EP2129515B1 - Press having a loading device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a press with a loading device, wherein the press has a press housing with a press chamber therein and with a feed opening for filling the material to be pressed, wherein the feed device has at least one tine-occupied, rotatable rotor roll, which immediately before or in the feed opening of the Press is arranged, and wherein the charging device has a rotor roller upstream of the loading space.

To reduce the transport volume of recyclable materials, the use of balers is very common. These are used, for example, to press cardboard, films or similar packaging material. Commercial companies often use so-called vertical balers. These usually consist of three fixed side walls, which in turn are firmly connected to a bottom plate; the fourth side wall has a lower door closing the press chamber to be opened for bale removal, and an upper door selectively opening or closing a feed opening. During operation of the press, the doors are locked. Towards the top, the test chamber is limited by the vertically adjustable pressure plate, which remains in the upper end position during the filling of the pressing chamber.

The pressing chamber can be mentally divided into a pressing and a filling area. To fill the press, the upper, the filling area occlusive door is opened and the pressed material to be pressed is entered by an operator. This door of the loading opening may also be part or portion of the lower door for the pressing chamber. The upper door as a door is pivotable either about a horizontal or about a vertical axis.

In vertical baling presses to be pressed material to be pressed is entered through this Einfüllür into the press chamber and stratified on already in the press chamber befindliches pressed material until the filling space no more space for more pressed material. Then the upper door is closed and the press is started. After completion of the press cycle, the operator can again enter pressed material into the press room. If the operator wants to fill in more than one press cycle, he has to wait for the press cycle in order to be able to continue filling. Since only smaller quantities can be refilled, the filling process sometimes takes a long time, which is time consuming and costly.

Another disadvantage is the fact that when closing the upper door still beyond the pressing chamber through the feed opening to the outside protruding pressed material either complicates the closing of the door or even prevented in the worst case, so that protruding pressed material must be taken out again.

To overcome these disadvantages, various technical solutions have been proposed to facilitate the filling of balers. Thus, in the older German patent application no. 10 2007 013 382.2 the Applicant described an apparatus for producing pressed bales, in which initially a collecting space located outside the press is filled, the content of which is then tipped into and pressed into the filling area of the baling press by means of the bottom of the collecting space formed as a swiveling plate. The swivel plate also forms the upper door of the pressing chamber.

Although this device usually provides a relief of the filling process, in practice, it comes in machines of this type but always problems. These can occur on the one hand, if the collecting space is overfilled by too large amounts of pressed material, because then the swivel plate is not completely close. Now, if the pressure plate moves down to compress the material to be pressed, then possibly penetrating through the feed opening into the pressing chamber protruding material between the press plate and door, which can lead to excessive stress on guides and drive elements of the pressure plate. On the other hand, an excessive amount of pressed material may negatively affect the bale density; in practical trials showed that, with otherwise identical parameters, there is a positive correlation between the number of press strokes and the bale density.

The DE 76 25 603 U shows a baler with a hopper and an inlet chute arranged therein for pressed material to be pressed. At the lower end of the chute, a rotary drivable rotor with fangs is arranged at a distance above a feed opening of the pressing chamber, whose primary task is to loosen the pressed material and whose secondary task is a certain crushing of the pressed material. The direction of rotation of the rotor is such that on a free side of its circumference it conveys the material to be pressed "overhead" and hurls it against the wall of the filling shaft. From there, the loosened pressed material falls by gravity down through the feed opening into the pressing chamber. An optimal, ie tight filling of the pressing chamber is not reached here; on the contrary, a particularly loose filling of the pressing chamber is produced with low density even by the targeted loosening of the material to be pressed, which increases the number of press strokes required for a pressed bale and leads to a low operating speed of the press.

The DE 26 12 483 A1 shows an extruder with a feeding device, which consists of two parallel to each other and one above the other, Inelnandreifreifenden, oppositely rotating drivable Schneldmesserwellen exists. The cutting blade shafts together form a cutting unit, which is fed via a feed table, for example with Papiergut as pressed material. The cutting material delivered by the cutter is pushed by the cutter through a discharge chute into the press chamber, where it is then compressed by a ram. Disadvantageously, two cutting blade shafts with their own bearing means and with a drive driving both shafts are required, which leads to a high technical outlay. In addition, a friction of the material to be pressed on the shaft walls, which impedes the transport of the material to be pressed through the discharge chute and which does not allow effective loading and filling of the pressing chamber is formed in the discharge chute.

