EP3799961A2 - Shaft shredder - Google Patents
Shaft shredder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3799961A2 EP3799961A2 EP20202224.0A EP20202224A EP3799961A2 EP 3799961 A2 EP3799961 A2 EP 3799961A2 EP 20202224 A EP20202224 A EP 20202224A EP 3799961 A2 EP3799961 A2 EP 3799961A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shredding
- shaft
- shafts
- shredder
- shaft shredder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
- B02C18/2291—Feed chute arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/24—Drives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/26—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with knives which both reciprocate and rotate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C2018/147—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers of the plural stage type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a shaft grinder, in particular a twin-shaft grinder, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Corresponding wave shredders are, for example, from EP 3 248 687 A1 known.
- the known shaft shredder is a twin-shaft shredder and has shredding shafts with shredding tools located on them, surrounding the shaft in the circumferential direction and spaced apart in the axial direction.
- the two shafts are arranged with axes of rotation running parallel to one another in such a way that they mesh with one another in that the crushing tools of one shaft dip into the spaces between the crushing tools of the other shaft.
- the known shaft shredder has a shredding unit which defines a shredding area in which the shredding shafts can grasp the supplied material to be shredded. This is spatially differentiated from a so-called material feed area, which, when the shafts are arranged horizontally, usually adjoins the shredding unit in relation to the direction of gravity, namely above, the shredding area of the shredding unit.
- a material feed area usually has a number of side walls - often converging in a funnel shape.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a wave crusher of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the disadvantages outlined are avoided or at least reduced.
- a shaft shredder has a machine frame and a shredding unit.
- the latter comprises at least one shredding shaft mounted in it and driven by a drive.
- a material feed area is formed adjacent to the shredding unit and comprises a plurality of side walls. This material feed area is to be understood in particular to mean that it lies outside the coverage area of the shredding unit or the shredding shaft.
- the comminution area can be arranged above or above the at least one comminution shaft in relation to the direction of gravity.
- a side wall within the meaning of the invention can initially be any component that is suitable for laterally delimiting the material feed area. First of all, it doesn't matter whether such a side wall is arranged vertically or runs approximately obliquely to the horizontal.
- a component which is commonly referred to as a tilting hopper can also be a side wall within the meaning of the invention, provided that this tilting hopper delimits the material feed area.
- At least one side wall which is arranged at the end face in relation to the axial direction of the shredding shaft, can be brought into a maintenance position, in particular foldable or displaceable.
- Front side walls are those walls which are not arranged parallel to the longitudinal sides of a shredding shaft, but transversely to the longitudinal extent of the shredding shaft, in particular in the area of its end sections, and in particular essentially above the shredding shaft.
- the coupling areas including those areas in which the shredding shaft is coupled to a coupling section on the machine side, are exposed.
- the bearing and / or coupling areas of the at least one shredding shaft are accessible.
- the at least one shredding shaft can be dismantled from the shredding housing in a predominantly vertical direction by means of a releasable, form-fitting coupling, in particular a screwable flange coupling, at each end of the shredding shaft and the bearings of the shafts remain on or in the shredding housing.
- a releasable, form-fitting coupling in particular a screwable flange coupling
- a wall of the material feed area is designed as a tilting funnel that at least partially covers the drive of the shredding shaft (at least in the position of use).
- a wall in particular the one designed as a tilting funnel, can be moved, in particular displaced, in particular at least substantially horizontally, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling is released for maintenance purposes.
- one of the side walls of the material feed area can be moved, in particular pivoted or essentially shifted horizontally, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling is released for maintenance purposes. All of these measures ensure that no existing side walls have to be removed in order to carry out maintenance work or to remove a shredding shaft.
- At least one re-shredding tool in particular a breaker bar or screen basket, can be arranged below or below the at least one shredding shaft, in particular in relation to the direction of gravity.
- the re-shredding tool can preferably be raised or lowered essentially in the vertical direction, in particular in relation to the direction of gravity. Raising or lowering has the advantage, on the one hand, that mechanical adjustments can be made to the material to be shredded if necessary. On the other hand, it is possible to move the re-shredding tool away from the shredding shafts for maintenance purposes.
- the re-shredding tool can be moved out of the shaft shredder after it has been lowered.
- the re-shredding tool can be moved out of the machine frame approximately laterally in the manner of a drawer.
- the device can also be designed in such a way that it provides this on the end face of the wave crusher.
- the shaft shredder preferably has inspection flaps which are located below or below the shredding shafts and make the subsequent shredding tool accessible.
- the shaft shredder according to the invention is preferably a twin-shaft shredder which comprises two shredding shafts which, lying next to one another, are arranged in particular with axes of rotation arranged parallel to one another.
- adjacent does not necessarily mean a horizontal alignment and a parallel alignment of the two shredding shafts.
- Side by side only means that the two shredding shafts are arranged in spatial proximity.
- a V-shaped configuration of the two shredding shafts can be understood as well as an arrangement in which the two shafts, viewed in the direction of gravity, are arranged vertically offset from one another in the manner of a step. In this sense, all relative configurations of both shredding shafts are to be understood as lying next to one another.
- a shaft shredder is provided with a machine frame and a shredding unit, which comprises two shredding shafts which are arranged side by side, the shredding shafts being driven by at least one drive and adjacent to the shredding unit, a material feed area is formed which has a plurality comprised of side walls, wherein the wave crusher, in particular in the following is designed as described above, comprises at least one, in particular driven, pressing device.
- the pusher device comprises, for example, an elongated, in particular cylindrical, pusher element, the longitudinal axis of which preferably runs parallel to the axes of rotation of the shredding shafts.
- the pusher device can have a plurality of pusher elements arranged along the shredding shafts, it being possible for these to comprise, for example, spherical pusher elements instead of an elongate pusher element.
- the pressing device can be brought, in particular pivoted, from a use state in the area of the shredding shafts, in particular in the area between and / or above the shredding shafts, into a non-use state.
- the state of use is that state in which the pressing device is actively involved in the shredding process. This can be done, for example, in such a way that it only presses with gravity on the material to be shredded.
- the pressing device is driven, ie actively in addition to Gravity pushes material against the shredding shafts. This can take place alternately, so that a to-and-fro movement of the pusher device towards and away from the shafts is carried out.
- the non-use state of the pusher device denotes the state in which, for example, new material reaches the material feed area and the pusher device is not actuated.
- the pressing device is attached to one of the side walls, in particular pivotably.
- One of these side walls is preferably a side wall provided on a longitudinal side of a shredding shaft.
- the pressing device can be pivoted from the non-use position into the use position or moved into the use position, for example by means of a drive, in particular by means of one or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders.
- the pusher device is preferably attached to a pivot lever which is pivotably mounted on the corresponding side wall at the end opposite the pusher element.
- the pivot lever is preferably mounted in the side wall in such a way that no opening is created in the side wall in any pivoted state of the pivot lever.
- a circular disk or at least one circular disk segment is rotatably mounted in the side wall with an axis of rotation parallel to the side wall, the pivot lever being attached to this circular disk segment or this circular disk.
- the one through a warehouse opening The surface extending through the side wall, in particular the circumferential surface, of the circular disk or the circular disk segment closes the bearing opening in every pivoting state.
- a shaft shredder is provided with a machine frame and a shredding unit which comprises at least two shredding shafts mounted therein and driven by a drive, a material feed area being formed adjacent to the shredding unit.
- This twin-shaft shredder can be designed as described above.
