EP2029939B1 - Four pour combustibles solides - Google Patents

Four pour combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2029939B1
EP2029939B1 EP07725110A EP07725110A EP2029939B1 EP 2029939 B1 EP2029939 B1 EP 2029939B1 EP 07725110 A EP07725110 A EP 07725110A EP 07725110 A EP07725110 A EP 07725110A EP 2029939 B1 EP2029939 B1 EP 2029939B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle part
burner plate
nozzle
secondary air
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07725110A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2029939A2 (fr
Inventor
Haiko KÜNZEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paul Kuenzel & Co Firma GmbH
Original Assignee
Paul Kuenzel & Co Firma GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Kuenzel & Co Firma GmbH filed Critical Paul Kuenzel & Co Firma GmbH
Publication of EP2029939A2 publication Critical patent/EP2029939A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2029939B1 publication Critical patent/EP2029939B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a kiln according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a kiln is made, for example EP 0 641 969 A1 known.
  • Such furnaces in particular so-called wood gasification boilers, have the characteristic that they improve the energy yield as well as the pollutant content of the flue gases by means of secondary air.
  • a burner of this kind is from the EP 0 268 208 B1 known.
  • This comprises a combustion chamber, a burner plate designed as a burner brick and an afterburner chamber underneath.
  • the burner block has an insert recess in which an insert part is inserted.
  • openings are formed so that there is a through opening when inserted burner block.
  • an annular channel is formed so that an air path via a secondary air duct, the annular channel and the openings for the secondary air results.
  • the air duct in the region of the opening is frustoconical, so that the radii decrease towards the post-combustion chamber.
  • the device is divided into a combustion chamber and an ash storage room or a combustion chamber with a burner stone. In the area of the burner stone a truncated cone is present, are drawn through the combustion gases. In this solution, a secondary air duct is also present. The secondary air is also supplied horizontally here.
  • a boiler for burning solid fuels according to the so-called burn-through principle is improved in terms of pollutant formation and energy yield, characterized in that a convective heating surface of the boiler or a Schugasabzug is provided with a innenberippten cylinder.
  • an exhaust fan is used for intake.
  • primary combustion air passes under a grate.
  • the secondary air flows in via a burnout chamber.
  • a furnace with natural draft for combustion of solid fuels is in the DE 40 07 849 C3 shown and described.
  • the flue gases are supplied centrally in a passageway secondary air.
  • the formation of the air supply paths is complicated and expensive in this furnace.
  • a heating device in which the energy yield is improved and the pollutant content of the pollutants is reduced discloses the DE 44 35 748 C2 , Again, the flue gases are not derived directly to the environment but burned in a Nachbrennraum under secondary air supplied.
  • the secondary air is supplied through a plurality of horizontal feed body, but the secondary air is fed vertically to these bodies.
  • Each feed body is frusto-conical and protrudes into a side adjacent room, so that particularly easily turbulent eddy currents and good mixing of the flue gases with secondary air is achieved.
  • nozzle tops which may be insertable into a first aperture disposed on the upper burner plate.
  • the structure of such nozzle tops of the prior art is characterized in that they have a cover surface which is planar.
  • the nozzle top could therefore also be referred to as a cover plate.
  • a nozzle top substantially causes it to cover the burner hole, thus preventing uncontrolled falling of wood or charcoal pieces through the burner hole.
  • nozzle tops are also referred to as a turbo disk. This name results from the slanted lamellae with which the nozzle top is provided and bring the wood gases with primary air in rotation and mix in the swirl chamber of the kiln with the secondary air.
  • a good oxidation and reduction of pollutants is achieved without the principle of a horizontal gas inlet of the burner must be left and without a complex furnace construction.
  • the nozzle top is vertical and located directly under the embers, which creates a very high temperature of the nozzle top, but also the nozzle part and thus optimum combustion values.
  • An assembly is also very simple, since the nozzle top, for example, can be easily inserted into the opening of a burner plate and fastened there.
