than the internal section of the wide end. It is easily understood that this allows, during a stack of construction elements, that the cells fit together so as to form a vertical formwork in which concrete can be poured after a possible introduction of metal rods to ensure

good rigidity.

  The cells 15 and 16 preferably have a height greater than that of the transverse walls (and that of the longitudinal walls) to ensure this interlocking.

  which is preferably equal to that of the transverse walls

  sales), the height difference determining the height

  nesting cells of superimposed elements 10.

  This extra height can be accommodated

  above the upper edge of the transverse walls.

  However, preferably, to ensure good anchoring between superimposed transverse walls, it is downwards (below the lower level of the various walls) that the additional height of the cells is arranged, these transverse parts being provided, in the upper part near the narrow end of the cells, notches C and D intended to receive the wide end of a cell of a

element which would be superimposed on it.

  However, in a simple version, the cells may not protrude either upwards or downwards; there is then no interlocking, but sufficient rigidity can be obtained by metal rods passing through the cells and by the concrete protruding from the interstices between cells. In the example shown, the cells are tapered upwards. In addition, the section of these cells

  is advantageously square (for manufacturing reasons).

  It is however clear that in a variant not shown, the cells can be tapered downwards (which can help minimize overflows during the pouring of the concrete) and that the section of these cells can be of any other shape, for example round, or rectangular (for example for retention walls where the section of the cells will advantageously be lengthened towards the inside of the mass of

earth to remember).

  The transverse walls 13 and 14 comprise, on either side of the cells, rectangular trapezoidal portions (here almost triangular) tapered downward, with taper angles equal to the inclinations of the longitudinal walls, and which are symmetrical l ' one from the other when the longitudinal walls are symmetrical

one from the other.

  It will be appreciated that in the example shown, the minimum width of the element 10 is barely greater than the width of the wide end A. In other words, in its zones of minimum width, the future wall will be reinforced ( by the concrete and the metal rods forming the reinforcement of this concrete) over almost all of this minimum width, hence

good rigidity.

  Preferably, the construction element 10 is formed by an assembly of longitudinal walls and separate transverse walls, and each transverse wall is adapted to cooperate on each of its faces with two longitudinal walls, as a result of which the same wall

  transverse can be part of two construction elements

  tion adjacent. The cell formed in this wall (as shown) is then advantageously symmetrical with

on either side of this wall.

  In a variant not shown, each construction element is in one piece, with cells disposed on one side of the transverse walls, towards the interior of the element. In the example shown, the walls 11 and 12 have horizontal flanges 11A and 12A formed along

  of their upper edge at least partially outwards

  laughing, while the transverse walls 13 and 14 comprise

  try, along their outer edges, ledges

  inclined 13A, 13B, 14A and 14B projecting from both sides.

  The assembly of these walls is done by positioning the

  transverse walls then by engagement of the longitu-

  dinales along and inside the inclined edges until the horizontal edges 11A and 12A come into abutment on the upper edge of the inclined edges (the exploded view of FIG. 4 cannot therefore describe the assembly method) .5 These horizontal edges 11A and 12A constitute what

  called a "drop of water" and provide protection

  tion of the outer face of the longitudinal walls opposite

  screw dirt that may occur during watering

and / or heavy rain.

  It will be appreciated that this makes it easy to replace, in the future wall, one of these longitudinal walls which would deteriorate or even break; this replacement

will not affect the rest of the wall.

  Advantageously, stops such as 13C and 14C in FIG. 4 are provided at the base of the inclined edges, on the internal side of these, to contribute to

  stopping the longitudinal walls during their assembly.

  These walls 11 to 12 come to bear here by their edges. However, advantageously, these walls can be lengthened along their lower edge with flanges 12B (see FIG. 12) which, in addition to facilitating support and making it easy for the minimum width of the wall to be substantially greater than the width of the cells , contributes to stiffening the plates 11 and 12 where better resistance to

swelling.

  To promote the holding of the longitudinal walls

  the, the inclined edges 13A ... advantageously comprise on the inner side of the vertical ribs such as 14D in Figure 4 (or vertical beads) adapted to cooperate with vertical beads (or vertical ribs) not shown, formed on the faces outer walls

  longitudinal with their vertical edges.

