ES2287635T3 - Dispositivo inflamable mejorado para uso en metodos quirurgicos relacinados a la fijacion de hueso. - Google Patents
Dispositivo inflamable mejorado para uso en metodos quirurgicos relacinados a la fijacion de hueso. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2287635T3 ES2287635T3 ES04076935T ES04076935T ES2287635T3 ES 2287635 T3 ES2287635 T3 ES 2287635T3 ES 04076935 T ES04076935 T ES 04076935T ES 04076935 T ES04076935 T ES 04076935T ES 2287635 T3 ES2287635 T3 ES 2287635T3
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- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- bone
- ball
- balloon
- cavity
- vertebral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
Un ensamblaje para usar en el tratamiento de un hueso que comprende: una cánula (26) cuyo interior proporciona una vía de acceso percutáneo para insertar instrumentos dentro del hueso; un dispositivo (10) adaptado para formar una cavidad en el hueso esponjoso por ampliación de un primer tamaño que permita el paso del dispositivo a través de la cánula para la inserción dentro del hueso, a unas segunda forma y tamaño predeterminados suficiente para compactar al menos una porción del hueso esponjoso tal como para formar la cavidad adentro; incluyendo el dispositivo por lo menos un componente (117) para resistir la ampliación del dispositivo más allá de la forma y tamaño predeterminados un catéter (21) el cual tiene un tamaño para pasar a través de la cánula y está adaptado para conducir el dispositivo a través de la cánula dentro del hueso; una herramienta para colocar dentro de la cavidad a través de la vía de acceso percutánea un volumen de material de relleno. - 11 -
Description
Dispositivo inflamable mejorado para uso en
métodos quirúrgicos relacionados a la fijación de hueso.
Esta invención se relaciona a las mejoras en el
tratamiento quirúrgico de las condiciones óseas de los sistemas
óseos humanos y de otros animales y, más particularmente, a un
dispositivo similar a un balón inflable para uso en el tratamiento
de tales condiciones óseas. La osteoporosis, la necrosis avascular y
el cáncer de hueso son enfermedades del hueso que predisponen al
hueso a fractura o colapso. Hay 2 millones de fracturas cada año en
los Estados Unidos, de las cuales alrededor de 1,3 millones son
causadas por la osteoporosis. La necrosis avascular y los cánceres
óseos son más raros pero pueden causar problemas óseos que son pobre
y corrientemente dirigidos.
La US-5.163.949 da a conocer un
retractor operado por fluido para usar en cirugía. El retractor
tiene una porción la cual es expansible durante la introducción de
fluido bajo presión.
En las U.S. Patentes 4.969.888 y 5.108.404, un
aparato y un método son dados a conocer para la fijación de
fracturas u otras condiciones de sistemas óseos humanos u otros
animales, tanto osteoporóticos y no osteoporóticos. Los aparatos y
métodos son especialmente adecuados para usar en la fijación de,
pero no limitado a, fracturas por compresión de cuerpos
vertebrales, fracturas Colles y fracturas del húmero proximal.
El método dado a conocer en estas dos patentes
incluye una serie de etapas en las que el cirujano o suministrador
de cuidados de salud pueden actuar para formar una cavidad en hueso
patológico (que incluye pero no limitado al hueso osteoporótico,
hueso metafisial y epifisial fracturado osteoporótico, cuerpos
vertebrales osteoporóticos, cuerpos vertebrales osteoporóticos
fracturados, fracturas de cuerpos vertebrales debidas a tumores
especialmente tumores celulares circundantes, necrosis avascular de
las epífisis de huesos largos, especialmente necrosis avascular del
fémur proximal, fémur distal y húmero proximal y los defectos que
surgen de condiciones endocrinas).
El método además incluye una incisión en la piel
(usualmente una incisión, pero una segunda pequeña incisión puede
también ser requerida si una succión de salida es usada) seguida
por la colocación de una clavija guía la cual es pasada a través
del tejido blando abajo y dentro del hueso.
El método además incluye perforar el hueso a ser
tratado para formar una cavidad o pasaje en el hueso, a continuación
del cual un dispositivo inflable similar a un balón es insertado en
la cavidad e inflado. El inflamiento del dispositivo inflable causa
una compactación del hueso esponjoso y la médula ósea contra la
superficie interior de la pared cortical del hueso para ampliar más
la cavidad o pasaje. El dispositivo inflable es entonces desinflado
y entonces es completamente extraído del hueso. Un dispositivo
inflable más pequeño (un balón de inicio) puede ser usado
inicialmente, si se necesita, para iniciar la compactación de la
médula ósea y para comenzar la formación de la cavidad o pasaje en
el hueso esponjoso y en la médula. Después que esto ha ocurrido, un
dispositivo inflable mayor es insertado en la cavidad o pasaje para
compactar más la médula ósea en todas direcciones.
Un material de relleno biocompatible fluido, tal
como cemento metil-metacrilato o un sustituto óseo
sintético, es entonces dirigido dentro de la cavidad o pasaje y
permitido para ajustar una condición endurecida para proporcionar
sustentación estructural para el hueso. A continuación de esta
última etapa, los instrumentos de inserción son extraídos del
cuerpo y la incisión en la piel es cubierta con un vendaje.
Mientras que los aparatos y el método de las
patentes anteriores proporcionan un protocolo adecuado para la
fijación del hueso, ha sido encontrado que la compactación de la
médula ósea y/o el hueso trabecular y/o el hueso esponjoso contra
la superficie interna de la pared cortical del hueso a ser tratado
puede ser significativamente mejorada con el uso de dispositivos
inflables que incorporan características de ingeniería adicionales
no descritas previamente y no propiamente controladas con
anteriores dispositivos inflables en tales patentes. Una necesidad
ha por consiguiente surgido para mejoramientos en la forma,
construcción y tamaño de dispositivos inflables para usar con los
aparatos y método precedentes, y la presente invención satisface tal
necesidad.
Una revisión de la técnica anterior que se
relaciona a la fabricación de balones muestra que una cantidad
aceptable de información general ha sido acumulada en la formación
de catéteres guías los cuales son introducidos dentro de los
sistemas cardiovasculares de los pacientes a través de las arterias
bronquial y femoral. Sin embargo, hay insuficiente divulgación
relacionada a los dispositivos inflables usados en el hueso, y
ninguna para la compactación de la médula ósea en los cuerpos
vertebrales y huesos largos.
En un catéter de dilatación, el catéter es
avanzado dentro de un paciente hasta que el balón es posicionado
apropiadamente a través de una lesión a ser tratada. El balón es
inflado con un líquido radio-opaco a presiones por
encima de cuatro atmósferas para compactar la placa de la lesión
para así dilatar el lumen de la arteria. El balón puede ser
entonces desinflado, entonces extraído de la arteria tal que el
flujo sanguíneo puede ser restablecido a través de la arteria
dilatada.
Una discusión de tal técnica del uso del
catéter es encontrada y claramente revelada en la U.S. Patente
5.163.989. Otros detalles de procedimientos de catéter de
angioplastia, y detalles de los balones usados en tales
procedimientos pueden ser encontrados en las U.S. Patentes
4.323.071, 4.332.254, 4.439.185, 4.168.224, 4.516.672, 4.538.622,
4.554.929, y 4.616.652.
