EP0257250B1 - Prefabricated, transportable, modular dwelling - Google Patents

Prefabricated, transportable, modular dwelling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257250B1
EP0257250B1 EP87109659A EP87109659A EP0257250B1 EP 0257250 B1 EP0257250 B1 EP 0257250B1 EP 87109659 A EP87109659 A EP 87109659A EP 87109659 A EP87109659 A EP 87109659A EP 0257250 B1 EP0257250 B1 EP 0257250B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
base
pyramid
hexagonal
triangular
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EP87109659A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0257250A1 (en
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Pierre Nierle
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34331—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by three-dimensional elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
    • Y10S52/10—Polyhedron

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a modular transportable prefabricated dwelling comprising at least one module capable of being assembled with at least one other module to form an assembly and in which each module consists of a non-deformable triangulated frame whose envelope defines a geometric volume having a polygonal base and a pyramid-shaped roof, the apex of which is situated on the vertical passing through the center of the base.
  • the transportable dwellings used to date are either dwellings mounted on wheels and towable by a vehicle or cells without wheels transportable on the deck of a truck. These dwellings are rectangular in shape and their width and height are limited by the requirements of road transport. These dwellings are therefore necessarily relatively narrow and their interior layout must adapt to very restrictive conditions. As far as towed dwellings of the "mobile home” type are concerned, they are also not juxtaposed so as to produce a larger unit.
  • Document FR-A 2 426 784 discloses a construction module comprising a triangulated frame, the base of which is hexagonal and the cover of which is formed by three plane surfaces perpendicular to each other, meeting at the top and at a point located in the center at - above the hexagonal base.
  • the triangulated frame provides rigidity which would allow its transport, but transport by helicopter would prove to be very difficult due to the difficult flow of the air flow generated by this flow. There are also few possibilities for assembling several modules.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a modular transportable prefabricated dwelling which is not subject to the dimensional containers of road transport, that is to say a dwelling capable of being transported by air, more precisely by helicopter.
  • the housing module must be as light as possible and non-deformable. It must also have an aerodynamic shape vertically such that the air flow displaced by the helicopter easily flows over the module without generating a reaction preventing the helicopter from climbing.
  • the module must also be of a form which can be juxtaposed with other modules, which means that its base can only be triangular, square or hexagonal. The shape must also easily integrate into the landscape.
  • the framework is for example of metal, preferably of light alloy, the bars of the triangulated system can be tubular or profiled.
  • the framework could however also be made of synthetic material or mineral fibers such as glass fibers or carbon fibers.
  • the slope of the sections constituting the roof not only allows the transport of the housing modules by helicopter, but also facilitates the sliding of the snow.
  • the module shown in Figures 1 and 2 is obtained from a triangular pyramid 1 whose base is constituted by an equilateral triangle and whose faces have been cut by three vertical planes 2, 3 and 4 passing through the mediums A, B and C from the sides of the base triangle.
  • a triangular base module is thus obtained having three diamond-shaped sides 5, 6 and 7 leaving three sides corresponding to the vertical planes 2, 3 and 4, these sides constituting vertical walls in which windows and doors are practiced and which allow in addition to attach a module to another module, the joined sides can remain open. It is without other possibility to start from a triangular pyramid having an angle at the top such that the slope of sections 5, 6 and 7 is greater than 45 ° . This slope can without other reach 60 ° .
  • the module according to Figures 3 and 4 is obtained from the same triangular pyramid as the first module. It differs in that the pyramid is not cut by three vertical planes but by six vertical planes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 each passing through one of the middle of the sides of the base A, B and C and by the middle D, E and F of an edge.
  • These six vertical sections define a hexagonal base and three oblique roof sections 14, 15 and 16 again in the form of a rhombus whose apex coincides with one of the som put A, B and C from the base of the module.
  • the vertical sectioning planes define 6 vertical sides which are provided with walls or which allow the juxtaposition of the module with another hexagonal module.
  • the floor area and the living space of the hexagonal cell are naturally appreciably larger than those of the triangular cell.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 schematically show a housing module with a square base.
  • This module is obtained from a pyramid 17 with a square base, the edges of which are inclined at approximately 45 ° .
  • the volume of the module is obtained by the sectioning of this pyramid by four vertical planes passing through the midpoints G, H, I and J on the sides of the base.
  • Four roof sections are thus obtained in the form of equilateral diamonds 18, 19, 20 and 21, the slope of which is greater than 45 ° .
  • This four-sided module also has four triangular vertical facades 22, 23, 24 and 25 which are closed by panels fitted with doors and windows or left open for the juxtaposition of the module to another similar module.
  • FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, the triangulated framework of a module with a square base according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • This fully triangulated framework consists of metal bars such as 26, 27 and 28.
  • the bars are either tubular or profiled.
  • the nodes are welded or bolted to connecting pieces.
  • the nodes could also be made up of solid parts in which the ends of the bars are embedded and screwed or welded.
  • the top of the frame is provided with a suspension hook 29 for transporting the module per helicopter.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 show a completed housing module.
  • the floor consists of a secondary structure 30 carried by the bars of the frame. On this secondary structure 30 is placed the thermal insulation and the floor covering 31.
  • the roof sections consist of a light structure combined with the thermal insulation and the whole is covered with a cover formed of plates 32 or a plastic envelope. Natural ventilation is provided by adjustable openings 33 and 34 formed at the bottom and respectively at the top of each roof panel. They allow, in summer, to remove heat by chimney effect.
  • the facades are closed by walls 35 formed by standard glazed or solid elements. These walls are mounted in the workshop on the modules. They are protected by plastic frames such as 36, 37 and 38 fixed directly on the module and whose gutter shape leads to rain and snow. The steep slope ensures good flow.
  • the interior layout is carried out according to the dimensions of the house with standardized elements.
  • the housing module will preferably be mounted on pillars 39 and 40, so that snow can slide from the roof throughout the winter.
  • the junction 41 with another module 42 is produced by means of a flexible plastic seal executed on site.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 An exemplary embodiment of a light structure of the sections of the module according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • the structure comprises a triangular tubular framework represented schematically in FIG. 14.
  • the framework is constituted of steel tube with a diameter of 80 mm.
  • the tubes such as 46, 47 and 48 limiting the rhombus have a length of 4.14 m. and a wall thickness of 4 mm.
  • the framework further comprises a horizontal down tube 49 with a wall thickness of 4 mm. parallel to which are arranged two tubes 50 having a wall of 2 mm. and two tubes 51 having a wall of 1 mm.
  • the tubes listed above are crossed by 1 mm tubes. wall such as tubes 52 to 61.
  • a thin metal mesh 62 On these tubes is welded a thin metal mesh 62 whose mesh gandeur corresponds to that of a mosquito mesh.
  • a thin metal mesh 62 On each side of this trellis are successively projected two layers of polyurethane foam 63 and 64 with a thickness of 50 mm., According to a method known per se.
  • the foam preferably also coats the tubes of the tubular framework, as can be seen in the drawing for tube 49. This gives a panel of reinforced polyurethane foam whose resistance is perfectly sufficient. During the test, these panels supported a load of 5,000 N / m2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

