EP4090724B1 - Schmierfettzusammensetzung - Google Patents

Schmierfettzusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4090724B1
EP4090724B1 EP21700586.7A EP21700586A EP4090724B1 EP 4090724 B1 EP4090724 B1 EP 4090724B1 EP 21700586 A EP21700586 A EP 21700586A EP 4090724 B1 EP4090724 B1 EP 4090724B1
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Prior art keywords
compound
grease composition
carbon atoms
acid
present
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4090724A1 (de
Inventor
Hiroki Yano
Keiji Tanaka
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M115/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M115/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
    • C10M133/18—Amides; Imides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M133/20—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/0406—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C10M2215/1026—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates used as thickening material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/049—Phosphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grease composition.
  • Mechanical elements having a reciprocating sliding ball interposed therebetween include linear guides, ball screws, and constant velocity joints, and the environments in which they are used, are diverse. Rolling and sliding can occur simultaneously in the mechanical elements, and the lubrication environment can be harsh. Under these conditions, contact between the surfaces of rolling members can easily occur, and wear or seizure can occur when the contact is significant.
  • An extreme pressure agent is often added to a lubricant such as lubricating oil and grease in order to prevent wear and seizure and to protect mechanical elements.
  • Well-known extreme pressure agents include sulfur-based extreme pressure agents, phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents, sulfur-phosphorus-based organic compounds, and molybdenum compounds.
  • organic extreme pressure agents have become especially popular as they exhibit excellent extreme pressure performance, and they are currently widely used in lubricating oil compositions.
  • JP200111481A discloses a grease composition for a sliding constant velocity joint comprising a urea thickener, molybdenum sulfide dialkyldithiocarbamate, molybdenum disulfide, a sulfur-phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent such as zinc dithiophosphate or thiophosphate, and a fatty acid amide to improve lubricity in portions prone to wear and likely to cause problems such as abnormal vibrations.
  • the occurrence of induced thrust force in a constant velocity joint causes problems such as reduced durability of the constant velocity joint, abnormal vibration of the vehicle, and a deterioration in riding comfort, but that use of the technique disclosed in this patent document reduces wear, suppresses vibration, and improves durability.
  • JP 2003321694A discloses a technique in which a grease composition contains a urea thickener and an organic sulfonate to prevent flaking from metal fatigue caused by thinning of an oil film despite attempts to thicken the oil film, and to extend flaking service life due to metal fatigue.
  • JP200382374A discloses a technique in which a rolling bearing grease composition contains a urea thickener and a benzotriazole and/or derivative to prevent flaking from metal fatigue caused by thinning of an oil film despite attempts to thicken the oil film, and to extend flaking service life.
  • JP2008239687A discloses a technique in which a bearing grease composition contains a urea thickener, an alkyl phosphorothioate compound, and an aliphatic amine.
  • EP1889897A discloses a lubricant composition for rolling/sliding surfaces comprising diurea derived from MDI and aliphatic amines, amide, Zn-DTP and a fatty acid metal salt.
  • JP201725189A discloses a technique in which a grease composition contains a urea thickener, molybdenum dithiocarbamate, zinc dithiocarbamate, and zinc sulfonate to prevent metal-to-metal contact in lubrication even under high speed/high surface pressure conditions and to form and maintain an additive film that reduces friction.
  • the lubricants and grease compositions in JP200111481A , JP2003321694A , JP200382374 , JP2008239687 and JP201725189A exhibit good wear resistance and film forming ability under specific conditions or for specific mechanical elements, but a composition able to stably maintain an overall balance between wear resistance and film forming ability during reciprocating sliding under various high loads has not been provided. In particular, the effects of reciprocating sliding on flaking under various high loads have not been studied and may be insufficient.
  • the present inventors discovered that a grease composition containing an amide compound, a thiophosphorous acid compound or thiophosphoric acid ester compound, and a specific diurea compound could be used on mechanical elements having a reciprocating sliding ball interposed therebetween to improve flaking resistance.
  • the present invention is a product of this discovery. Specifically, the present invention is the following.
  • Aspect (1) of the present invention is a grease composition
  • a base oil (a), a diurea compound (b), an amide compound (c), and a thiophosphorous compound or a thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d) wherein the diurea compound (b) includes a compound represented by Formula (1) R 1 -NHCONH-R 2 -NHCONH-R 3 (1) wherein, R 1 and R 3 represent an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents a diphenylmethane group and further comprising an amine compound (f) represented by Formula (2) R 4 -NH-R 5 -NH 2 (2) wherein R 4 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 18 carbon atoms, and R 5 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, wherein the amount of amine compound (f) used per 100% by mass of the overall grease composition is 0.1 to 10% by mass.
  • Aspect (2) of the present invention is a grease composition according to aspect (1) of the present invention, wherein the diurea compound (b) includes a diurea compound (b) in which R 1 and R 3 in Formula 1 are either an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms or an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 14 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Aspect (3) of the present invention is a grease composition according to aspect (1) or (2) of the present invention, further comprising a saturated or an unsaturated fatty acid having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a metal salt thereof (e).
