EP3566777B1 - Shaft grinder - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shaft grinder according to the preamble of claim 1.

Corresponding wave shredders are for example from EP 3 248 687 A1 known. The known shaft shredder is a two-shaft shredder and has shredding shafts with shredding tools located on them, surrounding the shaft in the circumferential direction and spaced apart in the axial direction. The two shafts are arranged with axes of rotation running parallel to one another in such a way that they mesh with one another, in that the comminuting tools of one shaft dip into the spaces between the comminuting tools of the other shaft.

As a rule, depending on the application, there are shaft shredders with two shredding shafts that work asynchronously, ie there is no defined relationship between the speeds of the shredding shafts and their direction of rotation. Such a wave crusher is off, for example DE 39 27 376 A1 known. On the other hand, there are applications in which a synchronous operation of the shredding shafts is advantageous. So are out EP 1 593 435 A1 and US 2005/036925 A1 Known shaft shredders in which two shafts are synchronized with one another by a gear transmission. So far, separate shaft shredders have been required for both applications.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a wave crusher of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the disadvantages described are avoided or at least reduced.

This object is achieved by a shaft shredder having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are found in the dependent claims. According to the invention, a shaft shredder is provided with a machine frame and a shredding unit which comprises at least two shredding shafts mounted therein and driven by a drive, a material feed area being formed adjacent to the shredding unit. This twin-shaft shredder can be designed as described above. According to the invention, the shaft shredder comprises a shaft coupling device which is set up in such a way that it switches from a synchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts are moved in a defined speed ratio with opposite direction of rotation, and an asynchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts are moved in any direction of rotation and without a defined speed ratio , is switchable. In this way, the shaft shredder can be adapted to emerging requirements with regard to the shredding process.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the shaft coupling device has a displaceable or pivotable pinion in order to switch from synchronous mode to asynchronous mode to effect. Such a pinion can be moved in a simple manner by any drive or by hand from a synchronous position in which the two shafts are coupled to one another into an asynchronous position.

For all of the embodiments presented here, whenever drives are used, any type of drive can of course be meant.

The drive unit for the shredding shafts can preferably be diesel-hydraulic or electro-hydraulic.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention it is provided that the shaft shredder according to the invention has gear devices coupled or couplable to the shredding shafts, arranged on the drive side or on the side of the shredding shafts opposite the drive side, in particular comprising the shaft coupling device. Transmission devices are to be understood in such a way that they include any type of coupling of a shaft with the drive. There can be meshing gears as well as belt drives or chain drives. Each shredding shaft preferably has a separate gear.

Another embodiment of a shaft shredder not claimed here has a machine frame and a shredding unit. The latter comprises at least one shredding shaft mounted in it and driven by a drive. A material feed area is formed adjacent to the shredding unit and comprises a plurality of side walls. This material feed area is to be understood in particular to mean that it lies outside the coverage area of the shredding unit or the shredding shaft. In particular, the comminution area can be arranged above or above the at least one comminution shaft in relation to the direction of gravity.

It is provided that at least one of the side walls can be brought from a position of use into a maintenance position, in particular foldable or slidable. This preferably applies to a plurality of the side walls, in particular all of the side walls can be designed in this way. A side wall within the meaning of the invention can initially be any component which is suitable for laterally delimiting the material feed area. First of all, it does not matter whether such a side wall is arranged vertically or runs at an angle to the horizontal. In particular, a component which is commonly referred to as a tilting hopper can also be a side wall in the sense of the invention, provided that this tilting hopper delimits the material feed area.

It is preferably provided that at least one side wall arranged at the end face in relation to the axial direction of the shredding shaft can be brought into a maintenance position, in particular foldable or displaceable. Front side walls are those walls which are not arranged parallel to the longitudinal sides of a shredding shaft, but transversely to the longitudinal extent of the shredding shaft, in particular in the region of its end sections, and in particular essentially above the shredding shaft.

What is achieved in this way is that the coupling areas, including those areas in which the shredding shaft is coupled to a coupling section on the machine side, are exposed. In the maintenance position, the bearing and / or coupling areas of the at least one shredding shaft are accessible. In this way it is possible to remove the shredding shaft in the maintenance position from the machine frame and preferably upwards, i.e. in particular perpendicular to the direction of gravity, to be excavated from the crushing area without having to laboriously dismantle parts of the crushing area or partially or completely dismantle walls.

It is particularly advantageous if the at least one shredding shaft can be dismantled from the shredding housing in a predominantly vertical direction at each end of the shredding shaft by means of a releasable, form-fitting coupling, in particular a screwable flange coupling, and the bearings of the shafts remain on or in the shredding housing. Of course, other forms of coupling are also conceivable.