1. A prefabricated transportable modular residential building comprising at least one module adapted to be joined to at least one other module to form a whole, wherein each module is composed of an indeformable triangulated framework (26, 27, 28) whose envelope defines a geometrical volume having a polygonal base and a roof having a form of a pyramid whose apex is located on the vertical crossing the center of the base, characterized by the fact that the polygonal base is triangular, square or hexagonal and that the roof has three or four faces (5 to 7; 14 to 16; 18 to 21) whose slope is greater than 45 degrees, this geometrical volume resulting from the division of the faces of a pyramid having a triangular or square base by vertical planes passing through the centers of the sides of the base of said pyramid and in addition through the centers of the edges of said pyramid in the case of modules having a hexagonal base, the module being further composed of a floor (30), a leakproof covering (32) of the oblique faces, the vertical divided portions not contiguous to another module being provided with walls which may optionally be equipped with doors and windows, the open divided portions serving for the juxtaposition of modules one against the other, while the apex of the framework is provided with a suspension means (29) intended for transport of the module by helicopter.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une habitation préfabriquée transportable modulaire comprenant au moins un module susceptible d'être assemblé à au moins un autre module pour constituer un ensemble et dans laquelle chaque module est constitué d'une ossature triangulée indéformable dont l'enveloppe définit un volume géométrique ayant une base polygonale et un toit en forme de pyramide dont le sommet est situé sur la verticale passant par le centre de la base.The subject of the present invention is a modular transportable prefabricated dwelling comprising at least one module capable of being assembled with at least one other module to form an assembly and in which each module consists of a non-deformable triangulated frame whose envelope defines a geometric volume having a polygonal base and a pyramid-shaped roof, the apex of which is situated on the vertical passing through the center of the base.