  • Aspect (4) of the present invention is a grease composition according to any one of aspects (1) to (3) of the present invention, wherein the amide compound (c) includes an amide compound (c) represented by Formula (3) or Formula (4) R 6 -CO-NH 2 (3) R 6 -CO-NH-R 7 -NH-CO-R 6 (4) wherein R 6 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 15 to 17 carbon atoms, and R 7 represents a methylene group or an ethylene group.
  • Aspect (5) of the present invention is a grease composition according to any one of aspects (1) to (4) of the present invention, wherein the thiophosphorous compound includes a thiophosphorous compound represented by Formula (5), and the thiophosphoric acid ester compound includes a thiophosphoric acid ester compound represented by Formula (6) (R 8 S) 3 P (5) (R 9 O) 3 PS (6) wherein R 8 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and wherein R 9 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing an overview of a flaking resistance tester.
  • the present invention is able to provide a grease composition that can be used to lubricate mechanical elements having a reciprocating sliding ball interposed therebetween and maintain flaking resistance even under a high load in mechanical elements having a reciprocating sliding ball interposed therebetween.
  • hydrocarbon group refers to a group of atoms obtained when some of the hydrogen atoms have been removed from a hydrocarbon.
  • the name of a compound includes all isomers of the compound.
  • an amine compound that forms a diurea compound described below is referred to as a starting amine compound.
  • a starting amine compound and amine compound (f) may be the same or different.
  • the amount of amine compound (f) is mentioned in the present specification, the amount does not include the starting amine compound.
  • a grease composition of the present invention comprises a base oil (a), a diurea compound (b), an amide compound (c), and a thiophosphorous compound or a thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d).
  • the diurea compound (b) in the present invention includes a compound represented by Formula (1) R 1 -NHCONH-R 2 -NHCONH-R 3 (1) wherein R 1 and R 3 represent an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents a represents a diphenylmethane group.
  • a diurea compound (b) in the present invention is generally produced by reacting an isocyanate with a primary amine (starting amine compound). It should be understood that the morphology of the thickener fibers in a diurea thickener depends on the combination of isocyanate and primary amine (starting amine compound), and that the flow characteristics of the resulting grease composition vary significantly.
  • a grease using a diurea compound (b) in Formula 1 as a thickener tends to have excellent intervention properties at a lubrication interface and plays an important role in protecting mechanical elements. It should also be understood that a grease using a diurea compound (b) in Formula 1 as a thickener has good base oil solubility and intervenes at the lubrication interface along with the base oil, so that the different flow morphologies of the fibers interact with each other to provide good flow behavior and impart effective lubricity. It should also be understood that these effects are pronounced in an aliphatic urea grease containing an unsaturated aliphatic amine.
  • a grease composition of the present invention containing a diurea compound (b), an amide compound (c), a thiophosphite compound or thiophosphate ester compound (d) and an amine compound (f) has a remarkable effect on improving anti-flaking performance as described below, and that the addition of a fatty acid or fatty acid salt (e) as well as the amine compound (f) different from the starting amine compound used to form the diurea compound (b) has the effect of further improving the anti-flaking performance of mechanical elements having a reciprocating sliding ball interposed therebetween.
  • this has the effect of thickening the lubricating film due to the improved supply of grease composition to the lubricating interface resulting from the excellent flow characteristics exhibited by the aliphatic diurea thickener in the fluid lubrication range in which the reciprocating sliding speed is high, and that in addition to the lubricating film of the diurea compound (b), the synergistic thickening effect with the urea grease due to the flow characteristics of the amide compound (c) and the fatty acid or fatty acid salt (e) as well as adsorption to metal surfaces further improves wear resistance.
  • the thiophosphite compound or thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d) and the amine compound (f) included in the grease composition abundantly supplied to the lubrication interface due to the excellent flow characteristics of the grease are adsorbed on the metal surfaces, and that the strong coating formed at the interface due to the tribochemical reaction exhibits good anti-flaking performance.
  • a grease composition of the present invention contains a base oil (a).
  • the base oil (a) can be a mineral oil, a synthetic oil, an animal or a vegetable oil, or any mixture thereof. Specific examples are those in Groups 1 to 5 of the base oil categories of the American Petroleum Institute (API).
  • the API base oil categories are a broad classification of base oil materials defined by the American Petroleum Institute in order to create guidelines for lubricating base oils.
  • mineral oils used in the present invention there are no particular restrictions on the mineral oils used in the present invention.
  • preferred examples include paraffin-based or naphthene-based mineral oils obtained by applying one or more refining means, such as solvent degassing, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, sulfuric acid washing and clay treatment, to a lubricating oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation of crude oil. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more.
  • PAO poly ⁇ -olefins
  • oligomers hydrocarbon synthetic oils
  • a PAO is an ⁇ -olefin homopolymer or copolymer.
  • An ⁇ -olefin is a compound with a C-C double bond at the terminal, and specific examples include butene, butadiene, hexene, cyclohexene, methylcyclohexene, octene, nonene, decene, dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, octadecene, and eicosene.