  • the installation of the nozzle part is also very simple, since an installation space was created by the division of the burner plate in an upper burner plate and a lower burner plate, which also serves to supply the secondary air.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a kiln of the generic type, in which the disadvantages shown are avoided in a simple manner.
  • the special inventive design of the nozzle top is particularly advantageous.
  • the design of the peripheral edge with the lamellae arranged thereon and the central truncated cone a particularly good adaptability to the thermal loads is achieved.
  • When heating up to the operating temperature there is a corresponding expansion, which is not limited by the bearing over the slats.
  • the combination of the peripheral edge in the form of a ring in connection with the truncated cone leads to a stress compensation and a material displacement, so that cracking is avoided.
  • the covering surface of the nozzle upper part has recesses and / or elevations. Characterized in that the cover surface of the nozzle upper part recesses and / or elevations, the planar part of the covering surface is reduced.
  • This step or step acts as a spring between the planar part of the surface and the surfaces of the depressions or elevations, which results in certain elasticities within the covering surface of the nozzle upper part.
  • the nozzle upper part and the nozzle part consists of sheet metal material.
  • this material offers high resistance to fire and, on the other hand, is easy to process. It is also inexpensive.
  • Sheet metal has even proved to be more durable than chamotte, because due to the high and rapid temperature changes thermal stresses occur, which are only tolerated by sheet longer term.
  • the nozzle part is provided with circumferential window-like air inlet openings, through which the secondary air enters the nozzle part.
  • the air inlet openings need not be present directly on the nozzle part.
  • the nozzle part is provided with external profiles, in particular provided with air guide fins or with guide elements for swirling the secondary air.
  • the louvers are shaped or positioned so that a rotational movement of the air and thus a complete combustion is achieved.
  • the burner plate made of stone, in particular of firebrick. Due to the material combination achieved (sheet / chamotte) creates a favorable temperature distribution, with a long shelf life of both materials is given.
  • the burner plate can be water cooled.
  • the nozzle top is formed with a peripheral edge web and a truncated cone and mounted on fins, so that an annular gap is formed with inlet openings between the fins. This allows a controlled gas entry.
  • the burner plate is provided with an upwardly directed collar on which the lamellae of the nozzle upper part are mounted.
  • This so existing paragraph is raised, so that ash is up to the annular gap or slot on the burner chamber floor and is not immediately entrained. This further reduces the dust emission.
  • the ash also forms an insulating layer opposite the burner plate. This burner plate is thus less burdened by heat.
  • the paragraph can also be made of metal as a ring and integrally formed on the nozzle top.
  • the collar can be releasably up or used.
  • the nozzle part consists of a nozzle upper part which can be inserted into a first aperture arranged on the upper burner plate and consists of a nozzle lower part, which can be placed on a second burner plate arranged on a second opening.
  • the nozzle top can also be made differently than the lower part.
  • the upper part may be formed as a casting, while the lower part may be a deep-drawn part.
  • the wall thicknesses of both parts can also be customized be dimensioned so that the mechanical strength and thermal conductivity of the nozzle part can be optimized.
  • the top can be thicker and more stable, while the bottom can be very thin.
  • a very rapid heating of the nozzle part which is important for optimum exhaust gas and heating values, can be achieved if the wall thickness of the nozzle part is less than 5 mm, in particular 1-3 mm.
  • the elevation is a downwardly projecting truncated cone with a circumferential collar or the elevation is arranged centrally of the cover surface, wherein the elevation is formed integrally with the cover surface and formed in the shape of a hollow hemisphere.
  • a practicable variant of the invention also provides that the depression is formed centrally of the covering surface, wherein a hollow pyramidal formation extends upwards in the depression. Also can the elevation may be formed centrally of the cover surface, wherein the elevation may take the form of a hollow closed cylinder.
  • ejektungscareen nozzle top part may be such that the recess is arranged centrally of the cover surface, wherein the recess is in the form of an open hemisphere or round, wherein the roundish recess has a bottom.
