ES2143525T5 - Dispositivo medico elastomerico. - Google Patents
Dispositivo medico elastomerico.Info
- Publication number
- ES2143525T5 ES2143525T5 ES94300449T ES94300449T ES2143525T5 ES 2143525 T5 ES2143525 T5 ES 2143525T5 ES 94300449 T ES94300449 T ES 94300449T ES 94300449 T ES94300449 T ES 94300449T ES 2143525 T5 ES2143525 T5 ES 2143525T5
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- elastomer
- copolymer
- bioabsorbable
- properties
- caprolactone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 69
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920001198 elastomeric copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1COCCO1 VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 23
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- DSUFPYCILZXJFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-[[4-(pentoxycarbonylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl]cyclohexyl]carbamoyloxy]butyl n-[4-[[4-(butoxycarbonylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate Chemical compound C1CC(NC(=O)OCCCCC)CCC1CC1CCC(NC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)NC2CCC(CC3CCC(CC3)NC(=O)OCCCC)CC2)CC1 DSUFPYCILZXJFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- LCSKNASZPVZHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione;1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical group O=C1COC(=O)CO1.CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O LCSKNASZPVZHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 4511-42-6 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lactic Acid Natural products CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000353097 Molva molva Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006236 copolyester elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAUHLEIGHAUFAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-1-[(1-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1(N=C=O)CC1(N=C=O)CCCCC1 PAUHLEIGHAUFAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010019909 Hernia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002847 Surgical Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012867 bioactive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000014617 hemorrhoid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 poly (tetramethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/664—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L17/00—Materials for surgical sutures or for ligaturing blood vessels ; Materials for prostheses or catheters
- A61L17/06—At least partially resorbable materials
- A61L17/10—At least partially resorbable materials containing macromolecular materials
- A61L17/105—Polyesters not covered by A61L17/12
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L17/00—Materials for surgical sutures or for ligaturing blood vessels ; Materials for prostheses or catheters
- A61L17/06—At least partially resorbable materials
- A61L17/10—At least partially resorbable materials containing macromolecular materials
- A61L17/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of glycolic acid or lactic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L31/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/64—Polyesters containing both carboxylic ester groups and carbonate groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord
- A61B17/122—Clamps or clips, e.g. for the umbilical cord
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00004—(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable or resorptive
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06166—Sutures
- A61B2017/0618—Sutures elastic, e.g. stretchable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/0067—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products into the body
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
- Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
SE PRESENTAN DISPOSITIVOS MEDICOS O COMPONENTES PARA DISPOSITIVOS MEDICOS FORMADOS DE ELASTOMEROS BIOABSORBIBLES QUE SE COMPONEN DE UN COPOLIMERO SELECCIONADO AL AZAR. EL COPOLIMERO SELECCIONADO AL AZAR ES UN COPOLIMERO DE DESDE UN 30 A UN 70 (PORCENTAJE EN PESO) DE: A) R-CAPROLACTONA, CARBONATO DE TRIMETILENO, UNA LACTONA DE ETER O UNA MEZCLA DE ESTOS, Y B) EL BALANCE ES SUSTANCIALMENTE GLICOLIDE, PARADIOXANONA, O UNA MEZCLA DE ESTE. LOS COPOLIMEROS SELECCIONADOS AL AZAR SORPRENDENTEMENTE EXHIBEN PROPIEDADES ELASTOMERICAS, Y LOS COPOLIMEROS SON BIOABSORBIBLES. LA COMBINACION DE PROPIEDADES FISICAS Y BIOLOGICAS DE ESTOS COPOLIMEROS ELASTOMERICOS ESTAN PARTICULARMENTE BIEN DADAPTADAS PARA NUMEROSAS APLICACIONES MEDICAS Y QUIRURGICAS.
Description
Dispositivo médico elastomérico.
Esta invención se refiere a dispositivos médicos
o componentes para tales dispositivos. Más específicamente, se
refiere a elastómeros bioabsorbibles con los que se fabrican
dispositivos o componentes para dispositivos adecuados para
aplicaciones médicas.
El deseo de disponer de materiales elastoméricos
para aplicaciones médicas es bien conocido. Por ejemplo, el
documento Thermoplast Elastomers 3, Pap Two-Day
Seminar. 3rd, pág. 68-71 (1991) describe la
fabricación de películas y láminas de elastómeros de copoliester
para aplicaciones médicas. Estas películas pueden utilizarse como
parches transdérmicos para introducir agentes bioactivos a través de
la superficie de la piel, vendajes para heridas quirúrgicas,
vendajes para zonas en carne viva, vendajes para zonas de ostomías,
y prendas de quirófano. Los elastómeros de copoliester son
polímeros con segmentos "duros" y "blandos". Sus
propiedades, tales como la flexibilidad, la elasticidad, y la
resistencia a la fluencia pueden personalizarse variando la
relación entre los segmentos duros y blandos del copoliester.
Además de ciertos copoliésteres que tienen
propiedades elastoméricas adecuadas para aplicaciones médicas, los
elastómeros de poliuretano también han encontrado aceptación entre
la comunidad médica para numerosas aplicaciones. Esta aceptación ha
llevado a la disponibilidad de los Poliuretanos Alifáticos de
Tecoflex® para aplicaciones en dispositivos médicos. Estos
poliuretanos elastoméricos se preparan haciendo reaccionar metileno
bis(ciclohexil) diisocianato con poli(tetrametileno
éter glicol). Algunos de los dispositivos fabricados con estos
materiales están diseñados principalmente para su implantación en el
cuerpo. Véase el folleto publicitario de Thermedics, Inc. sobre los
poliuretanos termoplásticos alifáticos de calidad médica
TECOFLEX®.