  • hydrocarbon synthetic oils examples include ethylene, propylene, and isobutene homopolymers or copolymers. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more. These compounds may have any isomeric structure as long as they have a C-C double bond at the terminal, and may have a branched structure or a linear structure. These structural isomers and positional isomers with double bonds can be used in combinations of two or more.
  • a linear olefin having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms is preferred because the flash point is low when the number of carbon atoms is five or less, and the viscosity is high and the olefin impractical when the number of carbon atoms is 31 or higher.
  • a gas-to-liquid (GTL) base oil synthesized using the Fischer-Tropsch method for converting natural gas into liquid fuel can be used as the base oil (a).
  • a GTL base oil Compared to a mineral base oil refined from crude oil, a GTL base oil has a very low sulfur and aromatic content and a very high paraffin component ratio. As a result, it has excellent oxidative stability and very low evaporation loss, and is ideal for use as a base oil (a) in the present invention.
  • the grease composition of the present invention contains a diurea compound (b) represented by Formula (1) R 1 -NHCONH-R 2 -NHCONH-R 3 (1) wherein R 1 and R 3 represent an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 2 represents a diphenylmethane group.
  • R 1 and R 3 may be any acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and may be a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. R 1 and R 3 may have the same structure or different structures.
  • the diurea compound (b) in the present invention can be obtained using the reaction in Formula (7) below.
  • R 1 and R 3 are preferably an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms or an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 14 to 20 carbon atoms. More preferably, one of R 1 and R 3 is an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and the other is an acyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 14 to 20 carbon atoms. When R 1 and R 3 have these structures, a grease composition with even better wear resistance and flaking resistance can be obtained.
  • the diurea compound (b) of the present invention can be used alone or in combinations of two or more.
  • the grease composition of the present invention contains an amide compound (c).
  • an amide compound (c) used in the present invention is an aliphatic amide compound represented by Formula (3) below or an aliphatic bisamide compound represented by Formula (4) below.
  • Formula (3) an aliphatic amide compound represented by Formula (3)
  • Formula (4) an aliphatic bisamide compound represented by Formula (4) below.
  • R 6 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 15 to 17 carbon atoms and R 7 represents a methylene group or an ethylene group.
  • aliphatic amide compounds and aliphatic bisamide compounds include palmitic acid amide, palmitoleic acid amide, margaric acid amide, stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, vaccenic acid amide, linoleic acid amide, linolenic acid amide, eleostearic acid amide, arachidic acid amide, eicosadienoic acid amide, mead acid amide, arachidonic acid amide, erucic acid amide, behenic acid amide, methylene bispalmitic acid amide, methylene bispalmitoleic acid amide, methylene bismargaric acid amide, methylene bisstearic acid amide, methylene bisoleic acid amide, methylene bisbacenoic acid amide, methylene bislinoleic acid amide, methylene bislinolenic acid amide, methylene bis-eleostearic acid amide, ethylene
  • the grease composition of the present invention contains a thiophosphorous acid compound or a thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d).
  • a thiophosphorous acid compound or a thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d) used in the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • a thiophosphorous acid compound may also be combined with a thiophosphoric acid ester compound.
  • the thiophosphorous compound or thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d) used in the present invention is preferably a thiophosphorous compound represented by Formula (5) below or a thiophosphoric acid ester compound represented by Formula (6) below.
  • a grease composition with even better wear resistance and flaking resistance can be obtained.
  • R 8 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. (R 9 O) 3 PS (6)
  • R 9 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • thiophosphorous acid compounds and thiophosphoric acid ester compounds (d) include alkyl thiophosphites such as trilauryl trithiophosphite and aromatic thiophosphates such as triphenyl phosphorothioate.
  • alkyl thiophosphites such as trilauryl trithiophosphite
  • aromatic thiophosphates such as triphenyl phosphorothioate.
  • the grease composition of the present invention can also contain any of the following components.
  • a grease composition of the present invention contains a fatty acid or a metal salt thereof (e) as well as the amine compound (f), even better wear resistance and flaking resistance can be obtained.
  • the grease composition of the present invention can contain a fatty acid or a metal salt thereof (e).
  • a fatty acid or a metal salt thereof (e) used in the present invention as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
  • a fatty acid or metal salt thereof used in the present invention is preferably a saturated or an unsaturated fatty acid having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a metal salt thereof.
  • fatty acids include butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pendadecyl acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, crotonic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, pinolenic acid, eleostearic acid, stearidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more.
  • unsaturated fatty acids are more easily adsorbed on a metal surface than saturated fatty acids, they are preferred from the standpoint of obtaining a grease composition with excellent wear resistance and flaking resistance.
  • the carbon number a larger number of carbon atoms is more preferable.
  • Oleic acid is an example of such a fatty acid.
