JP2586297Y2 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

The present invention relates to a crusher having various crushing functions such as tearing large bulky refuse such as refrigerators and washing machines, and crushing garbage requiring cutting such as cassette cylinders and spring mattresses. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Garbage and industrial waste from homes such as refrigerators and washing machines are variously suitable for processing by tearing, shearing, or a mixture and crushing of both depending on the size, type of material and nature. Stuff is included.

[0003] As a shear crusher, a low-speed two-shaft shear crusher is known. This crusher supports two mutually parallel shafts on a frame, and fixes a plurality of crushing blades at a predetermined pitch on each shaft. The crushing blade of one shaft is crushed with the crushing blade of the other shaft. Each of the crushing blades is formed of a substantially circular disk having a predetermined thickness and having a hook-shaped cutter knife in a part thereof. is there.

In the crushing machine, a rotational driving force is applied from the shaft end, and the two rotating shafts rotate inward in opposite directions to each other, and refuse to be put between the crushing blades is crushed mainly by shear crushing.

On the other hand, a crusher mainly having tearing and having a crushing function by shearing is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication Nos. 4-53457 and 5345.
Nos. 8,534,53460 and 53460, respectively. The crushers described in the respective publications are different from each other in the features of their details, but common crushers are used for the basic configuration.

[0006] As an example, see Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 4-53457, a crushing machine according to this publication has a crushing chamber having an inlet for crushed material near the upper front side and an outlet for crushed material at the lower portion. , The first having a crushing blade on the outer periphery
The shaft and the second shaft are arranged such that the second shaft is in the upper center and the first shaft is closer to the lower entrance, and both shafts are inwardly facing each other toward the inlet, and the rotation of the second shaft is performed. The speed is made faster than that of the first shaft. A wing plate is provided behind the two shafts, the upper end of which is supported on a support shaft behind the second shaft. It is configured to provide a driving means for causing the drive to be performed.

In the crushing machine having the above structure, when the crushed material is put into the crushing chamber, it is caught between the crushing blades of the first shaft and the second shaft and is torn by both crushing blades having different rotation speeds. At this time,
The gap between the wing plate and the first shaft is adjusted in advance so that the crushed object has a size smaller than required.

The crushed material having a required size falls through a gap between the crushing blade of the first shaft and the wing plate and is discharged from the discharge port. Large crushed material that is not sufficiently crushed tries to stay on the wing plate without passing through the gap, but is lifted upward by the second shaft, moves to the input port side, receives crushing action again, and is crushed by repeating the above. The object is crushed to the required size.

[0009]

However, the low-speed two-shaft shear crusher described above mainly performs shear crushing. In the case of a large crushed material, it is necessary to tear the material to a size smaller than required and then crush it. However, the object to be crushed may be too large to be put into the crusher, and there are certain restrictions on the size of the object to be crushed.

[0010] In addition, over-cutting has problems such as a reduction in shearing force due to blade wear, blade cracking, and the like, and a short blade life.

In the crushing machine described as an example in the above publication, the crushed material which is primary crushed and which is larger than a required size by tearing and shearing can be crushed to a required size or less by secondary crushing. This is a crusher with extremely high crushing efficiency.

However, in any of the above-mentioned crushers, the distance between the two parallel rotating shafts having crushing blades is constant, and in particular, the latter prior art, even if tearing and shearing can be performed, does not affect the distance between the rotating shafts. There is a certain limit to the crushed machines that can be accepted as long as the crushing is constant, and crushing is not always possible for various sizes.

In this invention, two parallel shafts having crushing blades are provided in a crushing chamber with a variable center-to-center distance in consideration of the various problems of the conventional crusher described above, and the size and properties of the material to be crushed are reduced. An object of the present invention is to realize a highly efficient crushing by setting a distance between axes optimally in accordance therewith so that a position having a function of tearing, shearing, or both can be freely selected.

[0014]

As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to a first shaft and a second shaft each having a crushing blade on the outer periphery in a crushing chamber having an inlet and an outlet for crushing the object.
The former are arranged parallel to each other at the lower part, the both shafts are mutually inward toward the inlet, and the rotation speeds of both shafts are each variable, and the crushing blade has a trapezoidal cross section in the diameter direction. The first shaft and the second shaft are crushers in which the respective bearings or the bearings of one of the shafts are freely movable and the distance between the two shafts is variable.