- the shaft shredder comprises a shaft coupling device which is set up in such a way that it switches from a synchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts are moved in a defined speed ratio with an opposite direction of rotation, and an asynchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts are moved in any direction of rotation and without a defined speed ratio , is switchable. In this way, the shaft shredder can be adapted to the requirements of the shredding process.
- the shaft coupling device has a displaceable or pivotable pinion in order to effect the switchover from the synchronous mode to the asynchronous mode.
- a pinion can be easily moved by any drive or by hand from a synchronous position in which both shafts are coupled to each other, move to an asynchronous position.
- the drive unit for the shredding shafts can preferably be diesel-hydraulic or electro-hydraulic.
- the shaft shredder according to the invention has a gear unit which is coupled or can be coupled to the shredding shafts and is arranged on the drive side or on the side of the shredding shafts opposite the drive side, in particular comprising the shaft coupling device.
- Gear units are to be understood in such a way that they include any type of coupling of a shaft with the drive.
- Each shredding shaft preferably has a separate gear.
- an electrical controller for controlling and monitoring the mechanical, electrical and hydraulic processes and parameters of the machine can be provided in the shaft shredder according to the invention.
- the side walls which are provided on the longitudinal sides of the shredding shaft, are preferably designed so that they can be brought close to the outer edge of the housing of the shredding unit. This provides direct access to the shredding tools on the shredding shafts and the counter combs.
- the counter combs are preferably attached below the longitudinal side walls in the shredding unit.
- Figure 1 shows a mobile shaft shredder 1 in the loading position.
- the material feed area which is arranged above the shredding unit 2 and which is formed by the side walls 4-7, can be seen.
- the inspection flaps 12, 13 are arranged below the side wall 5 and below the shredding unit 2 comprising the shredding shafts 8, 9 (not visible here).
- the side walls 4, 5, 6 are designed so that they can be folded outwards for maintenance purposes P1, P2, P3.
- the pressing device 3 On the side wall 5 is the pressing device 3, which will be discussed in more detail below.
- the material to be shredded is placed in the material feed area, shredded by the shredding unit 2 and collected below it.
- the shredded material is transported from there to the conveyor belt shown on the right-hand side and removed by it.
- FIG. 2 shows the wave crusher 1 in preparation for maintenance.
- the side walls 4, 5, 6 are outward folded down and reveal the two shredding shafts 8, 9.
- the side wall 7, which can be designed as a material chute or tilting funnel, can be displaced in direction X by the shredding unit 2 over the machine housing.
- Figure 3 shows the crushing unit 2 of FIG Figure 2 .
- the shredding shafts 8, 9, which are arranged here with the longitudinal axes, for example, parallel to one another, are visible.
- the area for the comminution is limited by shields 10, 11.
- the shield 10 is intended to prevent the material to be comminuted from reaching the area of the couplings located towards the shaft coupling device 14.
- the shield 11 is also intended to prevent the material to be comminuted from reaching the flange area facing the drive. This area is in Figure 4 shown.
- the shredding shafts 8, 9 are arranged with couplings 15, 16, in particular flange couplings, on the drive (not shown).
- the flange couplings 15, 16 are shielded from the comminution area 2 of the comminution shafts 8, 9 by the shield 11 in such a way that no comminution material can reach the flange couplings 15, 16.
- FIG. 5 shows the corresponding couplings 17, 18, in particular flange couplings, on the side of the shaft coupling device 14 where the shield 10 prevents the material to be comminuted from penetrating into the area of the flange couplings 17, 18.
- the flange couplings 15, 16, 17, 18 can be loosened to remove the shredding shafts 8, 9 and then these can be removed immediately after loosening the screw connection in a radial direction, in particular vertically, relative to the axis of rotation.
- the removal of the shredding shafts 8, 9 can thus be accelerated without first having to dismantle part of the drive or the bearing of the shredding shafts 8, 9.
- Figure 6 shows part of the shredding unit 2 with the inspection flaps 12, 13 open.
- the re-shredding tool 19 in this exemplary embodiment is a breaker bar; however, another re-shredding tool can also be present, such as a strainer basket.
- the pull-out 20 with the re-shredding tool 19 is constructed in such a way that it can be easily lifted out of the guides.
- the in Figure 7 Maintenance rack 21 shown are set. Two pairs of shelves 22, 23 are arranged on the maintenance rack.
- the shredding shafts 8, 9 can be raised.
- the maintenance frame 21 can be pushed into the shaft shredder 1 and positioned with the shelves 22, 23 under the shredding shafts 8, 9. Then will the maintenance frame 21 is raised and the shredding shafts rest on the shelves 22, 23 and are raised with the maintenance frame 21.
- the shredding shafts 8, 9 are placed on the maintenance frame 21 above the coupling position.
- the end of the shredding shaft 9 with the flange coupling 16 lies on a shelf 22, as is also the case with the shredding shaft 8 with the flange coupling 15 on the shelves 23 (not shown). In the raised position, the shredding shafts 8, 9 are easily accessible.
- the maintenance of the shredding unit 2 can be simplified and at the same time shortened, which reduces the maintenance costs.
- Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a further inventive detail of the wave crusher 1, a pressing device 3.
- the pressing device 3 is arranged on one of the side walls, in the example shown here on the side wall 5.
- the side wall 5 is shown in the maintenance position, it is folded outwards, whereby the inside of the side wall 5 faces outwards and the shredding shaft 8 is more accessible.
- the pressing device 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the side wall 5.
- the active part of the pressing device 3 is an elongated, cylindrical body, the cylinder axis of which is aligned parallel or at least approximately parallel to the axes of the shredding shafts 8, 9 is.
- another form of the pressing device can also be provided.
- the active part of the pusher device 3 is fastened to a pusher lever 3a.
- the pusher lever 3a is in turn arranged pivotably on the side wall 5 via a pivoting element 3b.
- the pusher device 3 In the state of use, in which the side walls 4, 5, 6, 7, as in Figure 1 shown, folded up, on the one hand the pusher device 3 can be swiveled up to enable loading, or on the other hand the active part of the pusher device 3 can be placed by the pivoting element 3b in a position above and between the shredding shafts 8, 9, so as to To push the material to be shredded to the shredding shafts 8, 9.
- the pusher lever 3a can be moved back and forth, which leads to a replenishing effect of the pusher device 3.
- This tamping movement of the push-up lever 3a is preferably hydraulically driven because such drives are robust and can transmit high forces.
- the pivoting element 3b is designed here in the form of a circular disk or circular segment disk.
- the area of the pivoting element 3b is that which extends from the side wall 5 protrudes into the material feed area, both on the end faces and on the cylinder surface, so that no material to be comminuted can impair the function of the pivoting element 3b.