  • metal element used to form a salt with these fatty acids there are no particular restrictions on the metal element used to form a salt with these fatty acids as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • metal elements include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium; beryllium; magnesium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium, strontium and barium; aluminum; and zinc. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more.
  • calcium and aluminum salts are preferred from the standpoint of obtaining a grease composition with excellent wear resistance and flaking resistance.
  • the grease composition of the present invention contains an amine compound (f).
  • the amine compound (f) used in the present invention is an amine compound represented by Formula 2 below.
  • Formula 2 When a grease composition of the present invention contains such an amine compound, even better wear resistance and flaking resistance can be obtained.
  • R 4 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 18 carbon atoms
  • R 5 represents a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • amine compounds (f) include N-coconut alkyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-beef tallow alkyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-hardened beef tallow alkyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, N-coconut alkyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-beef tallow alkyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-hardened beef tallow alkyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-coconut alkyl-1,3-propylenediamine, N-beef tallow alkyl-1,3-propylenediamine, N-hardened beef tallow alkyl-1,3-propylenediamine, N-coconut alkyl-1,4-butylenediamine, N-beef tallow alkyl-1,4-butylenediamine, and N-hardened beef tallow alkyl-1,4-butylenediamine. These can be used alone or in
  • the grease composition of the present invention can include a thickener other than a urea compound (other thickener) in addition to the (urea) thickeners mentioned above.
  • other thickeners include tricalcium phosphate, alkali metal soaps, alkali metal composite soaps, alkaline earth metal soaps, alkaline earth metal composite soaps, alkali metal sulfonates, alkaline earth metal sulfonates, other metal soaps, terephthalamate metal salts, monourea, polyureas other than triurea monourethane, diurea or tetraurea, clays, silicas (silicon oxide) such as silica airgel, and fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • any substance that can impart a viscous effect to a liquid substance can be used.
  • the fatty acid or metal salt thereof (e) can double as a thickener.
  • the amount used can differ from the amount of fatty acid or metal salt thereof (e) mentioned above.
  • the grease composition of the present invention can include additives such as antioxidants, rust inhibitors, oiliness agents, extreme pressure agents, antiwear agents, solid lubricants, metal deactivators, polymers, non-metal detergents, colorants, and water repellents as long as they do not impair the present invention. These can be used alone or in combinations of two or more.
  • antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylparacresol, p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine, N-phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine, and phenothiazine.
  • rust inhibitors include paraffin oxides, carboxylic acid metal salts, sulfonic acid metal salts, carboxylic acid esters, sulfonic acid esters, salicylates, succinates, sorbitan esters, and various amine salts.
  • oiliness agents, extreme pressure agents and antiwear agents include zinc sulfide dialkyl dithiophosphates, zinc sulfide diallyl dithiophosphates, zinc sulfide dialkyl dithiocarbamates, zinc sulfurized diallyl dithiocarbamates, molybdenum sulfide dialkyl dithiophosphates, molybdenum sulfide diallyl dithiophosphates, molybdenum sulfide dialkyl dithiocarbamates, molybdenum sulfide diallyl dithiocarbamates, organic molybdenum complexes, olefin sulfides, triphenyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphorothionate, tricresin phosphite, other phosphates, and sulfurized oils and fats.
  • solid lubricants include molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, melamine cyanurate, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), tungsten disulfide, and fluorinated graphite.
  • metal deactivator include N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, and thiadiazole.
  • polymers include polybutene, polyisobutene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, and polymethacrylate.
  • An example of a non-metallic detergent is succinimide.
  • a grease composition of the present invention can be produced by weighing each raw material and mixing them together using any well-known method.
  • the amounts of optional components added the amounts mentioned above can be used if necessary.
  • the amount of base oil (a) used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is preferably 70 to 98% by mass, more preferably 75 to 97% by mass, and even more preferably 80 to 95% by mass.
  • the amount of diurea compound (b) in the present invention used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is preferably 1 to 25% by mass, more preferably 3 to 20% by mass, and even more preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
  • the total amount of diurea compound (b) and thickener other than the diurea compound (b) used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is preferably 2 to 50% by mass, more preferably 4 to 40% by mass, and even more preferably 6 to 30% by mass.
  • the grease composition has the right hardness for a grease, does not flow away from the lubrication sites, has excellent intervening properties on lubricated interfaces, and achieves the desired lubrication performance.
  • the amount of amide compound (c) in the present invention used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass, and even more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass.
  • the amount of thiophosphorous acid compound or thiophosphoric acid ester compound (d) in the present invention used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass, and even more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass.
  • the amount of fatty acid or metal salt thereof (e) in the present invention used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass, and even more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass.