  Preferably, orifices 100 are provided in the walls to ensure homogenization, in particular from the humidity point of view, of the material filling two adjacent "tanks". These orifices can also be

  used to position thin ramps (micro pipes

  porous) horizontal humidification / watering. Figures 5 to 8 show another element

  of construction, designated by the general reference 20.

  This second construction element (whose constituent elements similar to those of FIGS. 1 to 4 are designated by reference numbers which are deduced from those of these figures by adding the number 10) is essentially distinguished from element 10 by the fact that one 22, of the longitudinal walls is vertical and no longer inclined. The transverse walls 23 and 24 consequently comprise on either side of the cells, a trapezoidal portion on the side of the inclined longitudinal wall, and a narrow strip

  vertical on the side of this vertical longitudinal wall 22.

  This vertical wall 22 is here devoid of a rim along its upper edge, its maintenance along the vertical rims 23B and 24B being only ensured by stops, similar to the stops 13C and 14C, but not visible in FIGS. 5 to 8, or even simply by the upper edge of the vertical wall of the element 20

located immediately below.

  It is understood that it is possible to use for these vertical walls plates identical to those used for the inclined walls 11, 12 or 21, by cutting them to take account of their inclination which has become zero, by eliminating either a lower strip (in thus keeping the upper edge) or an upper strip (and therefore

eliminating this edge).

  Figures 9 to 11 show a third construction element, identified as a whole, and whose constituent elements similar to those of Figures 1 to 4, are designated by reference numbers which are deduced

  of those in these figures by adding the number 20.

  This third construction element has the particularity that it constitutes a corner piece. As is very clear from Figure 11, this corner piece allows a connection of two wall portions at 90, but it must be understood that any corner piece intended for connection at a different angle is easily deduced of

  peculiarities of this element 30.

  This third element 30 can be analyzed as being formed of two elements 40 and 41 delimited by non-parallel transverse walls, namely a wall

  transverse 33 or 34 perpendicular to the longitudinal walls

  31-1 and 32-1, or 31-2 and 32-2, and an intermediate transverse wall 42, common to the two elements 40 and 41, inclined as well with respect to the longitudinal walls 31-1 and 32- 1 as walls 31-2 and 32-2, having in view

  above advantageously equal inclinations (here 45) vis-

  opposite each of the transverse walls 33 and 34.

  The assemblable nature of the elements 10, 20 and in particular has the advantage of being able to use the same parts to constitute the transverse walls 13, 14, 33 and

  34 of parts 10 and 30; indeed, only the intermediate piece

  diaire 42 is specific to element 30 (while having a structure very similar to that of walls 13, 14, 33 and 34 except, essentially, that the inclined edges 42A and 42B

  along the inclined edges are shaped like angles.

  Regarding the longitudinal walls, consisting of parts 31-1 and 31-2 and walls 32-1 and 32-2, it is easily understood that they can be deduced from the walls 11 and 12 of FIGS. 1 to 4 by a simple cutting a corner or a trapezoid.

  One thus perceives one of the advantages of the construction

  modular construction elements 10, 20 and 30.

  Of course, according to an alternative embodiment not shown, immediate for those skilled in the art, one of the longitudinal walls of the corner piece can be inclined, the other (whether inside or outside outside the angle) can be vertical, by analogy with what has

  was explained in connection with Figures 5 to 8.

  In FIGS. 9 to 11, the shape of the cells 43 formed in the intermediate walls 42 have angles at 90, which is very well suited for connection at 90. In the case of a different connection angle, for example 120 or on the contrary, it may be preferable to choose for the cells 43 a circular (or polygonal,

hexagonal for example).

  To minimize the number and size of the elementary parts necessary for assembling the elements, 20 and 30 (with walls all inclined or not), the transverse walls 13, 14, 23, 24, 33, 34 can be produced

in two parts.

  As can be seen in FIG. 12, these transverse walls, designated as a whole by the reference 50, comprise: a first part 51 including a cell 52 and a trapezoidal wing 53 tapered downwards and bordered by an inclined rim 54, - A second part 55 comprising a wing 56 bordered by a side 57 adapted to be fixed, for example, by

  bolting, on one side of the cell, and an inclined side 58.