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Abstract
Ein Wellenzerkleinerer (1) weist einen Maschinenrahmen und eine Zerkleinerungseinheit (2) auf. Die Zerkleinerungseinheit (2) umfasst mindestens eine darin gelagerte, über einen Antrieb angetriebene Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9). Benachbart zur Zerkleinerungseinheit (2) ist ein Materialaufgabebereich ausgebildet, welcher eine Mehrzahl von Seitenwänden (4, 5, 6, 7) umfasst. Wenigstens eine der Seitenwände (4, 5, 6, 7), insbesondere wenigstens eine bezogen auf die Axialrichtung der Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9) stirnseitig angeordnete Seitenwand (4, 7), ist aus einer Gebrauchsstellung in eine Wartungsstellung bringbar, insbesondere klappbar oder verschiebbar, ausgebildet.A shaft shredder (1) has a machine frame and a shredding unit (2). The shredding unit (2) comprises at least one shredding shaft (8, 9) mounted in it and driven by a drive. A material feed area is formed adjacent to the shredding unit (2) and comprises a plurality of side walls (4, 5, 6, 7). At least one of the side walls (4, 5, 6, 7), in particular at least one side wall (4, 7) arranged at the front in relation to the axial direction of the shredding shaft (8, 9), can be brought from a position of use into a maintenance position, in particular it can be folded or moved , educated.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wellenzerkleinerer, insbesondere Zweiwellenzerkleinerer, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a shaft grinder, in particular a twin-shaft grinder, according to the preamble of
Entsprechende Wellenzerkleinerer sind beispielsweise aus
Der bekannte Wellenzerkleinerer weist eine Zerkleinerungseinheit auf, welche einen Zerkleinerungsbereich definiert, in welchem die Zerkleinerungswellen das zugeführte, zu zerkleinernde Material erfassen können. Davon räumlich zu unterscheiden ist ein sogenannter Materialaufgabebereich, welcher bei horizontal liegender Anordnung der Wellen sich in der Regel bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung benachbart, nämlich oberhalb, des Zerkleinerungsbereichs der Zerkleinerungseinheit an diese anschließt. Üblicherweise weist ein solcher Materialaufgabebereich eine Reihe von - oftmals trichterförmig zusammenlaufenden - Seitenwänden auf.The known shaft shredder has a shredding unit which defines a shredding area in which the shredding shafts can grasp the supplied material to be shredded. This is spatially differentiated from a so-called material feed area, which, when the shafts are arranged horizontally, usually adjoins the shredding unit in relation to the direction of gravity, namely above, the shredding area of the shredding unit. Such a material feed area usually has a number of side walls - often converging in a funnel shape.
Bei gattungsgemäßen Wellenzerkleinerern besteht häufig das Problem, dass sich Gegenstände beispielsweise in den Zerkleinerungswellen verfangen oder die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge verschlissen werden. In solchen Fällen muss eine Wartung durchgeführt werden, wobei bei dem bekannten Wellenzerkleinerer dazu vorgeschlagen wird, dass an den Längsseiten der Zerkleinerungswellen im Zerkleinerungsbereich unterhalb des Materialaufgabebereichs Revisionsklappen vorgesehen sind. Diese können bei Stillstand der Maschine geöffnet werden und so den Zugang zum Zerkleinerungsbereich ermöglichen.In the case of shaft shredders of the generic type, there is often the problem that objects get caught in the shredding shafts, for example, or the shredding tools are worn out. In such cases, maintenance must be carried out, with the known shaft shredder being proposed that inspection flaps be provided on the longitudinal sides of the shredding shafts in the shredding area below the material feed area. These can be opened when the machine is at a standstill and thus enable access to the shredding area.
Gelegentlich kommt es vor, dass eine entsprechende Zerkleinerungswelle ausgebaut werden muss. Im gattungsgemäßen Dokument wird dazu vorgeschlagen, die Wellen über eine Axialkupplung mit dem Maschinenrahmen zu koppeln. Zum Ausbau lassen sich die Wellen axial verschieben, wodurch die Axialkupplungen der Zerkleinerungswellen von ihrem Antrieb entkoppelt werden. Weiter lässt sich dann eine Stirnwand mit darin gelagerten Wellen als Zweiwellenbaugruppe entnehmen.Occasionally it happens that a corresponding shredding shaft has to be removed. In the generic document it is proposed to couple the shafts to the machine frame via an axial coupling. For expansion, the shafts can be moved axially, so that the axial couplings of the shredding shafts are decoupled from their drive. Furthermore, an end wall with shafts mounted in it can then be removed as a two-shaft assembly.
Diese Vorgehensweise ist nachteilig, weil die Zerkleinerungswellen erst axial verschoben und sodann ausgebaut werden können. Dabei muss auch der Zerkleinerungsbereich mit den umliegenden Wandungen zumindest teilweise zerlegt werden. Dies ist mit hohem Montage- bzw. Demontageaufwand verbunden.This procedure is disadvantageous because the shredding shafts can only be axially displaced and then removed. The comminution area with the surrounding walls must also be at least partially dismantled. This is associated with high assembly and disassembly effort.
Des Weiteren hat man insbesondere bei Wellenzerkleinerern mit zwei Wellen oftmals das Problem, dass bestimmte zu zerkleinernde Gegenstände zu leicht sind, um von den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen der Wellen ordnungsgemäß erfasst zu werden. Diese Gegenstände "tanzen" dann auf den sich drehenden Wellen herum, ohne von diesen erfasst und zerkleinert zu werden. Bei stationären Wellenzerkleinerern mit lediglich einer Welle werden hierzu Nachdrückeinrichtungen eingesetzt, mit deren Hilfe die leichten Gegenstände in den Wirkbereich der Zerkleinerungswelle hineingedrückt werden. Üblicherweise werden diese Nachdrückeinrichtungen in Form einer Schwinge an den Stirnwänden des Wellenzerkleinerers im Materialaufgabebereich installiert. Diese Installation wäre allerdings bei Wellenzerkleinerern mit zwei Zerkleinerungswellen mit einer erheblichen räumlichen Beschränkung des Materialaufgabebereiches und damit des Verarbeitungsvermögens des Wellenzerkleinerers verbunden, sodass die Installation einer Nachdrückeinrichtung insbesondere bei mobilen Wellenzerkleinerern mit zwei Zerkleinerungswellen schon aus diesem Grunde ausscheidet.Furthermore, especially with shaft shredders with two shafts, there is often the problem that certain Objects are too light to be properly gripped by the shaft's shredding tools. These objects then "dance" around on the rotating shafts without being caught and crushed by them. In the case of stationary shaft shredders with only one shaft, pushing devices are used for this purpose, with the aid of which the light objects are pushed into the effective area of the shredding shaft. Usually, these pressing devices are installed in the form of a rocker on the end walls of the shaft shredder in the material feed area. However, in the case of shaft shredders with two shredding shafts, this installation would result in a considerable spatial restriction of the material feed area and thus the processing capacity of the shaft shredder, so that the installation of a pushing device is ruled out for this reason, especially in mobile shaft shredders with two shredding shafts.
Schließlich gibt es je nach Anwendungsfall Wellenzerkleinerer mit zwei Zerkleinerungswellen, die asynchron arbeiten, d.h. es gibt kein definiertes Verhältnis der Drehzahlen der Zerkleinerungswellen und deren Drehrichtung zueinander. Andererseits gibt es Anwendungsfälle, bei denen ein synchroner Betrieb der Zerkleinerungswellen vorteilhaft ist. Bislang sind für beide Anwendungsfälle getrennte Wellenzerkleinerer erforderlich.Finally, depending on the application, there are shaft shredders with two shredding shafts that work asynchronously, i.e. there is no defined ratio of the speeds of the shredding shafts and their direction of rotation to one another. On the other hand, there are applications in which a synchronous operation of the shredding shafts is advantageous. So far, separate shaft grinders have been required for both applications.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wellenzerkleinerer der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die geschilderten Nachteile vermieden oder jedenfalls reduziert werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a wave crusher of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which the disadvantages outlined are avoided or at least reduced.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe insbesondere durch einen Wellenzerkleinerer mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 und 11. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved in particular by a shaft grinder with the features of
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Wellenzerkleinerer weist einen Maschinenrahmen und eine Zerkleinerungseinheit auf. Letztere umfasst mindestens eine darin gelagerte, über einen Antrieb angetriebene Zerkleinerungswelle. Benachbart zur Zerkleinerungseinheit ist ein Materialaufgabebereich ausgebildet, welcher eine Mehrzahl von Seitenwänden umfasst. Dieser Materialaufgabebereich ist insbesondere so zu verstehen, dass er außerhalb des Erfassungsbereichs der Zerkleinerungseinheit bzw. der Zerkleinerungswelle liegt. Insbesondere kann der Zerkleinerungsbereich bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung oberhalb bzw. über der wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungswelle angeordnet sein.A shaft shredder according to the invention has a machine frame and a shredding unit. The latter comprises at least one shredding shaft mounted in it and driven by a drive. A material feed area is formed adjacent to the shredding unit and comprises a plurality of side walls. This material feed area is to be understood in particular to mean that it lies outside the coverage area of the shredding unit or the shredding shaft. In particular, the comminution area can be arranged above or above the at least one comminution shaft in relation to the direction of gravity.
