EP0257250B1 - Vorgefertigtes, transportables und modulares Wohnhaus - Google Patents

Vorgefertigtes, transportables und modulares Wohnhaus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257250B1
EP0257250B1 EP87109659A EP87109659A EP0257250B1 EP 0257250 B1 EP0257250 B1 EP 0257250B1 EP 87109659 A EP87109659 A EP 87109659A EP 87109659 A EP87109659 A EP 87109659A EP 0257250 B1 EP0257250 B1 EP 0257250B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
module
base
pyramid
hexagonal
triangular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87109659A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0257250A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Nierle
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0257250A1 publication Critical patent/EP0257250A1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34331—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by three-dimensional elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
    • Y10S52/10—Polyhedron

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a modular transportable prefabricated dwelling comprising at least one module capable of being assembled with at least one other module to form an assembly and in which each module consists of a non-deformable triangulated frame whose envelope defines a geometric volume having a polygonal base and a pyramid-shaped roof, the apex of which is situated on the vertical passing through the center of the base.
  • the transportable dwellings used to date are either dwellings mounted on wheels and towable by a vehicle or cells without wheels transportable on the deck of a truck. These dwellings are rectangular in shape and their width and height are limited by the requirements of road transport. These dwellings are therefore necessarily relatively narrow and their interior layout must adapt to very restrictive conditions. As far as towed dwellings of the "mobile home” type are concerned, they are also not juxtaposed so as to produce a larger unit.
  • Document FR-A 2 426 784 discloses a construction module comprising a triangulated frame, the base of which is hexagonal and the cover of which is formed by three plane surfaces perpendicular to each other, meeting at the top and at a point located in the center at - above the hexagonal base.
  • the triangulated frame provides rigidity which would allow its transport, but transport by helicopter would prove to be very difficult due to the difficult flow of the air flow generated by this flow. There are also few possibilities for assembling several modules.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a modular transportable prefabricated dwelling which is not subject to the dimensional containers of road transport, that is to say a dwelling capable of being transported by air, more precisely by helicopter.
  • the housing module must be as light as possible and non-deformable. It must also have an aerodynamic shape vertically such that the air flow displaced by the helicopter easily flows over the module without generating a reaction preventing the helicopter from climbing.
  • the module must also be of a form which can be juxtaposed with other modules, which means that its base can only be triangular, square or hexagonal. The shape must also easily integrate into the landscape.
  • the framework is for example of metal, preferably of light alloy, the bars of the triangulated system can be tubular or profiled.
  • the framework could however also be made of synthetic material or mineral fibers such as glass fibers or carbon fibers.
  • the slope of the sections constituting the roof not only allows the transport of the housing modules by helicopter, but also facilitates the sliding of the snow.
  • the module shown in Figures 1 and 2 is obtained from a triangular pyramid 1 whose base is constituted by an equilateral triangle and whose faces have been cut by three vertical planes 2, 3 and 4 passing through the mediums A, B and C from the sides of the base triangle.
  • a triangular base module is thus obtained having three diamond-shaped sides 5, 6 and 7 leaving three sides corresponding to the vertical planes 2, 3 and 4, these sides constituting vertical walls in which windows and doors are practiced and which allow in addition to attach a module to another module, the joined sides can remain open. It is without other possibility to start from a triangular pyramid having an angle at the top such that the slope of sections 5, 6 and 7 is greater than 45 ° . This slope can without other reach 60 ° .
  • the module according to Figures 3 and 4 is obtained from the same triangular pyramid as the first module. It differs in that the pyramid is not cut by three vertical planes but by six vertical planes 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 each passing through one of the middle of the sides of the base A, B and C and by the middle D, E and F of an edge.
  • These six vertical sections define a hexagonal base and three oblique roof sections 14, 15 and 16 again in the form of a rhombus whose apex coincides with one of the som put A, B and C from the base of the module.
  • the vertical sectioning planes define 6 vertical sides which are provided with walls or which allow the juxtaposition of the module with another hexagonal module.
  • the floor area and the living space of the hexagonal cell are naturally appreciably larger than those of the triangular cell.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 schematically show a housing module with a square base.
  • This module is obtained from a pyramid 17 with a square base, the edges of which are inclined at approximately 45 ° .
  • the volume of the module is obtained by the sectioning of this pyramid by four vertical planes passing through the midpoints G, H, I and J on the sides of the base.
  • Four roof sections are thus obtained in the form of equilateral diamonds 18, 19, 20 and 21, the slope of which is greater than 45 ° .
  • This four-sided module also has four triangular vertical facades 22, 23, 24 and 25 which are closed by panels fitted with doors and windows or left open for the juxtaposition of the module to another similar module.
  • FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, the triangulated framework of a module with a square base according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • This fully triangulated framework consists of metal bars such as 26, 27 and 28.
  • the bars are either tubular or profiled.
  • the nodes are welded or bolted to connecting pieces.
  • the nodes could also be made up of solid parts in which the ends of the bars are embedded and screwed or welded.
  • the top of the frame is provided with a suspension hook 29 for transporting the module per helicopter.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 show a completed housing module.
  • the floor consists of a secondary structure 30 carried by the bars of the frame. On this secondary structure 30 is placed the thermal insulation and the floor covering 31.
  • the roof sections consist of a light structure combined with the thermal insulation and the whole is covered with a cover formed of plates 32 or a plastic envelope. Natural ventilation is provided by adjustable openings 33 and 34 formed at the bottom and respectively at the top of each roof panel. They allow, in summer, to remove heat by chimney effect.
  • the facades are closed by walls 35 formed by standard glazed or solid elements. These walls are mounted in the workshop on the modules. They are protected by plastic frames such as 36, 37 and 38 fixed directly on the module and whose gutter shape leads to rain and snow. The steep slope ensures good flow.
  • the interior layout is carried out according to the dimensions of the house with standardized elements.
  • the housing module will preferably be mounted on pillars 39 and 40, so that snow can slide from the roof throughout the winter.
  • the junction 41 with another module 42 is produced by means of a flexible plastic seal executed on site.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 An exemplary embodiment of a light structure of the sections of the module according to FIGS. 8 and 9 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • the structure comprises a triangular tubular framework represented schematically in FIG. 14.
  • the framework is constituted of steel tube with a diameter of 80 mm.
  • the tubes such as 46, 47 and 48 limiting the rhombus have a length of 4.14 m. and a wall thickness of 4 mm.
  • the framework further comprises a horizontal down tube 49 with a wall thickness of 4 mm. parallel to which are arranged two tubes 50 having a wall of 2 mm. and two tubes 51 having a wall of 1 mm.
  • the tubes listed above are crossed by 1 mm tubes. wall such as tubes 52 to 61.
  • a thin metal mesh 62 On these tubes is welded a thin metal mesh 62 whose mesh gandeur corresponds to that of a mosquito mesh.
  • a thin metal mesh 62 On each side of this trellis are successively projected two layers of polyurethane foam 63 and 64 with a thickness of 50 mm., According to a method known per se.
  • the foam preferably also coats the tubes of the tubular framework, as can be seen in the drawing for tube 49. This gives a panel of reinforced polyurethane foam whose resistance is perfectly sufficient. During the test, these panels supported a load of 5,000 N / m2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Modulares, transportables, vorgefertigtes Wohnhaus, das wenigstens einen Modul aufweist, der mit wenigstens einem anderen Modul zusammengebaut werden kann, um ein Ganzes zu bilden, wobei jeder Modul aus einen nicht verformbaren, aus Dreiecken zusammengesetzten Tragwerk (26, 27, 28), dessen Einhüllende ein geometrisches Volumen mit einer polygonalen Basis definiert, und aus einem Dach in Form einer Pyramide besteht, deren Scheitel auf der durch das Zentrum der Basis gehenden Vertikalen angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die polygonale Basis dreieckförmig, quadratisch oder hexagonal ist unü üass das Dach drei oder vier Dachflächen (5 bis 5; 14 bis 16; 18 bis 21 aufweist), deren Neigung grösser als 45° ist, dass dieses geometrische Volumen daraus resultiert, dass die Flächen einer Pyramide mit dreieckförmiger bzw. quadratischer Basis von vertikalen Ebenen geschnitten werden, die durch die Mitten der Seiten der Basis der erwähnten Pyramide und ausserdem, im Falle der Moduln mit hexagonaler Basis, durch die Mitten der Kanten der erwähnten Pyramide verlaufen, dass der Modul ausserdem mit einem Fussboden (30) und einer dichten Abdeckung (32) der schrägen Dachflächen versehen ist, dass die vertikalen geschnittenen Teile, welche nicht unmittelbar an einen anderen Modul grenzen, mit Wänden versehen sind, die gegebenenfalls Türen und Fenster haben, dass die offenen geschnittenen Teile zum Aneinanderfügen von Modulen dienen und dass der Scheitel des Tragwerks mit einem Aufhängemittel (29) versehen ist, das zum Transport des Moduls mit einem Hubschrauber bestimmt ist.
2. Wohnhaus nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es wenigstens einen Uebergangsmodul (43) aufweist, der das Anfügen eines Moduls mit dreieckförmiger Basis an einen Modul mit hexagonaler Basis erlaubt, welcher aus derselben dreieckförmigen Pyramide entstanden ist, und dass dieser Übergangsmodul aus einem durch eine vertikale Ebene abgeschnittenen hexagonalen Modul gebildet ist, wobei diese vertikale Ebene durch zwei nicht gegenüberliegende Scheitelpunkte der Basis, das heisst durch die Mitten zweier Seiten der Basis der ursprünglichen Pyramide, verläuft.
3. Wohnhaus nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schrägen Dachflächen aus einem rohrförmigen, aus Dreiecken zusammengesetzten Tragwerk (46 bis 61) bestehen, das Platten aus Polyurethanschaumstoff (63, 64) trägt, welcher mit einem auf das Tragwerk geschweissten metallischen Gitter (62) armiert ist.
EP87109659A 1986-08-28 1987-07-04 Vorgefertigtes, transportables und modulares Wohnhaus Expired - Lifetime EP0257250B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3459/86 1986-08-28
CH3459/86A CH669424A5 (de) 1986-08-28 1986-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0257250A1 EP0257250A1 (de) 1988-03-02
EP0257250B1 true EP0257250B1 (de) 1990-08-29

