CH650822A5 - ASSEMBLY OF PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HOUSING WALL AND HOUSING WALL OBTAINED. - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the means used to ensure the constitution of box walls from prefabricated elements, dry mounted, generally superimposed.

The field of application of the object of the invention relates to box walls which are stable in themselves and which can be used to form support constructions and / or form massive constructions intended to produce, for example, noise barriers. along traffic lanes.

To produce walls of the above type, it has already been proposed to use beams of substantially square section, preferably of reinforced concrete, which are nested with one another according to superimposed horizontal networks or interleaving, so as to delimit successive meshes which are filled with backfill material.

In general, the construction consists in placing beams in the transverse direction, according to substantially parallel paths, then in nesting, on these alignments of transverse beams, longitudinal beams on which are fitted other transverse beams and so on.

Such a construction method responds well to the major problem of the maintenance of embankment land and therefore provides a positive solution to one of the construction parameters.

However, the achievements made so far show that such a method gives rise to difficulties.

The first lies in the fact that the longitudinal beams are nested by interlocking with the transverse beams of the neighboring section. Consequently, each cell is not independent and it is difficult to make a wall having concave or convex curves of small radius.

In addition, due to the interdependence of the various elements, the section of the wall is studied for the profile generating the maximum thrusts and this results in overabundant sections for the neighboring profiles.

To overcome this drawback, it is necessary to provide seals allowing the change of section. These joints are made by doubling the transverse beams, which naturally leads to additional expense.

Another drawback of such a technique lies in the fact that the supports between beams are made only at the right of the interlocking or interlocking crosses. In this way, each beam is subjected to sharp forces at the right of the supports and to bending moments between the supports. To combat such constraints, it is necessary to provide particularly resistant reinforcements, which significantly increases the manufacturing cost.

Another drawback of such constructions lies in the fact that there is a need to handle a high number of beams, which increases the dead times due to successive snagging and stalling and limits the speed of erection.

In an attempt to solve the problems known by the construction methods of the above type, we have also recommended prefabricated elements having a plate or facade panel extended, from the rear face, by two parallel walls. The rear edges of these walls are generally inclined, at least partial5

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ment, and serve as support for elementary plates reconstituting a rear slab.

With such construction elements, it becomes possible to produce a vertical structure more quickly by superimposing such elements either in staggered rows or in a direct line. In the first case, backfill cells are thus provided and backfilled after the establishment of each complete level following the installation of a horizontal row of prefabricated elements. In the second case, the elements delimit vertical boxes which can be backfilled possibly directly and completely from above.

Such elements have provided a definite solution, since the complete support by their lower edge made it possible to eliminate the shearing forces and the bending moments. As a result, the construction of such prefabricated elements allowed the use of lighter reinforcements.

However, such constructive elements have also revealed drawbacks. The first is, without a doubt, the large size resulting from the direct connection obtained by molding between the front plate and the parallel walls. Such bulk requires large area molding and storage areas and represents a significant constraint during transport.

Another drawback of this second solution lies in the fact that the rear plates constituting the slab do not always assume a good function of collecting and draining the masses of earth retained by such a box wall.

An additional drawback of this second technique is that the front wall obtained is completely blind and devoid of aesthetic characteristics. In particular, contrary to the case of the first embodiment, it is not possible to install or erect such a box wall by giving it certain aesthetic characteristics of the facade and, in particular, the maintenance of a natural or implanted presence. of plants.

In an attempt to combat the drainage and flow problems coming from the supported earth masses, it was recommended to incorporate in each of the parallel transverse walls a discharge nozzle. If such a solution allows, in fact, to ensure a certain recovery and collection of rear water, on the other hand, the presence on the front of the outlet openings revealing a permanent or temporary flow do not contribute to improving the aesthetic appearance.

A third solution has also been proposed involving the elimination of the flow nozzles and the constitution of a particularly draining and collecting back slab. The absence of a nozzle inside the parallel walls made it possible to produce the latter in the form of independent plates which could be made integral with the facade panel by a connection of reinforcements left waiting by means of concrete poured on site or by a connection. mechanical (metal bar or other). The construction element could thus be prefabricated in three parts more easily fabricable and manipulated.