Erfindungsgemäß ist nun vorgesehen, dass wenigstens eine der Seitenwände aus einer Gebrauchsstellung in eine Wartungsstellung bringbar, insbesondere klappbar oder verschiebbar, ausgebildet ist. Bevorzugt gilt dies für eine Mehrzahl der Seitenwände, insbesondere können alle Seitenwände so ausgebildet sein. Eine Seitenwand im Sinne der Erfindung kann zunächst einmal jedes Bauteil sein, welches dazu geeignet ist, den Materialaufgabebereich seitlich zu begrenzen. Dabei spielt es zunächst einmal keine Rolle, ob eine solche Seitenwand vertikal angeordnet ist oder etwa schräg zur Horizontalen verläuft. Insbesondere kann auch ein Bauteil, welches gemeinhin als Kipptrichter bezeichnet wird, eine Seitenwand im Sinne der Erfindung sein, soweit dieser Kipptrichter den Materialaufgabebereich begrenzt.According to the invention, it is now provided that at least one of the side walls can be brought from a position of use into a maintenance position, in particular is designed to be foldable or displaceable. This preferably applies to a plurality of the side walls, in particular all of the side walls can be designed in this way. A side wall within the meaning of the invention can initially be any component that is suitable for laterally delimiting the material feed area. First of all, it doesn't matter whether such a side wall is arranged vertically or runs approximately obliquely to the horizontal. In particular, a component which is commonly referred to as a tilting hopper can also be a side wall within the meaning of the invention, provided that this tilting hopper delimits the material feed area.
Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass zumindest eine bezogen auf die Axialrichtung der Zerkleinerungswelle stirnseitig angeordnete Seitenwand in eine Wartungsstellung bringbar, insbesondere klappbar oder verschiebbar, ausgebildet ist. Stirnseitige Seitenwände sind diejenigen Wände, welche nicht parallel zu den Längsseiten einer Zerkleinerungswelle, sondern quer zur Längserstreckung der Zerkleinerungswelle, insbesondere im Bereich ihrer Endabschnitte, und insbesondere im Wesentlichen oberhalb der Zerkleinerungswelle angeordnet sind.It is preferably provided that at least one side wall, which is arranged at the end face in relation to the axial direction of the shredding shaft, can be brought into a maintenance position, in particular foldable or displaceable. Front side walls are those walls which are not arranged parallel to the longitudinal sides of a shredding shaft, but transversely to the longitudinal extent of the shredding shaft, in particular in the area of its end sections, and in particular essentially above the shredding shaft.
Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass die Kupplungsbereiche, darunter sind diejenigen Bereiche zu verstehen, in denen die Zerkleinerungswelle mit einem maschinenseitigen Kupplungsabschnitt gekuppelt ist, freiliegen. In der Wartungsstellung sind so Lager-und/oder Kupplungsbereiche der wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungswelle zugänglich. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Zerkleinerungswelle in der Wartungsstellung aus dem Maschinenrahmen auszubauen und bevorzugt nach oben, d.h. insbesondere senkrecht zur Schwerkraftrichtung, aus dem Zerkleinerungsbereich auszuheben, ohne Teile des Zerkleinerungsbereiches aufwendig zerlegen oder Wände teilweise oder komplett ausbauen zu müssen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es hierbei, wenn die wenigstens eine Zerkleinerungswelle durch eine lösbare, formschlüssige Kupplung, insbesondere eine schraubbare Flanschkupplung, an jedem Ende der Zerkleinerungswelle in vorwiegend senkrechter Richtung aus dem Zerkleinerungsgehäuse demontiert werden kann und die Lagerungen der Wellen am oder im Zerkleinerungsgehäuse verbleiben. Natürlich sind auch andere Kupplungsformen denkbar.In this way it is achieved that the coupling areas, including those areas in which the shredding shaft is coupled to a coupling section on the machine side, are exposed. In the maintenance position, the bearing and / or coupling areas of the at least one shredding shaft are accessible. In this way, it is possible to remove the shredding shaft from the machine frame in the maintenance position and preferably upwards, i.e. in particular perpendicular to the direction of gravity, to lift it out of the shredding area without having to laboriously dismantle parts of the shredding area or partially or completely dismantle walls. It is particularly advantageous here if the at least one shredding shaft can be dismantled from the shredding housing in a predominantly vertical direction by means of a releasable, form-fitting coupling, in particular a screwable flange coupling, at each end of the shredding shaft and the bearings of the shafts remain on or in the shredding housing. Of course, other forms of coupling are also conceivable.