Les habitations transportables utilisées à ce jour sont soit des habitations montées sur roues et tractables par un véhicule eu des cellules sans roues transportables sur le pont d'un camion. Ces habitations sont de forme rectangulaire et leur largeur et leur hauteur sont limitées par les impératifs des transports routiers. Ces habitations sont donc forcément relativement étroites et leur agencement intérieur doit s'adapter à des conditions très restrictives. En ce que concerne les habitations tractées du type "mobilhome", elles ne sont en outre pas juxtaposables de manière à réaliser un ensemble plus grand.The transportable dwellings used to date are either dwellings mounted on wheels and towable by a vehicle or cells without wheels transportable on the deck of a truck. These dwellings are rectangular in shape and their width and height are limited by the requirements of road transport. These dwellings are therefore necessarily relatively narrow and their interior layout must adapt to very restrictive conditions. As far as towed dwellings of the "mobile home" type are concerned, they are also not juxtaposed so as to produce a larger unit.

Du document FR-A 2 426 784 on connaît un module de construction comprenant une ossature triangulée, dont la base est hexagonale et dont le couverture est formée de trois surfaces planes perpendiculaires entre elles, se rejoignant en haut et en un point situé au centre au-dessus de la base hexagonale. L'ossature triangulée assure une rigidité qui permettrait son transport, mais un transport par hélicoptère s'avérerait très difficile en raison de l'écoulement difficile du flux d'air engendré par ce flux. Les possibilités d'assemblage de plusieurs modules sont en outre peu nombreuses.Document FR-A 2 426 784 discloses a construction module comprising a triangulated frame, the base of which is hexagonal and the cover of which is formed by three plane surfaces perpendicular to each other, meeting at the top and at a point located in the center at - above the hexagonal base. The triangulated frame provides rigidity which would allow its transport, but transport by helicopter would prove to be very difficult due to the difficult flow of the air flow generated by this flow. There are also few possibilities for assembling several modules.

La présente invention a pour but de réaliser une habitation préfabriquée transportable modulaire non soumise aux containtes dimensionnelles des transports routiers, c'est-à-dire une habitation susceptible d'être transportée par la voie des airs, plus précisément par hélicoptère. A cet effet, le module d'habitation doit être aussi léger que possible et indéformable. Il doit en outre présenter verticalement une forme aérodynamique telle que le flux d'air déplacé par l'hélicoptère s'écoule facilement sur le module sans engendrer une réaction empêchant l'hélicoptère d s'élever. Le module doit en outre être d'une forme juxtaposable à d'autres modules, ce qui signifie que sa base ne peut être que triangulaire, carrée ou hexagonale. La forme doit en outre s'intégrer facilement dans le paysage.The object of the present invention is to provide a modular transportable prefabricated dwelling which is not subject to the dimensional containers of road transport, that is to say a dwelling capable of being transported by air, more precisely by helicopter. For this purpose, the housing module must be as light as possible and non-deformable. It must also have an aerodynamic shape vertically such that the air flow displaced by the helicopter easily flows over the module without generating a reaction preventing the helicopter from climbing. The module must also be of a form which can be juxtaposed with other modules, which means that its base can only be triangular, square or hexagonal. The shape must also easily integrate into the landscape.

Ce but est atteint par l'habitation préfabriquée telle que définie par la revendication 1. L'ossature est par exemple en métal, de préférence en alliage léger, les barres du système triangulé peuvent être tubulaires ou profilées. L'ossature pourrait toutefois être également en matière synthétique ou en fibres minérales telle que fibres de verre ou fibres de carbone.This object is achieved by the prefabricated housing as defined by claim 1. The framework is for example of metal, preferably of light alloy, the bars of the triangulated system can be tubular or profiled. The framework could however also be made of synthetic material or mineral fibers such as glass fibers or carbon fibers.