  • the amount of amine compound (f) in the present invention used per 100% by mass overall grease composition is 0.1 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.2 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass.
  • the amount of any additional additive used per 100 parts by mass of overall grease composition is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass.
  • the grease composition of the present invention has a consistency in a range from no. 2 to no. 0 (265 to 385), preferably from no. 4 to no. 00 (175 to 430), more preferably from no. 3 to no. 0 (220 to 385), and even more preferably from no. 2 to no. 1 (265 to 340). Consistency indicates the physical hardness of a grease.
  • the method used to measure consistency here is in accordance with the "grease consistency testing method" in JIS K2220 7.
  • Dropping Point is not relevant to the performance of a grease composition of the present invention, but is preferably 180°C or higher as an indicator that a urea grease thickener structure has reached the original binding. As the temperature rises, the dropping point is the temperature at which a viscous grease loses its thickener structure.
  • the method used to measure dropping point is the "grease dropping point testing method" in JIS K2220 8.
  • the grease composition of the present invention can naturally be used in machinery, bearings, gears, and ball screws where excellent performance can be exhibited as grease lubrication even in harsh environments. It is suitable for lubricating various automotive components, including components surrounding an engine such as water pumps, cooling fan motors, starters, alternators and actuators, as well as propeller shafts, constant velocity joints (CVJ), powertrain components such as wheel bearings and clutches, electric power steering (EPS) components, electric power window components, braking devices, ball joints, door hinges, handle components, and brake expanders.
  • various automotive components including components surrounding an engine such as water pumps, cooling fan motors, starters, alternators and actuators, as well as propeller shafts, constant velocity joints (CVJ), powertrain components such as wheel bearings and clutches, electric power steering (EPS) components, electric power window components, braking devices, ball joints, door hinges, handle components, and brake expanders.
  • CVJ constant velocity joints
  • EPS electric power steering
  • braking devices ball joints, door hinges, handle components
  • a grease composition of the present invention is preferably used on shafts and fittings that slide back and forth in construction machinery such as power shovels, bulldozers and mobile cranes, in the steel industry, in the paper industry, in forestry machinery, in agricultural machines, in chemical plant, in power generating equipment, and in train cars. Other applications include screw joints for seamless pipes and outboard motor bearings.
  • a grease composition of the present invention is especially suitable for these applications.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram showing an overview of a flaking resistance tester. The following parts are marked as indicated below:
  • Grease compositions were prepared in the same manner as Example 1 except that the raw materials blended together were those shown in Tables 1 to 4.
  • Diurea Compound B was prepared by changing the raw materials in Diurea Compound A to those listed above.
  • the dropping point of the grease compositions in the examples and comparative examples was measured in accordance with the "grease dropping point testing method" in JIS K2220 8. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overview of a bearing flaking and wear tester.
  • the weight of a clean test rolling bearing (no. 7205 angular contact ball bearing) was measured in advance, and 3 g of grease composition was applied to the bearing and loaded in the bearing flaking and wear tester.
  • the nut for the swing shaft was then secured with tightening torque of 600 kg ⁇ m, and a thrust load was applied to the shaft by the tightening torque.
  • a hydraulic piston was used to apply a radial load of 1.0 ton per bearing.
  • the motor was started and the swing shaft was reciprocated at 1.7 Hz. After performing the swinging operation for 20 hours, the bearing was removed from the device and washed with a solvent such as n-hexane to thoroughly remove the grease composition. The weight of the clean bearing after the test was measured, and the weight difference relative to the weight of the bearing before the test was calculated to obtain the amount of bearing wear. The amount of bearing wear after the test and area of the sliding surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring experiencing flaking were measured to evaluate whether the grease composition passed or failed. The pass/fail decision was based on the area in which flaking occurred. When the area was less than 50 mm 2 , the grease composition passed. When the area was greater, the grease composition failed. The area experiencing flaking was determined by observing and specifying the portions in which flaking occurred under a digital microscope (VHX-6000 from Keyence), and then the area was measured.
  • VHX-6000 digital microscope
  • the worked penetration, dropping point, and bearing flaking and wear tests were conducted in accordance with the methods described above.
  • the properties of each grease are shown in Tables 1 to 4.
  • the grease compositions in the examples had a consistency from no. 0 to no. 2, and the grease compositions of the comparative examples had a consistency from no. 2 to no. 2.5.
  • the dropping points of the grease compositions in both the examples and the comparative examples at 240°C or higher were comparable to those of urea greases.
  • the results of the bearing flaking and wear test were the most important for the present invention, and all of the grease compositions of the present invention passed with an amount of bearing wear of less than 150 mg and a total flaking area of less than 50 mm 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Fettzusammensetzung, umfassend ein Grundöl (a), eine Diharnstoffverbindung (b), eine Amidverbindung (c) und eine Thiophosphorverbindung oder eine Thiophosphorsäureesterverbindung (d), wobei die Diharnstoffverbindung (b) eine Verbindung, die durch Formel (1) dargestellt wird, einschließt