Zur Verbesserung der Materialaufgabe kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Wand des Materialaufgabebereiches als, insbesondere den Antrieb der Zerkleinerungswelle (zumindest in der Gebrauchsstellung) wenigstens teilweise überdeckender, Kipptrichter ausgebildet ist. Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine, insbesondere die als Kipptrichter ausgebildete, Wand, insbesondere zumindest im Wesentlichen horizontal, so bewegbar, insbesondere verschiebbar, dass dadurch der Raum für die lösbare, formschlüssige Kupplung zu Wartungszwecken freigegeben wird. Alternativ oder ergänzend hierzu kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine der Seitenwände des Materialaufgabebereichs so bewegt, insbesondere geschwenkt oder im Wesentlichen horizontal verschoben werden kann, dass der Raum für die lösbare, formschlüssige Kupplung zu Wartungszwecken freigegeben wird. Alle diese Maßnahmen sorgen dafür, dass keine vorhandenen Seitenwände ausgebaut werden müssen, um Wartungsarbeiten durchzuführen bzw. eine Zerkleinerungswelle zu entnehmen.To improve the material feed, it can be provided that a wall of the material feed area is designed as a tilting funnel that at least partially covers the drive of the shredding shaft (at least in the position of use). According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a wall, in particular the one designed as a tilting funnel, can be moved, in particular displaced, in particular at least substantially horizontally, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling is released for maintenance purposes. As an alternative or in addition to this, it can be provided that one of the side walls of the material feed area can be moved, in particular pivoted or essentially shifted horizontally, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling is released for maintenance purposes. All of these measures ensure that no existing side walls have to be removed in order to carry out maintenance work or to remove a shredding shaft.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann - insbesondere bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung - unter oder unterhalb der wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungswelle wenigstens ein Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug, insbesondere ein Brechbalken oder Siebkorb, angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt kann das Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug im Wesentlichen - insbesondere bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung - in vertikaler Richtung angehoben oder abgesenkt werden. Das Anheben oder Absenken hat zum einen den Vorteil, dass hierdurch gegebenenfalls an dem zu zerkleinernden Material noch maschinelle Anpassungen vorgenommen werden können. Auf der anderen Seite ist es so möglich, das Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug zu Wartungszwecken von den Zerkleinerungswellen abzurücken. So kann nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass das Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug aus dem Wellenzerkleinerer nach Absenken herausgefahren werden kann. Bevorzugt kann nach Absenken des Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeugs dasselbe etwa seitlich nach Art einer Schublade aus dem Maschinenrahmen herausgefahren werden. Natürlich kann die Vorrichtung auch so beschaffen sein, dass sie dies an der Stirnseite des Wellenzerkleinerers vorsieht. Bevorzugt weist der Wellenzerkleinerer zum Ausbringen des Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeugs entsprechend unterhalb oder unter den Zerkleinerungswellen gelegene Revisionsklappen auf, die das Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug zugänglich machen.According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one re-shredding tool, in particular a breaker bar or screen basket, can be arranged below or below the at least one shredding shaft, in particular in relation to the direction of gravity. The re-shredding tool can preferably be raised or lowered essentially in the vertical direction, in particular in relation to the direction of gravity. Raising or lowering has the advantage, on the one hand, that mechanical adjustments can be made to the material to be shredded if necessary. On the other hand, it is possible to move the re-shredding tool away from the shredding shafts for maintenance purposes. According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided in particular that the re-shredding tool can be moved out of the shaft shredder after it has been lowered. Preferably, after the re-shredding tool has been lowered, it can be moved out of the machine frame approximately laterally in the manner of a drawer. Of course, the device can also be designed in such a way that it provides this on the end face of the wave crusher. The shaft shredder preferably has inspection flaps which are located below or below the shredding shafts and make the subsequent shredding tool accessible.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wellenzerkleinerer um einen Zweiwellenzerkleinerer, der zwei Zerkleinerungswellen umfasst, welche nebeneinander liegend, insbesondere mit parallel zueinander angeordneten Drehachsen, angeordnet sind. Nebeneinanderliegend bedeutet im Sinne der Erfindung nicht zwangsläufig eine horizontale Ausrichtung und eine parallele Ausrichtung der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen. Nebeneinanderliegend bedeutet lediglich, dass die beiden Zerkleinerungswellen in räumlicher Nähe angeordnet sind. So kann eine V-förmige Konfiguration der beiden Zerkleinerungswellen ebenso wie eine Anordnung darunter verstanden werden, bei der die beiden Wellen in Schwerkraftrichtung betrachtet vertikal nach Art einer Stufe versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. In diesem Sinne sind alle relativen Konfigurationen beider Zerkleinerungswellen als nebeneinanderliegend zu verstehen. In jedem Fall ist eine nebeneinanderliegende Konfiguration dann gegeben, wenn die an den Wellen befindlichen Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge dabei miteinander kämmen, d.h. die Zerkleinerungswerkzeuge, die am Umfang der jeweiligen Zerkleinerungswelle angeordnet sind, greifen zumindest teilweise in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen der jeweils anderen Zerkleinerungswelle ein.The shaft shredder according to the invention is preferably a twin-shaft shredder which comprises two shredding shafts which, lying next to one another, are arranged in particular with axes of rotation arranged parallel to one another. In the context of the invention, adjacent does not necessarily mean a horizontal alignment and a parallel alignment of the two shredding shafts. Side by side only means that the two shredding shafts are arranged in spatial proximity. Thus, a V-shaped configuration of the two shredding shafts can be understood as well as an arrangement in which the two shafts, viewed in the direction of gravity, are arranged vertically offset from one another in the manner of a step. In this sense, all relative configurations of both shredding shafts are to be understood as lying next to one another. In any case, there is an adjacent configuration when the shredding tools on the shafts mesh with one another, i.e. the shredding tools that are arranged on the circumference of the respective shredding shaft engage at least partially in the spaces between the shredding tools of the other shredding shaft.
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Wellenzerkleinerer mit einem Maschinenrahmen und einer Zerkleinerungseinheit vorgesehen, welche zwei Zerkleinerungswellen umfasst, welche nebeneinander liegend angeordnet sind, wobei die Zerkleinerungswellen über wenigstens einen Antrieb angetriebenen sind und benachbart zur Zerkleinerungseinheit ein Materialaufgabebereich ausgebildet ist, welcher eine Mehrzahl von Seitenwänden umfasst, wobei der Wellenzerkleinerer, der insbesondere im Weiteren so ausgebildet ist wie oben beschrieben, wenigstens eine, insbesondere angetriebene, Nachdrückeinrichtung umfasst. Die Nachdrückeinrichtung umfasst dabei beispielsweise ein längliches, insbesondere zylinderförmiges, Nachdrückelement, dessen Längsachse bevorzugt parallel zu den Drehachsen der Zerkleinerungswellen verläuft. Natürlich kann die Nachdrückeinrichtung eine Mehrzahl entlang der Zerkleinerungswellen angeordnete Nachdrückelemente aufweisen, wobei diese beispielsweise kugelförmige Nachdrückelemente anstelle eines länglichen Nachdrückelements umfassen können.According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, a shaft shredder is provided with a machine frame and a shredding unit, which comprises two shredding shafts which are arranged side by side, the shredding shafts being driven by at least one drive and adjacent to the shredding unit, a material feed area is formed which has a plurality comprised of side walls, wherein the wave crusher, in particular in the following is designed as described above, comprises at least one, in particular driven, pressing device. The pusher device comprises, for example, an elongated, in particular cylindrical, pusher element, the longitudinal axis of which preferably runs parallel to the axes of rotation of the shredding shafts. Of course, the pusher device can have a plurality of pusher elements arranged along the shredding shafts, it being possible for these to comprise, for example, spherical pusher elements instead of an elongate pusher element.
Mithilfe dieser Nachdrückeinrichtung können insbesondere leichte, sperrige oder voluminöse Teile im zu zerkleinern Material, die ansonsten nicht von den beiden Zerkleinerungswellen erfasst werden, sondern eher auf den Wellen hin und her geworfen werden, in den Wirkbereich der Werkzeuge der Zerkleinerungswellen hineingedrückt werden.With the help of this pressing device, in particular light, bulky or voluminous parts in the material to be shredded, which otherwise would not be gripped by the two shredding shafts, but rather are thrown back and forth on the shafts, can be pushed into the effective area of the tools of the shredding shafts.