To improve the material feed it can be provided that a wall of the material feed area as, in particular the drive of the shredding shaft (at least in the position of use) is designed to at least partially cover the tilting funnel. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a wall, in particular the one designed as a tilting funnel, can be moved, in particular displaced, in particular at least substantially horizontally, in such a way that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling is released for maintenance purposes. Alternatively or in addition to this, it can be provided that one of the side walls of the material feed area can be moved, in particular pivoted or essentially horizontally displaced, so that the space for the releasable, form-fitting coupling is released for maintenance purposes. All these measures ensure that no existing side walls have to be removed in order to carry out maintenance work or to remove a shredding shaft.

According to a further preferred embodiment, at least one re-shredding tool, in particular a breaker bar or screen basket, can be arranged below or below the at least one shredding shaft, in particular in relation to the direction of gravity. The re-shredding tool can preferably be raised or lowered essentially in the vertical direction, in particular in relation to the direction of gravity. Raising or lowering has the advantage, on the one hand, that mechanical adjustments can be made to the material to be shredded. On the other hand, it is possible to close the re-shredding tool Move away from the shredding shafts for maintenance purposes. According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided in particular that the re-shredding tool can be moved out of the shaft shredder after it has been lowered. Preferably, after lowering the re-shredding tool, the same can be moved out of the machine frame approximately laterally in the manner of a drawer. Of course, the device can also be designed in such a way that it provides this on the end face of the wave crusher. Preferably, the shaft shredder has inspection flaps, which are located below or below the shredding shafts and make the subsequent shredding tool accessible, for removing the re-shredding tool.

The shaft shredder is preferably a twin-shaft shredder which comprises two shredding shafts which are arranged next to one another, in particular with axes of rotation arranged parallel to one another. In the context of the invention, adjacent does not necessarily mean a horizontal alignment and a parallel alignment of the two shredding shafts. Side by side only means that the two shredding shafts are arranged in spatial proximity. Thus, a V-shaped configuration of the two shredding shafts can be understood as well as an arrangement in which the two shafts, viewed in the direction of gravity, are arranged vertically offset from one another in the manner of a step. In this sense, all relative configurations of both shredding shafts are considered to be side by side understand. In any case, there is a juxtaposed configuration when the shredding tools on the shafts mesh with one another, i.e. the shredding tools that are arranged on the circumference of the respective shredding shaft engage at least partially in the spaces between the shredding tools of the other shredding shaft.

According to a particular embodiment, a shaft shredder with a machine frame and a shredding unit is provided, which comprises two shredding shafts which are arranged side by side, the shredding shafts being driven by at least one drive and a material feed area being formed adjacent to the shredding unit, which includes a plurality of side walls , wherein the shaft shredder, which is in particular designed as described above, comprises at least one, in particular driven, pressing device. The pusher device comprises, for example, an elongated, in particular cylindrical, pusher element, the longitudinal axis of which preferably runs parallel to the axes of rotation of the shredding shafts. Of course, the pusher device can have a plurality of pusher elements arranged along the shredding shafts, it being possible for these to comprise, for example, spherical pusher elements instead of an elongate pusher element.

With the help of this pressing device, light, bulky or voluminous parts in the material to be shredded, which otherwise would not be caught by the two shredding shafts, but rather are thrown back and forth on the shafts, can be pushed into the effective area of the tools of the shredding shafts.

For this purpose, it can be provided that the pressing device can be brought, in particular pivoted, from a use state in the area of the shredding shafts, in particular in the area between and / or above the shredding shafts, into a non-use state. The state of use is that state in which the pusher device is actively involved in the shredding process. This can be done, for example, in such a way that it only presses on the material to be shredded with gravity. It is preferably provided that the pressing device is driven, i. E. actively pushes material against the shredding shafts in addition to gravity. This can take place alternately, so that a to-and-fro movement of the pusher device toward and away from the shafts is carried out. In contrast, the non-use state of the pusher device denotes the state in which, for example, new material reaches the material feed area and the pusher device is not actuated.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the pressing device is attached, in particular pivotably, to one of the side walls. Preferably it acts one of these side walls is around a side wall provided on a longitudinal side of a shredding shaft. On this, the pressing device can be pivoted from the non-use position into the use position or moved into the use position, for example via a drive, in particular by means of one or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders. In this case, the pusher device is preferably attached to a pivot lever which is pivotably mounted on the corresponding side wall at the end opposite the pusher element. The pivot lever is preferably mounted in the side wall in such a way that no opening is created in the side wall in any pivoted state of the pivot lever. This can be achieved, for example, in that a circular disk or at least one circular disk segment is rotatably mounted in the side wall with an axis of rotation parallel to the side wall, the pivot lever being attached to this circular disk segment or this circular disk. The surface, in particular the circumferential surface, of the circular disk or the circular disk segment that extends through a bearing opening in the side wall closes the bearing opening in every pivoting state.