La pente des pans constituant la toiture, supérieure à 45°, permet non seulement le transport des modules d'habitation par hélicoptère, mais facilite également le glissement de la neige.The slope of the sections constituting the roof, greater than 45 °, not only allows the transport of the housing modules by helicopter, but also facilitates the sliding of the snow.

Le dessin annexé représente, à titre d'exemple, quelques formes d'exécutions de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation de module à base triangulaire.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique et en plan d'un module à base triangulaire.
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un module à base hexagonale.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique en plan d'un module à base hexagonale.
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique en élévation d'un module à base carrée.
  • La figure 6 est une vue schématique en plan d'un module à base carrée.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en perspective de l'ossature d'un module à base carrée.
  • La figure 8 est une vue en élévation d'un module à base carrée terminé et installé.
  • La figure 9 est une demi-coupe verticale axiale du module de la figure 8.
  • La figure 10 montre schématiquement en plan un exemple de combinaison de modules à base triangulaire.
  • La figure 11 montre schématiquement en plan un exemple de combinaison de modules à base hexagonale.
  • La figure 12 montre schématiquement, en plan, un exemple de combinaison mixte de modules à base triangulaire et hexagonale avec un module de transition.
  • La figure 13 montre un exemple de combinaison de modules à base carrée.
  • La figure 14 représente schématiquement l'ossature tubulaire d'un pan d'un module selon la figure 8
  • La figure 15 est une vue en coupe diagonale d'un pan d'un module selon la figure 8.
The accompanying drawing shows, by way of example, some forms of embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view of triangular base module.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of a triangular base module.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic elevational view of a hexagonal base module.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a module with a hexagonal base.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic elevational view of a square base module.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a square base module.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the framework of a square base module.
  • Figure 8 is an elevational view of a square base module completed and installed.
  • FIG. 9 is an axial vertical half-section of the module of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows in plan an example of a combination of modules with a triangular base.
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows in plan an example of a combination of modules with a hexagonal base.
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows, in plan, an example of a mixed combination of modules with a triangular and hexagonal base with a transition module.
  • Figure 13 shows an example of a combination of square-based modules.
  • FIG. 14 schematically represents the tubular framework of a panel of a module according to FIG. 8
  • FIG. 15 is a diagonal section view of a section of a module according to FIG. 8.

Le module représenté aux figures 1 et 2 est obtenu à partir d'une pyramide triangulaire 1 dont la base est constituée par un triangle équilatéral et dont les faces ont été coupées par trois plans verticaux 2, 3 et 4 passant par les milieux A, B et C des côtés du triangle de base. On obtient ainsi un module de base triangulaire présentant trois pans 5, 6 et 7 en forme de losange laissant subsister trois côtés correspondant aux plans verticaux 2, 3 et 4, ces côtés constituant des parois verticales dans lesquelles on pratique fenêtres et portes et qui permettent en outre d'accoler un module à un autre module, les côtés accolés pouvant rester ouverts. Il est sans autre possible de partir d'une pyramide triangulaire présentant un angle au sommet tel que la pente des pans 5, 6 et 7 soit supérieure à 45°. Cette pente peut sans autre atteindre 60°.The module shown in Figures 1 and 2 is obtained from a triangular pyramid 1 whose base is constituted by an equilateral triangle and whose faces have been cut by three vertical planes 2, 3 and 4 passing through the mediums A, B and C from the sides of the base triangle. A triangular base module is thus obtained having three diamond-shaped sides 5, 6 and 7 leaving three sides corresponding to the vertical planes 2, 3 and 4, these sides constituting vertical walls in which windows and doors are practiced and which allow in addition to attach a module to another module, the joined sides can remain open. It is without other possibility to start from a triangular pyramid having an angle at the top such that the slope of sections 5, 6 and 7 is greater than 45 ° . This slope can without other reach 60 ° .