Dazu kann nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass die Nachdrückeinrichtung aus einem Gebrauchszustand im Bereich der Zerkleinerungswellen, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen den und/ oder oberhalb der Zerkleinerungswellen in einen Nichtgebrauchszustand bringbar, insbesondere schwenkbar ist. Der Gebrauchszustand ist derjenige Zustand, bei welchem die Nachdrückeinrichtung aktiv am Zerkleinerungsprozess beteiligt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise so geschehen, dass sie lediglich mit Schwerkraft auf das zu zerkleinerte Material drückt. Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass die Nachdrückeinrichtung angetrieben wird, d.h. aktiv zusätzlich zur Schwerkraft Material gegen die Zerkleinerungswellen drückt. Dies kann alternierend erfolgen, sodass eine Hin- und HerBewegung der Nachdrückeinrichtung auf die Wellen zu und von diesen weg ausgeführt wird. Demgegenüber bezeichnet der Nichtgebrauchszustand der Nachdrückeinrichtung den Zustand, in welchem beispielsweise neues Material in den Materialaufgabebereich gelangt und die Nachdrückeinrichtung nicht betätigt wird.For this purpose, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that the pressing device can be brought, in particular pivoted, from a use state in the area of the shredding shafts, in particular in the area between and / or above the shredding shafts, into a non-use state. The state of use is that state in which the pressing device is actively involved in the shredding process. This can be done, for example, in such a way that it only presses with gravity on the material to be shredded. It is preferably provided that the pressing device is driven, ie actively in addition to Gravity pushes material against the shredding shafts. This can take place alternately, so that a to-and-fro movement of the pusher device towards and away from the shafts is carried out. In contrast, the non-use state of the pusher device denotes the state in which, for example, new material reaches the material feed area and the pusher device is not actuated.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Nachdrückeinrichtung an einer der Seitenwände, insbesondere schwenkbar, angebracht ist. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei einer dieser Seitenwände um eine an einer Längsseite einer Zerkleinerungswelle vorgesehene Seitenwand. An dieser kann die Nachdrückeinrichtung beispielsweise über einen Antrieb, insbesondere durch ein oder eine Mehrzahl Hydraulikzylinder, aus der Nichtgebrauchsstellung in die Gebrauchsstellung geschwenkt bzw. in der Gebrauchsstellung bewegt werden. Bevorzugt ist in diesem Fall die Nachdrückeinrichtung an einem Schwenkhebel angebracht, welcher am dem Nachdrückelement gegenüberliegenden Ende an der entsprechenden Seitenwand schwenkbar gelagert ist. Dabei ist der Schwenkhebel in der Seitenwand bevorzugt so gelagert, dass in jedem Schwenkzustand des Schwenkhebels keine Öffnung in der Seitenwand entsteht. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass eine Kreisscheibe oder zumindest ein Kreisscheibensegment in der Seitenwand mit einer Drehachse parallel zur Seitenwand drehbar gelagert ist, wobei an diesem Kreisscheibensegment oder dieser Kreisscheibe der Schwenkhebel angebracht ist. Die durch eine Lageröffnung in der Seitenwand hindurchreichende Fläche, insbesondere Umfangsfläche, der Kreisscheibe bzw. des Kreisscheibensegmentes verschließt dabei die Lageröffnung in jedem Schwenkzustand.According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the pressing device is attached to one of the side walls, in particular pivotably. One of these side walls is preferably a side wall provided on a longitudinal side of a shredding shaft. On this, the pressing device can be pivoted from the non-use position into the use position or moved into the use position, for example by means of a drive, in particular by means of one or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. In this case, the pusher device is preferably attached to a pivot lever which is pivotably mounted on the corresponding side wall at the end opposite the pusher element. The pivot lever is preferably mounted in the side wall in such a way that no opening is created in the side wall in any pivoted state of the pivot lever. This can be achieved, for example, in that a circular disk or at least one circular disk segment is rotatably mounted in the side wall with an axis of rotation parallel to the side wall, the pivot lever being attached to this circular disk segment or this circular disk. The one through a warehouse opening The surface extending through the side wall, in particular the circumferential surface, of the circular disk or the circular disk segment closes the bearing opening in every pivoting state.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Wellenzerkleinerer mit einem Maschinenrahmen und einer Zerkleinerungseinheit vorgesehen, welche mindestens zwei darin gelagerte, über einen Antrieb angetriebene Zerkleinerungswellen umfasst, wobei benachbart zur Zerkleinerungseinheit ein Materialaufgabebereich ausgebildet ist. Dieser Zweiwellenzerkleinerer kann so ausgebildet sein, wie oben beschrieben. Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der Wellenzerkleinerer eine Wellenkoppelvorrichtung, die so eingerichtet ist, dass sie von einem Synchronmodus, bei dem die Zerkleinerungswellen in einem definierten Drehzahlverhältnis mit entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung bewegt werden, und einem Asynchronmodus, bei dem die Zerkleinerungswellen mit jeweils beliebiger Drehrichtung und ohne definiertes Drehzahlverhältnis bewegt werden, umschaltbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann der Wellenzerkleinerer aufkommenden Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Zerkleinerungsprozesses angepasst werden.According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a shaft shredder is provided with a machine frame and a shredding unit which comprises at least two shredding shafts mounted therein and driven by a drive, a material feed area being formed adjacent to the shredding unit. This twin-shaft shredder can be designed as described above. According to the invention, the shaft shredder comprises a shaft coupling device which is set up in such a way that it switches from a synchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts are moved in a defined speed ratio with an opposite direction of rotation, and an asynchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts are moved in any direction of rotation and without a defined speed ratio , is switchable. In this way, the shaft shredder can be adapted to the requirements of the shredding process.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist die Wellenkoppelvorrichtung ein verschiebbares oder schwenkbare Ritzel auf, um das Umschalten vom Synchronmodus in den Asynchronmodus zu bewirken. Ein solches Ritzel lässt sich auf einfache Weise durch einen beliebigen Antrieb oder auch händisch aus einer Synchronstellung, bei der beide Wellen miteinander gekoppelt sind, in eine asynchrone Stellung verschieben.According to an advantageous embodiment, the shaft coupling device has a displaceable or pivotable pinion in order to effect the switchover from the synchronous mode to the asynchronous mode. Such a pinion can be easily moved by any drive or by hand from a synchronous position in which both shafts are coupled to each other, move to an asynchronous position.
Für alle hier vorgestellten Ausführungsformen gilt, dass wenn immer von Antrieben die Rede ist, natürlich beliebige Arten von Antrieben gemeint sein können.For all the embodiments presented here, it is true that whenever drives are mentioned, any type of drives can of course be meant.
Die Antriebseinheit für die Zerkleinerungswellen kann bevorzugt dieselhydraulisch oder elektrohydraulisch sein.The drive unit for the shredding shafts can preferably be diesel-hydraulic or electro-hydraulic.
Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der erfindungsgemäße Wellenzerkleinerer mit den Zerkleinerungswellen gekoppelte oder koppelbare, auf der Antriebsseite oder auf der der Antriebsseite gegenüberliegenden Seite der Zerkleinerungswellen angeordnete, insbesondere die Wellenkoppelvorrichtung umfassende, Getriebeeinrichtung aufweist. Getriebeeinrichtungen sind so zu verstehen, dass jede Art von Kopplung einer Welle mit dem Antrieb darunter zu verstehen ist. Es können miteinander kämmende Zahnräder genauso vorliegen wie etwa Riemenantriebe oder Kettenantriebe. Jede Zerkleinerungswelle weist bevorzugt ein separates Getriebe auf.According to a further embodiment of the present invention it is provided that the shaft shredder according to the invention has a gear unit which is coupled or can be coupled to the shredding shafts and is arranged on the drive side or on the side of the shredding shafts opposite the drive side, in particular comprising the shaft coupling device. Gear units are to be understood in such a way that they include any type of coupling of a shaft with the drive. There can be meshing gears as well as belt drives or chain drives. Each shredding shaft preferably has a separate gear.
Weiter kann im erfindungsgemäßen Wellenzerkleinerer eine elektrische Steuerung zur Steuerung und Überwachung der mechanischen, elektrischen und hydraulischen Vorgänge und Parameter der Maschine vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, an electrical controller for controlling and monitoring the mechanical, electrical and hydraulic processes and parameters of the machine can be provided in the shaft shredder according to the invention.