Aunque está establecida la viabilidad comercial
de los polímeros elastoméricos para aplicaciones médicas, la
profesión médica necesita ciertas propiedades que no se encuentran
en los polímeros elastoméricos descritos anteriormente. En
numerosas aplicaciones, especialmente en aquellas aplicaciones que
requieren un dispositivo quirúrgico para ser implantado en un
tejido corporal, el polímero con el que se fabrica el dispositivo
debe ser bioabsorbible. En otras palabras, el dispositivo debe
poder descomponerse en pequeños segmentos no tóxicos que puedan ser
metabolizados o eliminados por el cuerpo sin perjuicio para el
mismo.
Lamentablemente, aunque los polímeros
elastoméricos descritos en las referencias anteriores presentan la
biocompatibilidad, resistencia y procesabilidad requeridas en
numerosas aplicaciones de dispositivos médicos, estos polímeros
elastoméricos no son absorbibles por el tejido corporal. Puesto que
estos polímeros no son absorbibles por el tejido corporal, los
implantes quirúrgicos hechos con estos polímeros elastoméricos
permanecerán indefinidamente en el tejido corporal, provocando
posiblemente una reacción negativa del tejido u otras complicaciones
relacionadas con el confinamiento de una materia extraña en el
tejido corporal.
A lo largo de los años se ha creado una abundante
técnica enfocada hacia el uso de polímeros bioabsorbibles en
numerosas aplicaciones médicas y quirúrgicas. Como un ejemplo de
ello, el lector puede consultar las Patentes Estadounidenses Nº
5.133.739, 4.788.979 y 4.605.730. Estas patentes describen la
preparación de ciertos compuestos de copolímeros de
\varepsilon-caprolactona y glicoruro para
aplicaciones médicas bioabsorbibles específicas. Los compuestos de
copolímeros se describen como particularmente útiles en la
preparación de filamentos adecuados para utilizar como suturas, y
para utilizar como compuestos de revestimiento para revestir la
superficie de las suturas con objeto de mejorar sus propiedades
para la atadura. Aunque los compuestos de copolímeros descritos en
estas referencias presentan una combinación de propiedades
biológicas y físicas sobresalientes, que hacen a dichos compuestos
de polímeros particularmente bien adaptados para numerosas
aplicaciones quirúrgicas, tales compuestos de polímeros no
presentan un grado de elasticidad adecuado. Por lo tanto, estos
copolímeros no serán deseables para utilizarse en aplicaciones
médicas que exijan propiedades elastoméricas.
Se ha sugerido en la técnica una respuesta
parcial al problema del desarrollo de copolímeros elastoméricos que
sean biocompatibles y bioabsorbibles por el tejido corporal Griipma
y otros, Polymer Bulletin 25, 327-333 (1991),
describen un copolímero de L-lacturo y
\varepsilon-caprolactona al 50/50 mol por mol. Se
dice que el copolímero es elastomérico, y que se degrada en
segmentos no tóxicos, por lo que se dice que es útil en aplicaciones
biomédicas tales como guías para tendones. De modo similar, las
Patentes Estadounidenses Nº 4.045.418 y 4.057.537 describen
copolímeros preparados con 75-85 partes en peso de
D,L-lactida y 25-15 partes de
\varepsilon-caprolactona. Se indica que los
copolímeros son elastómeros termoplásticos, fácilmente moldeables, y
que son biodegradables convirtiéndose en sustancias inocuas.
Adicionalmente, los copolímeros pueden ser modificados sustituyendo
por glicolido una parte del lactida, y preparando así un terpolímero
de lactida/glicolido/\varepsilon-caprolactona
que contiene predominantemente lacturo.
Aunque los copolímeros elastoméricos de lactida y
\varepsilon-caprolactona (incluyendo opcionalmente
glicolido) han cubierto las necesidades de ciertas aplicaciones de
dispositivos médicos, tales copolímeros tienen un inconveniente
principal que ha impedido que aumente su utilización. Aunque puede
interpretarse literalmente que los polímeros son
"bioabsorbibles", la velocidad de absorción es tan lenta que
hace que los copolímeros sean prácticamente inútiles en numerosas
aplicaciones médicas. Esto es debido a que el componente
predominante del copolímero, que es el polilacturo, se absorbe muy
lentamente en el tejido corporal. El otro componente principal del
copolímero, la policaprolactona, se absorbe incluso más lentamente.
Además, a 110ºC la lactida se polimeriza más rápidamente que la
\varepsilon-caprolactona de manera que cuando se
fabrica el copolímero, se produce un copolímero segmentado que
contiene segmentos largos de polilactida intercalados entre
segmentos de policaprolactona. La estructura segmentada del
copolímero disminuye aún más su velocidad de bioabsorción. Todos
estos factores crean un copolímero cuyos componentes y morfología
no se prestan a una velocidad de bioabsorción aceptable en numerosas
aplicaciones médicas.
A la vista de las deficiencias de la técnica
anterior, sería muy deseable poder fabricar dispositivos médicos o
componentes para estos dispositivos con polímeros biocompatibles que
presentasen la tan deseable propiedad de elasticidad, sin
sacrificar las propiedades mecánicas, y presentando a la vez una
velocidad de bioabsorción que fuera suficientemente rápida para
numerosas aplicaciones de dispositivos médicos.