These provisions are however inconclusive for at least two reasons. The first is that the rear collection and drainage slab, made from porous elements attached to a support plate, can suffer serious damage during transport and backfilling operations.

Another reason is that it has proved difficult to be able to reassociate the separated side walls with the front plate by pouring on the site because of the difficulties of alignment and balance encountered on each site.

These various reasons have not led, for the moment, to a significant development of such a technique.

The present invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks by proposing a new technical solution for producing prefabricated building elements for the erection of a box wall.

An object of the invention is to provide construction elements which can be manufactured, transported, handled and handled easily and at a relatively low cost.

Another object of the invention is to provide prefabricated building elements which can be joined together to form a wall offering a high support capacity, while having a lower percentage of steel than in the previous solutions.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide prefabricated building elements offering a particularly high drainage and collection capacity, without evacuation in line with the facade of the erected wall.

An additional object of the invention is to propose prefabricated construction elements which allow the erection of a box wall having a completely blind or partially open facade and capable of receiving a natural implantation of decorative plants.

An additional object of the invention is to make it possible to manufacture a box wall capable of being installed at the edge of traffic lanes, in particular motor vehicles, for which it can constitute, represent or partially assume a function of safety structure in addition to that of support.

A further object of the invention is to offer prefabricated construction elements which allow more convenient production of curved walls, either convex or concave, each element being independent.

The advantages of the invention will emerge from reading the description which follows.

To achieve the various aims above, the set of prefabricated elements for the erection of a box wall according to the preamble of claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the elements defined by the characteristic part of the claim 1.

Other advantages will emerge from the description below with reference to the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a cross section of a box wall according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial front view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 is a partial perspective highlighting certain details.

Fig. 4 is a partial perspective exploded view of some of the constituent elements.

Fig. 5 is a cross section showing certain characteristic arrangements.

Fig. 6 is a partial perspective highlighting other elements of the proposed assembly.

Fig. 7 is a partial side elevation showing the particular embodiment of some of the elements illustrated in FIG. 6.

Figs. 8 and 9 are partial perspectives showing in more detail developments of elements of the assembly.

Figs. 1 to 3 show, according to different views, a partial box wall made from assemblies of prefabricated building elements according to the invention. These prefabricated elements are mainly based on three, designated by the references 1,2 and 3.

The elements 1 are formed, as appears particularly in la'fig. 4, by planar walls 4 of great thickness, having two edges 5 and 6, called respectively upper and lower. Each wall also has a front edge 7 perpendicular to the edges 5 and 6 and a rear edge 8 which is inclined, from the lower edge 6 towards the edge 5, being directed further towards the edge 7 of the front or front. The edges 5 and 6 have, in the part located substantially set back from the edge 7, two recesses 9 and 10 whose length corresponds substantially to the width of the elements 2. The edges 5 and 6 also have, slightly set back from the rear edge 8, two notches 11 and 12, the function of which appears in the following.

The walls 4 advantageously comprise, in the two lateral faces, two cells 13 with closed bottom which are connected to the corresponding faces by inclined edges 14. The cells 13 preferably extend over the part between the alignment of the recesses 9

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and 10 and the rear edge 8. These cells 13 make it possible to pass, in a certain manner, the shear plane in the filling material and to use the possible cohesion of this material.

Each element 1 is further produced so that the inclined edge 8 is connected to the edges 5 and 6 by two inclined faces 15 and 16.

The walls 4 are produced according to variable dimensions in length. As a general rule, from a given base length, the upper edge of the base element has a length equal to the lower edge of the wall 4 which must be immediately superimposed. The length ratio is given by the angle of inclination of the rear edge 8, relative to the vertical, which is preferably between 25 and 30 sexagesimal degrees.

The constituent elements 2 are produced in the form of planar beams 17 of rectangular cross section. Each beam 17 has, from its extreme transverse edges and in its two faces, two notches 18 and 19 formed at about a quarter of the total length relative to the corresponding extreme edge. The notches 18 and 19 have a width which is substantially equal to the thickness of the walls 4. Preferably, the transverse edges of the notches 18 and 19 are inclined in relief, like the edges of the recesses 9 and 10.