Las expulsiones pueden también ser hechas para
formar balones en forma de prisma por el uso de moldes los cuales
requieren un maquinado muy exacto de la superficie interior para
formar de ahí balones aceptables para catéteres angioplásticos. Sin
embargo, esta técnica de expulsión forma líneas divisorias en el
balón producto de las cuales líneas divisorias son limitadas en el
sentido de suministrar una pared débil para el balón en sí.
La Patente 5.163.989 da a conocer un molde y una
técnica para moldear catéteres de dilatación en los cuales el balón
del catéter es libre de líneas divisorias. La técnica implica inflar
un miembro plástico de forma tubular como para presionarlo contra
la superficie de moldeo interior la cual es calentada. Los
dispositivos inflables son moldeados en la forma y tamaño deseados,
entonces enfriados y desinflados para extraerlos del molde. La
patente establece que, mientras el balón de la presente invención es
especialmente adecuado para formar balones en forma similares de
prisma, también puede ser usado para formar balones de una amplia
variedad de tamaños y formas.
Un mejoramiento particular en la técnica de
catéter con respecto a esta patente, particularmente la U.S. Patente
4.706.670, es el uso de un catéter coaxial con los tubos interior y
exterior formados y reforzados por filamentos helicoidales
continuos. Tales filamentos se cruzan unos a otros y causan que el
eje del balón se haga más corto en longitud mientras la porción
móvil del fuste se hace más larga en longitud. Balanceando
adecuadamente las longitudes y el ángulo de la trama del balón y
las porciones móviles de los filamentos, los cambios en longitud
pueden ser hechos para compensar uno del otro. Así, la posición del
entubado interior y exterior puede ser ajustada como se necesite
para mantener el balón en una posición deseada en el vaso
sanguíneo.
Otras divulgaciones relacionadas a la inserción
de dispositivos inflables para el tratamiento de la osamenta de
pacientes incluyen lo siguiente:
La U.S. Patente 4.313.434 se relaciona a la
fijación de un hueso largo por la inserción de una vejiga flexible
desinflada en una cavidad medular, el inflamiento de una vejiga de
balón, el sellaje del interior de un hueso largo hasta la sanación
han ocurrido, entonces extrayendo la vejiga y rellenando la abertura
a través de la cual emerge la vejiga del hueso largo.
La U.S. Patente 5.102.413 da a conocer la forma
en la cual una vejiga inflable es usada para anclar una varilla
metálica para la fijación de un hueso largo fracturado.
Otras referencias las cuales dan a conocer el
uso de balones y cemento para el anclaje de una prótesis incluyen
las U.S. Patentes 5.147.366, 4.892.550, 4.697.584, 4.562.598, y
4.399.814.
Una patente holandesa, NL 901858, da a conocer
un medio para reparar la fractura con una bolsa impregnada de
cemento la cual es inflada en una cavidad preformada y dejada
endurecer.
Puede ser concluido de la revisión precedente de
la técnica anterior que hay poca o ninguna información sustantiva
sobre los dispositivos inflables usados para crear cavidades en el
hueso. Esto no enseña la forma del balón el cual crea una cavidad
que soporta mejor el hueso cuando es apropiadamente rellenado. Esto
no enseña como impedir que los balones se hagan esféricos cuando
están inflados, cuando esto es deseado. Los balones médicos
actuales pueden compactar el hueso pero son demasiado pequeños y
generalmente tienen la configuración equivocada y generalmente no
son lo suficientemente fuertes para lograr la formación de la
cavidad adecuada ni en los cuerpos vertebrales ni en los huesos del
cuerpo.
Las U.S. Patentes 4.969.888 y 5.108.404 dan a
conocer un balón en forma de fichas de juego de damas para compactar
el hueso esponjoso, pero no suministra información sobre cómo este
balón permanece en su forma cuando se infla.
Así, la necesidad continúa por un dispositivo
inflable mejorado para usar con huesos patológicos y el
tratamiento del mismo.
La presente invención está dirigida a un
conjunto para usar en el tratamiento de un hueso como se define en
la reivindicación 1. El dispositivo que es adaptado para formar una
cavidad en el hueso esponjoso es preferentemente un dispositivo
inflable similar a un balón o un balón. Tales dispositivos
inflables, a partir de ahora algunas veces referidos a los balones,
tienen formas para compactar el hueso esponjoso y la médula
(también conocidos como hueso medular o hueso trabecular) contra la
corteza interna de los huesos tanto si los huesos están o no
fracturados.
En particular, la presente invención está
dirigida a un balón para usar en el tratamiento de un hueso
predispuesto a fractura o colapso. El balón comprende un cuerpo de
balón inflable, no expansible para la inserción dentro de dicho
hueso. El cuerpo tiene una forma y tamaño predeterminados cuando
está sustancialmente inflado lo suficiente para compactar al menos
una porción del hueso esponjoso interno para crear una cavidad en el
hueso esponjoso y restaurar la posición original del hueso cortical
exterior, si está fracturado o colapsado. El cuerpo del balón es
restringido para crear dicha forma y tamaño predeterminados tal que
el cuerpo del balón completamente inflado es impedido para aplicar
presión sustancial a la superficie interna del hueso cortical
externo si dicho hueso no está ni fracturado ni colapsado.
En adición a la forma del dispositivo inflable
en sí, otro aspecto de importancia es la construcción de la pared o
paredes del balón tal que el inflamiento apropiado el cuerpo del
balón es logrado para proporcionar óptima compresión de toda la
médula ósea. El material del balón es también deseablemente escogido
tan que sea capaz de plegar el balón tal que pueda ser insertado
rápida y fácilmente dentro de un hueso por el uso de una clavija
guía y una cánula, no obstante pueda también resistir altas
presiones cuando se infla. El balón también puede incluir rebordes
o escotaduras las cuales son dejadas en la cavidad después de que el
balón ha sido extraído, para acentuar la estabilidad del relleno.
También, el dispositivo inflable puede ser hecho para tener un
catéter de succión interno opcional. Éste es usado para extraer
cualquier grasa o fluido expelido del hueso durante el inflamiento
del balón en el hueso. Además, el cuerpo del balón puede ser
protegido de perforaciones por el hueso cortical o la cánula siendo
cubierto mientras esté dentro de la cánula con una funda protectora
opcional de un material adecuado, tal como Klevar o PET u otro
polímero o sustancia que pueda proteger el balón. Este propósito
principal del dispositivo inflable, por consiguiente, es la
formación o ampliación de una cavidad o pasaje en un hueso,
especialmente en, pero no limitada a los cuerpos vertebrales.
El objeto primario de la presente invención es
suministrar un dispositivo inflable similar a un balón para usar en
realizar un protocolo quirúrgico de formación de cavidad en huesos
para acentuar la eficiencia del protocolo, minimizar el tiempo
antes de realizar la cirugía para cuyo protocolo es diseñado y para
mejorar el resultado clínico. Estos balones aproximan la forma
interior del hueso en los que están introducidos para compactar
máximamente el hueso esponjoso. Tienen elementos adicionales
destinados a lograr propósitos clínicos específicos.