The DE 34 28 693 A shows a press with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

The US 5,195,429 A shows a press in which a rotor roller is located far from a feed opening of the press between the rotor and the feed opening is a slide for the pressed material. A guide surface runs here below the rotor roller. A delivery channel between the rotor roller and the guide surface ends horizontally at the beginning of the oblique to vertical slide. In the pressing chamber of the delivery channel does not open here.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a press that avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and with the optimization and automation of the filling process of the pressing chamber is achieved. The person-dependent Bedlenaufwand should be minimized while ensuring maximum operational safety.

To solve this problem, the present invention proposes a press according to claim 1

In the case of the press according to the invention, a rotor roller occupied by feed tines and located immediately before and / or in the feed opening of the press is used to fill the press chamber. This is expediently stored on both sides of the feed opening of the press. The conveyor tines detect the pressed material to be introduced and convey it forcibly directly, in particular without an intermediate conveyor shaft or the like, into the pressing chamber. It is advantageous even causes a pre-compression of the pressed material. A first precompression takes place in the delivery channel between the rotor roller and the guide surface. A second stage of pre-compression causes the directional component of the conveyor channel, wherein the directional component points in the pressing direction of the press plate. From the conveyor channel, the pre-compacted material to be pressed in the same direction, in which later acts the pressure plate, with the force of the rotor roller in the pressing chamber. The pre-compression allows a larger amount of pressed material during insertion into the pressing chamber, which ensures a very effective operation of the press and facilitates the subsequent pressing of the pressed material in the pressing chamber. In addition, a compact design is achieved by the arrangement according to the invention, because the rotor roller is very close to the pressing chamber. Characterized in that the charging device has a rotor roller upstream of the loading space into which the pressed material to be pressed inserted or einwerfbar and from the pressed material from the rotor roller is directly conveyed into the pressing chamber, the feeding of pressed material to the press for operators easier and at the same time safe, because it makes the filling virtually impossible that the hands or arms of an operator can get into the working area of the rotor roller.

Preferably, it is further provided that the charging opening has a width which is equal to an inner width of the pressing chamber, and that a part of the rotor roller occupied by conveying tines has an axial length which is equal to the width of the charging opening measured parallel to the rotor roller. With this coordination of the dimensions of the aforementioned parts of the press and the loading device is achieved that the pressing chamber is uniformly charged over its full width with pressed material, so that an accumulation of material in a central region of the pressing chamber is avoided or at least reduced. The uniform loading of the press chamber over its full width ensures that the pressed bales produced in the press chamber, viewed over their entire cross-sectional area, receive a largely uniform and high press density. This advantageous uniformly high density of a given volume of a press bale is optimally utilized and it is accommodated a maximum possible amount of pressed material in a pressed bale. In addition, the pressed bales thus produced is formstabll without great effort to bindings, which reports an undesirable subsequent dropping and scattering of individual parts of the pressed material from the pressed bale during its storage and transport.

Further, the invention proposes that the filling space has a width measured parallel to the rotor roller, which is equal to the width of the feed opening. This ensures that the rotor roller is supplied on the input side over its full promotional length evenly to be pressed with pressed material. Here too, a contribution is made to a uniform filling of the pressing chamber seen over the cross section.

As an alternative to the aforementioned embodiment of the press, it is proposed that the filling space has a width measured parallel to the rotor roll that is greater than the width of the feed opening, and that each end face region of the rotor roll is assigned a respective lateral guide device, with which pressed material from lateral edge regions the Einfüllraums in the direction towards the inside is feasible Is. With this embodiment of the press it is achieved that pressed material is concentrated in the edge regions of the rotor roller and the charging opening by means of the lateral guide devices, so that the edge regions of the pressing bale subsequently produced in the pressing chamber receive a particularly high density. In this way, a lack of pressed material is particularly effectively prevented in lateral areas of the pressing chamber.

So that the pressed material, as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, can be guided in the direction of inward out of the lateral edge areas of the filling space as far as possible without hindrance, the rotor roll preferably has at least one tine-free circumferential section in its axial end regions in its trimming with conveying tines. The tine-free peripheral portions of the rotor roll form no Hindemis for the movement of the material to be pressed inwards, whereby the desired promotion is achieved safely.