Le module selon les figures 3 et 4 est obtenu à partir de la même pyramide triangulaire que le premier module. Il en diffère en ce que la pyramide n'est pas coupée par trois plans verticaux mais par six plans verticaux 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 et 13 passant chacun par l'un des milieu des côtés de la base A, B et C et par le milieu D, E et F d'un arête. Ces six pans verticaux définissent une base hexagonale et trois pans de toit obliques 14,15 et 16 à nouveau en forme de losange dont un sommet coïncide avec l'un des sommets A, B et C de la base du module. Les plans de sectionnement verticaux définissent 6 côtés verticaux qui sont munis de parois ou qui permettent la juxtaposition du module avec un autre module hexagonal. La surface au sol et le volume habitable de la cellule hexagonale sont naturellement sensiblement plus grands que ceux de la cellule triangulaire.The module according to Figures 3 and 4 is obtained from the same triangular pyramid as the first module. It differs in that the pyramid is not cut by three vertical planes but by six vertical planes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 each passing through one of the middle of the sides of the base A, B and C and by the middle D, E and F of an edge. These six vertical sections define a hexagonal base and three oblique roof sections 14, 15 and 16 again in the form of a rhombus whose apex coincides with one of the som put A, B and C from the base of the module. The vertical sectioning planes define 6 vertical sides which are provided with walls or which allow the juxtaposition of the module with another hexagonal module. The floor area and the living space of the hexagonal cell are naturally appreciably larger than those of the triangular cell.

Les figures 5 et 6 montrent schématiquement un module d'habitation à base carrée. Ce module est obtenu à partir d'une pyramide 17 à base carrée dont les arêtes sont inclinées à environ 45°. Le volume du module est obtenu par le sectionnement de cette pyramide par quatre plan verticaux passant par les milieux G, H, I et J des côtés de la base . On obtient ainsi quatre pans de toit en forme de losanges équilatéraux 18, 19, 20 et 21 dont la pente est supérieure à 45°. Ce module à quatre pans présente également quatre façades verticales triangulaires 22, 23, 24 et 25 qui sont fermées par des panneaux munis des portes et fenêtres ou laissés ouverts pour la juxtaposition du module à un autre module semblable.Figures 5 and 6 schematically show a housing module with a square base. This module is obtained from a pyramid 17 with a square base, the edges of which are inclined at approximately 45 ° . The volume of the module is obtained by the sectioning of this pyramid by four vertical planes passing through the midpoints G, H, I and J on the sides of the base. Four roof sections are thus obtained in the form of equilateral diamonds 18, 19, 20 and 21, the slope of which is greater than 45 ° . This four-sided module also has four triangular vertical facades 22, 23, 24 and 25 which are closed by panels fitted with doors and windows or left open for the juxtaposition of the module to another similar module.

La figure 7 montre, à titre d'exemple, l'ossature triangulée d'un module à base carrée selon les figures 5 et 6. Cette ossature entièrement triangulée est constituée de barres métalliques telles que 26, 27 et 28. Les barres sont soit tubulaires soit profilées. Les noeuds sont soudés ou boulonnés sur des pièces de liaison. Les noeuds pourraient être également constitués de pièces massives dans lesquels les extrémités des barres sont encastrées et vissées ou soudées. Le sommet de l'ossature est muni d'un crochet de suspension 29 pour le transport du module per hélicoptère.FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, the triangulated framework of a module with a square base according to FIGS. 5 and 6. This fully triangulated framework consists of metal bars such as 26, 27 and 28. The bars are either tubular or profiled. The nodes are welded or bolted to connecting pieces. The nodes could also be made up of solid parts in which the ends of the bars are embedded and screwed or welded. The top of the frame is provided with a suspension hook 29 for transporting the module per helicopter.

