EP4209708A1 - Chaudière de gazéification de combustible solide à tuyère radiale - Google Patents

Chaudière de gazéification de combustible solide à tuyère radiale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4209708A1
EP4209708A1 EP22215893.3A EP22215893A EP4209708A1 EP 4209708 A1 EP4209708 A1 EP 4209708A1 EP 22215893 A EP22215893 A EP 22215893A EP 4209708 A1 EP4209708 A1 EP 4209708A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
gasification chamber
chamber
combustion chamber
gasification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP22215893.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4209708B1 (fr
Inventor
Michal HALADA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bh Property SRO
Original Assignee
Blaze Harmony SRO
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Publication date
Application filed by Blaze Harmony SRO filed Critical Blaze Harmony SRO
Publication of EP4209708A1 publication Critical patent/EP4209708A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4209708B1 publication Critical patent/EP4209708B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/18—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/36—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a conical combustion chamber, e.g. "teepee" incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a solid fuel radial nozzle type gasification heater.
  • Known heaters of this concept contain a gasification chamber in the upper part and a combustion chamber in the lower part.
  • the gassing chamber is almost always square or rectangular in cross-section.
  • In the upper part it contains a hole for filling fuel.
  • the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are separated by a partition.
  • the partition wall thus forms the floor of the gasification chamber with its upper surface and the ceiling of the combustion chamber with its lower surface.
  • the partition contains a nozzle (vent or through hole) that connects the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber.
  • the entrance opening (Slit) of the nozzle is usually located in the center of the bottom of the gasification chamber.
  • the outlet of the nozzle is in the wall that usually forms the ceiling of the combustion chamber.
  • the bottom of the gasification chamber can be horizontal or inclined towards the nozzle.
  • the sloping floor of the gasification chamber is thus in the shape of a four-sided pyramid with the apex down, with 4 triangular walls, or a four-sided trough with a pair of opposing triangular walls and a pair of trapezoidal walls.
  • the nozzle is therefore an important element, and its quality has a significant impact on the quality of the heater as a whole. From the stated functions of the nozzle it is clear that the requirements for the spatial arrangement of the nozzle are quite contradictory: the removal of gases and ash requires large nozzle dimensions, while the collection of unburned particles or mixing with air requires small nozzle dimensions .
  • the ash removal requires multiple inlets in the tray area, while gas removal requires an inlet in the center of the tray.
  • the walls of the nozzle are exposed to high temperatures (up to 1100°C), gas effects (oxidation and reduction reactions, etc.), ash effects (melting, high-temperature alkaline corrosion, etc.) and mechanical stress from parts of the fuel. This places extraordinary demands on the selection of the materials used.
  • the walls of the nozzle can be made of heat-resistant metal alloys of iron (refractory steel and cast iron). This material is strong and allows you to create any shape (for example, a grate), but its temperature resistance is insufficient and its service life is short.
  • Ceramic is most often used for the walls of the nozzle. Ceramics withstand temperatures well, but are fragile. The strength, especially under tension, is many times lower than that of metallic materials. Therefore, the ceramic parts must be solid, which imposes significant dimensional limitations.
  • nozzle types differ mainly in the shape and number of inlet holes. Most often, nozzles with an inlet opening and a rectangular cross section with a significant side difference (elongated) are used. There are also square or round nozzles.
  • the nozzle vent usually follows the inlet port. The cross-section of the vent widens downwards to prevent parts of the fuel from sticking.
  • the outlet port is therefore usually identical to the inlet port, but slightly larger.
  • the vents from each inlet hole are usually connected to a single outlet hole.
  • each type of nozzle has a different combination of advantages and disadvantages.
  • a square or round nozzle due to its central position in the bottom, achieves a higher energy value of the gas (and thus combustion quality), but has the disadvantage of a large waste of fuel parts, which are then missing in the gasification chamber. This reduces the efficiency of gasification, while the fuel parts in the combustion chamber are troublesome and deteriorate the quality of gas combustion.
  • a rectangular nozzle has the advantage (because it is significantly narrower for the same area) that parts of the fuel lose a small drop.
  • their disadvantage is that their ends reach into the edge areas of the ground, where the energy value of the gas is lower.
  • Efforts to achieve the greatest possible proportion of the above advantages lead to the design of nozzles with a relatively small area of the inlet opening, which increases the gas throughput and thus the pressure loss of the nozzle.
  • the heater must be equipped with a fan, while the fan power also increases with increasing pressure loss of the nozzle.