In a first development, each guide can be designed as a passive device and be formed by a respective obliquely arranged, the rotor roll upstream guide wall. Such a baffle is a very simple component and can be installed with low manufacturing and assembly costs in the filling. The baffles can be designed as a flat walls or as curved walls running. In this case, the baffles can be designed as separate individual parts or integrally formed, in particular in one piece, with the side walls of the filling space. An associated with the filling conveyor funding ensures in its activity that the pressed material in its movement towards the rotor roller forcibly by means of the Leltplatten from the lateral edge regions of the Einfüllraums inward towards, that is towards the center of the Einfüllraums, moves and thus close the Stirnendbereichen the rotor roller is concentrated before it is detected by the rotor roller and conveyed into the pressing chamber. Alternatively, each guide device can be designed as an active device and in each case formed by a screw conveyor section arranged on the rotor roller at the end. So that the conveying effect described above is achieved from the lateral edge regions inwardly, the two screw conveyor sections are formed in opposite directions, the conveying direction of the screw conveyor sections is of course chosen so that upon rotation of the rotor roller in the conveying direction, the two screw conveyor sections at this each toward the center promote the rotor roll out. A separate drive for the active guide is not required because the already existing drive the rotor roller also takes over the drive of the active guide. If at the same time tine peripheral sections of the rotor roller are provided, then these are expedient axially inward of the screw conveyor sections.

In order to make the rotor roller stable and effective with ease of manufacture, it is provided that the conveyor tines of the rotor roller are formed on a casing tube of the rotor roller at an axial distance from each other rotationally patch-mounted, radially outwardly toothed or serrated discs.

A further embodiment provides that the filling space is formed by a box which is open at the top and at its side facing the loading opening of the press has an opening towards the rotor roller. This ensures that once introduced into the filling space pressed material can no longer unintentionally leave the outside, but safely reaches the rotor roller and is promoted by this in the press chamber. For pourable and free-flowing material to be pressed, the rotor roller is expediently arranged in the lower part of the filling space. The pressed material falls here by its own weight into the working area of the feed tines of the rotor roller and is then taken away by them.

For non-pourable or neselfähigem pressed material, it is appropriate to support the pressing material supply to the rotor roller or make compulsory. For this purpose, and to ensure particularly reliable that all pressed material introduced into the filling space reaches the working area of the rotor drum even in the case of larger filling spaces, the invention proposes that a conveying device is arranged in the filling space, with the pressed material introduced into the filling space being a press material receiving area of the rotor roller can be fed.

The filling space and the conveyor therein can be designed differently. A first embodiment provides that the filling space has a flat bottom and that the conveying device is formed by a conveying plate which can be moved linearly in the filling space by means of a power drive.

Alternatively, it is proposed that the filling space has a curved bottom in the form of a cylinder jacket section and that the conveying device is formed by a conveying plate pivotable in the filling space by means of a power drive, whose pivot axis coincides with a central axis of the cylinder jacket section.

According to a further alternative, the conveyor consists of an arrangement of one or more drivable conveyor chains.

To increase the conveying effect, the conveyor chains can be at least partially occupied with driving tools.

It is also conceivable that the conveyor consists of a driven scraper floor conveyor.

Finally, the conveyor may consist of drivable augers.

With regard to the drive of the conveyor is provided in a first, technically simpler design that the conveyor in the filling independently of the rotor roller or its rotary drive on and off and / or is adjustable in their capacity. The switching and / or adjustment of the delivery equipment may e.g. done by an operator.

A further embodiment provides that the conveyor in the filling chamber in dependence on a power consumption of the rotor roller drive or in dependence on a torque of the rotor roller and is switched on and / or adjustable in their capacity. Thus, the load of the rotor roller provides a criterion for the connection and disconnection of the conveyor, wherein at high load of the rotor roller, the conveyor switched off or alternatively their performance is reduced, while at low load on the rotor roller, the conveyor switched on or their performance is increased. Thus, the load of the rotor roller can be kept automatically, for example by means of an electronic control unit, in an optimal range.