The depth of the notches 18 and 19 is chosen, taking into account the depth of the recesses 9 and 10, so that the sum of the depths of a notch and a recess facing each other is equal to or preferably greater than half thickness of beams 17.

According to an arrangement of the invention, the width L of each beam 17 is chosen in relation to the height H taken between the bottoms of the recesses 9 and 10 of the walls 4, so that the filling material forms a slope of lower inclination at its internal friction angle.

To constitute a wall M (fig. 1) from the elements described above, a sole S, called cleanliness, is prepared. There is then placed on such a sole a first pair of two walls 4t, which are placed, in abutment by the lower edges 6, parallel to one another in the same direction. A beam 17j is then fitted by the notches 18 in the recesses 9. The two elements 4 are thus held relatively in two parallel vertical planes oriented transversely to the facade of the wall to be erected.

A second pair of walls 42 is then mounted on the first pair 4 ,, each wall 42 being fitted by the recess 10 in the corresponding notch 19 of the beam \ ll. The walls 42 are chosen so that the length of the lower edge 6 corresponds to that of the upper edge 5 of the walls 4,. Thus, the rear edges 8 are aligned. The mounting of the walls 42 is carried out by placing two splints 20 in place in the notches 11 of the walls 4j beforehand. Fig. 4 shows that each splint 20 represents a segment of profile in H. The lower parts of the wings thus fit the upper edge of the walls 4, while the core 21 is arranged in the notch 11. The upper parts of the wings of the splices 20 represent then a clevis for immobilizing the lower edges of the walls 42. The ribs 20 are only used to hold the walls 4 in position during assembly and subsequent filling.

The establishment of the plates 42 has the effect of completely nesting the beam 17t, which is thus immobilized in the three planes and represents a kind of locking key for the walls 4, and 42. In this position, the walls 42 are in support, by the entire useful length of the edges 6, on the edges 5 of the walls 4X. This results in an absence of cutting forces and bending moments normally imposed on the elements which can thus be produced by implementing a metal frame of less resistance. This results in a significant gain on the weight and the manufacturing cost.

We then proceed to the establishment of a second beam 172 in the upper recesses 9 of the walls 42, so as to connect the latter as said above.

One proceeds thus immediately to the upper part of the wall to be produced, in this case according to FIG. 3, by the superposition of six pairs of walls 4.

The group G of constituent elements thus assembled delimits a sort of vertical box 22, the facade of which is in fact defined by the layered superposition of the beams 17, while the two lateral faces are delimited by the solid walls superimposed 4d to 46. such a box 22 can be filled with filling materials dumped in any suitable manner and compacted after placing each pair of walls 4 and complementary elements 17, 20, 25.

Fig. 5 shows that the beams 17 delimit, by the H

report -, a virtual facade wall opposing the natural collapse of backfill. Indeed, if the angle q> 'is the internal friction angle of the filling material, X the facade fruit, (p the angle whose tangent has for value the ratio -, this ratio is chosen in such a way that (p - A, <(p '. In this way, the succession of beams 17 behaves like a closed wall retaining the filling materials which can, however, receive on the facade and between the beams 17 of planted plants. The facade of the wall section M thus constructed may have a more natural aesthetic appearance than a blind concrete wall ordinarily obtained with prefabricated construction elements of the type of the second solution mentioned above.

Thus, the beams 17 do not contribute directly to the support of the load of the materials and are only subjected to the forces resulting from the interior filling. Due to the arrangement of the supports, these forces are reduced and these beams require only a metal reinforcement of resistance significantly lower than that of the beams of the known technique, which reduces both the mass and the cost.

The construction of wall M continues by erecting a second group Ga (fig. 2), adjacent to group G. The same constituent elements are used to erect this second group, so that the beams 17xa are placed substantially in alignment with the beams 17! at 17n from the first group G. The group Ga then also delimits a box 22a and contributes, with group G, to delimit an intermediate box 221 which is defined by the opposite faces of the walls 4 and by the beam segments 17 s 'extending beyond said walls. Given the extent of this extension, as defined above, the intermediate box has a width substantially equal to that of the main boxes 22, 22a.