La invención consiste en un dispositivo médico o
una parte de éste formado con un elastómero bioabsorbible como se
define en la reivindicación 1. Las características preferidas de la
invención se describen en las reivindicaciones dependientes.
Sorprendentemente, el copolímero aleatorio
presenta las propiedades de un elastómero bioabsorbible cuando se
le procesa para formar un dispositivo médico o un componente de un
dispositivo médico. Este elastómero presenta no solamente unas
notables propiedades físicas muy deseables en los materiales
elastoméricos, sino también una bioabsorbilidad con una velocidad
que consigue una bioabsorción prácticamente completa en un periodo
de tiempo razonable. Este es un atributo necesario en numerosas
aplicaciones médicas. En las realizaciones preferidas, el
dispositivo médico o la parte de tal dispositivo formados con el
elastómero bioabsorbible tienen un alto alargamiento, un módulo
bajo, y una notable insistencia a la tracción. Estas propiedades se
obtienen sin sacrificar la bioabsorbilidad del polímero
elastomérico.
Al contrario que los copolímeros elastoméricos
que contienen principalmente segmentos de polilactida, los
copolímeros aleatorios que forman los dispositivos médicos de esta
invención presentan una velocidad de bioabsorción suficientemente
rápida para numerosas aplicaciones médicas. Esto contrasta con los
copolímeros de polilacturo, que se absorben con una velocidad tan
lenta que los hace prácticamente inviables para numerosísimas
aplicaciones de dispositivos médicos.
Con el elastómero bioabsorbible pueden formarse
numerosos dispositivos médicos y quirúrgicos, o componentes para
tales dispositivos como se enumera en la reivindicación 1. Por
ejemplo, con los elastómeros pueden fabricarse componentes de pinzas
y grapas quirúrgicas.
Con fines de definición de esta invención, se
define un "elastómero" como un material que a la temperatura
ambiente puede estirarse repetidamente hasta el doble de su longitud
original, por lo menos, y que inmediatamente después de cesar la
tensión retorna con fuerza a su longitud original aproximada.
Preferiblemente, el elastómero presenta un elevado porcentaje de
alargamiento y un módulo bajo, poseyendo a la vez una buena
resistencia a la tracción y buenas características de recuperación.
En las realizaciones preferidas de esta invención, el elastómero
con el cual se forma el dispositivo médico o el componente del
dispositivo) presenta un porcentaje de alargamiento superior a unos
500. También presenta un módulo (Módulo de Young) inferior a unos
275,8 x10^{6} Pa (40.000 psi), preferiblemente inferior a unos
137,9 x10^{6} Pa (20.000 psi). Estas propiedades, que dan la
medida del grado de elasticidad del elastómero bioabsorbible, se
obtienen manteniendo a la vez una resistencia a la tracción
superior a unos 3,45 x10^{6} Pa (500 psi), preferiblemente
superior a unos 6,89 x10^{6} Pa (1.000 psi), y una resistencia al
desgarro superior a unos 0,345 x10^{6} Pa (50 libras/pulgada),
preferiblemente superior a unos 0,552 x10^{6} Pa (80
lbs/pulgada).
El término "bioabsorbible" se define como
aquella clase de material que reacciona o se degrada enzimáticamente
con facilidad cuando es expuesto a un tejido corporal durante un
periodo de tiempo relativamente corto, experimentando con ello una
pérdida de peso significativa en ese corto periodo de tiempo. La
completa bioabsorción deberá producirse antes de doce meses, aunque
preferiblemente la bioabsorción se completara antes de nueve meses
y más preferiblemente antes de seis meses. De este modo, pueden
fabricarse con el elastómero dispositivos médicos y quirúrgicos
útiles para un amplio surtido de aplicaciones que requieran la
completa absorción en los periodos de tiempo relativamente cortos
citados en la frase anterior.
Las propiedades biológicas del elastómero
bioabsorbible utilizado para formar el dispositivo o parte del
mismo, medidas por la velocidad de absorción y el mantenimiento de
la resistencia a la rotura en vivo (BSR), pueden variarse para
adaptarlas a las necesidades de la aplicación particular para la que
se destina el dispositivo médico o componente fabricado. Esto puede
realizarse convenientemente variando la relación de componentes del
copolímero elastomérico elegido.
El copolímero aleatorio que sorprendentemente
presenta las propiedades elastoméricas tan deseadas puede prepararse
según las descripciones que proporcionan las Patentes
Estadounidenses Nº 5.133.739 y 4.605.730, las cuales se incorporan
aquí como referencia, y según el informe experimental proporcionado
en los ejemplos siguientes. Con respecto a las descripciones de
estas patentes, cada una de las patentes describe la preparación de
un copolímero aleatorio de
\varepsilon-caprolactona y glicoluro, previamente
a la preparación de un copolímero segmentado cristalino que se
utilizará en aplicaciones médicas específicas. Es el procesamiento
de este copolímero aleatorio previo lo que condujo al sorprendente
descubrimiento de que el propio copolímero previo tiene la
combinación de propiedades notables, incluyendo las propiedades
elastoméricas, que le hacen adecuado para numerosas aplicaciones
médicas.
Los copolímeros aleatorios se preparan
deseablemente haciendo reaccionar los monómeros con un iniciador tal
como alcohol mono o polihídrico, por ejemplo dietileno glicol,
trimetilol propano o pentaeritritol; o en un ácido hidroxi tal como
ácido láctico o glicólico. Entre los otros iniciadores que pueden
utilizarse están los polialquilenglicol tales como trietilenglicol,
y los alcanos polihidroxi tales como glicerol, manitol, glucosa y
similares.