For a wirtschafülchen operation of a press, it is desirable that the loading of the pressing chamber always takes place quickly and effectively to avoid unwanted temporal variations in loading and to ensure high efficiency of the press, even with difficult to be conveyed pressed material. Contributing to this is an embodiment of the press, which is characterized in that above the conveyor at a distance to this and in Pressgutförderrichtung seen before the rotor roller, an auxiliary conveyor is arranged, which on the top of the conveyed with the conveyor to be conveyed a promotional effect or a compressive effect or has a promoting and compressing effect. Hereby, it is advantageously achieved that the pressed material conveyed in the direction of the rotor roll is reliably captured by the rotor roll and conveyed into the pressing chamber of the press, without it being possible for unwanted slipping or falling back of pressed material from a press-receiving area of the rotor roll. The auxiliary conveying device, in conjunction with the conveying device in the filling space, ensures that the pressed material is forcibly conveyed to the rotor roller, without the material to be pressed being able to move in any direction. In this way, a very uniform and constant high promotion of pressed material is achieved in the pressing chamber, which contributes to a high efficiency of the press.

In a further development, the invention proposes that the auxiliary conveying device is formed by at least one conveying roller. With this conveyor roller can be exercised in a technically simple and reliable manner, the desired conveying effect and / or compression effect on the top of the conveyed from the conveyor to the rotor roller pressed material.

In order for the conveying roller to be able to reliably exert its desired conveying effect on the material to be compacted, it is further provided that the conveying roller has on its circumference a structured surface and / or surface provided with a friction-increasing covering, in particular a rubber coating.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the structure of the surface of the conveyor roller is formed by conveyor bars or conveyor fingers or conveyor tines With such a structure, the desired conveying action can be reliably exerted on the pressed material to be conveyed to the rotor roller. In addition, a compressing effect on the pressed material can be exerted with the conveying roller so that it can be conveyed more easily from the rotor roller into the pressing chamber of the press due to precompression.

Alternatively, the structure of the surface of the conveying roller can be formed by a corrugated or zigzag-shaped conveying roller shell, viewed in the circumferential direction of the conveying roller. Even with such a structure, the desired conveying effect and / or compression effect can be achieved.

As an alternative to a conveyor roller, according to the invention the auxiliary conveyor device can also be formed by at least one conveyor belt. Also, with the auxiliary conveyor designed as a conveyor belt, the desired conveying effect and / or compression effect can be exerted on the pressed material conveyed by the conveyor to the rotor roller in a technically simple and operationally reliable manner.

A further embodiment proposes that the conveyor belt forming the auxiliary conveyor device has a length which is less than half the conveying length of the conveyor device. This ensures that a sufficiently large area of the top of the loading space for the insertion or loading of pressed pieces is kept free. Deteriorating or obstructing the introduction of the pressed material into the filling space is thus excluded.

Furthermore, the invention proposes that the conveyor belt forming the auxiliary conveying device forms an acute angle with the distance of the conveyor belt from the conveying device which becomes smaller in the direction of the material to be conveyed in the material to be conveyed. The way in which the material to be pressed passes through as it is being conveyed onto the rotor roller is thus becoming increasingly narrow in the conveying direction, as a result of which a desired precompression of the material to be pressed is achieved. In addition, the friction of the material to be pressed on the conveyor belt is increased in this way, which ensures a reliable conveying effect of the conveyor belt on the pressed material. If the conveyor in the loading space also by a conveyor belt is formed, the conveying effect is increased by the precompression of the material to be pressed and on the side of the conveyor belt forming the conveyor.

Preferably, it is further provided that the conveying device and the auxiliary conveying device can be driven at the same conveying speed. In this way, unnecessary friction of the conveyor or the auxiliary conveyor on the pressed material is avoided. As a result, dust formation and noise emission of the press can be reduced.

A further embodiment proposes that the conveyor and the auxiliary conveyor have a common, branching drive. Thus, the mechanical construction of the drive of the conveyor and the auxiliary conveyor is kept simple and compliance with a same conveying speed of conveyor and Hitfsfördereinrichtung is ensured here with little effort.

In order to be able to adapt the press and in particular the loading device to different types and properties of press products as simply as possible, the invention proposes that the auxiliary conveyor be adjustable in position relative to the conveyor at least in the vertical direction. By adjusting the position of the auxiliary conveyor an adaptation to different pressings can be done quickly and easily, in particular by experiments. Thus, regardless of the type of each processed material to be processed always optimal operation of the feeder and thus the press can be achieved overall.