The constitution of a wall M from groups Gx to Gn juxtaposed makes it possible to produce a curved construction in a convex or concave manner, without problem of alignment or incidence between the constituent elements of a group to another. In this regard, provision may be made to give the transverse edges of the beams 17 two segments 23 and 24 inclined in opposite directions so that the common edge which they define represents the point of contact of the beams belonging to two contiguous groups, whatever or the relative orientation of one group compared to another.

The final constitution of a wall M also involves the installation of the constituent elements 3. These elements consist of sets of plates 25 for each erected group (FIGS. 3, 6 and 7). Each plate 25 has a length at most equal to the beam 17 and a width equal to the height taken at the inclined rear edges 8 of the walls 4. Each plate 25 comprises a flat bearing face 26 and two longitudinal edges 27 and 28 perpendicular to the face 26. The front face 29 of the plate 25 is provided with transverse grooves 30 leaving two extreme heels 31 remaining. The grooves 30 open into two interconnection rebates 32 formed from the external face 29 along longitudinal edges of the plate 25, between the extreme heels 31.

The plates 25 are placed in superposition relative to each other and resting on the inclined rear edges 8 of the superimposed walls 4. The plates 25 thus close the box 22 and represent a back support slab D for the materials or earth to be retained. The superimposition on edge of the plates 25 results in the constitution of a slab D whose rear face has inclined direction channels formed by the alignment of the grooves 31 which are all

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related days by the presence of the rebates 32, even in the case of a relative offset.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the plates 25 necessary for a group G are produced in the form of several sets J of identical plates. Each plate 25 is of straight cross section in the shape of a rectangular trapezium whose bases are defined by the edges 27 and 28. The plates of a set J are identical to each other. On the contrary, the plates 25 of one set J superimposed on another have in section a large base which is equal to the small base of the plates of the lower set J. All the plates therefore have a prismatic shape imparted by the relative inclination of the rear face 29.

On the basis of the calculations of resistance to the push, it is for example necessary to place two of the plates 25 of the set Jj at the base of each group. In such a case, the first plate 25 is oriented 15 so as to have the small base at the bottom. The second plate 25 of the game J! is placed in the reverse position so as to rest on its large base on the large base of the first plate.

Then, the first plate of set J2 is mounted to bear by its large base on the small base of the second plate of set J [. The other two plates of set J2 are then mounted, being successively reversed.

Similar assembly operations take place with regard to the different sets J3 to Jn. The different plates 25 then form a slab D closing the main boxes 22 but also the intermediate boxes. The slab D has in this way a rear face without stepping or abrupt edge and can be associated with a filtering sheet 34, such as in nonwoven synthetic fibers, permeable to water. 30

The above constructive characteristic makes it possible to modulate the plates 25 as a function of the load to be supported and to give them mechanical resistance in relation to the local thrust to be supported.

As mentioned previously, the inclined edges 8 of each of the walls 4 are connected to the corresponding edges by inclined planes 15 and 16. These make it possible to ensure perfect support of the plates 25 on the inclined edges 8 different plates, even in the case where a relative offset in the alignment of the superimposed transverse walls occurs as a result of a 40

misalignment or local presence of materials between edges 5 and 6 of at least two walls 4.

Figs. 1 to 3 and 8 show that it can be provided to make the beams 17 so as to make them comprise, from one of the longitudinal edges, for example, an inclined extension 35. Such an extension extends externally to the alignment of the front edges 7 vertically aligned and represents, in a way, a tank allowing the establishment on the front of plants or the seeding of various plants. In such a case, the extension 35 has, in alignment with the notches 18 and 19, an opening 35a for the passage of the front part of the superimposed walls 4.

Figs. 1 to 3 and 9 also show that it can be provided to extend at least some of the beams, from one of the longitudinal edges, by a conformation 36 into an orthogonal facing segment. Such a segment is intended to be placed in front of the front edges 7 of the various superimposed walls 4, so as to locally close, in the corresponding zone, the anterior face of the erected construction. To this end, openings 36a are provided in alignment with the notches 18 and 19. It therefore becomes possible, if necessary, to completely close the facade of a wall, or even to close it only locally and, by example, at the bottom, to delimit a protective surface similar to the safety rails located along the main traffic lanes. The wall segments 36 may have a height such that they become contiguous for two superimposed beams or that they on the contrary leave a gap then giving the superimposed alignment of the facing segments 36 a louvered appearance.

