ES8800791A1 - Perfeccionamientos en los acumuladores electroquimicos - Google Patents

Perfeccionamientos en los acumuladores electroquimicos

Info

Publication number
ES8800791A1
ES8800791A1 ES557031A ES557031A ES8800791A1 ES 8800791 A1 ES8800791 A1 ES 8800791A1 ES 557031 A ES557031 A ES 557031A ES 557031 A ES557031 A ES 557031A ES 8800791 A1 ES8800791 A1 ES 8800791A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
alkali metal
alloy
charge
discharged condition
metallic foil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
ES557031A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
ES557031A0 (es
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Quebec
Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Original Assignee
Hydro Quebec
Societe National Elf Aquitaine
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec, Societe National Elf Aquitaine filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Publication of ES8800791A1 publication Critical patent/ES8800791A1/es
Publication of ES557031A0 publication Critical patent/ES557031A0/es
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
    • H01M4/0461—Electrochemical alloying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/665—Composites
    • H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M6/5005—Auxiliary electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
    • H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)

Abstract

MODIFICACIONES EN LOS ACUMULADORES ELECTROQUIMICOS. CONSISTENTES EN: PREVER UN ANODO CONSTITUIDO POR UN FLEJE METALICO DELGADO, UN ELECTROLITO, ASI COMO UN CATODO A BASE DE OXIDO DE SULFURO O DE HALOGENURO ELABORADO EN SU ESTADO DESCARGADO Y QUE CONSTITUYE UNA FUENTE DE METAL ALCALINO; SER EL CATODO CAPAZ DE LIBERAR DE FORMA REVERSIBLE POR LO MENOS UNA PARTE DEL METAL ALCALINO BAJO EL EFECTO DE UNA RECARGA; INTRODUCIR EL METAL ALCALINO EN EL FLEJE METALICO PARA FORMAR UNA ALEACION DEL METAL ALCALINO Y UNA PARTE DEL METAL QUE CONSTITUYE EL FLEJE METALICO. SIENDO UN FLEJE DE ALUMINIO, MAGNESIO O ESTAÑO Y EL METAL ALCALINO, LITO.
ES557031A 1984-04-11 1986-07-16 Perfeccionamientos en los acumuladores electroquimicos Expired ES8800791A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000451783A CA1222543A (fr) 1984-04-11 1984-04-11 Anodes denses d'alliages de lithium pour batteries tout solide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES8800791A1 true ES8800791A1 (es) 1987-12-01
ES557031A0 ES557031A0 (es) 1987-12-01

Family

ID=4127632

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES542093A Expired ES8702740A1 (es) 1984-04-11 1985-04-10 Perfeccionamiento en los anodos densos y metodo de preparar acumuladores electroquimicos.
ES557031A Expired ES8800791A1 (es) 1984-04-11 1986-07-16 Perfeccionamientos en los acumuladores electroquimicos

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES542093A Expired ES8702740A1 (es) 1984-04-11 1985-04-10 Perfeccionamiento en los anodos densos y metodo de preparar acumuladores electroquimicos.

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (2) US4652506A (es)
EP (1) EP0159937B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS618850A (es)
KR (1) KR850007320A (es)
AT (1) ATE58261T1 (es)
AU (1) AU4016585A (es)
BR (1) BR8501691A (es)
CA (1) CA1222543A (es)
DE (1) DE3580387D1 (es)
DK (1) DK161485A (es)
ES (2) ES8702740A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2563053A1 (es)
GR (1) GR850871B (es)
MA (1) MA20397A1 (es)
NO (1) NO851420L (es)
OA (1) OA07990A (es)
ZA (1) ZA852080B (es)