[0015]

In the crusher of the present invention having the above-described structure, the tearing and crushing is mainly performed by widening the distance between the shafts for large bulky waste, and the distance between the shafts is reduced for the small waste and the gap between the crushing blades of both shafts is reduced. The crushing is performed mainly by shearing by approaching a small position, and crushing is performed by the two functions in the intermediate property.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a main cross-sectional view of the crusher of the embodiment, FIG.
FIG. 3 is a plan view as viewed from a plane including two rotation axes. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a crushing chamber whose periphery is surrounded by a side wall 2, a chute 3 is provided in front of the crushing chamber, that is, on the upper part of the right side wall 2 in FIG. Is provided with a discharge port 6.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a first crushing chamber 1 provided near the lower front.
The shafts 8 are second shafts in the upper center of the crushing chamber 1, each having a large-diameter hollow shape. Both ends of each shaft have small diameters and are provided by bearings 7 </ b> X, 8 </ b> X provided outside the side wall 2. It is supported. Also, one end of each shaft 7, 8 protrudes through the bearing,
It is driven by drive motors 30 and 31 shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 9 denotes a guide plate which extends forward from the upper end of the side wall 2 at the rear of the crushing chamber 1 and reaches the upper end of the inlet 4. A plurality of ripper wheels 10 are fixed to the outer periphery of each of the shafts 7 and 8, and a large number of crushing blades 11 are provided on the outer periphery of the ripper wheel 10.

The crushing blade 11 has a knife edge 12, and the edge 12 of the crushing blade 11 provided on each ripper wheel 10 is provided above the foil 10 so as to face the inlet 4. In addition, each foil 10 is arranged such that its outer circumference enters between the outer circumferences of the other wheel 10,
They rotate inward toward each other. Crushing blade 1
1 has a trapezoidal cross section in the diameter direction as shown in FIG.

Reference numeral 13 denotes a fixed blade which meshes with the crushing blade 11 of the first shaft 7 and is provided inside the side wall 2 on the lower side of the first shaft 7. The cross section of the fixed blade 13 is also a trapezoidal cross section substantially similar to that of the crushing blade 11 described above, but is provided with an appropriate gap between the first shaft 7 and the crushing blade 11. Fixed blade 13
Is provided to prevent the crushed material from falling freely when the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 are reversed, as will be described later.

Reference numeral 14 denotes a support shaft provided above the rear portion of the crushing chamber 1. The support shaft 14 is rotatably fitted to the upper end of a wing plate 15, and the wing plate 15 is pivoted about the support shaft 14. Can swing back and forth. The second on the wing plate 15
A crushing blade 16 that meshes with the crushing blade 11 of the shaft 8 is provided.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a support base fixed to a lower portion on the rear outside of the crusher. A hydraulic cylinder 21 is swingably attached to a bearing 20 fixed to the upper portion by a pin 22.

The piston rod 23 protruding from the front end of the hydraulic cylinder 21 penetrates the opening of the side wall 2 and its tip is connected to the wing plate 15 by a pin 24, and the wing plate 15 swings as the piston rod 23 advances and retreats. Moving structure.

Above the wing plate 15, the second shaft 8
A comb blade 18 is provided so as to protrude from the support 17 so as to mesh with the crushing blade 11 and remove a coil or a string. Although not shown, a hydraulic cylinder is provided on the left side of the support 17 similarly to the wing plate 16 so that the comb blade 18 can move forward and backward. In a normal operation state, the comb blade 18 is retracted to a position shown by a solid line and stands by, and is used by being protruded into a gap for removing a coil or a string-like material when not in operation.

In this embodiment, the bearing 7X of the first shaft 7 is used.
Is fixed, but the bearing 8X of the second shaft 8 is provided so that the distance between the two shafts can be adjusted. FIG. 3 shows an example of the adjusting means. In this example, the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8
A hydraulic cylinder 33 is provided on a bearing table 32 for fixing the bearings 7X and 8X, and a bearing 8X is movably provided on a moving table 34.

The hydraulic cylinder 33 is provided on a line connecting the centers of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8, and its protruding rod 33 a is connected to a moving table 34 via a connecting member 35. It is movable within a guide frame 36 that guides both sides. Therefore, by extending and retracting the protruding rod 33a of the hydraulic cylinder 33, the distance between the bearings 8X and the bearing 7X is set between the shafts.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First,
As shown in FIG. 2A, it is assumed that the crushing blades 11 of the ripper wheel 10 of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 enter between the crushing blades 11 of each other and maintain a slight gap. . In this case, the crushing is mainly performed by shear crushing.

Therefore, the material to be crushed is intended to be of a relatively small shape such as a cassette cylinder or a spring of a mattress bed. The rotation speed of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 may have a predetermined rotation ratio, for example, as the second shaft 10 RPM and the first shaft 2 RPM.

When the small crushed material is charged, the crushed material is crushed by a crushing blade 1 like a conventional low-speed two-shaft shear crusher.
It is sheared and crushed in one space. Since the crushing blades 11 to 11 are rotating close to each other with a slight gap therebetween, a large crushed object does not fall down between the blades without being crushed.

In this case, the crushing blade 16 of the wing plate 15 is, as shown by the solid line in FIG.
1, it is located close to a slight gap similar to the crushing blade 11 of the first shaft 7.

Therefore, even if a crushed object that is not sufficiently crushed between the second shaft 8 and the first shaft 7 is generated, the second shaft 8 and the first shaft 7
Are rotated inwardly toward each other, so that the crushed material to be dropped is lifted by the knife edge 12 of the crushing blade 11 of the first shaft 7 while the crushing blade 1 of the second shaft 8 is lifted.
Wing plate 15
Crushing is performed between the crushing blade 16 and the crushing blade 16. The small crushed material sufficiently crushed in this manner slides down on the wing plate 15 and falls to the discharge port 6.