Furthermore, an electrical controller for controlling and monitoring the mechanical, electrical and hydraulic processes and parameters of the machine can be provided in the shaft shredder according to the invention.

As far as moving the side walls is concerned, this can of course be done manually, it is of course also conceivable that one or a plurality of side walls can be moved hydraulically, electrically or mechanically. This can then be done, for example, via the controller.

The side walls, which are provided on the longitudinal sides of the shredding shaft, are preferably designed so that they can be brought close to the outer edge of the housing of the shredding unit. This provides direct access to the shredding tools on the shredding shafts and the counter combs. The counter combs are preferably attached below the longitudinal side walls in the shredding unit.

Figur 1 -

zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Wellenzerkleinerers in Beladungsstellung,

Figur 2 -

zeigt den Wellenzerkleinerer in Vorbereitung einer Wartung,

Figur 3 -

zeigt eine Detailansicht der Figur 2,

Figur 4 -

zeigt den Kopplungsbereich von Antrieb und Zerkleinerungswellen,

Figur 5 -

zeigt den Kopplungsbereich von Zerkleinerungswellen und Wellenkoppelvorrichtung,

Figur 6 -

zeigt eine Detailansicht mit geöffneten Revisionsklappen und herausgezogenem Nachzerkleinerungswerkzeug,

Figur 7 -

zeigt ein Wartungsgestell zur Aufnahme von Zerkleinerungswellen,

Figur 8 -

zeigt einen Ausschnitt der auf dem Wartungsgestell liegenden Zerkleinerungswellen,

Figur 9 -

zeigt die Nachdrückeinrichtung in Nichtgebrauchsstellung, während sich die Seitenwand in der Wartungsstellung befindet.

The invention is explained below with reference to Figures 1 - 9 explained in more detail.

Figure 1 -

shows a perspective view of a shaft shredder according to the invention in the loading position,

Figure 2 -

shows the shaft shredder in preparation for maintenance,

Figure 3 -

shows a detailed view of the Figure 2 ,

Figure 4 -

shows the coupling area of drive and shredding shafts,

Figure 5 -

shows the coupling area of shredding shafts and shaft coupling device,

Figure 6 -

shows a detailed view with open inspection flaps and pulled out re-shredding tool,

Figure 7 -

shows a maintenance frame for holding shredding shafts,

Figure 8 -

shows a section of the shredding shafts lying on the maintenance rack,

Figure 9 -

shows the pressing device in the non-use position, while the side wall is in the maintenance position.

Figure 1 shows a mobile wave shredder 1 in the loading position. This figure shows the material feed area which is arranged above the shredding unit 2 and which is formed by the side walls 4-7. The inspection flaps 12, 13 are arranged below the side wall 5 and below the shredding unit 2 comprising the shredding shafts 8, 9 (not visible here). The side walls 4, 5, 6 are designed in such a way that they can be folded outwards for maintenance purposes P1, P2, P3. On the side wall 5 is the pressing device 3, which will be discussed in more detail below.

The material to be shredded is placed in the material feed area, shredded by the shredding unit 2 and collected below it. The shredded material is transported from there to the conveyor belt shown on the right-hand side and removed by it.

Figure 2 shows the wave crusher 1 in preparation for maintenance. The side walls 4, 5, 6 are outward folded down and reveal the two shredding shafts 8, 9. The side wall 7, which can be designed as a material chute or tilting funnel, can be moved in direction X by the shredding unit 2 over the machine housing. Figure 3 shows the shredding unit 2 of FIG Figure 2 . Between the folded or pushed away side walls 4, 5, 6, 7, the shredding shafts 8, 9, which are arranged here with the longitudinal axes, for example, parallel to one another, are visible. In the axial direction, the area for the comminution is limited by shields 10, 11. The shield 10 is intended to prevent the material to be comminuted from reaching the area of the couplings facing the shaft coupling device 14.

The shield 11 is also intended to prevent the material to be comminuted from reaching the flange area facing the drive. This area is in Figure 4 shown. The shredding shafts 8, 9 are arranged with couplings 15, 16, in particular flange couplings, on the drive (not shown). The flange couplings 15, 16 are shielded from the comminution area 2 of the comminution shafts 8, 9 by the shield 11 in such a way that no comminution material can reach the flange couplings 15, 16. FIG. 5 shows the corresponding couplings 17, 18, in particular flange couplings, on the side of the shaft coupling device 14 where the shield 10 prevents the material to be comminuted from penetrating into the area of the flange couplings 17, 18.