La viscosidad inherente del copolímero aleatorio
es superior a 0,6, y esta preferiblemente comprendida entre 1,0 y
2,0, medida en una solución de 0,1 gramos por decilitro (g/dL) de
polímero en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) a 25ºC. Si la viscosidad
inherente es inferior a unos 0,6 dl/g las propiedades de resistencia
del copolímero serán probablemente inadecuadas para numerosas
aplicaciones de dispositivos médicos. Si la viscosidad inherente
fuera mayor de 4,0 dl/g podrían aparecer significativas dificultades
de procesamiento durante la fabricación de dispositivos médicos o
componentes para tales dispositivos con los copolímeros. Ello puede
exigir técnicas de fusión con soluciones para preparar productos
útiles. Además, el porcentaje de cristalinidad del copolímero
aleatorio, medido por difracción de rayos X, es ventajosamente
inferior a 25 por ciento aproximadamente, y preferiblemente
inferior a 15 por ciento aproximadamente. Si la cristalinidad del
copolímero fuera superior al 25 por ciento aproximadamente, el
copolímero sería relativamente rígido y no elastomérico.
Preferiblemente, el rango de
\varepsilon-caprolactona en la mezcla comonomérica
de la que se prepara el copolímero aleatorio varía del 35 al 45 por
ciento en peso.
Pueden añadirse cantidades menores de aditivos a
la mezcla de comonómeros con la que se prepara el copolímero
aleatorio, siempre que estos aditivos adicionales no tengan un
impacto significativo sobre las propiedades elastoméricas de los
copolímeros, o sobre su velocidad de bioabsorción. Por ejemplo,
puede ser deseable añadir ciertos componentes para modificar o
mejorar las propiedades del copolímero para aplicaciones
específicas.
Sorprendentemente, las propiedades a la tracción
de un copolímero
\varepsilon-caprolactona/glicolido (PCL/PGA) de
45/55 en peso iniciado con trimetilol propano o pentaeritritol
mejoran considerablemente en comparación con las de un copolímero
de la misma composición iniciado con dietilenglicol.
Pueden formarse dispositivos médicos o
componentes de estos dispositivos con los elastómeros bioabsorbibles
descritos anteriormente utilizando numerosas técnicas bien
conocidas en el arte. Los elastómeros pueden procesarse fundidos,
por ejemplo mediante extrusión, para preparar filamentos o
estructuras tubulares. Alternativamente, los copolímeros pueden
moldearse por inyección para fabricar piezas de diseño complicado, o
pueden moldearse por compresión para preparar películas. Para tener
detalles sobre dichas técnicas de procesos en fundido véase, por
ejemplo, "Principles of Polymer Systems" de F. Rodríguez,
McGraw Hill, 1970, capítulo 12.
Los elastómeros bioabsorbibles pueden también
fundirse con disolventes para preparar películas delgadas. El
fundido con disolventes puede realizarse utilizando procedimientos
convencionales tales como disolver en primer lugar el copolímero en
un disolvente adecuado para hacer una solución, y después fundir la
solución en una placa de vidrio para fabricar una película, y
después evaporar el disolvente de la película fundida. En otro
esquema de proceso, los copolímeros pueden ser liofilizados para
preparar espumas. La liofilización puede realizarse disolviendo
primero el copolímero en un disolvente adecuado, congelando la
solución, y después eliminando el disolvente al vacío. Entre los
disolventes adecuados se encuentra el p-dioxano. Se
describen técnicas de liofilización para preparar películas en
"Aspects Théoriques et Industriels de la Lyophilisation", por
Louis Rey, 1964.
En una realización particularmente preferida de
esta invención, se procesan estructuras tubulares y películas
preparadas con los elastómeros para proveer una orientación de las
cadenas de polímeros en el copolímero elastomérico. Mediante
estiramiento, puede obtenerse una orientación uniaxial o biaxial de
las cadenas de polímeros del copolímero de estas estructuras
tubulares y películas. Aunque el estiramiento puede realizarse a
diversas temperaturas, generalmente suele realizarse a temperatura
ambiente. Alternativamente, pueden proporcionarse películas con
orientación radial mediante moldeo por compresión.
La interpolación de la orientación en los
elastómeros bioabsorbibles es muy deseable en ciertos dispositivos
médicos porque aumenta la elasticidad de tales elastómeros con
respecto a aquellos elastómeros que no tienen cadenas orientadas.
Estas propiedades mejoradas se obtienen sin disminuir
apreciablemente las notables propiedades de resistencia del
copolímero, y consecuentemente del dispositivo médico derivado del
copolímero. Véase una descripción de los procedimientos preferidos
para proporcionar una orientación a estructuras tubulares y
películas que serían aplicables a los elastómeros aquí descritos en
"Extrusion and Other Plastics Operations", de John Wiley &
Sons (1971),editado por N M Bikales.
En otra realización de esta invención, los
elastómeros se refuerzan con un agente de carga para aumentar las
propiedades deseadas. Por ejemplo, pueden reforzarse los elastómeros
con fibras absorbibles para preparar películas ultrablandas que
presenten alta resistencia al desgarro. Las fibras pueden tener
deseablemente la forma de una malla de punto o de una malla no
tejida, por ejemplo la malla de punto Vicryl® (Polyglactin 910).