  • the FIG. 1 shows internal parts of a solid fuel kiln. This is preferably designed as HolzvergaserWhokessel.
  • the boiler is provided with a combustion chamber 6 and an upper burner plate 12 below the fuels, not shown.
  • the boiler comprises a primary air feed 1 and a secondary air feed 2.
  • the burner plate 12 has an opening 3 for the afterburning of fuel gases of the fuels or wood pieces. In the area or above the opening 3 are glowing pieces of wood.
  • the opening 3 is covered up to an annular gap 17 by a nozzle upper part 10.
  • the secondary air (8a) is supplied horizontally through the secondary air supply 2.
  • the nozzle part 5 is also made in two parts. Below the upper burner plate 12 is at a distance another plate so that two plates are present, namely an upper burner plate 12 and a lower burner plate 13. Between the two plates 12, 13 flows horizontally, the secondary air (8a). The afterburned gases are guided and discharged through an afterburner chamber 4 located below the lower burner plate 13.
  • the opening 3 is followed by a thin-walled nozzle part 5, which can also be referred to as a burner pot.
  • the nozzle part 5 tapers in cross section from the combustion chamber 6 in the direction of the afterburning chamber 4.
  • the nozzle part 5 has in principle the form of a funnel or hollow truncated cone.
  • the secondary air 8a passes through gas inlet openings into the interior of the nozzle part 5, where it is swirled and mixes with the gases or particles to be combusted.
  • the nozzle part 5 made of fire-resistant metal, in particular sheet metal.
  • the wood embers disposed above the nozzle part 5 very quickly heat the nozzle part 5 and thus also the secondary air 8a, so that an optimal afterburning and a low environmental load are given.
  • nozzle part 5 Above the nozzle part 5 are formed in the annular gap in a circumferential edge web 8 window-like air inlet openings 7, through which the secondary air 8a enters the nozzle part 5.
  • the window-like openings 7 need not be formed directly by the nozzle part 5. You can, for example, by tooth-like webs at the bottom the burner plate 12 are formed, wherein tooth spaces form the air inlet openings 7.
  • the nozzle part 5 is preferably equipped with external profilings, not shown, in particular air guide fins or vanes.
  • the turbulences created in this way ensure more effective combustion.
  • the burner plate 12 is preferably made of stone. But it can also consist of another heat-resistant material such as metal, in particular sheet metal.
  • the upper burner plate 12 is provided with an upwardly directed collar 9. This is practically out of the burner plate 12, as the figure shows.
  • the nozzle upper part 10 On the collar is the nozzle upper part 10, which is insertable into the arranged in the upper burner plate 12 first opening 3, wherein the nozzle member 5 as a nozzle lower part 11 surrounds a arranged on the lower burner plate 13 second aperture 14.
  • the nozzle upper part 10 does not have to be connected directly to the nozzle base 11.
  • the wall thickness of the nozzle part 5 is less than 5 mm, in particular 1-3 mm.
  • the nozzle top 10 has a wall thickness of 2 mm while the nozzle base has a wall thickness of 1 mm.
  • the nozzle upper part 10 which can also be referred to as a turbo disk, is funnel-shaped with a downwardly projecting truncated cone with a peripheral edge, under which disks 16 are supported as a support. and air guide elements are formed, which are arranged in the annular gap 17 through which the fuel gases from the combustion chamber 6, together with the primary air, enter the nozzle part 5.
  • the fins 16 are preferably not radially but slightly inclined to improve the turbulence.
  • the fins 16 bear on the collar 9 and carry the nozzle upper part 10. Between the fins 16, the inflow openings 18 are formed for the fuel gas and primary air mixture.
  • the nozzle base 11 is approximately funnel-shaped and has at its upper end also a circumferential, outwardly directed web 15 on which the openings 7 between the upper burner plate 12 and this web 15 are arranged.
  • Exhaust gas recirculation can reduce the proportion of nitrogen oxides by cooling the flame and avoiding the development of excessive levels of nitrogen oxide.