  It is understood that the same part 51 can be used to constitute a transverse wall of an element such as 20 provided that part 55 is replaced by another part corresponding to the narrow rectangular wing of the walls.

23 and 24.

  This removable aspect of the transverse walls favors an easy replacement in case of degradation or

  break, without modification of the rest of the wall.

  Figures 13 and 14 show how, thanks to the modular nature of the elements 10, 20, 30 ... we can minimize the space requirement during storage: it suffices to have head to tail various identical parts 200, adapted to constitute the transverse walls 13 , 14, 33 or 34. We

  easily understand that the decomposition of the transverse walls

  the two-part, according to Figure 12, allows

  to further optimize storage or transport.

  No particular explanation is necessary to understand how to optimize the storage of the parts intended to constitute the various longitudinal walls: it suffices to stack them, arranging them head to tail due to the longitudinal edges. These parts, and therefore the longitudinal walls, are preferably flat. However, the above lessons are easily understood in the case of slightly

concave or convex.

  FIG. 15 represents a separation wall formed from a plurality of elements 110 in accordance with element 10 of FIGS. 1 to 4: it will be appreciated that the elements offer great flexibility of use since, in particular, the wall may have slots, vegetation appearing by the flared sides of each element as well as at the top of each element which is not overhung by

  a superior element, regardless of the respective layout

tive of these.

  FIG. 16 is a sectional view of another wall of constant height, serving for example as a separation (therefore not having only a decorative function) for example for phonically isolating the two zones located from

on either side of the wall.

  FIG. 17 represents a wall, formed of parts 120 conforming to element 20 of FIGS. 5 to 8, the vertical longitudinal walls serving to support a mass of earth 300. The cells are advantageously of section

  rectangular elongated towards the ground to remember.

  It should be noted that, if the elements 120 are filled with earth, the vertical rear walls can be eliminated provided that the mechanical strength of the posts (formed by the cells and the concrete which is poured therein) remains sufficient (it suffices for this to bring the transverse walls and therefore the said walls sufficiently close together

posts).

  When necessary, one can, during the realization of the posts, for example but not exclusively in the case of this figure 17, fix there the foot of the metal posts serving for example to stretch, above the wall, a mesh . A mixed solution for separating land of different levels is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 18 with, in the lower part, a portion of wall M1 in accordance with FIG. 17 and, in the upper part, a portion of wall M2 in accordance with

figure 16.

  Walls of the aforementioned type can be used for the construction of discreet covered premises. It can be a passageway (tunnel) or a storage place, for example a garage. Thus, FIG. 19 shows in section a garage comprising two lateral walls conforming to that of FIG. 17 (with the vegetation outside) providing by their upper edges a roof of any suitable known type, possibly translucent, and yet completely masked by vegetation (flowers, shrubs, etc ...) growing in

upper part of the walls.

  It will be appreciated that when one wishes to make curved walls, one can follow the teachings of Figures 1 to 4 (and / or 5 to 8) by giving the longitudinal walls slightly different lengths, and giving a slight

  relative inclination between successive transverse walls.

  This allows the curvature of an aisle or

of a road.

  The various constituent parts of the elements such as 10, 20 and 30 are advantageously made of a fiberglass concrete which, thanks to a high level of mechanical properties, for a resistance given to lateral forces, makes it possible to be satisfied with a low thickness for the longitudinal walls and therefore a slight inclination for these walls while finally obtaining a substantial surface of free earth in cantilever (which can represent approximately half of the maximum section of the wall). Alternatively, many other materials can be used

  such as stainless steel, PVC, "ETERNIT" ....

  For example: - the longitudinal walls are made of a material called CCV (Cement de Composite de verre) and sold by the company BETSINORD in Courrière - their length (and therefore the spacing between posts) is 1 m their thickness is 1.8 cm - the height of the cells is 55 cm (5 cm more than the height of the transverse walls which is therefore 50 cm) - the inclination of the inclined walls is 21.5 (we can consider a very wide range for these inclinations, typically between 20 and 35) - the lower section of the cells is 15 cm x 15 cm while the upper section is 12 cm x 12 cm - the minimum width of the wall is 21 cm and the width

  maximum of this wall (with 110 elements) is 60 cm.