Entre los dispositivos médicos o componentes de
los mismos previstos dentro del alcance de esta aplicación se
incluyen gomas para ligaduras de vasos sanguíneos, arterias,
hemorroides, y otros componentes corporales que necesiten ser
ligados; componentes muy flexibles de pinzas y grapas; películas
para dispensar drogas y para evitar la adhesión; juntas;
revestimientos para mallas; selladores elastoméricos; manguitos para
dispositivos de acoplamientos anastomóticos; injertos vasculares
bioabsorbibles; canales para regeneración de tendones; vendas para
heridas y tiras adhesivas; mallas flexibles para numerosas
aplicaciones tales como reparación de hernias; tubos para utilizar
como catéteres y para el drenaje de diversos compartimentos
corporales y de órganos; tapones; cintas; almohadillas; cordones;
lentes de contacto; o lentes de recubrimiento de la córnea.
Cuando se refuerza el elastómero con una malla
tejida de Vicryl® (Polyglactin 910), el elastómero reforzado puede
estar especialmente adaptado para su utilización como parche
pericárdico o como barrera no adhesiva en forma de una película
delgada.
La presente invención se describía a continuación
con referencia a los siguientes ejemplos, a título de ejemplo
únicamente.
Se carga un matraz seco de 500 ml, de fondo
redondo y una sola boca, con 102,73 gm (0,90 moles) de
\varepsilon-caprolactona, 127,68 gm (1,10 moles)
de glicolido, 0,228 ml (1,20 mmoles/mol de monómero total) de glicol
de dietileno destilado y 0,135 ml de octoato estanoso (solución
0,33 molar en tolueno). El matraz se equipa con un agitador mecánico
secado a la llama y con unos adaptadores adecuados para proveer un
sistema cerrado. El reactor se purga tres veces antes de ventearlo
con nitrógeno. La mezcla en reacción se calienta a 190ºC en
atmósfera de nitrógeno y se mantiene a esta temperatura durante
unas 16 a 18 horas. El copolímero se aísla, se muele y se
devolatiliza (15 horas/110ºC/0,1 mmHg) para eliminar todos los
monómeros no reactivados. Se observa una pérdida de peso de 2,6%.
La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del copolímero es 1,89 dl/g en
hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) a 25ºC y 0,1 g/dl. La relación molar de
policaprolactona/poliglicolido (PCL/PGA) resulta ser 44/56 por NMR,
Este copolímero tiene una temperatura de transición al estado
vítreo (Tg) de -11,9ºC, y un punto de fusión de 51,9ºC por DSC.
Se utiliza una máquina de moldeo por compresión
al vacío para preparar a unos 120ºC unas muestras de película
circulares de 12,7 cm (cinco pulgadas) de diámetro con un espesor de
unos 0,30 cm (0,12 pulgadas). Las muestras se enfrían a temperatura
ambiente bajo presión, y se mantienen dentro de un desecador con
nitrógeno. Con las películas moldeadas por compresión se preparan
unas probetas para tracción según ASTM Die C.
Las propiedades a la tracción de estas cinco
películas, identificadas como Muestras 1-5, se miden
según ASTM D412, y los datos se resumen en la siguiente Tabla 1:
Nombre | Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | |||
muestra | |||||
a 300% alarg | a la rotura | a la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
1 | 6,47x10^{6} | (939) | 14,18x10^{6} | (2057) | 745 |
2 | 3,92x10^{6} | (496) | 10,00x10^{6} | (1451) | 745 |
3 | 3,70x10^{6} | (537) | 14,37x10^{6} | (2084) | 950 |
4 | 3,78x10^{6} | (548) | 8,32x10^{6} | (1207) | 590 |
5 | 4,12x10^{6} | (597) | 10,97x10^{6} | (1591) | 615 |
Promedio | 4,30x10^{6} | (623) | 11,57x10^{6} | (1678) | 729 |
desv. Estándar | 180 | 384 | 143 |
Según muestran los datos de la Tabla 1, las
propiedades a la tracción son comparables a las de la mayoría de los
materiales elastoméricos disponibles en el comercio.
También se prueba la resistencia al desgarro de
las películas según ASTM D624. La muestra no se desgarró por la
unión, puesto que no se produce propagación de la fisura. Sin
embargo, la muestra se rompió a unos 2,00 x 10^{6} Pa (290
lbs/pulgada) a una extensión de 355%.
El procedimiento descrito en el Ejemplo 1 se
reproduce sustancialmente haciendo reaccionar 91,3 gm (0,8 moles)
de \varepsilon-caprolactona con 139,3 gm (1,2
moles) de glicolido. Se observa una pérdida de peso del 1,1% tras la
devolatilización. La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del copolímero es
1,83 dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la relación molar de
policaprolactona/poliglicoluro (PCL/PGA) resulta ser 38,7/61,3 por
NMR.
Se carga un matraz de 500 ml, de fondo redondo y
una sola boca, equipado con una barra magnética de agitación, con
27,0 gms de un copolímero de
\varepsilon-caprolactona/glicolido 40/60 y 243 ml
de reactivo 1,4-dioxano. El matraz se equipa con un
condensador de reflujo y una entrada de nitrógeno y se calienta
hasta el reflujo para disolver el copolímero. El copolímero se
disuelve completamente en unas tres horas, y se deja la solución de
polímero resultante durante una noche agitándose en atmósfera de
nitrógeno a la temperatura ambiente.
La solución del polímero se filtra a presión a
través de una malla de nylon de 20 micrones para eliminar todas las
partículas insolubles y se vierten 162 gramos de esta solución
filtrada en un plato de hornear de pirex silanizado de 200 mm (ocho
pulgadas). El plato de hornear se cubre con una hoja de aluminio
perforado y se transfiere a un liofilizador Virtis® de gran
capacidad, equipado con una cámara congeladora superior Modelo nº
600, un aparato condensador inferior 25SL y una trampa de vacío
secundaria de vidrio (con juntas 45/55) refrigerada mediante un
frasco de Dewas con hielo seco y acetona.