Preferiblemente, están hechos de material no elástico y mantenidos
en sus configuraciones definidas cuando se inflan, por varias
restricciones, que incluyen (pero no limitadas a) el uso de
materiales no elásticos en el cuerpo del balón, costuras en el
balón creadas por pegar o fundir en conjunto piezas separadas de
material, o por fundir o pegar en conjunto los lados opuestos del
cuerpo del balón, material tejido dentro o fuera del cuerpo del
balón, cordones o bandas colocadas en puntos seleccionados en el
cuerpo del balón, y balones apilados de similares o diferentes
tamaños o formas al tope de cada otra por pegamento o fundición en
caliente de ellos en conjunto. Rebordes opcionales o escotaduras
creadas por las estructuras precedentes, o añadidas por pegar
material adicional, incrementa la estabilidad del relleno.
Dispositivos de succión opcionales, preferiblemente colocados tal
que al menos un agujero está en el punto más bajo de la cavidad que
siendo formada, permitirá que la cavidad sea limpiada antes de
rellenar.
Entre las varias realizaciones de la presente
invención están las siguientes:
1. Un balón en forma de rosquilla (o toroide)
con un catéter opcional de succión incorporado para extraer grasa y
otros productos expelidos durante la expansión del balón.
2. Un balón con una forma exterior esférica
rodeado por un segmento de balón en forma de aro para la formación
del cuerpo de la cavidad.
3. Un balón el cual está en configuración de
forma de riñón. Tal balón puede ser construido en una sola capa, o
varias capas apiladas una sobre otra.
4. Un balón de forma esférica que se acerca al
tamaño de la cabeza del fémur (o sea, la epífisis femoral proximal).
Tal balón puede ser una semiesfera.
5. Un balón en forma de banana jorobada o en
forma de pirámide modificada que se acerca a la configuración del
extremo distal del radio (o sea, la epífisis radial distal y
metáfisis).
6. Un balón en forma de elipse cilíndrica para
acercarse a la configuración de la mitad central o la mitad lateral
de la epífisis tibial proximal. Tal balón puede además ser
construido para acercarse a la configuración de ambas mitades de la
epífisis tibial proximal.
7. Un balón en forma de una esfera sobre una
base para acercarse a la forma de la epífisis humeral proximal y
metáfisis con un tapón para compactar el hueso esponjoso en la
diáfisis, sellándolo.
8. Un dispositivo de balón con un dispositivo
opcional de succión.
9. Fundas protectoras para actuar como miembros
de defensa a las perforaciones que cubren opcionalmente cada balón
dentro de su catéter.
La presente invención, por consiguiente,
suministra dispositivos inflables perfeccionados para crear o
ampliar una cavidad o pasaje en un hueso en donde los dispositivos
son insertados en el hueso. La configuración de cada dispositivo
está definida por el hueso cortical circundante y las estructuras
internas adyacentes, y está diseñada para ocupar alrededor del
70-90% del volumen del interior del hueso, aunque
los balones que son tan pequeños como alrededor del 40% y tan
grandes como alrededor del 99% son utilizables para fracturas. En
ciertos casos, usualmente el 10% del volumen del área del hueso
esponjoso del área de hueso que ha sido tratada, debido a la
naturaleza localizada de la fractura o colapso. El tamaño totalmente
expandido y la forma del balón está limitado por el material
adicional en porciones seleccionadas del cuerpo del balón cuyo
grosor extra crea una restricción así como o por las restricciones
interna o externas formadas en el dispositivo, que incluyen, pero
no limitadas a, el trabajo de malla, una bobina o un carrete de un
material laminado a porciones del cuerpo del balón, cordones
continuos o no continuos a través del interior, mantenido en el
interior en lugares específicos por pegamento interno o por
trenzarlos a través del exterior o costuras en el cuerpo del balón
creadas por pegar dos piezas del cuerpo en conjunto o por pegar
los lados opuestos de un cuerpo a través de pegamento o calor. Las
porciones esféricas de los balones pueden ser restringidas por el
uso de materiales no elásticos en la construcción del cuerpo del
balón, o pueden ser adicionalmente restringidas como tal se
describe. El material del balón puede ser material no elástico,
tales como tetraftalato de polietileno (PET), nylon, Kevlar® u otro
materiales de balón médicos patentados. Puede además ser hecho de
materiales semi-elásticos, tales como silicona, o
materiales elásticos tales como látex, si las restricciones
apropiadas son incorporadas. Las restricciones pueden ser hechas de
un material flexible, no elástico de alta fortaleza que incluye,
pero no limitado, a aquellos descritos en la U.S. Pat. No.
4.706.670. El grosor de la pared del balón está típicamente en el
rango de 2/1000avo a 25/1000avo de pulgada, u otros grosores que
pueden resistir presiones hasta de 250 a 400 psi.
Un propósito principal de la ampliación del
cuerpo vertebral percutáneo de la presente invención es suministrar
un balón el cual puede crear una cavidad dentro del cuerpo vertebral
cuya configuración es óptima para sostener el hueso. Otro propósito
importante es mover el tope del hueso vertebral de regreso en el
lugar para retener la altura donde sea posible, sin embargo, ambos
de estos objetos deben ser logrados sin fracturar la pared cortical
del cuerpo vertebral. Esta característica podría empujar el hueso
vertebral hacia la columna vertebral, una condición la cual no es
deseada.
La presente invención satisface estos propósitos
a través del diseño de dispositivos inflables a ser descritos. El
inflamiento de tal dispositivo compacta el hueso esponjoso blando
que contiene calcio dentro de una fina concha que reviste el
interior del hueso cortical duro y crea una cavidad amplia.
Al mismo tiempo, los componentes biológicos
(células sanguíneas rojas, células óseas madres) dentro del hueso
blando son presionados hacia fuera y extraídos por enjuague durante
el procedimiento. El cuerpo recrea la forma del interior de un
cuerpo vertebral no fracturado, pero óptimamente se detiene
aproximadamente al 70 al 90% del volumen interior. Los balones de
la presente invención son no elásticos, tal que inflándolos
máximamente pueden solamente recrear la forma y tamaño
predeterminados. Sin embargo, los balones convencionales se vuelven
esféricos cuando se inflan. Las formas esféricas no permitirán al
cemento óseo endurecido soportar la columna vertebral
adecuadamente, ya que ellos hacen puntos de contacto únicos en cada
superficie del cuerpo vertebral (el equivalente de un círculo
dentro de un cuadrado, o de una esfera dentro de un cilindro). Los
balones de la presente invención recrean las superficies planas del
cuerpo vertebral por la incorporación de restricciones que
mantienen el balón en la formas deseada. Esto maximiza los contactos
entre las superficies del cuerpo vertebral y el cemento óseo, el
cual fortalece la columna vertebral. En adición, el volumen del
relleno óseo que rellena estas cavidades crea un manto grueso de
cemento (4 mm o más), el cual es requerido para la fortaleza
compresiva apropiada. Otra característica útil, aunque no requerida,
son los rebordes en los balones las cuales dejan sus huellas en el
revestimiento del hueso esponjoso compactado. Los "dedos" de
cemento óseo resultantes proporcionan estabilidad aumentada.