Family

ID=4256398

Family Applications (1)

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EP87109659A Expired - Lifetime EP0257250B1 (de) 1986-08-28 1987-07-04 Vorgefertigtes, transportables und modulares Wohnhaus

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US (1) US4903441A (de)
EP (1) EP0257250B1 (de)
CH (1) CH669424A5 (de)
DE (1) DE3764585D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1033451A3 (de) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-13 Baumanagement Johannes Tribelhorn Verfahren zur Errichtung einer Gebäudeeinheit, Gebäudeeinheit und Verfahren zur Verbindung von zwei Wandungen
KR100493505B1 (ko) * 2005-02-01 2005-06-07 선진항공건설 주식회사 헬리콥타를 이용한 송전 철탑을 건설하는 시공방법
US9340967B2 (en) * 2014-01-17 2016-05-17 Luke DAENEN Kit including self-supporting panels for assembling a modular structure

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB663912A (en) * 1946-04-30 1951-12-27 Alfred Easton Poor Improvements in building construction members
US2938526A (en) * 1958-06-02 1960-05-31 Iii Richard Harrison Inflatable shelter
FR79350E (fr) * 1961-03-17 1962-11-16 Habitation du type individuel ou collectif et cellules pour la réalisation de ces habitations
US3230673A (en) * 1963-04-08 1966-01-25 Robert P Gersin Modular building
FR1381851A (fr) * 1964-02-05 1964-12-14 Bâtiment du type préfabriqué et éléments qui le composent
US3332178A (en) * 1964-09-15 1967-07-25 Ellery A Foster Demountable building
US3502091A (en) * 1968-09-12 1970-03-24 Wendel V Goltermann Tent supporting frame
DE1958809A1 (de) * 1969-11-22 1971-06-09 Sievers Burghard Dipl Ing Gebaeude
US3660952A (en) * 1970-02-19 1972-05-09 Pryce Wilson Prefabricated modular building
US3645052A (en) * 1970-09-16 1972-02-29 Vantrex Modular building structures and certain movable components therefor
US3749594A (en) * 1970-12-02 1973-07-31 E Bibb Method of constructing reinforced articles having a plastic core,and frame therefor
US3974600A (en) * 1971-08-30 1976-08-17 Synestructics, Inc. Minimum inventory maximum diversity building system
US4189892A (en) * 1977-07-19 1980-02-26 Erickson Air Crane Co. Angle guide apparatus
US4194339A (en) * 1977-08-10 1980-03-25 Fisher John S Method for constructing town houses and the like
US4133149A (en) * 1977-10-31 1979-01-09 Angress Percy G Foldable portable shelter
FR2414104A1 (fr) * 1978-01-06 1979-08-03 Gremillet Gerald Systeme d'architecture prefabrique et evolutif
US4271645A (en) * 1978-05-08 1981-06-09 Crooks Melvin L Building construction
FR2426784A1 (fr) * 1978-05-24 1979-12-21 Gerssen Peter Construction de batiment
US4236361A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-12-02 Joseph Boden Prefabricated building components
US4663898A (en) * 1980-10-23 1987-05-12 Yacaboni Joseph D Dome-shaped building structure
US4467585A (en) * 1982-05-25 1984-08-28 Busby Richard D Method and apparatus for construction second story additions to pre-existing residential structures
US4542759A (en) * 1982-09-22 1985-09-24 Kyner Jr Paul R Portable shelter
US4480414A (en) * 1982-09-24 1984-11-06 Tschudy Donald B Building construction
FR2559180A1 (fr) * 1984-02-02 1985-08-09 Plasse Edmond Marie Abri systeme 2000
US4723382A (en) * 1986-08-15 1988-02-09 Haresh Lalvani Building structures based on polygonal members and icosahedral

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3764585D1 (de) 1990-10-04
US4903441A (en) 1990-02-27
EP0257250A1 (de) 1988-03-02
CH669424A5 (de) 1989-03-15

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