  • 13 inflow openings 19 are formed in the bottom region of the nozzle part 5 and in the lower burner plate 13. The exhaust gas enters an inner space 20 of the nozzle part 5 and flows out via outflow openings 21 and mixes with the fuel gas, the primary air and the secondary air 8 a in the flow area of the nozzle part 5.
  • FIG. 2a shows in perspective and FIG. 2b in a perspective sectional view of a nozzle top 22 according to the prior art.
  • the nozzle upper part 22 has a planar covering surface 23 with a cross-sectional extension.
  • the fins 16 are formed as support and air guide elements in the edge region.
  • the fins 16 may in principle be arranged radially, but they are preferably arranged not radially but slightly obliquely to improve the turbulence.
  • the cover surface 23 has a circular shape.
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 Various embodiments of the nozzle top according to the invention are apparent both in perspective views and in perspective sectional views. All embodiments of the nozzle upper part 10 according to the invention have in common that the covering surface 23 recesses 24 or elevations 35 has. It is also conceivable that the covering surface 23 of the nozzle upper part 10 has both recesses 24 and elevations 35.
  • the nozzle upper part 10 according to the invention also has lamellae 16, which are arranged below the cover plate 23 in the edge region of the cover plate 23.
  • the lamellae 16 can in principle be arranged radially.
  • the lamellae 16 are arranged slightly obliquely in order to improve the turbulence here as well.
  • the depression 24 may have a downwardly projecting truncated cone 26 with a peripheral edge 27 as a planar part of the covering surface 23, and the depression 24 may be integrally formed with the planar part of the covering surface 23.
  • the elevation 35 can also be arranged centrally in the cover plate 23, which has a cross-sectional extension 32, the elevation 35 being in the form of a hollow hemisphere 28 (FIG. Fig. 4 ).
  • FIG. 5 Further embodiments of the nozzle upper part according to the invention can be distinguished by the fact that the depression 24 is arranged in the center of the covering surface 23 and in the form of an open hemisphere 29 ( Fig. 5 ).
  • FIG. 6a and 6b provides a further embodiment of the nozzle top 10 according to the invention that the Recess 24 is arranged centrally of the cover surface 23, wherein the recess 24 is formed round.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8th Further embodiments of the nozzle upper part according to the invention show the FIGS. 7 and 8th ,
  • the recess 24 is formed in the center of the cover 23.
  • a hollow pyramidal molding 30 which extends upward.
  • the formation 30 has a number of isosceles triangles 33, 34 which terminate in a common point and serve as side surfaces of the formation 30.
  • an embodiment of the nozzle upper part 10 according to the invention provides that the elevation 35 is formed centrally of the covering surface 23 and is in the form of a hollow cylinder which terminates with a surface 25 (FIG. Fig. 8 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Four pour combustibles solides avec un foyer (6) et une plaque de brûleurs (12) située au-dessous des combustibles, ainsi qu'avec une amenée d'air primaire (1) et une amenée d'air secondaire (2), la plaque de brûleurs (12) présentant une traversée (3) pour la postcombustion de gaz chauds des combustibles par l'air secondaire (8a) amené horizontalement, et les gaz soumis à une postcombustion étant conduits et évacués à travers une chambre de postcombustion (4) située au-dessous de la plaque de brûleurs (12),
    - une partie de buse (5) à paroi mince, dont la section transversale se rétrécit depuis le foyer (6) vers la chambre de postcombustion (4) et dans laquelle l'air secondaire (8a) est amené horizontalement à travers des traversées (7), étant raccordée à la traversée (3),
    - la partie de buse (5) étant disposée à proximité du foyer (6) et étant dirigée vers la chambre de postcombustion (4), et
    - la partie de buse (5) étant composée de métal résistant au feu, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie supérieure de buse (10) est munie d'un tronc de cône (10a) pour recouvrir la traversée (3) de la plaque de brûleurs (12) supérieure, en ce qu'un interstice annulaire (17) est formé entre la plaque de brûleurs (12) et un bord périphérique (10b) de la partie supérieure de buse (10), la partie supérieure de buse (10) étant supportée en particulier par le biais de lamelles (16) sur un collet (9) dirigé vers le haut qui fait saillie à partir de la plaque de brûleurs (12).