Los balones los cuales pueden óptimamente
compactar el hueso esponjoso en cuerpos vertebrales son balones
enumerados como tipos de balón 1, 2 y por encima de 3. Estos balones
son configurados para acercarse a la forma del cuerpo vertebral. Ya
que el balón es seleccionado para ocupar del 70 al 90% del volumen
interior, no ejercerá presión indebida sobre los lados del cuerpo
vertebral, de esa manera el cuerpo vertebral no se expandirá más
allá de su tamaño normal (fracturado o no fracturado). Sin embargo,
ya que el balón tiene la altura de un cuerpo vertebral no
fracturado, puede mover el tope, el cual ha colapsado de regreso a
su posición original.
Un propósito primordial de la ampliación humeral
proximal percutánea es crear una cavidad dentro del húmero proximal
cuya configuración es óptima para soportar el húmero proximal. Otro
propósito importante es ayudar a realinear la cabeza humeral con el
eje del húmero cuando están separados por una fractura. Ambos de
estos propósitos deben ser logrados por ejercer presión
primeramente sobre el hueso esponjoso, y no sobre el hueso
cortical. La presión indebida contra el hueso cortical podría
concebiblemente causar un empeoramiento en una fractura de hombro
por causa de fracturas del hueso cortical.
La presente invención satisface estos propósitos
a través del diseño de dispositivos inflables a ser descritos. El
inflamiento de tal dispositivo compacta el hueso esponjoso contra
las paredes corticales de la epífisis y la metáfisis del húmero
proximal por consiguiente se crea una cavidad. En algunos casos, en
dependencia de la ubicación de la fractura, el balón o dispositivo
inflable puede ser usado para ampliar la cavidad dentro de la parte
proximal de la diáfisis humeral.
Debido al diseño del balón "esfera en pie"
(descrita como número 7 antes), la cavidad hecha por este balón
recrea o se aproxima a la forma de una pared cortical interna del
hueso húmero proximal. El volumen aproximado de la cavidad hecha
por "la esférica sobre un balón en pie" es del 70 al 90% que
la de la epífisis y metáfisis humerales proximales, principalmente,
pero no necesariamente exclusiva de, parte de la diáfisis. La forma
se aproxima a la forma de la cabeza humeral. La base es diseñada
para compactar el hueso trabecular dentro de una "clavija " de
hueso en la metáfisis distal o la diáfisis proximal. Esta clavija de
hueso impedirá el flujo de material inyectable dentro del eje del
húmero, mejorando el resultado clínico. La esfera puede ser usada
también sin una base.
Un propósito primordial de la ampliación del
radio distal percutáneo es crear una cavidad dentro del radio
distal cuya configuración es óptima para soportar el radio distal.
Otro propósito importante es ayudar al ajuste fino de la
realineación de la fractura después que la fractura ha sido
parcialmente realineada por las redes de dedos. Ambas de estos
propósitos deben ser logrados ejerciendo presión primariamente sobre
el hueso esponjoso y no sobre el hueso cortical. La presión
excesiva contra el hueso cortical podría concebiblemente causar
fracturas óseas corticales, empeorando así la condición.
La presente invención satisface estos propósitos
a través del diseño de dispositivos inflables o ya descritos o a ser
descritos.
El diseño de una "banana jorobada", o el
diseño de pirámide modificada (como se describió como número 5
antes), se aproximan a la forma del radio distal por consiguiente,
la cavidad hecha por este balón se aproxima a la forma del radio
distal también. El volumen aproximado de la cavidad a ser hecha por
este balón en forma de banana jorobada es del 70 al 90% que el de
la epífisis distal y la metáfisis primariamente de, pero no
necesariamente exclusiva de, alguna parte de la diáfisis radial
distal. El inflamiento de tal dispositivo compacta el hueso
esponjoso contra las paredes corticales de la epífisis y metáfisis
del radio distal para crear una cavidad. En algunos casos, en
dependencia de la ubicación de la fractura, el balón óseo o
dispositivo inflable puede ser usado para ampliar la cavidad dentro
de la parte distal de la diáfisis radial.
Un propósito primordial de la ampliación de la
cabeza femoral percutánea es crear una cavidad dentro de la cabeza
femoral cuya configuración es óptima para soportar la cabeza
femoral. Otro propósito importante es ayudar a la compactación del
hueso necrótico avascular (o aséptica) o soportar el hueso necrótico
avascular en la cabeza femoral. Este propósito puede incluir la
realineación del hueso avascular de regreso a la posición que
ocupaba previamente en la cabeza femoral para mejorar la forma
esférica de la cabeza femoral. Estos propósitos deben ser logrados
ejerciendo presión primariamente sobre el hueso esponjoso dentro de
la cabeza femoral.
La presente invención satisface estos propósitos
a través del diseño de dispositivos inflables o ya descritos o a ser
descritos.
El diseño del balón óseo esférico (descrito
como balón tipo 4 arriba) se aproxima a la forma de la cabeza del
fémur y por lo tanto crea una cavidad la cual se aproxima a la
forma de la cabeza femoral igualmente. (Se notará que la forma
esférica de este dispositivo inflable también se aproxima a la forma
de la cabeza del húmero y podría, de hecho, ser apropiado para la
formación de la cavidad en esta localización ósea igualmente).
Inflando un tal dispositivo se compacta el hueso esponjoso de la
cabeza femoral contra sus paredes corticales internas para crear
una cavidad. En algunos casos, en dependencia de la extensión de la
necrosis avascular, una pequeña o amplia cavidad dentro de la
cabeza femoral será formada. En algunos casos, si el área de
necrosis avascular es pequeña, un pequeño balón será utilizado el
cuál podría crear una cavidad de solo un 10 al 15% del volumen de
la cabeza femoral. Si áreas mayores de la cabeza femoral están
involucradas con la necrosis avascular, entonces un balón más
grande será utilizado el cual podría crear una cavidad más grande,
con aproximación del 80 al 90% del volumen de la cabeza femoral.
El balón hemisférico se aproxima a la forma de
la mitad superior de la cabeza femoral (y humeral), y proporciona
un medio para compactar el hueso esponjoso en un área de necrosis
avascular o de fractura pequeña sin perturbar el resto de la
cabeza. Esto facilita en el futuro hacer una reposición total de la
articulación si se requiere.
Un propósito primordial de la ampliación de la
cabeza femoral percutánea es crear una cavidad dentro de la tibia
proximal cuya configuración es óptima para soportar cualquiera de
las mesetas medial o lateral. Otro propósito importante es ayudar a
reestructurar los fragmentos de fracturas de las fracturas de la
meseta tibial, particularmente aquellas facciones con fragmentos
deprimidos debajo de (o inferior a) su localización habitual. Ambos
de estos objetos deben ser logrados por la aplicación de presión en
el hueso esponjoso primariamente y no en el hueso cortical. La
presión en el hueso cortical podría concebiblemente causar el
empeoramiento de la fractura de la meseta tibial.
La presente invención satisface estos propósitos
a través del diseño de dispositivos inflables que serán descritos.
Inflando tal dispositivo se compacta el hueso esponjoso contra las
paredes corticales de la meseta tibial medial o lateral para crear
una cavidad.