  • High gas velocities locally increase the intensity of oxidation reactions, which increase the temperature due to the increased formation of harmful NOX emissions (nitrogen oxides) or cause undesirable melting of ash (slag formation).
  • Nozzles with a larger number of inlet holes have favorable operating characteristics. However, for reasons of strength, they do not allow the use of ceramic material, so they must be made of metal. They therefore also have a short service life and have to be changed frequently, which makes operation more expensive.
  • Some types of gasification heaters are characterized by a sharply sloping floor of the gasification chamber towards its center - or the nozzle.
  • the bottom thus forms the shape of a four-sided pyramid with the apex at the bottom.
  • a sufficient angle of fall (more than 40°)
  • the ash slides down the bottom walls into the nozzle during operation, which is a significant advantage.
  • this type of soil also has disadvantages. It limits e.g. B. the spatial possibilities of the nozzle, which is why heaters with a steeply inclined bottom usually have a square or round nozzle with the above defects (large droplet, high gas velocities, large pressure drop).
  • a solid fuel gasifier-heater-nozzle with a radial nozzle containing a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber located below the gasification chamber.
  • the floor of the gasification chamber is inclined towards the center of the gasification chamber by four inclined walls forming a pyramid shape form with the tip pointing into the combustion chamber, or forms a trough.
  • the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are separated by a partition through which the nozzle passes.
  • the inlet opening is in the bottom of the gasification chamber and the outlet opening is in the wall of the combustion chamber.
  • the inlet opening of the nozzle consists of a central slit in the shape of a rectangle or square and radial slits forming four rectangular openings. These are located in the rims between the sloping walls of the floor of the gasification chamber, creating a radial pattern.
  • the central vent of the nozzle is routed under the central slot.
  • the radial slots are followed by ducts which open into the central vent which forms an exit opening in the walls of the combustion chamber.
  • the channels are at an angle of at least 40°, ie the angle from the bottom of the channels relative to the horizontal plane.
  • the side walls of the channels are mutually open to their lower walls (bottom of the channels).
  • gasification heater 100 gasification boiler
  • solid fuel 6 for example wood
  • the gasification boiler 100 includes a gasification chamber 4 with a square or rectangular cross-section and a combustion chamber 9 arranged below the gasification chamber 4.
  • the gasification chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 9 are separated by a partition wall 5 which forms the bottom 10 of this gasification chamber 4 on the side of the gasification chamber 4 , and the combustion-side chambers 9 form the upper inner wall 7 of this combustion chamber.
  • a nozzle 2 Through the partition 5 is a nozzle 2, consisting of an inlet opening 1 and an outlet opening 3 out.
  • the bottom 10 of the gasification chamber 4 is inclined significantly towards the center of the gasification chamber 4 by four inclined walls 11.
  • the walls 11 of the gasification chamber 4, which is square in cross section, are inclined in the form of a pyramid ( 2 ).
  • the inclined walls 11 of the gasification chamber 4 of rectangular section are inclined in the form of a trough ( 10 ).
  • the inlet opening 1 of the nozzle 2 on the gasification chamber 4 with a square cross-section contains a square central slot 13 and radial slots 14.
  • a central vent 15 forming an exit opening 3 in the wall 7 of the nozzles 2 of the combustion chamber 9.
  • the central vent 15 is in the form of a regular prism with a square profile, the upper part of which has folded corners.
  • the radial slots 14 are formed by rectangular openings located in the edges 12 of the bottom 10 of the gasification chamber 4 . This will create a radial pattern generated that resembles a four-pointed star or a cross.
  • the channels 8 leading to the central vent 15 are connected to the radial slots 14 through the nozzles 2.
  • the channels 8 are inclined to the central vent 15 at an angle of at least 40°.
  • the side walls 16 of the channels 8 are mutually open to their lower walls 17 ( Figures 8 and 9 ).
  • the inlet opening 1 of the nozzle 2 on the gasification chamber 4 (which is rectangular in cross-section Figures 11 to 15 , 8 and 9 ) contains a central slit 13 of rectangular shape and radial slits 14. Below the opening 15, a central vent 15 with a central slit 13 is guided, which forms a combustion chamber wall 7,9.
  • the combustion chamber wall 7, 9 has an outlet opening 3 and 2 nozzles.
  • the central vent 15 has a variable size rectangular profile.
  • the radial slots 14 are formed by rectangular openings located in the edges 12 of the bottom 10 of the gasification chamber 4 creating a radial pattern.
  • the channels 8 leading to the central vent 15 are connected to the radial slots 14 through the nozzles 2.
  • the channels 8 are inclined to the central vent 15 at an angle of at least 40°.
  • the side walls 16 of the channels 8 are mutually open to their lower walls 17 ( Figures 8 and 9 ).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP22215893.3A 2022-01-03 2022-12-22 Chaudière de gazéification de combustible solide à tuyère radiale Active EP4209708B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2022-1A CZ20221A3 (cs) 2022-01-03 2022-01-03 Zplyňovací topidlo na pevná paliva s paprskovitou tryskou