Fig. 7 shows that, preferably, the pitch of the grooves 31 is greater than their width to allow a good bearing surface of the filter cloth 34 to remain and to avoid obstruction, even partial, of the grooves by penetration of the cloth under the thrust land to remember.

The combination of the different shapes that can be retained for the beams 17 makes it possible to give the facade, either local to each group, or overall of the erected wall, a function of aesthetic facing, anti-noise walls or facades for growing plants in stages.

Figs. 1 and 6 show that the first rear plate 25 of the lower clearance J is preferably in relation to a collector 37 responsible for discharging the water drained and collected by the slab D.

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6 sheets of drawings

Claims (10)

650 822 1. Set of prefabricated elements for the erection of a box wall, comprising transverse elements placed on edge, parallel to each other, superimposed, in local support on longitudinal elements of generally horizontal direction, said elements being mutually nested by notches provided in the facing edges and delimiting, once associated with each other, cells filled with fill material, characterized in that it comprises: - n pairs of transverse walls (1) having: - rectilinear upper and lower edges (5, 6) providing, set back from a front transverse edge (7), two notches (9, 10) of substantially equal depth, A rear edge (8) inclined from the lower edge towards the upper edge and in the direction of the front edge, and for each pair an upper edge of length equal to the lower edge of the wall of the superimposed pair, - n - 1 longitudinal beams (2) of equal length, comprising, in their lateral faces and at a distance from the transverse edges (23), two recesses (18, 19) whose depth of each, added to that of a notch , substantially equal the half-thickness of the beam to establish support for the superimposed walls over the entire length of their edges facing each other, and - rear plates (3) intended to be mounted in abutment on the inclined rear edges of the walls while being superimposed on each other in abutment with one another, having a length equal to that of the longitudinal beams and each having, in the rear face, grooves (30) perpendicular to the longitudinal edges and assuming a collection and drainage function. 2. An assembly according to claim I, characterized in that the notches (18, 19) of the beams (17) are each provided at about a quarter of the total length relative to the corresponding transverse edge. 2 3. The assembly of claim 1, characterized in that the transverse walls (4) have edges (5, 6) having, near the rear edge (8) inclined, a notch (12) nesting a splint (20) and in that each splint consists of an H-shaped segment. 4. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between the height taken between the bottom of the recesses of a wall and the width of a beam defines the tangent of an angle, this angle (<p) being less to the sum of the angle ((p ') of internal friction of the material and the angle (X) determining the fruit of the downstream facade of the wall. 5. Assembly according to one of claims 1 or 3, characterized in that each wall (4) has a rear edge (8) inclined connected to the upper and lower edges (5, 6) by two inclined sides (15, 16) . 6. Assembly according to one of claims 1, 3 or 5, characterized in that the transverse walls have two side faces evi-deed in their part between the plumb of the recesses and the inclined rear edge and each delimit a cell ( 13) with a closed bottom connected to the corresponding face by an inclined peripheral edge (14). 7. The assembly of claim 1, characterized in that the rear plates (25) have, on their rear face, grooves (30) communicating with two rebates (32) formed in the rear face (29), along the longitudinal edges between two extreme heels (31) which the grooves remain. 8. Assembly according to one of claims 1 or 7, characterized in that the rear plates (25) have, in cross section, a rectangular trapezoid shape whose bases are formed by the two longitudinal edges (27, 28) . 9. Assembly according to one of claims 1 or 8, characterized in that it comprises several sets (J) superimposed rear plates (25) of the same characteristics for those of the same set and having, in each set, a longitudinal edge forming a small base of the same width as the longitudinal edge forming a large base of the overlapping set. 10. Wall-box made from an assembly according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is made from assemblies erected and arranged side by side so that the beams are horizontally aligned and substantially in edge-to-edge contact with a sheet (34) of water-permeable fibers covering the rear slabs of the groups and with a lower collector (37) for drainage water.