Debido al diseño del balón "cilindro
elíptico" (descrito como balón tipo 6 arriba) la cavidad hecha
por este balón recrea o se aproxima a la forma de las paredes
corticales de cualquiera de las mesetas tibiales medial o lateral.
El volumen aproximado de la cavidad a ser hecha por el apropiado
balón cilíndrico elíptico es del 50 al 90% del hueso epifisial
proximal de cualquiera de la mitad medial o de la mitad lateral de
la tibia.
Otros objetos de la presente invención serán
ostensibles según las siguientes especificaciones progresen, las
referencias se harán apreciables mientras la especificación
siguiente progrese, la referencia sean tenidas para acompañar los
dibujos para una ilustración de la invención.
La fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de una
primera realización del balón de la presente invención, la
realización que es en forma de un ensamblaje de rosquilla
apilada;
La fig. 2 es una sección vertical a través del
balón de la fig. 1 que muestra la manera en la cual las porciones
de rosquilla del balón de la fig. 1 se acomodan dentro de la cavidad
de un cuerpo vertebral;
La fig. 3 es una vista esquemática de otra
realización del balón de la presente invención que muestra tres
balones apilados y restricciones similares a cuerdas para limitar
la expansión del balón en las direcciones de inflamiento;
La fig. 4 es una vista superior de un balón
esférico que tiene un aro cilíndrico que circunda el balón;
La fig. 5 es una sección vertical a través del
balón esférico y el aro de la fig. 4;
La fig. 6 muestra un balón de forma oblonga con
un catéter que se extiende en la porción central del balón;
La fig. 6A es una vista en perspectiva de una
manera en la cual un catéter es dispuesto relativo a los tubos
interiores para inflar el balón de la fig. 6;
La fig. 7 es un tubo de succión y un tubo de
inyección de contraste para realizar el inflado del balón y extraer
los restos causados por la expansión del propio balón;
La fig. 8 es una sección vertical a través del
balón después que ha sido desinflado y cómo está siendo insertado
en el cuerpo vertebral de un humano;
Las figs. 9, y 9A son vistas en elevación
lateral de una cánula que muestran cómo la funda protectora o
miembro de protección se expande cuando se retira la cánula;
La fig. 9B es una sección vertical a través de
un hueso vertebral dentro del cual un agujero de acceso ha sido
barrenado;
La fig. 10 es una vista en perspectiva de otra
realización del balón de la presente invención formado en la forma
de un riñón;
La fig. 11 es una vista en perspectiva del
cuerpo vertebral que muestra el balón en forma de riñón de la fig.
10 insertado en el hueso y expandido;
La fig. 12 es una vista superior de un balón en
forma de riñón formado por varios compartimientos por un elemento
calorífico o herramienta de sellaje;
La fig. 13 es una vista en corte seccional
tomada a lo largo de la línea 13-13 de la fig. 12,
pero con dos balones en forma de riñón que han sido apilados;
La fig. 14 es una vista similar a la fig. 11
pero que muestra el balón en forma de riñón apilado de la fig. 13 en
el hueso vertebral;
La fig. 15 es una vista superior de un balón de
riñón que muestra los rebordes exteriores que sostienen las cuerdas
interiores en su lugar y que interconectan las paredes superiores e
inferiores del balón;
La fig. 16 es una vista en corte seccional
tomada a lo largo de la línea 16-16 de la fig.
15;
La fig. 17A es una vista dorsal de un balón de
banana jorobada en un radio distal derecho;
La fig. 17B es una vista en corte seccional de
la fig. 17A tomada a lo largo de la línea 17B-17B de
la fig. 17A.
La fig. 18 es un balón esférico con una base en
el húmero proximal visto desde el frente (anterior) del húmero
proximal izquierdo;
La fig. 19A es la vista frontal (anterior) de la
tibia proximal con el balón de cilindro elíptico introducido por
debajo de la meseta tibial media;
La fig. 19B es una vista en tres cuartos del
balón de la fig. 19A;
La fig. 19C es una vista en elevación lateral
del balón de la fig. 19A;
La fig. 19D es una vista plana superior del
balón de la fig. 19A;
La fig. 20 es un balón de forma esférica para el
tratamiento de necrosis avascular de la cabeza del fémur (o húmero)
como es visto desde el frente (anterior) de la cadera izquierda;
y
La fig. 20A es una vista lateral de un balón
hemisféricamente formado para el tratamiento de la necrosis
avascular de la cabeza del fémur (o húmero).
Una primera realización del balón (fig. 1) de la
presente invención es ampliamente denotado por el número 10 e
incluye un cuerpo de balón 11 que tiene un par de partes 12 y 14
huecas, no expansibles de material flexible, tal como PET o Klevar.
Las partes 12 y 14 tienen un tubo de succión 16 interno para sacar
grasas y otros restos por succión en el tubo 16 para transferir a
una localización de desechos remota. El catéter tiene uno o más
agujeros tales que la succión puede ser aplicada al extremo abierto
del tubo 16 desde una fuente de succión (no mostrada).
Las partes 12 y 14 están conectadas juntas por
un adhesivo el cual puede ser de cualquier tipo adecuado. Las
partes 12 y 14 son en forma de rosquilla como se muestra en la fig.
1 y tiene los tubos 18 y 20 con los cuales se comunican y se
extienden fuera de las partes 12 y 14, respectivamente, a una fuente
de líquido de inflamiento bajo presión (no mostrada). El líquido
puede ser cualquier solución biocompatible estéril. El líquido
infla el balón 10, particularmente las partes 12 y 14 del mismo
después que el balón ha sido insertado en una condición colapsada
(fig. 8) dentro del hueso a ser tratado, tal como un hueso vertebral
22 en la fig. 2. Las patentes mencionadas antes 4.969.888 y
5.108.404 dan a conocer el uso de una clavija guía y una cánula
para insertar el balón dentro del hueso a ser tratado cuando el
balón está desinflado y ha sido insertado en un tubo y conducido
por el catéter dentro del hueso cortical en el que el balón es
inflado.
La fig. 8 muestra un balón 10 desinflado que
está siendo insertado a través de la cánula 26 dentro del hueso. El
balón en la cánula 26 está desinflado y es forzado a través de la
cánula ejerciendo fuerza manual sobre el catéter 21 el cual se
extiende dentro del pasaje 28 extendiéndose dentro del interior del
hueso. El catéter es ligeramente flexible pero es suficientemente
rígido para permitir que el balón sea forzado dentro del interior
del hueso en el que el balón es entonces inflado por la conducción
del fluido en el tubo 88 cuyos terminales de salida están acoplados
a las respectivas partes 12 y 14.
En su uso, el balón 10 está inicialmente
desinflado y, después que el hueso a ser rellenado con el balón ha
sido preparado para recibir el balón con una perforación, el balón
desinflado es forzado dentro del hueso en una condición colapsada a
través de la cánula 26. El hueso es mostrado en la fig. 2. El balón
es orientado preferiblemente tal que permite ejercer una presión
mínima sobre la médula ósea y/o el hueso esponjoso si no hay
fractura o colapso del hueso. Tal presión compactará la médula ósea
y/o el hueso esponjoso contra la pared interior del hueso cortical,
compactando así la médula ósea del hueso a ser tratado y para además
ampliar la cavidad en la cual la médula ósea será reemplazada por
un biocompatible, fluyente material óseo.