A continuación se congela el plato que contiene
la solución de polímero a una temperatura de -40ºC durante 1 hora.
Después se reduce la presión de la cámara de congelación. Tras 0,25
horas a una presión inferior a 13,33 Newtons por metro cuadrado (100
militorr) la temperatura de la envolvente de congelación se aumenta
a -35ºC. El esquema de la temperatura de secado por
congelación/tiempo y las lecturas de presión resultantes son como
sigue:
Temp. Envolvente (ºC) | Tiempo (horas) | Lectura presión final | |
(Nm^{-2}) | (Militorr) | ||
-35 | 15,5 | 4,93 | (37) |
-30 | 1,5 | 5,20 | (39) |
-25 | 2,0 | 5,60 | (42) |
-20 | 3,75 | ||
-10 | 16,75 | 6,93 | (52) |
-5 | 4,0 | 6,93 | (52) |
0 | 3,75 | 6,9 | (52) |
En esta etapa se suelta la tubería de vacío en un
punto justamente anterior a la trampa secundaria. Se para la bomba
de vacío y se abre al aire, mientras que la cámara de congelación y
la trampa de condensación principal permanecen al vacío. La trampa
secundaria equilibrada con aire, que puede estar casi tamponada, se
sustituye rápidamente. A continuación se arranca de nuevo la bomba
de vacío. Una vez que la lectura de presión en la bomba alcanza 50
militorr, la cámara y la trampa primaria se abren de nuevo a un
vacío total y continuo. La liofilización continúa según sigue:
Temp. Envolvente (ºC) | Tiempo (horas) | Lectura presión final | |
Nm-^{2} | (Militorr) | ||
5 | 64 | 7,73 | (58) |
20 | 2,75 | 7,73 | (58) |
A continuación se paran los condensadores y la
bomba de vacío y se ventea el aparato con nitrógeno. La espuma
resultante tiene un espesor de 3,2-4,0 mm, es
fuerte, suave y plegable. El análisis NMR indica que la espuma no
tiene ningún nivel detectable (>1000 ppm) de 1,4 dioxano. Las
características de la espuma pueden variarse cambiando la
concentración y/o la composición de la solución.
Se reproduce sustancialmente el procedimiento del
Ejemplo 1, excepto que se utiliza 0,22 gm de trimetilolpropano
(0,80 mmoles/mol de monómero total) en lugar de glicol de dietileno.
Se observa una pérdida de peso de 1,4% cuando se devolatiliza el
polímero a 110ºC al vacío. La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del
copolímero es 1,98 dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la
relación molar de PCL/PGA resulta ser 43,8/56,2 por NMR. La
temperatura de transición al estado vítreo (Tg) y el punto de
fusión (Tm) de este copolímero resultan ser -10ºC y 65ºC,
respectivamente, por DSC.
A continuación se resumen las propiedades a la
tracción de las películas de este elastómero moldeadas por
compresión:
Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | ||||
A 300% alarg | a la rotura | a la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
Promedio | 5,25x10^{6} | (762) | 25,2x10^{6} | (3664) | 1230 |
Desviación Estándar | 144 | 379 | 27 |
Según resulta de los datos anteriores, este
compuesto presenta unas excelentes propiedades a la tracción, y un
elevado alargamiento a la rotura. Las propiedades a la tracción
mejoran considerablemente con trimetilopropano como iniciador en
lugar de glicol de dietileno (véase el Ejemplo 1).
Se reproduce sustancialmente el procedimiento del
Ejemplo 1, excepto que se utiliza como iniciador 0,136 gm de
pentaeritritol (0,50 mmoles/mol de monómero total). Se observa una
pérdida de peso de 2,4% cuando se devolatiliza el polímero a 110ºC
a alto vacío. La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del copolímero es 1,96
dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la relación molar de PCL/PGA
resulta ser 41,7/58,3 por NMR. La temperatura de transición al
estado vítreo (Tg) y el punto de fusión (Tm) de este copolímero
resultan ser -8ºC y 64ºC, respectivamente, por DSC.
A continuación se resumen las propiedades a la
tracción de las películas de este elastómero moldeadas por
compresión:
Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | ||||
A 300% alarg | a la rotura | a la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
Promedio | 5,80x10^{6} | (842) | 22,22x10^{6} | (3223) | 1143 |
Desviación Estándar | 63 | 413 | 62 |
Las propiedades a la tracción de este copolímero,
que se inicia con pentaeritritrol, son equivalentes a las del
copolímero iniciado con trimetilolpropano (Ejemplo 4) y superiores a
las del glicol de dietileno (Ejemplo 1). Este copolímero presenta
unas propiedades elastoméricas excelentes en comparación con el
poliuretano elastomérico no absorbible comercial (Tecoflex®).
El procedimiento descrito en el Ejemplo 1 se
reproduce sustancialmente. Se observa una pérdida de peso del 0,9%
tras la devolatilización. La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del
copolímero es 1,62 dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la relación
molar de PGL/PGA se encontró que era 42,3/57,7 por NMR.