Families Citing this family (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0198831B1 (en) * 1983-12-09 1990-02-07 National Research Development Corporation Polymeric materials
CA1288473C (fr) * 1987-03-11 1991-09-03 Andre Belanger Electrode mince supportee sur feuillard conducteur electronique et procede de fabrication
IL82169A (en) * 1987-04-10 1991-06-10 Univ Ramot Lithium cell
DE3816199A1 (de) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-24 Bridgestone Corp Elektrische zelle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US4803137A (en) * 1987-05-19 1989-02-07 Bridgestone Corporation Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell
JPH0673303B2 (ja) * 1988-07-01 1994-09-14 三洋電機株式会社 非水系電解液電池
EP0357859B1 (fr) * 1988-09-09 1993-12-22 Hydro-Quebec Procédé de fabrication d'electrodes minces sur un feuillard
JPH0744043B2 (ja) * 1988-10-21 1995-05-15 松下電器産業株式会社 リチウム二次電池
IT1231750B (it) * 1989-05-12 1991-12-21 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Accumulatori al litio ad alta energia e potenza e relativo metodo di produzione
US5030527A (en) * 1990-01-08 1991-07-09 Ultracell Incorporated Radiation cured solid aqueous electrolytes and electrochemical devices employing the same
JP2598335B2 (ja) * 1990-08-28 1997-04-09 三菱電機株式会社 半導体集積回路装置の配線接続構造およびその製造方法
US5227264A (en) * 1991-02-14 1993-07-13 Hydro-Quebec Device for packaging a lithium battery
US5278005A (en) * 1992-04-06 1994-01-11 Advanced Energy Technologies Inc. Electrochemical cell comprising dispersion alloy anode
US5360686A (en) * 1993-08-20 1994-11-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Thin composite solid electrolyte film for lithium batteries
US5558953A (en) * 1993-10-21 1996-09-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electrocrystallized lithuim metal, method for producing the same, and lithium secondary battery
CA2191019C (fr) * 1996-11-22 2001-01-16 Michel Gauthier Anode de lithium rechargeable pour accumulateur a electrolyte polymere
CA2202604C (fr) * 1997-04-14 2000-12-26 Hydro-Quebec Feuillard d'anode alliee et dense a relaxation locale de stress
US6203944B1 (en) * 1998-03-26 2001-03-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrode for a lithium battery
US6255017B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2001-07-03 3M Innovative Properties Co. Electrode material and compositions including same
US6428933B1 (en) 1999-04-01 2002-08-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Lithium ion batteries with improved resistance to sustained self-heating
US6908710B2 (en) * 2001-10-09 2005-06-21 Valence Technology, Inc. Lithiated molybdenum oxide active materials
CA2432397A1 (fr) 2003-06-25 2004-12-25 Hydro-Quebec Procede de preparation d'electrode a partir d'un silicium poreux, electrode ainsi obtenue et systeme electrochimique contenant au moins une telle electrode
US10629947B2 (en) * 2008-08-05 2020-04-21 Sion Power Corporation Electrochemical cell
JP2005294013A (ja) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-20 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 前駆体電池及び非水電解質二次電池
US20080318128A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2008-12-25 Sion Power Corporation Lithium alloy/sulfur batteries
KR101807911B1 (ko) 2011-06-17 2017-12-11 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 전극 도금 기술
CN102881862B (zh) 2011-07-12 2015-03-25 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 保护性金属阳极结构及其制备方法
KR101905233B1 (ko) 2011-10-13 2018-10-05 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 전극 구조물 및 그의 제조 방법
DE102013201853A1 (de) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrode für ein galvanisches Element und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Elektrode
WO2017138361A1 (ja) * 2016-02-09 2017-08-17 日立マクセル株式会社 非水電解液電池
JP7327005B2 (ja) * 2019-04-26 2023-08-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 全固体電池及びその製造方法
CN111864182A (zh) * 2019-04-26 2020-10-30 丰田自动车株式会社 全固体电池及其制造方法
KR20220156571A (ko) 2020-03-18 2022-11-25 피어시카 인크 고체 상태 리튬 이온 배터리를 위한 고에너지밀도 리튬 금속 기반 애노드
US12006387B1 (en) 2022-11-14 2024-06-11 Piersica, Inc. Polymer composition and methods for making same
WO2024116783A1 (ja) * 2022-11-29 2024-06-06 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 リチウム二次電池

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US3493433A (en) * 1964-10-13 1970-02-03 American Cyanamid Co Electrodeposition of alkali metals from nonaqueous solvents
US4162202A (en) * 1976-03-08 1979-07-24 P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. Means for improving contact between Li and the anode current collector
JPS551058A (en) * 1978-06-19 1980-01-07 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Manufacture of negative-polar active substance for nonaqueous electrolyte cell
US4194062A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-03-18 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Rechargeable dichalcogenide cell
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US4330601A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-05-18 Duracell International Inc. Rechargeable nonaqueous silver alloy anode cell
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US4358513A (en) * 1981-07-29 1982-11-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Electrochemical cell and negative electrode therefor
US4434213A (en) * 1982-05-13 1984-02-28 Rayovac Corporation Lithium anode
CA1173900A (fr) * 1982-06-30 1984-09-04 Hydro-Quebec Anodes composites et souples de pile au lithium en milieu non-aqueux
JPS59146165A (ja) * 1983-02-08 1984-08-21 Kao Corp 電気化学電池
FR2541825B1 (fr) * 1983-02-28 1986-02-28 Comp Generale Electricite Electrode pour generateur electrochimique secondaire, son procede de fabrication et generateur comportant une telle electrode
US4520083A (en) * 1983-03-02 1985-05-28 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Non-aqueous electrochemical cell and electrolyte
GB8412304D0 (en) * 1984-05-14 1984-06-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Composite cathode
US4560630A (en) * 1984-09-27 1985-12-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Rechargeable lithium cell having an electrolyte comprising 4-butyrolactone in dimethoxyethane
US4587182A (en) * 1984-12-11 1986-05-06 Moli Energy Limited Constant volume lithium battery cell and process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES557031A0 (es) 1987-12-01
EP0159937A2 (fr) 1985-10-30
DK161485D0 (da) 1985-04-10
FR2563053A1 (fr) 1985-10-18
NO851420L (no) 1985-10-14
AU4016585A (en) 1985-10-17
DK161485A (da) 1985-10-12
KR850007320A (ko) 1985-12-02
US4652506A (en) 1987-03-24
US4794060A (en) 1988-12-27
JPS618850A (ja) 1986-01-16
CA1222543A (fr) 1987-06-02
DE3580387D1 (de) 1990-12-13
JPH0550815B2 (es) 1993-07-30
EP0159937B1 (fr) 1990-11-07
GR850871B (es) 1985-11-25
ATE58261T1 (de) 1990-11-15
FR2563053B1 (es) 1995-01-27
EP0159937A3 (en) 1987-10-07
ES542093A0 (es) 1987-01-16
ES8702740A1 (es) 1987-01-16
OA07990A (fr) 1987-01-31
MA20397A1 (fr) 1985-12-31
ZA852080B (en) 1985-11-27
BR8501691A (pt) 1985-12-10

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