Was das Bewegen der Seitenwände betrifft, so kann dies natürlich händisch erfolgen, vorstellbar ist natürlich auch, dass eine oder eine Mehrzahl Seitenwände hydraulisch, elektrisch oder mechanisch bewegbar sind. Dies kann beispielsweise dann über die Steuerung bewerkstelligt werden.As far as moving the side walls is concerned, this can of course be done manually, it is of course also conceivable that one or a plurality of side walls can be moved hydraulically, electrically or mechanically. This can then be accomplished, for example, via the controller.
Die Seitenwände, welche an den Längsseiten der Zerkleinerungswelle vorgesehen sind, sind bevorzugt so ausgelegt, dass sie dicht an die Außenkante des Gehäuses der Zerkleinerungseinheit verbringbar sind. Hierdurch wird eine direkte Zugänglichkeit zu den Zerkleinerungswerkzeugen auf den Zerkleinerungswellen und den Gegenkämmen erreicht. Die Gegenkämme sind bevorzugt unterhalb der längsseitigen Seitenwände in der Zerkleinerungseinheit angebracht.The side walls, which are provided on the longitudinal sides of the shredding shaft, are preferably designed so that they can be brought close to the outer edge of the housing of the shredding unit. This provides direct access to the shredding tools on the shredding shafts and the counter combs. The counter combs are preferably attached below the longitudinal side walls in the shredding unit.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der
- Figur 1 -
- zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Wellenzerkleinerers in Beladungsstellung,
- Figur 2 -
- zeigt den Wellenzerkleinerer in Vorbereitung einer Wartung,
- Figur 3 -
- zeigt eine Detailansicht der
Figur 2 , - Figur 4 -
- zeigt den Kopplungsbereich von Antrieb und Zerkleinerungswellen,
- Figur 5 -
- zeigt den Kopplungsbereich von Zerkleinerungswellen und Wellenkoppelvorrichtung,
- Figur 6 -
- zeigt eine Detailansicht mit geöffneten Revisionsklappen und herausgezogenem Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug,
- Figur 7 -
- zeigt ein Wartungsgestell zur Aufnahme von Zerkleinerungswellen,
- Figur 8 -
- zeigt einen Ausschnitt der auf dem Wartungsgestell liegenden Zerkleinerungswellen,
- Figur 9 -
- zeigt die Nachdrückeinrichtung in Nichtgebrauchsstellung, während sich die Seitenwand in der Wartungsstellung befindet.
- Figure 1 -
- shows a perspective view of a shaft shredder according to the invention in the loading position,
- Figure 2 -
- shows the shaft shredder in preparation for maintenance,
- Figure 3 -
- shows a detailed view of the
Figure 2 , - Figure 4 -
- shows the coupling area of drive and shredding shafts,
- Figure 5 -
- shows the coupling area of shredding shafts and shaft coupling device,
- Figure 6 -
- shows a detailed view with opened inspection flaps and pulled out re-shredding tool,
- Figure 7 -
- shows a maintenance frame for holding shredding shafts,
- Figure 8 -
- shows a section of the shredding shafts lying on the maintenance rack,
- Figure 9 -
- shows the pressing device in the non-use position, while the side wall is in the maintenance position.
Das zu zerkleinernde Material wird in den Materialaufgabebereich gegeben, durch die Zerkleinerungseinheit 2 zerkleinert und unterhalb von dieser aufgefangen. Das zerkleinerte Material wird von dort zu dem auf der rechten Seite gezeigten Förderband transportiert und von diesem abtransportiert.The material to be shredded is placed in the material feed area, shredded by the
Ebenso soll die Abschirmung 11 verhindern, dass Zerkleinerungsgut in den zum Antrieb hin weisenden Flanschbereich gelangt. Dieser Bereich ist in
Die Flanschkupplungen 15, 16, 17, 18 können zur Entnahme der Zerkleinerungswellen 8, 9 gelöst und sodann können diese unmittelbar nach dem Lösen der Verschraubung in, relativ zur Drehachse, radialer Richtung, insbesondere vertikaler, entnommen werden. Somit kann die Entnahme der Zerkleinerungswellen 8, 9 beschleunigt werden, ohne dass dazu zunächst ein Teil des Antriebes oder der Lagerung der Zerkleinerungswellen 8, 9 demontiert werden muss.The flange couplings 15, 16, 17, 18 can be loosened to remove the
Zur Wartung können nach dem Lösen der Flanschkupplungen 15, 16, 17, 18 die Zerkleinerungswellen 8, 9 angehoben werden. Das Wartungsgestell 21 kann in den Wellenzerkleinerer 1 eingeschoben werden und mit den Ablagen 22, 23 unter den Zerkleinerungswellen 8, 9 positioniert werde. Sodann wird das Wartungsgestell 21 angehoben und die Zerkleinerungswellen liegen auf den Ablagen 22, 23 auf und werden mit dem Wartungsgestell 21 angehoben. Somit können die Zerkleinerungswellen 8, 9 - wie es die
Mit einem derartigen Wellenzerkleinerer 1 kann die Wartung der Zerkleinerungseinheit 2 vereinfacht und gleichzeitig verkürzt werden, was die Wartungskosten reduziert.With such a
Im Gebrauchszustand, bei dem die Seitenwände 4, 5, 6, 7, wie in
Um die Mechanik der Nachdrückeinrichtung 3 vor Verschmutzungen und damit vor Beschädigungen zu schützen, ist gerade das Verschwenkungselement 3b hier in Form einer Kreisscheibe oder Kreissegmentscheibe ausgebildet. Dabei ist der Bereich des Verschwenkungselements 3b, der aus der Seitenwand 5 hinaus in den Materialaufgabebereich hereinragt, sowohl an den Stirnflächen, als auch auf der Zylinderfläche verkleidet, so das kein Zerkleinerungsgut die Funktion des Verschwenkungselements 3b beeinträchtigen kann.In order to protect the mechanism of the
Claims (13)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass wenigstens eine der Seitenwände (4, 5, 6, 7), insbesondere wenigstens eine bezogen auf die Axialrichtung der Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9) stirnseitig angeordnete Seitenwand (4, 7), aus einer Gebrauchsstellung in eine Wartungsstellung bringbar, insbesondere klappbar oder verschiebbar, ausgebildet ist.Shaft shredder (1) with a machine frame and a shredding unit (2) which comprises at least one shredding shaft (8, 9) mounted therein and driven by a drive, with a material feed area being formed adjacent to the shredding unit (2) which has a plurality of side walls ( 4, 5, 6, 7) includes,
characterized,
that at least one of the side walls (4, 5, 6, 7), in particular at least one side wall (4, 7) arranged at the front in relation to the axial direction of the shredding shaft (8, 9), can be brought from a position of use into a maintenance position, in particular foldable or displaceable , is trained.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass in der Wartungsstellung Lager-und/oder Kupplungsbereiche der wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9) zugänglich sind.Shaft shredder (1) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that in the maintenance position the bearing and / or coupling areas of the at least one shredding shaft (8, 9) are accessible.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die wenigstens eine Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9) durch eine lösbare, formschlüssige Kupplung, insbesondere eine schraubbare Flanschkupplung (15, 16; 17, 18) an jedem Ende der Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9), in vorwiegend senkrechter Richtung aus dem Zerkleinerungsgehäuse demontiert werden kann und die Lagerungen der Wellen am oder im Zerkleinerungsgehäuse verbleiben.Shaft shredder (1) according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the at least one shredding shaft (8, 9) by a releasable, positive coupling, in particular a screwable flange coupling (15, 16; 17, 18) at each end of the shredding shaft (8, 9), in a predominantly vertical direction from the shredding housing can be dismantled and the bearings of the shafts remain on or in the shredding housing.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Wand (7) des Materialaufgabebereiches als, insbesondere den Antrieb der Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9) wenigstens teilweise überdeckender, Kipptrichter (7) ausgebildet ist.Shaft shredder (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a wall (7) of the material feed area is designed as a tilting funnel (7) that at least partially covers the drive of the shredding shaft (8, 9).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine insbesondere als Kipptrichter ausgebildete Wand (7), insbesondere zumindest im Wesentlichen horizontal, so bewegbar ist, insbesondere verschiebbar ist, dass dadurch der Raum für die lösbare, formschlüssige Kupplung (15, 16) zu Wartungszwecken freigegeben wird.Shaft shredder (1) according to claim 3 and 4,
characterized,