A continuación se resumen las propiedades a la
tracción de las películas moldeadas por compresión:
Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | ||||
A 300% alarg | a la rotura | a la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
Promedio | 7,89x10^{6} | (1145) | 29,58x10^{6} | (4290) | 1151 |
Desviación Estándar | 39 | 490 | 87 | ||
Propiedades In Vitro tras 7 días/37ºC/pH7,27 | |||||
Promedio | -- | -- | 8,36x10^{6} | (1213) | 217 |
Desviación Estándar | -- | -- | 35 | 173 |
Las propiedades a la tracción de este compuesto
presentan una elevada resistencia a la tracción y un elevado
alargamiento a la rotura, equivalentes a los elastómeros
termoplásticos no absorbibles de grado médico disponibles
comercialmente.
Las propiedades In Vitro se determinan
midiendo las propiedades a la tracción después del número de días
indicado en una solución tampón de fosfato con un pH de 7,27 a
37ºC.
El procedimiento descrito en el Ejemplo 1 se
reproduce sustancialmente. Se observa una pérdida de peso del 0,8%
tras la devolatilización. La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del
copolímero es 1,49 dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la relación
molar de PCL/PGA resulta ser 44,3/55,7 por NMR.
A continuación se resumen las propiedades a la
tracción de las películas moldeadas por compresión:
Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | ||||
A 300% alarg | a la rotura | a la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
Promedio | 4,28x10^{6} | (621) | 12,42x10^{6} | (1802) | 993 |
Desviación Estándar | 13 | 323 | 153 | ||
Propiedades In Vitro tras 7 días/37ºC/pH7,27 | |||||
Promedio | -- | -- | 3,29x10^{6} | (477) | 169 |
Desviación Estándar | -- | 47 | 45 |
Este compuesto también presenta excelentes
propiedades elastoméricas.
\newpage
Se prueban varios elastómeros absorbibles de
diversas composiciones utilizando un analizador mecánico dinámico
Rheometrics RDA II para estudiar el efecto de la composición sobre
el módulo de tracción (Modulo E'). Se utilizan para la prueba unas
muestras moldeadas por compresión de 1,27 cm (0,5'') x 3,81 cm
(1,5'') x 0,15 cm (0,060''). Se obtiene la temperatura de transición
al estado vítreo (Tg') y un módulo de resistencia pequeño (0,5%). El
módulo de torsión se convierte en módulo de tracción utilizando una
relación de Poisson de 0,5 como para una goma ideal. A continuación
se resumen algunos de los datos:
Ejemplo nº | A | B | C | D | E |
Composición, % molar | |||||
Caprolactona | 45 | 40 | 45 | 45 | 35 |
Glicolido | 55 | 60 | 55 | 55 | 65 |
Funcionalidad | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 |
iniciador | |||||
Tg, ºC | -12 | -9 | -15 | -13 | -1 |
Módulo E' Pa | 46,26 x 10^{6} | 132,2 x 10^{6} | 2,51 x 10^{6} | 45,46 x 10^{6} | 276,27 x 10^{6} |
Módulo E' | (6710) | (19178) | (3555) | (6593) | (40070) |
(psi) |
La composición afecta del mismo modo tanto a la
Tg como al módulo. Una mayor concentración de glicolido aumenta la
Tg y el módulo.
Se reproduce sustancialmente el procedimiento
descrito en el Ejemplo 2, excepto que se utiliza como iniciador
0,22 gm de trimetilol propano (0,80 moles/mol de monómero total). Se
observa una pérdida de peso de 3,2% cuando se devolatiliza el
polímero a 110ºC a alto vacío. La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del
copolímero es 2,04 dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la
relación molar de PCL/PGA resulta ser 39,3/60,7 por NMR. La
temperatura de transición al estado vítreo (Tg) y el punto de
fusión (Tm) de este copolímero resultan ser 1ºC y 56ºC,
respectivamente, por DSC.
A continuación se resumen las propiedades a la
tracción de las películas de este elastómero moldeadas por
compresión:
Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | ||||
A 300 % alarg. | A la rotura | A la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
Promedio | 8,76x10^{6} | (1270) | 27,7x10^{6} | (4020) | 1027 |
Desviación Estándar | 47 | 344 | 78 |
Las propiedades a la tracción de este copolímero,
que se inicia con trimetilol propano, son equivalentes a las del
copolímero iniciado con glicol de dietileno (Ejemplo 7).
Se reproduce sustancialmente el procedimiento del
Ejemplo 2, excepto que se utiliza como iniciador 0,136 gm de
pentaeritritol (0,50 mmoles/mol de monómero total), Se observa una
pérdida de peso de 4,6% cuando se devolatiliza el polímero a 110ºC
a alto vacío La viscosidad inherente (I,V.) del copolímero es 2,26
dl/g en hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) y la relación molar de PCL/PGA
resulta ser 34,1/65,9 por NMR. La temperatura de transición al
estado vítreo (Tg) y el punto de fusión (Tm) de este copolímero
resultan ser 0ºC y 55ºC, respectivamente, por DSC.
A continuación se resumen las propiedades a la
tracción de las películas de este elastómero moldeadas por
compresión:
Resistencia a la tracción | Alargamiento | ||||
A 300 % alarg. | A la rotura | A la rotura | |||
Pa | (psi) | Pa | (psi) | (%) | |
Promedio | 10,54x10^{6} | (1529) | 22,43x10^{6} | (3253) | 718 |
Desviación Estándar | 24 | 665 | 133 |
Las propiedades a la tracción de este copolímero,
que se inicia con pentaeritritrol, son ligeramente inferiores a las
del polímero iniciado con dietilenglicol (Ejemplo 7). La composición
final de este copolímero está próxima a PCL/PGA a 35/65% molar.