Further, the invention provides that the auxiliary conveyor is detachably connected via iösbare connecting means with the rest of the loading device. In this embodiment, the feeder can be optionally equipped with or without auxiliary conveyor and operated, which facilitates the production of different versions of the press at the manufacturer. For press products that do not require the use of an auxiliary conveyor, a design is sufficient without the auxiliary conveyor; if a difficult-to-convey pressed material to be processed, the otherwise unchanged loading device is equipped with the additional auxiliary conveyor. Also a subsequent Changing the press from one version to the other version when or by the user of the press is possible here.

For the purpose of reliable conveying of the material to be compacted by means of the rotor roller, the above-mentioned, cooperating in a workspace of the rotor roller with the conveyor tines guide surface is provided, wherein the product to be conveyed by means of the conveyor tines between the guide surface and an outer circumference of the rotor roller or a jacket tube of the rotor roller is conveyed. The guide surface ensures that the material to be pressed can not escape the conveyor tines, but is reliably captured and transported by the conveyor tines by piercing or piercing the feed tines into the material to be pressed. In particular, in order to be able to adapt the charging device to different products to be pressed with different properties, the invention proposes that the guide surface and the rotor roller are variable in their distance from one another. For this purpose, the guide surface or the rotor roller can be kept adjustable in a suitable guide; Also, both the guide surface and the rotor roller can be kept adjustable in a respective guide. For example, there is the possibility not fixedly attach the bearings of the rotor roller to a press frame, but they vertically vertically adjustable over a predeterminable range or vertically pivotable, so that thereby the distance between the rotor roller and the guide surface can be increased or decreased.

In order to increase the conveying effect and to achieve a pre-compaction, slots are expediently provided in the guide surface, into which the conveyor tines dive at least over part of their length during rotation of the rotor roller. The conveyor tines can then pierce the compact completely without colliding with the guide surface.

In order to keep the production of the guide surface easy and cheap to carry out repairs if necessary, the guide surface is preferably made of individual set at a distance from one another baffles.

In terms of a good pre-compression of the material to be pressed, it is advantageous if the guide surface is bent and the bending radius of the guide surface, at least in a Pressgutabgabebereich, the bending radius of a jacket tube of the rotor roller is approximated.

Preferably, it is further provided that the bending radius of the guide surface seen in Pressgutförderrichtung from a filling-space side beginning of the guide surface to its presskammerseitigem end steadily reduced. Hereby, a gap between the rotor roller and the guide surface in the conveying direction of the material to be pressed uniformly narrower, which favors the pre-compression of the material to be pressed and advantageously evened out the load on the rotor roller and its drive.

To signal a disturbing setting of pressed material on the rotor roller, at least one scraper arrangement cooperating with the conveying tines of the rotor roller is expediently provided on the loading device. The wiper assembly may e.g. be formed by between the conveyor tines bearing or forming discs of the rotor roller protruding, stationary Abstreiffinger. The scraper assembly is used in particular to strip the zugeförderte pressed material from the conveyor tines in the area of the feed opening of the baler and hineinzuleiten it into the press chamber. Of subsequent further pressed material which stripped in the immediate region of the Baschickungsöffnung of the rotor roller pressed material is then pushed further into the pressing chamber. In a vertical press, the press plate is located above the feed opening in the press chamber.

In order for the pressed material conveyed into the pressing chamber to be reliably discharged there from the rotor roll, it is provided that the wiper arrangement forms a cage around the rotor roll and that the rotor roll with its conveying tines covers a range of approximately 40 to 60% of its circumference in the region for delivering the product , Peripheral area runs within this cage. This ensures that the feed tines are within the cage in the pressed product delivery area and can no longer engage with the pressed material, so that the pressed material is thus forcibly separated from the conveyor tines by the wiper assembly. In contrast, the conveying tines are free in the area where the product is picked up and can effectively engage the material to be pressed there.

In order to keep the production simple with regard to the wiper assembly and in order to be able to carry out repairs as needed, the wiper arrangement preferably consists of individual spaced-apart wipers. there the individual scrapers are preferably screwed in order to replace them easily.