that a wall (7) designed in particular as a tilting funnel is movable, in particular displaceable, in particular at least substantially horizontally, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling (15, 16) is freed for maintenance purposes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine der Seitenwände (4) des Materialaufgabebereichs so bewegt, insbesondere geschwenkt oder im Wesentlichen horizontal verschoben werden kann, dass der Raum für die lösbare, formschlüssige Kupplung (17, 18) zu Wartungszwecken freigegeben wird.Shaft shredder (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that one of the side walls (4) of the material feed area can be moved, in particular pivoted or essentially horizontally displaced, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling (17, 18) is released for maintenance purposes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass unterhalb der wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungswelle (8, 9) wenigstens ein Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug (19), insbesondere ein Brechbalken oder Siebkorb angeordnet ist.Shaft shredder (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that below the at least one shredding shaft (8, 9) at least one re-shredding tool (19), in particular a breaker bar or screen basket, is arranged.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug (19) im Wesentlichen in vertikaler Richtung angehoben oder abgesenkt werden kann.Shaft shredder (1) according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the re-shredding tool (19) can be raised or lowered essentially in the vertical direction.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug (19) aus dem Wellenzerkleinerer (1) herausgefahren werden kann.Shaft shredder (1) according to one of claims 7 or 8,
characterized,
that the re-shredding tool (19) can be moved out of the shaft shredder (1).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er zwei Zerkleinerungswellen (8, 9) umfasst, welche nebeneinander liegend, insbesondere mit parallel zueinander angeordneten Drehachsen, angeordnet sind.Shaft shredder (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that it comprises two shredding shafts (8, 9) which are arranged next to one another, in particular with axes of rotation arranged parallel to one another.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass er eine, insbesondere angetriebene, Nachdrückeinrichtung (3) umfasst, welche ein insbesondere längliches, insbesondere zylinderförmiges, Nachdrückelement aufweist, dessen Längsachse bevorzugt parallel zu den Drehachsen der Zerkleinerungswellen (8, 9) verläuft.Shaft shredder (1) with a machine frame and a shredding unit (2) which has at least one shredding shaft mounted therein and driven by a drive (8, 9), wherein adjacent to the shredding unit (2) a material feed area is formed which comprises a plurality of side walls (4, 5, 6, 7), the shaft shredder (1) comprising two shredding shafts (8, 9), which are arranged side by side, in particular according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that it comprises a, in particular driven, pusher device (3) which has an in particular elongate, in particular cylindrical, pusher element, the longitudinal axis of which preferably runs parallel to the axes of rotation of the shredding shafts (8, 9).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Nachdrückeinrichtung (3) aus einem Gebrauchszustand im Bereich der Zerkleinerungswellen, insbesondere im Bereich zwischen den und/oder oberhalb der Zerkleinerungswellen (8, 9) in einen Nichtgebrauchszustand bringbar, insbesondere schwenkbar ist.Shaft shredder (1) according to claim 10 or 11,
characterized,
that the pressing device (3) can be brought, in particular pivoted, from a state of use in the area of the shredding shafts, in particular in the area between and / or above the shredding shafts (8, 9) into a non-use state.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Nachdrückeinrichtung (3) an einer der Seitenwände (4, 5, 6, 7), insbesondere schwenkbar, angebracht ist.Shaft shredder (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12,
characterized,
that the pressing device (3) is attached to one of the side walls (4, 5, 6, 7), in particular pivotably.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES20202224T ES2974979T3 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | shaft crusher |
EP20202224.0A EP3799961B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft shredder |
PL20202224.0T PL3799961T3 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft shredder |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20202224.0A EP3799961B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft shredder |
EP18171900.6A EP3566777B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft grinder |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18171900.6A Division EP3566777B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft grinder |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3799961A2 true EP3799961A2 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
EP3799961A3 EP3799961A3 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
EP3799961C0 EP3799961C0 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
EP3799961B1 EP3799961B1 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
Family
ID=62152479
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20202224.0A Active EP3799961B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft shredder |
EP18171900.6A Active EP3566777B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft grinder |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18171900.6A Active EP3566777B1 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2018-05-11 | Shaft grinder |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US12059686B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3799961B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7475285B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3097072A1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2974979T3 (en) |
PL (2) | PL3799961T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019215312A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT523406B1 (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-08-15 | Untha Shredding Tech Gmbh | Shredding machine |
DE202020103188U1 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2021-09-06 | Vogelsang Gmbh & Co. Kg | Twin shaft shredder with a horizontal maintenance concept |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3248687A1 (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-29 | Manuel Lindner | Two-shaft shredder having quick change device |
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JP3845542B2 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2006-11-15 | 日立建機株式会社 | Self-propelled crusher |
AUPR955001A0 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2002-01-24 | Medivac Technology Pty Limited | Compact waste treatment apparatus |
WO2005079990A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-09-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kinki | Shear crusher and crushing method |
EP1593435A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-09 | Edi Bondioli | Reduction device for transmitting motion to tools of a crushing machine and crushing machine incorporating said device |
JP4986573B2 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2012-07-25 | 日立建機株式会社 | Shear type crusher |
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2018
- 2018-05-11 PL PL20202224.0T patent/PL3799961T3/en unknown
- 2018-05-11 PL PL18171900T patent/PL3566777T3/en unknown
- 2018-05-11 EP EP20202224.0A patent/EP3799961B1/en active Active
- 2018-05-11 EP EP18171900.6A patent/EP3566777B1/en active Active
- 2018-05-11 ES ES20202224T patent/ES2974979T3/en active Active
- 2018-05-11 ES ES18171900T patent/ES2841808T3/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-05-10 JP JP2020563533A patent/JP7475285B2/en active Active
- 2019-05-10 WO PCT/EP2019/062002 patent/WO2019215312A1/en active Application Filing
- 2019-05-10 US US17/045,593 patent/US12059686B2/en active Active
- 2019-05-10 CA CA3097072A patent/CA3097072A1/en active Pending
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2023
- 2023-12-04 US US18/527,563 patent/US20240116057A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3248687A1 (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-29 | Manuel Lindner | Two-shaft shredder having quick change device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20240116057A1 (en) | 2024-04-11 |
ES2974979T3 (en) | 2024-07-02 |
US20210023569A1 (en) | 2021-01-28 |
PL3566777T3 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
EP3799961A3 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
ES2841808T3 (en) | 2021-07-09 |
WO2019215312A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
EP3799961C0 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
CA3097072A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
EP3799961B1 (en) | 2023-12-13 |
JP2021523825A (en) | 2021-09-09 |
EP3566777B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
PL3799961T3 (en) | 2024-04-29 |
EP3566777A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
US12059686B2 (en) | 2024-08-13 |
JP7475285B2 (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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