The flange couplings 15, 16, 17, 18 can be loosened to remove the shredding shafts 8, 9 and then immediately after loosening the screw connection they can be removed in a radial direction, in particular in a vertical direction, relative to the axis of rotation. The removal of the shredding shafts 8, 9 can thus be accelerated without first having to dismantle a part of the drive or the bearing of the shredding shafts 8, 9.

Figure 6 shows a part of the shredding unit 2 with the inspection flaps 12, 13 open. The pull-out 20 with the subsequent shredding tool 19 located thereon, which in the operating state is arranged below and between the shredding shafts 8, 9, is pulled out and lowered. The re-shredding tool 19 in this exemplary embodiment is a breaker bar; However, another re-shredding tool can also be present, such as a strainer basket. In the embodiment shown, the pull-out 20 with the re-shredding tool 19 is constructed in such a way that it can be easily lifted out of the guides. The in Figure 7 Maintenance rack 21 shown are set. Two pairs of shelves 22, 23 are arranged on the maintenance rack.

For maintenance purposes, after releasing the flange couplings 15, 16, 17, 18, the shredding shafts 8, 9 can be raised. The maintenance frame 21 can be pushed into the shaft shredder 1 and positioned with the shelves 22, 23 under the shredding shafts 8, 9. Then will the maintenance frame 21 is raised and the shredding shafts rest on the shelves 22, 23 and are raised with the maintenance frame 21. Thus, the shredding shafts 8, 9 - like the Figure 8 shows - be lifted out of the shredding unit 2 and serviced. The shredding shafts 8, 9 are placed on the maintenance frame 21 above the coupling position. In the section shown, the end of the shredding shaft 9 with the flange coupling 16 lies on a shelf 22, as is also the case with the shredding shaft 8 with the flange coupling 15 on the shelves 23 (not shown). In the raised position, the shredding shafts 8, 9 are easily accessible.

With such a shaft shredder 1, the maintenance of the shredding unit 2 can be simplified and at the same time shortened, which reduces the maintenance costs.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of a further detail according to the invention of the wave crusher 1, a pressing device 3. The pressing device 3 is arranged on one of the side walls, in the example shown here on the side wall 5. In the figure, the side wall 5 is shown in the maintenance position, it is folded outwards, whereby the inside of the side wall 5 points outwards and the shredding shaft 8 is more accessible. The pressing device 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the side wall 5. In the example shown, the active part of the pressing device 3 is an elongated, cylindrical body whose cylinder axis is aligned parallel or at least approximately parallel to the axes of the shredding shafts 8, 9 is. Of course, another form of the pressing device can also be provided. It is also possible to provide a plurality of pressing elements which do not have to be elongated. The active part of the pressing device 3 is attached to a pressing lever 3a. The push-up lever 3a, in turn, is pivotably arranged on the side wall 5 via a pivoting element 3b.

In the state of use, in which the side walls 4, 5, 6, 7, as in Figure 1 are folded up, on the one hand the pusher device 3 can be pivoted up to enable loading, or on the other hand the active part of the pusher device 3 can be placed by the pivoting element 3b in a position above and between the shredding shafts 8, 9, so as to To push the material to be shredded to the shredding shafts 8, 9. To this end, the pusher lever 3a can be moved back and forth, which leads to a replenishing effect of the pusher device 3. This tamping movement of the push-up lever 3a is preferably hydraulically driven because such drives are robust and can transmit high forces. However, it is also conceivable to design the drive electromechanically, magnetomechanically, pneumatically or in another type of drive.

In order to protect the mechanism of the pressing device 3 from soiling and thus from damage, the pivoting element 3b is designed here in the form of a circular disk or circular segment disk. The area of the pivoting element 3b is that which extends from the side wall 5 protrudes into the material feed area, both on the end faces and on the cylinder surface, so that no material to be shredded can impair the function of the pivoting element 3b.

Claims (3)

1. Shaft shredder (1) with a machine frame and a shredding unit (2), which comprises at least two shredding shafts (8, 9) that are mounted therein and driven via a drive, wherein a material feed area is formed adjacent to the shredding unit (2),
   characterized in that
   the shaft shredder comprises a shaft coupling device (14), which is set up such that it can be switched from a synchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts (8, 9) are moved in opposite directions of rotation at a defined speed ratio, and an asynchronous mode, in which the shredding shafts (8, 9) are moved in each case in any desired direction of rotation and without a defined speed ratio.
2. Shaft shredder (1) according to claim 1,
   wherein the shaft coupling device has a displaceable or pivotable pinion in order to bring about the switching from the synchronous mode into the asynchronous mode.
3. Shaft shredder according to claim 1 or 2,
   wherein it further has a transmission mechanism that is or can be coupled to the shredding shafts (8, 9), is arranged on the drive side or on the side of the shredding shafts (8, 9) lying opposite the drive side, and in particular comprises the shaft coupling device.

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