El balón es entonces inflado para compactar la
médula ósea y/o el hueso esponjoso en la cavidad y, después de la
compactación de la médula ósea y/o el hueso esponjoso, el balón es
desinflado y extraído de la cavidad. Mientras el inflamiento del
balón y ocurre la compactación, las grasas y otros restos son
succionados fuera del espacio entre y alrededor de las partes 12 y
14 aplicando una fuerza de succión al catéter 16. A continuación de
esto, y a continuación de la compactación de la médula ósea, el
balón es desinflado y halado fuera de la cavidad aplicando una
fuerza de tracción al tubo catéter 21.
La segunda realización del dispositivo inflable
de la presente invención está generalmente denotada por el número
60 y es mostrada en las figs. 4 y 5. El balón 60 incluye una parte
central esférica 62 la cual es hueca y la cual recibe un líquido de
inflamiento bajo presión a través de un tubo 64. La parte esférica
está provista con una superficie exterior esférica 66 y tiene una
periferia exterior la cual está rodeada sustancialmente por una
parte en forma de aro 68 que tiene segmentos de tubo 70 para el
inflamiento de la parte 68. Un par de pasajes 69 interconectan las
partes 62 y 68. Un segmento de tubo de succión 72 saca líquido y
restos del la cavidad ósea siendo formada por el balón 60.
La provisión puede ser hecha para la funda de
balón 71 para el balón 60 y para todos los balones dados a conocer
aquí. Una funda de balón 71 (fig. 9) es cambiablemente montada en un
tubo exterior 71a y puede ser usada para insertar el balón 60
cuando está desinflado dentro del hueso cortical. La funda 71 tiene
dedos elásticos que se soportan contra el interior de la abertura
de entrada 71c del hueso vertebral 22 (fig. 9A) para evitar el
desgarramiento del balón. Una vez extraída la funda del balón, el
líquido bajo presión será conducido dentro del tubo 64 el cual
inflará las partes 62 y 68 tal como para compactar la médula ósea
dentro del hueso cortical. A continuación de esto, el balón 60 es
desinflado y extraído de la cavidad ósea.
La figs. 6 y 6A muestran varias vistas de un
balón 80 en forma de rosquilla modificado del tipo mostrado en las
figs. 1 y 2, excepto que las formas de rosquilla del balón 80 no
están cosidas una sobre otra. En la fig. 6, el balón 80 tiene una
superficie 82 convexa exterior en forma de pera la cual está hecha
de una primera parte hueca 84 y de una segunda parte hueca 85. Un
tubo 88 es suministrado para dirigir el líquido dentro de las dos
partes a lo largo de las ramas 90 y 92 para inflar las partes
después que las partes han sido insertadas dentro de la cavidad
medular de un hueso. Un tubo catéter 16 es insertado dentro del
espacio 96 entre las dos partes del balón 80. Un adhesivo pega las
dos partes 84 y 85 juntas a la interfase de los mismos.
La fig. 6A muestra la forma en la cual el tubo
catéter 16 es insertado dentro del espacio o abertura 96 entre las
dos partes del balón 80.
La fig. 7 muestra el tubo 88 del cual, después
de dirigir el líquido de inflamiento dentro del balón 80, puede
inyectar material de contraste dentro del balón 80 tal que los rayos
X pueden ser tomados del balón con el material de inflamiento dentro
para determinar la colocación apropiada del balón. El tubo 16 es
también mostrado en la fig. 6, siendo conectado en alguna manera
adecuada a la superficie de la pared lateral exterior del tubo
88.
Aún otra realización de la invención es mostrada
en la fig. 3 la cual es similar a la fig. 1 excepto en que es
redonda y no una rosquilla e incluye un dispositivo inflable 109 que
tiene tres unidades de balón 110, 112 y 114 las cuales son inflables
y las cuales tiene restricciones como cuerdas 117 las cuales limitan
la expansión de las unidades de balón en una dirección transversal
al eje longitudinal de las unidades de balón. Las restricciones
están hechas del mismo o similar material que el del balón tales que
tienen alguna elasticidad pero sustancialmente ninguna capacidad de
expansión.
Un sistema tubular 115 es suministrado para
dirigir el líquido bajo presión dentro de las unidades de balón 110,
112 y 114 tal que el líquido puede ser usado para inflar las
unidades de balón cuando están colocadas dentro del hueso en un
estado desinflado. A continuación del inflamiento apropiado y
compactación de la médula ósea, el balón puede ser extraído
desinflándolo y tirando fuera del hueso que está siendo tratado. Las
restricciones mantienen los lados opuestos 77 y 79 sustancialmente
planos y paralelos unos respecto al otro.
En la fig. 10, otra realización del balón
inflable se muestra. El dispositivo es un cuerpo de balón en forma
de riñón 130 que tiene un par de paredes laterales en forma de riñón
opuestas 132 las cuales son adaptadas para ser colapsadas y para
cooperar con una pared terminal continua tal que el balón 130 puede
ser forzado dentro del hueso 136 mostrado en la fig. 11. Un tubo 138
es usado para dirigir el líquido de inflamiento dentro del balón
para inflar el balón y causar que éste asuma las dimensiones y
localización mostradas en el hueso vertebral 136 en la fig. 11. El
dispositivo 130 compactará el hueso esponjoso si no hay fractura o
colapso del hueso esponjoso. Las restricciones para esta acción son
debidas a las paredes laterales y terminales del balón.
La fig. 12 muestra un balón 140 el cual es
también en forma de riñón y tiene un tubo 142 para dirigir un
líquido de inflamiento dentro del tubo para inflar el balón. El
balón es inicialmente una vejiga de cámara única pero la vejiga
puede estar sellada sola con líneas curvas o bandas 141 para formar
líneas adheridas 144 que toman la forma de compartimentos paralelos
146 los cuales son en forma de riñón como se muestra en la fig. 13.
El sellaje causa una soldadura de los dos lados de la vejiga que
surge ya que el material es un material de balón médico estándar, el
cual es similar al plástico y puede ser formado por calor.
La fig. 14 es una vista en perspectiva de un
cuerpo vertebral 147 que contiene el balón de la fig. 12, que
muestra un balón apilado doble 140 cuando está insertado en el hueso
vertebral 147.
La fig. 15 es una vista similar a la fig.10
excepto que los rebordes 155, los cuales son restricciones como
cuerdas, se extienden entre y están conectadas a las paredes
laterales 152 del dispositivo inflable 150 y limitan la expansión de
las paredes laterales una con respecto a la otra, poniendo así las
paredes laterales generalmente paralelas con cada otra. El tubo 88
es usado para rellenar el balón en forma de riñón con un líquido de
inflamiento en la manera descrita arriba.
Las dimensiones del balón del cuerpo vertebral
variarán a través de un amplio rango. Las alturas (H, fig. 11) del
balón del cuerpo vertebral para ambos cuerpos vertebrales lumbar y
torácico típicamente alcanzan desde 0,5 cm hasta 3,5 cm. Las
dimensiones anterior y posterior del balón del cuerpo vertebral para
ambos cuerpos vertebrales lumbar y torácico (A, fig. 11) alcanzan
desde 0,5 cm hasta 3,5 cm. Las dimensiones de lado a lado (L, fig.