Les figures 8 et 9 montrent un module d'habitation terminé. Le plancher est constitué d'une structure secondaire 30 portée par les barres de l'ossature. Sur cette structure secondaires 30 est posée l'isolation thermique et le revêtement de sol 31. Les pans du toit sont constitués d'une structure légère combinée avec l'isolation thermique et le tout est recou- vert d'une couverture formée de plaques 32 ou d'une enveloppe en matière synthétique. Une ventilation naturelle est assurée par des ouvertures réglable 33 et 34 ménagées au bas et respectivement au haut de chaque pan de toit. Elles permettent, en été, d'éliminer la chaleur par effet de cheminée. Les façades sont fermées par des parois 35 constituées par des éléments normalisés vitrés ou pleins. Ces parois sont montées en atelier sur les modules. Elles sont protégées par des encadrements en matière synthétique tels que 36, 37 et 38 fixés directement sur le module et dont la forme en gouttière conduit la pluie et la neige. La forte pente assure un bon écoulement. L'aménagement intérieur est réalisé en fonction des dimensions de l'habitation avec des éléments normalisés. En altitude et dans les pays nordiques, le module d'habitation sera de préférence monté sur des piliers 39 et 40, de telle sorte que la neige puisse glisser du toit durant tout l'hiver. La jonction 41 avec un autre module 42 est réalisé au moyen d'un joint souple en matière plastique exécuté sur place.Figures 8 and 9 show a completed housing module. The floor consists of a secondary structure 30 carried by the bars of the frame. On this secondary structure 30 is placed the thermal insulation and the floor covering 31. The roof sections consist of a light structure combined with the thermal insulation and the whole is covered with a cover formed of plates 32 or a plastic envelope. Natural ventilation is provided by adjustable openings 33 and 34 formed at the bottom and respectively at the top of each roof panel. They allow, in summer, to remove heat by chimney effect. The facades are closed by walls 35 formed by standard glazed or solid elements. These walls are mounted in the workshop on the modules. They are protected by plastic frames such as 36, 37 and 38 fixed directly on the module and whose gutter shape leads to rain and snow. The steep slope ensures good flow. The interior layout is carried out according to the dimensions of the house with standardized elements. At altitude and in the Nordic countries, the housing module will preferably be mounted on pillars 39 and 40, so that snow can slide from the roof throughout the winter. The junction 41 with another module 42 is produced by means of a flexible plastic seal executed on site.

Que les modules soient de base triangulaire, carrée ou hexagonale, il est possible de les juxtaposés de diverses manières et en nombre illimité pour obtenir la surface habitable désirée. La figure 10 montre un exemple d'habitation réalisée au moyen de cinq modules triangulaires quatre modules étant disposés de manière à former un parallélogramme.

  • La figure 11 montre un exemple d'habitation réalisée au moyen de trois modules hexagonaux.
  • La figure 12 montre un exemple d'habitation réalisée au moyen de trois modules triangulaires et d'un module hexagonal relié par un module de transition 43 constitué à partir d'un module hexagonal coupé par un plan vertical passant par deux des sommets non diamètralement opposés de la base, c'est-à-dire par les milieux de deux côtés de la pyramide trian- guulaire d'origine. Si les modules triangulaires et hexagonaux ont pour origine la même pyramide triangulaire, les ouvertures 44 et 45 sont identiques et juxtaposables.
  • La figure 13 montre schématiquement un exemple d'habitation réalisée au moyen de modules carrés à base carrée.
Whether the modules are triangular, square or hexagonal, it is possible to juxtapose them in various ways and in unlimited numbers to obtain the desired living area. FIG. 10 shows an example of housing produced by means of five triangular modules, four modules being arranged so as to form a parallelogram.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of housing made using three hexagonal modules.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of housing produced by means of three triangular modules and a hexagonal module connected by a transition module 43 formed from a hexagonal module cut by a vertical plane passing through two of the non-diametrically opposite vertices from the base, that is to say by the midpoints of two sides of the original triangular pyramid. If the triangular and hexagonal modules originate from the same triangular pyramid, the openings 44 and 45 are identical and juxtaposable.
  • FIG. 13 schematically shows an example of housing produced using square modules with a square base.

Un exemple de réalisation de structure légère des pans du module selon les figures 8 et 9 est représenté schématiquement aux figures 14 et 15. La structure comprend une ossature triangulée tubulaire représentée schématiquement à la figure 14. Dans l'exemple considéré l'ossature est constituée de tube d'acier d'un diamètre de 80 mm. Les tubes tels que 46, 47 et 48 limitant le losange ont une longueur de 4,14 m. et une épaisseur de paroi de 4 mm. L'ossature comprend en outre un tube diagonal horizontal 49 d'une épaisseur de paroi de 4 mm. parallèlement auquel sont disposés deux tubes 50 présentant une paroi de 2 mm. et deux tubes 51 présentant une paroi de 1 mm. Les tubes énumérés ci-dessus sont croisillonnés par des tubes de 1 mm. de paroi tel que les tubes 52 à 61.An exemplary embodiment of a light structure of the sections of the module according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 14 and 15. The structure comprises a triangular tubular framework represented schematically in FIG. 14. In the example considered, the framework is constituted of steel tube with a diameter of 80 mm. The tubes such as 46, 47 and 48 limiting the rhombus have a length of 4.14 m. and a wall thickness of 4 mm. The framework further comprises a horizontal down tube 49 with a wall thickness of 4 mm. parallel to which are arranged two tubes 50 having a wall of 2 mm. and two tubes 51 having a wall of 1 mm. The tubes listed above are crossed by 1 mm tubes. wall such as tubes 52 to 61.