  2. Four selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la partie de buse (5) est composée de matériau en tôle.
  3. Four selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, sur la partie de buse (5), il y a des ouvertures d'entrée d'air (7) de type fenêtre relativement grandes à travers lesquelles l'air secondaire (8a) arrive dans la partie de buse (5).
  4. Four selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie de buse (5) est munie de profilages, en particulier de lamelles de guidage d'air pour faire tourbillonner l'air secondaire (8a), et/ou en ce que la plaque de brûleurs (12) est composée de pierre, de métal, en particulier de tôle, et/ou est refroidie par eau et/ou en ce que le collet (9) est rapporté ou intégré de façon détachable et/ou
    en ce que la partie de buse (5) est composée d'une partie supérieure de buse (10), qui peut être introduite dans une première traversée (3) disposée sur une plaque de brûleurs (12) supérieure, et d'une partie inférieure de buse (11) qui peut être rapportée sur une deuxième traversée (14) disposée sur une plaque de brûleurs (13) inférieure et/ou
    en ce que l'épaisseur de paroi de la partie de buse (5) est inférieure à 5 mm, en particulier est de 1 à 3 mm, et/ou
    en ce que le four est caractérisé par une constitution en tant que chaudière à gazéification du bois.
EP07725110A 2006-05-15 2007-05-11 Four pour combustibles solides Active EP2029939B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202006007860U DE202006007860U1 (de) 2006-05-15 2006-05-15 Brennofen für feste Brennstoffe
PCT/EP2007/004190 WO2007131718A2 (fr) 2006-05-15 2007-05-11 Four pour combustibles solides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2029939A2 EP2029939A2 (fr) 2009-03-04
EP2029939B1 true EP2029939B1 (fr) 2011-08-31

Family

ID=37068346

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07725110A Active EP2029939B1 (fr) 2006-05-15 2007-05-11 Four pour combustibles solides

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2029939B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE522772T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202006007860U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007131718A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103411237A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 徐万友 一种带有气化筒的节能环保采暖炉

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007009295U1 (de) * 2007-07-03 2007-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel
AT506229B1 (de) * 2008-03-26 2009-07-15 Franz Simbuerger Holzgasofen
DE102014001785B4 (de) * 2014-02-12 2018-05-30 Dbfz Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum Gemeinnützige Gmbh Kleinstfeuerungsanlage für biogene Festbrennstoffe
CN104896527A (zh) * 2015-06-25 2015-09-09 刘铁军 一种民用气化燃烧炊事取暖炉
CN105910095A (zh) * 2016-05-30 2016-08-31 郭志男 一种锥形炉膛
DE102017206493A1 (de) * 2017-04-18 2018-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Düsenblock zur Eindüsung von Sekundärluft in eine Brennkammer eines Festbrennstoff-Heizkessels sowie Brennkammer und Brennersystem
EP3492814B1 (fr) 2017-12-04 2021-08-25 Aico S.p.A. Poêle à biomasse à émissions réduites
IT202000003050A1 (it) * 2020-02-17 2021-08-17 Mcz Group S P A Braciere

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8630875U1 (de) * 1986-11-18 1987-01-29 Künzel, Haiko, 2084 Rellingen Brenner für einen feststoffbefeuerten Kessel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103411237A (zh) * 2013-08-27 2013-11-27 徐万友 一种带有气化筒的节能环保采暖炉
CN103411237B (zh) * 2013-08-27 2016-09-14 徐万友 一种带有气化筒的节能环保采暖炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE522772T1 (de) 2011-09-15
WO2007131718A2 (fr) 2007-11-22
EP2029939A2 (fr) 2009-03-04
DE202006007860U1 (de) 2006-09-21
WO2007131718A3 (fr) 2008-03-13

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