11) del cuerpo vertebral para los cuerpos vertebrales torácicos
alcanzarán desde 0,5 cm hasta 3,5 cm. Las dimensiones de lado a lado
del cuerpo vertebral para los cuerpos vertebrales lumbares
alcanzarán desde 0,5 cm hasta 5,0 cm.
La selección eventual del balón apropiado para,
por ejemplo, un cuerpo vertebral dado está basada en varios
factores. La dimensión anterior-posterior
(A-P) del balón para un cuerpo vertebral dado es
seleccionada del barrido CT o de vistas simples de rayos X del
cuerpo vertebral. La dimensión A-P es medida desde
la pared cortical interna de la corteza anterior hasta la pared
cortical interior de la corteza posterior del cuerpo vertebral. En
general, la dimensión anterior-posterior
(A-P) apropiada del balón es de 5 a 7 milímetros
menos que esta medida.
Las dimensiones lado a lado, apropiadas del
balón para un cuerpo vertebral dado, son seleccionadas del barrido
CT o de vistas simples de rayos X del cuerpo vertebral a ser
tratado. La distancia de lado a lado es medida de las paredes
corticales internas del lado del hueso vertebral. En general, la
dimensión lado a lado apropiada del balón es de 5 a 7 milímetros
menos que esta medida por la adición del cuerpo vertebral lumbar
tiende a ser más ancha que la dimensión lado a lado que su
dimensión A-P. En los cuerpos vertebrales torácicos,
la dimensión lado a lado y sus dimensiones A-P son
casi iguales.
Las dimensiones de altura del balón apropiado de
cuerpo vertebral para un cuerpo vertebral dado son escogidas por
barrido CT o de vistas simples de rayos X de los cuerpos vertebrales
por encima y por debajo del cuerpo vertebral a ser tratado. La
altura de los cuerpos vertebrales por encima y por debajo del cuerpo
vertebral a ser tratado es medidas y promediadas. Este promedio es
usado para determinar la dimensión de la altura de un balón de
cuerpo vertebral escogido.
Los huesos largos los cuales pueden ser tratados
con el uso de balones de la presente invención incluyen el radio
distal (el hueso más largo del brazo a la muñeca), la meseta tibial
proximal (el hueso de la pierna justo debajo de la rodilla), el
húmero proximal (terminal superior del brazo al hombro) y cabeza
femoral proximal (hueso de la pierna en la cadera).
Para el radio distal, un balón 160 es mostrado
en el radio distal 152 y el balón tiene una forma la cual se
aproxima a una pirámide pero más justamente puede ser considerada la
forma de una banana jorobada en que ésta rellena sustancialmente el
interior del espacio del radio distal para forzar el hueso esponjoso
154 ligeramente contra la superficie interior 156 del hueso
cortical 158.
El balón 160 tiene una porción cónica inferior
159 la cual se extiende hacia abajo dentro del espacio hueco del
radio distal 152, y esta porción cónica 159 se incrementa en sección
transversal cuando una porción distal central 161 es acercada. La
sección transversal del balón 160 es mostrada en una localización
central (fig. 17B) y su localización está cerca de la localización
más ancha del balón. El terminal superior del balón, denominado por
el número 162, converge al catéter 88 para dirigir un líquido dentro
del balón para inflar el mismo para forzar el hueso esponjoso
contra la superficie interior del hueso cortical. La forma del balón
160 está determinada y restringida por rebordes formados por las
cuerdas de restricción 165. Estas restricciones son opcionales y
proporcionan fortaleza adicional al cuerpo del balón 160, pero no
son requeridas para lograr la configuración deseada. El balón es
colocado dentro y quitado del radio distal en la misma manera como
se describió arriba con respecto al hueso vertebral.
Las dimensiones del balón del radio distal
varían como sigue:
El terminal proximal del balón (o sea, la parte
más cercana al codo) es en forma cilíndrica y variará desde 0,5 x
0,5 cm hasta 1,8 x 1,8 cm.
La longitud del balón del radio distal variará
desde 1,0 cm hasta 12,0 cm.
La dimensión central a lateral más ancha del
balón del radio distal, la cual ocurre a o cerca de la articulación
radio-codo, medirá desde 1,0 cm hasta 2,5 cm.
La dimensión anterior-posterior
del balón del radio distal variará desde 0,5 hasta 3,0 cm.
La selección del tamaño de balón apropiado para
tratar una fractura dada del radio distal dependerá del tamaño
radiológico del radio distal y la localización de la fractura.
En el caso del húmero proximal 169, un balón 166
mostrado en la fig. 18 es esférico y tiene una base diseñada. Ésta
compacta el hueso 168 en un húmero proximal 169. Una malla 170,
embebida o laminada y/o enrollada, puede ser usada para formar un
cuello 172 en el balón 166, y una segunda malla 170a puede ser
usada para conformar el fondo de la base 172a a la forma de la
pared cortical interior al inicio del eje. Estas restricciones
proporcionan fortaleza adicional al cuerpo del balón, pero la
configuración puede ser lograda a través del moldeado del cuerpo
del balón. Así es que el hueso esponjoso estará como el mostrado en
la región compactada que circunda el balón 166 como se muestra en
la fig. 18. El hueso cortical 173 es relativamente ancho en la base
174 y tiene paredes delgadas en la región terminal superior 175. El
balón 166 tiene un tubo de alimentación 177 dentro del cual el
líquido bajo presión es forzado dentro del balón para inflarlo para
compactar ligeramente el hueso esponjoso en el húmero proximal. El
balón es insertado dentro y quitado del húmero proximal en la misma
manera como esa descrita arriba con respecto al hueso vertebral.
Las dimensiones del balón de fractura del húmero
proximal varían como sigue:
El terminal esférico del balón variará desde 1,0
x 1,0 cm hasta 3,0 x 3,0 cm.
El cuello del balón de fractura humeral proximal
variará desde 0,8 x 0,8 cm hasta 3.0 x 3.0 cm.
El ancho de la porción de la base o de la
porción distal del balón de fractura humeral proximal variará desde
0,5 x 0,5 cm hasta 2,5 x 2,5 cm.
La longitud del balón variará desde 4,0 cm hasta
14,0 cm.
La selección del balón apropiado para tratar una
fractura humeral proximal dada depende del tamaño radiológico del
húmero proximal y la localización de la fractura.
La fractura tibia es mostrada en la fig. 19A en
la cual un balón 180 es colocado en un lado 182 de una tibia 183.
El balón, cuando se infla, compacta el hueso esponjoso en la capa
184 que rodea el balón 180. Una sección transversal del balón es
mostrada el la fig. 19C en la que el balón tiene un par de lados
opuestos 185 y 187 los cuales están interconectados por
restricciones 188 las cuales pueden ser en forma de cuerdas de
miembros flexibles de cualquier construcción adecuada. El propósito
principal de las restricciones es hacer los lados 185 y 187
sustancialmente paralelos uno al otro y no esféricos. Un tubo 190 es
acoplado al balón 180 para dirigir el líquido dentro y fuera del
balón. Los terminales de las restricciones son mostrados el las
figs. 19B y 19D y denotados por el número 191. El balón es
insertado dentro y quitado de la tibia en la misma manera como la
descrita arriba con respecto al hueso vertebral. La fig. 19B muestra
una configuración sustancialmente circular para el balón; mientras
que la Fig. 19D muestra una versión sustancialmente elíptica del
balón.