On the other hand, a coil or a string may be wound around one of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8, and the rotation of the shaft may be overloaded. In that case, the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 are driven in reverse. At the time of the reverse rotation, the comb blade 18 protrudes from the support body 17 to loosen the winding of the coil or the like or to remove the stuck object. The fixed blade 13 prevents the object to be crushed from falling between the side wall 2 and the rotating blade of the first shaft 7 during the reverse rotation.

Next, it is assumed that a large object to be crushed, such as a case of a washing machine or a refrigerator, or an automobile body, is thrown into the slot 4 from the chute 3. In this case, FIG.
As shown in (1), the distance between the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 is set largely apart. To move the distance between the axes, the cylinder 33 shown in FIG. 3 is driven to move the movable table 34 so that the crushing blades 11 of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 slightly overlap each other.

The knife edges 12 of the crushing blades 11 of the first and second ripper wheels 10 are opposite to each other in a portion where they overlap, and are pulled by the crushing blades 11 of the ripper wheel 10 of the second shaft 8 that rotates rapidly. And the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8
The object to be crushed, which is bitten by the crushing blade 11 of the second shaft 8, is crushed by the crushing blade 11 of the first shaft 7 having a lower peripheral speed.
Torn, where the first crushing takes place. Thus, the ripper wheel 1 of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8
The crushed material that has passed through the interval 0 is the ripper wheel 10 of the first shaft 7.
Between the wing boards 15.

The material to be crushed and crushed by the crushing blades 11 of the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 passes through a gap between the ripper wheel 10 and the wing plate 15 of the first shaft 7 and is discharged to the discharge port 6.
The large crushed material that falls through the gap but cannot pass through the gap is wound upward along the wing plate 15 by the ripper wheel 10 of the second shaft 8 rotating at a higher speed than the first shaft 7, At the same time, it goes above the second shaft 8 along the guide plate 9, is again bitten between the upper and lower ripper wheels 10 from the input port 4 side, and is crushed again.

In the case of an object to be crushed which is suitable for performing both tearing and shearing at an intermediate size such as an LPG cylinder, the above-mentioned shearing mainly and the tearing mainly For example, the center distance between the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8 is adjusted to the intermediate position.

As described above, the crushing function suitable for the property of the material to be crushed can be selected by changing the distance between the shafts and the rotation ratio of the crushing blade in accordance with the size and properties of the material to be crushed. The crushing process becomes possible.

In the above embodiment, the second shaft 8 is connected to the first shaft 7
In order to make the distance between the shafts variable, the position of the second shaft 8 is made movable by a combination of a hydraulic cylinder and a moving table. However, the first shaft 7 may be made movable or both may be made movable. It is.

It is obvious that various means other than the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder and the like can be used for the position movement.

Further, independent variable motors are provided for the first shaft 7 and the second shaft 8, and the rotation speeds of both shafts are made variable. However, the power of the common motor is distributed via the blade wheel reduction mechanism. Alternatively, the rotation ratio of both shafts may be made variable.

[0041]

As described in detail above, the crushing machine of the present invention is capable of changing the distance between two parallel shafts having a crushing blade having a trapezoidal cross- section in the diameter direction to vary the size and properties of the material to be crushed. The distance between the shafts is set accordingly, so that large-sized bulky debris is expanded and the main shaft is broken mainly by tearing, and small-sized debris is reduced in the distance between the shafts so that the crushing blades have a small gap between the crushing blades. , Which enables crushing mainly by shearing, and in the middle, the optimal crushing function can be selected according to the size and properties of the object to be crushed, such as adjusting the center distance etc. to the intermediate position. This has the advantage that efficient crushing can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a main sectional view of a crusher of an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a developed plan view of the above.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an inter-axis distance adjusting unit according to the first embodiment;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing chamber 2 Side wall 3 Chute 4 Input port 4D discharge port 6 Crushing blade 7 1st axis 8 2nd axis 9 Guide plate 10 Ripper wheel 11 Crushing blade 12 Knife edge 13 Fixed blade 15 Wing plate 16 Crushing blade 17 Supporting body 18 Comb blade 21 Hydraulic cylinder

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-68906 (JP, A) JP-A 61-118647 (JP, U) JP-B 55-23668 (JP, B2) JP-B 59-88 14191 (JP, Y2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B02C 18/00-18/44

Claims (1)

(57) [Scope of request for utility model registration] 1. A crushing chamber having an inlet and an outlet for a material to be crushed, a first shaft and a second shaft each having a crushing blade on the outer periphery are arranged in parallel with each other at a lower portion of the first shaft, and both shafts have inlets. And the rotation speeds of both shafts are respectively variable. The crushing blade is a protruding blade having a trapezoidal cross section in a diametric direction , and the first shaft and the second shaft are each a bearing or one of them. A crusher in which the bearing of one shaft is freely movable and the distance between both shafts is variable.