  Depending on the needs, the walls can be filled with earth (combination of an anti-noise function and a need for vegetation) or even a simple nourishing foam.

  (case of a simple need for decoration with vegetation).

  It goes without saying that the above description does not

  has been proposed as a nonlimiting example and that many variants can be proposed by the man of

  art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (26)

  1. Construction element (10, 20, 30, 110, 120) for a wall intended to be lined with vegetation, having the form of a bottomless tank and comprising two longitudinal walls (11, 12, 21, 22, 31- 1, 31-2, 32-1, 32-2) and two transverse walls (13, 14, 23, 24, 33, 34) extending between these longitudinal walls, and vertical cells (15, 16,, 26 , 35, 36) can act as a lost formwork,   characterized in that at least one of the longitudi-   nales is tilted upward and outward and each   vertical cell is provided in one of the transverse walls   dirty, each vertical cell having a narrow end (A) and a wide end (B), such that the total section of the narrow end is less than the internal section from the wide end.   2. Element according to claim 1, characterized   in that each vertical cell is tapered upwards.   3. Element according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the cells have a substantially square section.   4. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 3, characterized in that the cells have a   height greater than the height of the transverse walls.   5. Element according to claim 4, characterized in that the cells protrude by their wide end, and the transverse walls have notches   (C, D) near the narrow ends of these cells.   6. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 5, characterized in that the transverse walls (13, 14, 23, 24, 33, 34, 42, 50) are independent of the longitudinal walls (11, 12, 21, 22, 31-1, 31-2 , 32-1, 32-2), which are removable.   7. Element according to claim 6, characterized in that the transverse walls are adapted to cooperate on two sides with longitudinal walls, the cells   being symmetrical on either side of these longitudinal walls   nales. 8. Element according to claim 6 or the   claim 7, characterized in that the transverse walls   the are bordered along their lateral edges by edges (13A, 13B ....), the longitudinal walls internally along these edges. 9. Element according to claim 8, characterized in that these edges of transverse walls are internally provided with stops (13C, 14C) arranged in the lower part. 10. Element according to claim 9, characterized   in that these stops are located near the cells.   11. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 10, characterized in that the transverse walls are parallel.   12. Element according to any one of the claims.   tions 1 to 10, characterized in that the transverse walls (33, 34) are substantially inclined relative to each other, said element (30) further comprising an intermediate transverse wall (42) integral with a cell additional vertical, each longitudinal wall being formed of two sections extending on either side of this intermediate transverse wall towards one and the other, respectively, of the transverse walls, this element being thus a corner.   13. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 12, characterized in that the two longitu-   dinales are tilted outwards and upwards.   14. Element according to claim 13, character-   laughed at in that the longitudinal walls are symmetrical on either side of the alveoli.   15. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 12, characterized in that the other of the walls longitudinal is vertical.   16. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 15, characterized in that the transverse walls   are crossed by irrigation holes.   17. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 16, characterized in that the longitudinal walls are made up of flat plates.   18. Element according to any one of the claims.   1 to 17, characterized in that the transverse walls are formed of two complementary added sections (51,   ) one of which has a complete cell.   19. Element according to claim 18, character-   laughed in that this section comprising the cell further comprises a transverse trapezoidal veil extending towards a inclined longitudinal wall.   20. Wall formed of a plurality of juxtapo- elements   seated and superimposed according to any of the claims 1 to 19.   21. Wall according to claim 20, characterized in that the transverse walls belong to two adjacent elements.   22. Wall according to claim 20 or the claim   cation 21, characterized in that it has rows identical elements.   23. Wall according to claim 22, characterized in that it comprises in the lower part of the elements (120) one of the longitudinal walls of which is vertical, and in the upper part of the elements (110) of which the two longitudinal walls are tilted.   24. Wall according to claim 20 or the claim   cation 21, characterized in that it includes stacks identical elements.   25. Wall according to claim 20 or the claim   cation 21, characterized in that this wall being used on one side to support a portion of soil (300) higher than on the other side, the elements have no wall   longitudinal along this portion of soil.   26. Wall according to claim 20 or the claim   cation 21, characterized in that it partially supports upper portion of the roof.