            R1-NHCONH-R2-NHCONH-R3     (1)

    wobei R1 und R3 eine acyclische aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 8 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, darstellt und R2 eine Diphenylmethangruppe darstellt und
    ferner umfassend eine Aminverbindung (f), die durch Formel (2) dargestellt wird

            R4-NH-R5-NH2     (2)

    wobei R4 eine gesättigte oder eine ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 5 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, darstellt und R5 eine gesättigte oder eine ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 2 bis 3 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, darstellt, wobei die Menge an Aminverbindung (f), die pro 100 Massen-% der Gesamtfettzusammensetzung verwendet wird, 0,1 bis 10 Massen-% beträgt.
  2. Fettzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Diharnstoffverbindung (b) eine Diharnstoffverbindung (b) einschließt, in der R1 und R3 in Formel 1 entweder eine acyclische aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 8 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, oder eine acyclische aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 14 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, sind.
  3. Fettzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner umfassend eine gesättigte oder eine ungesättigte Fettsäure, die von 4 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, oder ein Metallsalz davon (e).
  4. Fettzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Amidverbindung (c) eine Amidverbindung (c), die durch Formel (3) oder Formel (4) dargestellt wird, einschließt

            R6-CO-NH2     (3)

            R6-CO-NH-R7-NH-CO-R6     (4)

    wobei R6 eine gesättigte oder eine ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 15 bis 17 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, darstellt und R7 eine Methylengruppe oder eine Ethylengruppe darstellt.
  5. Fettzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Thiophosphorverbindung eine Thiophosphorverbindung, die durch Formel (5) dargestellt wird, einschließt und die Thiophosphorsäureesterverbindung eine Thiophosphorsäureesterverbindung, die durch Formel (6) dargestellt wird, einschließt

            (R8S)3P     (5)

            (R9O)3PS     (6)

    wobei R8 eine gesättigte oder eine ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, oder eine Arylgruppe, die von 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, darstellt und wobei R9 eine gesättigte oder eine ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe, die von 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, oder eine Arylgruppe, die von 6 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, darstellt.
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US8772210B2 (en) * 2008-03-31 2014-07-08 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company High viscosity index PAO with polyurea thickeners in grease compositions
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JP2024051125A (ja) 2024-04-10
CN114945654A (zh) 2022-08-26
JP2024051124A (ja) 2024-04-10
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JP2021113250A (ja) 2021-08-05
WO2021144384A1 (en) 2021-07-22

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