La velocidad de absorción de los elastómeros de
\varepsilon-caprolactona/glicolido se mide por la
velocidad de pérdida de peso In Vitro a 50ºC en una solución
tampón de fosfato con pH 7,27. A continuación se muestran algunos
de los datos de pérdida de peso de elastómeros de
\varepsilon-caprolactona/glicolido 40/60, 45/55 y
50/50:
Ejemplo nº | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Composición de Caprolactona/glicolido | 40/60 | 45/55 | 50/50 |
Absorción | |||
Hidrólisis In Vitro, fosfato tampón 50ºC/pH 7,27 | |||
% pérdida peso en 49 días | 93,9 | 91,2 | 91,1 |
% pérdida peso en 140 días | 99,6 | 99,1 | 99,0 |
Los datos de esta tabla muestran que la absorción
de estos elastómeros es muy rápida. La cantidad de pérdida de peso
es una medida de la absorción In Vivo, ya que los polímeros
sintéticos se degradan por hidrólisis.
Claims (8)
1. Un dispositivo médico o parte del mismo
formado a partir de un elastómero bioabsorbible, en el que:
el elastómero presenta un porcentaje de
alargamiento mayor que 200 y una viscosidad inherente de desde 0,6
dl/g hasta 4,0 dl/g, cuando se mide en una solución de 0,1 gramos
por decilitro del elastómero en hexafluorisopropanol;
el elastómero es un copolímero aleatorio de: a)
desde el 35 hasta el 45 por ciento en peso de
\varepsilon-caprolactona, y b) siendo el resto
glicoluro; y
el dispositivo médico o parte del mismo se
selecciona a partir de componentes de unas pinzas y grapas
quirúrgicas; un vehículo para dispensar drogas; un tubo; una espuma;
unas bandas de goma para ligaduras; unas películas para dispensar
drogas y prevenir la adhesión; unas juntas; unos revestimientos para
endoprótesis vasculares; unos selladores elastómeros; unos manguitos
para dispositivos de acoplamiento anastomótico; unos injertos
vasculares; unos canales para regeneración de tendones; unas vendas
y tiras adhesivas para heridas; unas mallas flexibles; unos tubos
para uso como catéteres y para drenaje de diversos compartimentos y
órganos corporales; unos tapones; unas cintas; unas almohadillas;
unos cordones; unas lentes de contacto; y unas lentes de
recubrimiento de la córnea.
2. El dispositivo o parte de la reivindicación 1,
en el que el elastómero bioabsorbible presenta un porcentaje de
cristalinidad menor que el 25 por ciento.
3. El dispositivo o parte de la reivindicación 1
o la reivindicación 2, en el que el elastómero bioabsorbible
presenta una viscosidad inherente de desde 1,0 dl/g hasta 2,0 dl/g,
cuando se mide en una solución de 0,1 gramos por decilitro del
copolímero en hexafluorisopropanol.
4. El dispositivo o parte de una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el que el elastómero bioabsorbible
presenta un porcentaje de alargamiento mayor que 500.
5. El dispositivo o parte de una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en el que el elastómero bioabsorbible
presenta un módulo menor que 275,8 x 10^{6} Pa (40,000 psi),
preferiblemente menor que 137,9 x 10^{6} Pa (20,000 psi).
6. El dispositivo o parte de una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que el elastómero bioabsorbible
presenta una bioabsorción completa en un año, preferiblemente en 6
meses.
7. El dispositivo o parte de una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, en el que al elastómero bioabsorbible se
le da una forma de: un componente para una pinza o grapa quirúrgica;
un vehículo para dispensar drogas; un tubo; o una espuma.
8. El dispositivo o parte de una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, en el que el copolímero aleatorio se
prepara polimerizando componentes monómeros a) y b) en presencia de
un iniciador, que comprende un alcohol mono- o polihídrico o un
hidroxiácido.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US7316 | 1993-01-21 | ||
US08/007,316 US5468253A (en) | 1993-01-21 | 1993-01-21 | Elastomeric medical device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2143525T3 ES2143525T3 (es) | 2000-05-16 |
ES2143525T5 true ES2143525T5 (es) | 2006-06-16 |
Family
ID=21725459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES94300449T Expired - Lifetime ES2143525T5 (es) | 1993-01-21 | 1994-01-20 | Dispositivo medico elastomerico. |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5468253A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0608139B2 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH06277274A (es) |
AU (1) | AU662460B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2113792A1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE69423526T3 (es) |
DK (1) | DK0608139T4 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2143525T5 (es) |
GR (1) | GR1002642B (es) |
PT (1) | PT608139E (es) |
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- 1994-01-20 PT PT94300449T patent/PT608139E/pt unknown
- 1994-01-20 EP EP94300449A patent/EP0608139B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-20 JP JP6018800A patent/JPH06277274A/ja active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-08-07 US US08/511,826 patent/US5713920A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5385294A (en) | 1994-07-28 |
DE69423526T3 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
DK0608139T3 (da) | 2000-07-03 |
EP0608139A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
CA2113792A1 (en) | 1994-07-22 |
PT608139E (pt) | 2000-06-30 |
EP0608139B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
DK0608139T4 (da) | 2005-12-27 |
JPH06277274A (ja) | 1994-10-04 |
DE69423526D1 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
US5713920A (en) | 1998-02-03 |
ES2143525T3 (es) | 2000-05-16 |
AU662460B2 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
GR1002642B (el) | 1997-03-12 |
US5468253A (en) | 1995-11-21 |
DE69423526T2 (de) | 2000-07-20 |
EP0608139B2 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
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