An alternative embodiment proposes that the scraper assembly is formed by stripping tines, which are attached to a holding device and which cooperate with the conveying tines, the surface of the conveying tines and the surface of the stripping tines forming an angle of preferably 90 ° with each other. This embodiment has the particular advantage that the rotor roller seen in its circumferential direction has a particularly large work area and detects the promotional to be pressed particularly aggressive and thus particularly effective and promotes. In addition, the scraper assembly in the form of Abstreifzinken advantageous easy to install.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the conveyor tines have a length such that at a maximum adjustable distance between the guide surface and the rotor roller, the conveyor tines of the rotor roller just barely dive into the slots. Thus, even with the largest adjustable distance still safe conveying of the material to be pressed by means of the rotor roller and your conveyor tines guaranteed and disturbances in the Pressgutförderung be avoided

In the other direction, it is provided that a minimum distance between the guide surface, on the one hand, and the rotor roller or a jacket tube of the rotor roller, on the other hand, approaches zero in a press chamber-side press material delivery zone. Hereby, the possibility is created to prevent a promotion of pressed material from the filling into the pressing chamber by adjusting the minimum distance, especially when reaching a maximum filling of the pressing chamber. The minimum distance approaching zero prevents further conveying of pressed material from the filling space into the pressing chamber, even when the rotor roller continues to rotate, while at the same time the further rotating rotor roller transports the remaining pressed material still in its engagement area into the pressing chamber. After a certain follow-up time of the rotor roller after setting the minimum distance between the rotor roller and the guide surface So the working area of the rotor roller is free of pressed material. In particular, then no more pressed material from the engagement region of the rotor roller protrude into the pressing chamber, Thus, the press plate must not cut or shear in the pressing of the crop in the region of the feed opening, resulting in an undesirably high and in the long run damaging load on the press. Next can be achieved in this way a maximum pre-compression of the material to be pressed. It has proved to be advantageous in this case to design the charging device such that at the minimum distance setting, the scrapers surrounding a cylindrical jacket tube of the rotor roller rest directly on the guide surface. Since the guide surface is slotted in the range of movement of the conveyor tines, the conveyor tines can pierce down through the baffle.

In order to adjust the scraper assembly as needed or readjust in case of wear, it is provided that the scraper assembly is variable in their distance from the guide surface or in their distance from the rotor roller or in both said intervals.

If, in addition to conveying and pre-compacting, crushing of the material to be pressed is also desired in the loading device, then fixed cutting blades interacting with the conveying tines can be arranged on the guide surface and / or on the wiper arrangement, by means of which the material to be pressed can be cut or sliced

To enhance the aforementioned cutting action, at least a portion of the feed tines may be formed as a cutting blade, or cutting blades may be provided on the rotor roll in addition to the feed tines, which cooperate with the fixed cutting blades.

In order to complete the filling of pressed material into the pressing chamber, regardless of whether the material to be pressed in the filling or not defined, according to the invention, a retaining element is provided, which separates between a filling space from the press-receiving area of the rotor roller blocking position and a filling space with the Pressgutannahmebereich the rotor roller connecting the release position is adjustable. In the blocking position, a further supply of pressed material to the rotor roller is prevented, so that the rotor roller can convey the still in their acceptance area and work area located pressed material completely in the press room before the rotation of the rotor roller is turned off. In this way, no parts of the material to be pressed can remain in the charging opening and protrude into the pressing chamber, which would disturb the pressing operation of the press.

In concrete embodiment, the retaining element is preferably a retaining plate or a retaining grid or a retaining comb and slidable or pivotable or hinged in front of the rotor roller.

For adjusting the retaining element this is expediently provided with a power drive, e.g. with a hydraulic cylinder.

The press itself can be designed differently; it is preferably a baling press or a briquetting press or part of a press container.

Figur 1

eine Presse mit einer Beschickungseinrichtung mit einer vorgeschalteten Fördereinrichtung, in vertikal geschnittener Gesamtansicht,

Figur 2

die Presse mit der Beschickungseinrichtung mit einer alternativen Fördereinrichtung, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 3a

die Beschickungseinrichtung aus Figur 1 und Figur 2 für sich, in einer ersten Ansicht,

Figur 3b

die Beschickungseinrichtung aus Figur 1 und Figur 2 für sich, in einer zweiten Ansicht,

Figur 4a

die Beschickungseinrichtung aus Figur 1 und Figur 2 für sich in einem ersten Betriebszustand, im Querschnitt,

Figur 4b

die Beschickungseinrichtung in einer geänderten Ausführung, in gleicher Darstellungsweise wie in Figur 4a