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4209708A1 true EP4209708A1 (fr) 2023-07-12
EP4209708B1 EP4209708B1 (fr) 2024-05-15

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ID=85477724

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22215893.3A Active EP4209708B1 (fr) 2022-01-03 2022-12-22 Chaudière de gazéification de combustible solide à tuyère radiale

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4209708B1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20221A3 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0154956A2 (fr) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-18 UNICAL S.p.A. Brûleur pour chaudière en acier à combustible solide
EP0409790A1 (fr) * 1989-07-19 1991-01-23 Willi Hager Installation de combustion
AT395905B (de) * 1988-03-09 1993-04-26 Prueller Josef Rostfeuerung, insbesondere fuer heizkessel
EP0563499A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-06 Liebi Lnc Ag Chaudière de gazéification du bois
KR20100003789A (ko) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-12 김일상 화목 보일러
EP2615369A1 (fr) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-17 Cheap Heat B.V. Dispositif de chauffage

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203629009U (zh) * 2013-12-17 2014-06-04 迅达科技集团股份有限公司 生物质半气化燃烧常压热水锅炉
CN204176630U (zh) * 2014-09-23 2015-02-25 韩秀峰 生物质气化燃烧常压锅炉
CZ307859B6 (cs) * 2018-03-12 2019-07-03 Blaze Harmony S.R.O. Topidlo na pevná paliva s třípásmovým přívodem spalovacího vzduchu

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0154956A2 (fr) * 1984-03-16 1985-09-18 UNICAL S.p.A. Brûleur pour chaudière en acier à combustible solide
AT395905B (de) * 1988-03-09 1993-04-26 Prueller Josef Rostfeuerung, insbesondere fuer heizkessel
EP0409790A1 (fr) * 1989-07-19 1991-01-23 Willi Hager Installation de combustion
EP0563499A1 (fr) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-06 Liebi Lnc Ag Chaudière de gazéification du bois
KR20100003789A (ko) * 2008-07-02 2010-01-12 김일상 화목 보일러
EP2615369A1 (fr) * 2012-01-16 2013-07-17 Cheap Heat B.V. Dispositif de chauffage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ309513B6 (cs) 2023-03-15
CZ20221A3 (cs) 2023-03-15
EP4209708B1 (fr) 2024-05-15

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