Sur ces tubes est soudé un fin treillis métallique 62 dont la gandeur des mailles correspond à celle d'un treillis à moustiques. Sur chaque côté de ce treillis on projette successivement deux couches de mousse de polyuréthanne 63 et 64 d'une épaisseur de 50 mm., selon une méthode connue en soi. La mousse enrobe de préférence également les tubes de l'ossature tubulaire, comme on peut le voir sur le dessin pour le tube 49. On obtient ainsi un panneau en mousse de polyuréthanne armé dont la résistance est parfaitement suffisante. Au essai, ces panneaux ont supporté une charge de 5.000 N/m2.On these tubes is welded a thin metal mesh 62 whose mesh gandeur corresponds to that of a mosquito mesh. On each side of this trellis are successively projected two layers of polyurethane foam 63 and 64 with a thickness of 50 mm., According to a method known per se. The foam preferably also coats the tubes of the tubular framework, as can be seen in the drawing for tube 49. This gives a panel of reinforced polyurethane foam whose resistance is perfectly sufficient. During the test, these panels supported a load of 5,000 N / m2.

Claims (3)

1. A prefabricated transportable modular residential building comprising at least one module adapted to be joined to at least one other module to form a whole, wherein each module is composed of an inde- formable triangulated framework (26, 27, 28) whose envelope defines a geometrical volume having a polygonal base and a roof having a form of a pyramid whose apex is located on the vertical crossing the center of the base, characterized by the fact that the polygonal base is triangular, square or hexagonal and that the roof has three or four faces (5 to 7; 14 to 16; 18 to 21) whose slope is greater than 45 degrees, this geometrical volume resulting from the division of the faces of a pyramid having a triangular or square base by vertical planes passing through the centers of the sides of the base of said pyramid and in addition through the centers of the edges of said pyramid in the case of modules having a hexagonal base, the module being further composed of a floor (30), a leakproof covering (32) of the oblique faces, the vertical divided portions not contiguous to another module being provided with walls which may optionally be equipped with doors and windows, the open divided portions serving for the juxtaposition of modules one against the other, while the apex of the framework is provided with a suspension means (29) intended for transport of the module by helicopter.
2. A residential building according to Claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one transition module (43) allowing the juxtaposition of a module having a triangular base with a module having a hexagonal base produced from the same triangular pyramid, said transition module being formed from a hexagonal module intersected by a vertical plane passing through two non-opposite ap- ices of its base, that is to say through the centers of two sides of the base of the basic pyramid.
3. A residential building according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the oblique faces are composed of a triangulated tubular framework (46 to 61) supporting a panel of polyurethane foam (63, 64) reinforced with metal trelliswork (62) welded to the frame.
EP87109659A 1986-08-28 1987-07-04 Prefabricated, transportable, modular dwelling Expired - Lifetime EP0257250B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3459/86 1986-08-28
CH3459/86A CH669424A5 (en) 1986-08-28 1986-08-28

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EP0257250A1 EP0257250A1 (en) 1988-03-02
EP0257250B1 true EP0257250B1 (en) 1990-08-29

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EP (1) EP0257250B1 (en)
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1033451A3 (en) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-13 Baumanagement Johannes Tribelhorn Method for erecting a building unit, building unit and process for connecting walls
KR100493505B1 (en) * 2005-02-01 2005-06-07 선진항공건설 주식회사 Method of constructing a transmission tower by helicopter
US9340967B2 (en) * 2014-01-17 2016-05-17 Luke DAENEN Kit including self-supporting panels for assembling a modular structure

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DE3764585D1 (en) 1990-10-04
US4903441A (en) 1990-02-27
CH669424A5 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0257250A1 (en) 1988-03-02

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