Figur 5

die Beschickungseinrichtung aus Figur 4a in einem zweiten Betriebszustand, im Querschnitt,

Figur 6

die Beschickungseinrichtung mit vorgeschalteter Fördereinrichtung in geänderter Ausführung in einem ersten Betriebszustand, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 7

die Beschickungseinrichtung mit vorgeschalteter Fördereinrichtung aus Figur 6 in einem zweiten Betriebszustand, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 8

die Beschickungseinrichtung mit vorgeschalteter Fördereinrichtung in einer Ausführung als für sich allein einsetzbare Vorrichtung, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 9

eine Presse mit Beschickungseinrichtung und Einfüllraum in einer Ausführung, in einem Horizontalschnitt in Höhe der Beschickungseinrichtung,

Figur 10

die Presse mit Beschickungseinrichtung und Einfüllraum in einer Ausführung, in gleicher Darstellungsweise wie in Figur 9,

Figur 11

die Presse mit Beschickungseinrichtung in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 12

die Presse mit Beschickungseinrichtung in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 13

die Presse mit Beschickungseinrichtung in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung, im Vertikalschnitt,

Figur 14

die Beschickungseinrichtung für sich in einer geänderten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführun, in perspektivischer Ansicht, und

Figur 15

die Beschickungseinrichtung aus Figur 14, nun in einem Vertikalschnitt.

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing. The figures of the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a press with a loading device with an upstream conveyor, in a vertically sectioned overall view,

FIG. 2

the press with the loading device with an alternative conveyor, in vertical section,

FIG. 3a

the loading device FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 per se, in a first view,

FIG. 3b

the loading device FIG. 1 and Figure 2 itself, in a second view,

FIG. 4a

the loading device FIG. 1 and Figure 2 by itself in a first operating state, in cross-section,

FIG. 4b

the charging device in a modified version, in the same representation as in FIG. 4a

FIG. 5

the loading device FIG. 4a in a second operating state, in cross section,

FIG. 6

the charging device with upstream conveyor in a modified version in a first operating state, in vertical section,

FIG. 7

the loading device with upstream conveyor off FIG. 6 in a second operating state, in vertical section,

FIG. 8

the charging device with upstream conveyor in an embodiment as a self-employed device, in vertical section,

FIG. 9

a press with loading device and filling chamber in one embodiment, in a horizontal section at the level of the loading device,

FIG. 10

the press with loading device and filling space in one embodiment, in the same representation as in FIG. 9 .

FIG. 11

the press with loading device in an embodiment according to the invention, in vertical section,

FIG. 12

the press with loading device in an embodiment according to the invention, in vertical section,

FIG. 13

the press with loading device in an embodiment according to the invention, in vertical section,

FIG. 14

the charging device per se in an amended Ausführun inventive, in perspective view, and

FIG. 15

the loading device FIG. 14 , now in a vertical section.

FIG. 1 shows a vertical baler 20 with a prefabricated loading device 1. To be compressed compacted material in the form of Pressgutstücken, such as empty cardboard or the like, are filled in a through side walls 2 'limited filling 2. At the bottom 11 of this filling space 2, a conveyor 5 is provided, which conveys the filled Pressgutstücke towards a rotor tines 4 occupied with feed tines 3. The conveyor 5 of the filling space 2 is by a Power drive, which can be designed as a hydraulic or electric motor and which optionally cooperates with a gear, drivable and switched on and off and / or made adjustable in its performance. Switching on or off or adjusting the power can be done independently; Preferably, however, the switching on and off or power adjustment of the conveyor 5 of the filling space 2 takes place depending on the torque or current consumption of the rotor roller 4 driving force drive.

Im in FIG. 1 example shown, the conveyor 5 consists of circulating conveyor chains, which in turn still wholly or partially with driving tools, such as at one point in FIG. 1 indicated tines 6, can be occupied. These conveyor chains and the driving tools mounted on them capture the filled pressed material. These items to be pressed are conveyed in the direction of the rotor tines 4 occupied by the conveyor tines 3 during operation of the conveyor 5. As soon as the items to be pressed are in the range of movement of the feed tines 3 of the rotor roller 4, they are detected by the feed tines and taken in the direction of rotation D of the rotor roller 4.