Las dimensiones del balón de fractura de meseta
tibial proximal varían como sigue:
El grosor o la altura del balón variarán desde
0,5 hasta 5,0 cm.
La dimensión anterior/posterior (delante/atrás)
variará desde 1,0 cm hasta 6,0 cm.
La dimensión lado a lado (media a lateral)
variará desde 1,0 cm hasta 6,0 cm.
La selección del balón apropiado para tratar una
fractura de meseta tibial dada dependerá del tamaño radiológico del
tibial proximal y de la localización de la fractura.
En el caso de la cabeza femoral, un balón 200 es
mostrado como habiendo sido insertado dentro del hueso cortical 202
de la cabeza femoral la cual es delgada en el terminal exterior 204
del fémur y la cual puede incrementar en grosor en el terminal
inferior 206 del fémur. El hueso cortical rodea el hueso esponjoso
207 y este hueso es compactado por el inflamiento del balón 200. El
tubo para dirigir el líquido para el propósito de inflamiento es
denotado por el número 209. Éste se extiende a lo largo del cuello
femoral y es dirigido dentro de la cabeza femoral la cual está
generalmente esférica en configuración. La fig. 20A muestra que el
balón, denotado por el número 200a, puede ser hemisférico así como
esférico, como se muestra en la fig. 20. El balón 200 es insertado
dentro y quitado de la cabeza femoral en la misma manera como la
descrita con respecto al hueso vertebral. La forma esférica es
mantenida en este ejemplo por pegado de las porciones superpuestas
del fondo, creando pliegues 200b como se muestra en la fig.
20A.
Las dimensiones del balón de cabeza femoral
varías como sigue:
El diámetro del balón de cabeza femoral variará
desde 1,0 cm a 4,5 cm. El tamaño apropiado del balón de cabeza
femoral a ser seleccionado depende del tamaño radiológico o del
barrido CT de la cabeza del fémur y la localización y tamaño del
hueso necrótico avascular. Las dimensiones del balón hemisférico son
las mismas que aquellas del balón esférico, excepto que
aproximadamente una mitad es suministrada.
La presente invención también proporciona un
método para tratar un hueso predispuesto a fractura o a colapso, o
fracturado o colapsado, que comprende:
suministrar un formador de cavidad hueco,
colapsable, inflable, no expansible;
insertar el formador de cavidad mientras esté
colapsado dentro de dicho hueso con dicha formador de cavidad que
tiene forma y tamaño predeterminados, cuando está totalmente
inflado;
inflar el formador de cavidad a una presión de
fluido suficiente para compactar al menos una porción del hueso
esponjoso interior;
formar una cavidad en el hueso esponjoso como
una función de la etapa de inflamiento en la que dicha cavidad
tendrá la forma predeterminada y el tamaño adecuado para el hueso a
ser tratado; y
restringir el formador de cavidad para crear
dicha predeterminada forma y tamaño, impidiendo que el formador de
cavidad aplique excesiva presión a la superficie interior del hueso
cortical si dicho hueso no está fracturado, o no está colapsado.
Claims (1)
1. Un ensamblaje para usar en el tratamiento de
un hueso que comprende:
una cánula (26) cuyo interior proporciona una
vía de acceso percutáneo para insertar instrumentos dentro del
hueso;
un dispositivo (10) adaptado para formar una
cavidad en el hueso esponjoso por ampliación de un primer tamaño
que permita el paso del dispositivo a través de la cánula para la
inserción dentro del hueso, a unas segunda forma y tamaño
predeterminados suficiente para compactar al menos una porción del
hueso esponjoso tal como para formar la cavidad adentro; incluyendo
el dispositivo por lo menos un componente (117) para resistir la
ampliación del dispositivo más allá de la forma y tamaño
predeterminados
un catéter (21) el cual tiene un tamaño para
pasar a través de la cánula y está adaptado para conducir el
dispositivo a través de la cánula dentro del hueso;
una herramienta para colocar dentro de la
cavidad a través de la vía de acceso percutánea un volumen de
material de relleno.
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| US18822494A | 1994-01-26 | 1994-01-26 | |
| US188224 | 1994-01-26 |
Publications (1)
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|---|---|
| ES2287635T3 true ES2287635T3 (es) | 2007-12-16 |
Family
ID=22692257
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| ES04076935T Expired - Lifetime ES2287635T3 (es) | 1994-01-26 | 1995-01-24 | Dispositivo inflamable mejorado para uso en metodos quirurgicos relacinados a la fijacion de hueso. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
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| US (9) | US6066154A (es) |
| EP (2) | EP1464293B1 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100355207B1 (es) |
| AT (2) | ATE361028T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU702330B2 (es) |
| DE (2) | DE69534156T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2287635T3 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2147213C1 (es) |
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-
1995
- 1995-01-24 AT AT04076935T patent/ATE361028T1/de active
- 1995-01-24 ES ES04076935T patent/ES2287635T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 DE DE69534156T patent/DE69534156T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 DE DE69535492T patent/DE69535492T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 EP EP04076935A patent/EP1464293B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-01-24 EP EP04077703A patent/EP1498079A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-01-24 AU AU16073/95A patent/AU702330B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-24 KR KR1019960704019A patent/KR100355207B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 RU RU96117032/14A patent/RU2147213C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 AT AT95908122T patent/ATE293395T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-01-22 US US08/792,934 patent/US6066154A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-23 US US08/788,786 patent/US6235043B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-04-13 US US09/059,796 patent/US6423083B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-03-16 US US09/811,336 patent/US20010011174A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-07-22 US US10/200,674 patent/US6663647B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-04-10 US US10/411,573 patent/US20030191489A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-29 US US10/747,547 patent/US6981981B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-29 US US10/747,558 patent/US20040153115A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-06-12 US US11/450,264 patent/US20060229631A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9114019B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2015-08-25 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Porous containment device and associated method for stabilization of vertebral compression fractures |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6235043B1 (en) | 2001-05-22 |
| EP1464293B1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| KR100355207B1 (ko) | 2003-01-24 |
| DE69535492T2 (de) | 2007-09-06 |
| AU1607395A (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| ATE361028T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
| DE69534156T2 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
| US20010011174A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
| DE69535492D1 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
| US20030191489A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| US20060229631A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
| RU2147213C1 (ru) | 2000-04-10 |
| US20040153115A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
| ATE293395T1 (de) | 2005-05-15 |
| US6066154A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
| US6663647B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
| HK1070258A1 (en) | 2005-06-17 |
| EP1464293A1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| DE69534156D1 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
| US6981981B2 (en) | 2006-01-03 |
| US20040153114A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
| US20010044626A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
| EP1498079A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| AU702330B2 (en) | 1999-02-18 |
| US20020183778A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
| US6423083B2 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
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