If the conveyor tines 3 have detected the pressed material, then they take it along in the conveying direction. The drive of the rotor roller 4 is effected by a power drive, such as hydraulic motor, which in turn drives a reduction gear, which is positively connected to a central shaft 13 of the rotor roller 4. Instead of hydraulically, the rotor roller 4 can also be driven by an electric geared motor.

The rotor roller 4 conveys the material to be compacted by a gap space between the rotor roller outer periphery and a lying below the rotor roller 4 guide surface 10 and through a feed opening 24 in a filling region 26 of the press 20. As long as not much pressed material is filled, the pressed material falls from the filling area 26 down and so gradually fills the pressing chamber 22 of the press 20. When the pressing chamber 22 is filled, the rotor roller 4 is stopped and fed no further pressed material more and a pressing operation is performed. For this purpose, the press plate 23 is moved from its upper rest position in FIG. 1 by means of a power drive, here two hydraulic cylinders, downwards, wherein the material to be pressed is compressed in the press chamber 22. After retraction of the press plate further pressed material can be conveyed by means of the rotor roller 4 in the pressing chamber 22, after which again a pressing operation takes place. This procedure is repeated until a pressed bale of desired size is present. The pressed bale produced in the baler 20 from the supplied pressed material is then tied and finally removed from the baling press 20.

FIG. 2 again shows the press 20 with loading device 1, but now with an alternative conveyor 5 in the filling space 2. This alternative conveyor 5 consists of two conveyor belts 14 and 15. The press material pieces 16 to be pressed are placed here on the lower conveyor belt 15. If it is flat pressed pieces, then they are fed directly to the Pressgutannahmebereich 7 of the rotor roller 4, detected by the conveyor tines 3 and conveyed into the filling area 26 of the baler 20.

Spatially extended pressed pieces, such. Large cardboard boxes are detected by the above the lower conveyor belt 15 mounted upper conveyor belt 14, which runs at an arbitrary angle, but preferably at an acute angle to the lower conveyor belt 15, and conveyed through the narrowest point between the two conveyor belts 14, 15. In this case, larger boxes are flattened and own so better for acceptance by the feed tines 3 of the rotor roller. 4

Instead of the conveyor belts 14, 15, other conveying means are conceivable, e.g. Worm rollers or scraper belt conveyors, which are not shown here separately.

The FIGS. 3a and 3b each show the charging device 1 in an enlarged view. Its central element is the rotor roller 4, which consists of the central shaft 13 and the concentric jacket tube 17 and which is provided on both sides with not visible here journal. The jacket tube 17 is occupied at its outer periphery with the discs 17 'with the conveyor tines 3. These conveyor tines 3 are formed here on the radially outer contours of the welded on the casing tube 17 discs 17 '.

The rotor roller 4 in turn runs in a cage, which is formed from a scraper assembly 19. The scraper assembly 19 is formed here of individual strip-shaped, spaced apart at a distance scrapers. In the Pressgutannahmebereich 7 of the outer movement radius R of the tines 3 extends outside the Abstreiferanordnung 19, ie here protrude the feed tines 3 out of this scraper assembly 19 and take the pressed material.

In Pressgutabgabebereich 9, the scraper assembly 19 is formed so that the outer movement radius R of the prongs 3 extends into the inner region of the cage. In the Pressgutabgabebereich 9, which is located in the feed opening of the press, the scraper assembly 19 strips the pressed material from the conveyor tines 3 from.

Figure 4a and Figure 4b each show a section through two different embodiments of the charging device. 1

The area in which the pressed material is conveyed on by the rotor roller 4 can, as indicated by corresponding reference numerals in FIG. 4a indicated, functionally divided into a Pressgutannahmebereich 7, a conveyor channel 8 and a 9 pressed product delivery area. In the press material receiving area 7, the feed tines 3 initially press the pressed material in the direction of a guide surface 10 arranged below the rotor roller 4, for example a guide plate. The pressed material is clamped in this area between the conveyor tines 3 and the guide surface 10 and taken in the conveying direction. The conveyor tines 3 are each provided with a sharp tip 3 'so that they can better press into the pressed material to be conveyed.

The guide surface 10 closes in the Pressgutannahmebereich 7 directly to the equipped with the conveyor 5 bottom of the filling space 2 at. So that it does not come to a pressure jam, the guide surface 10 is slightly lower than the surface of the conveyor 5 of the filling space 2. While the guide surface 10 in the Pressgutannahmebereich 7 still another of the radius R, the tips of the prongs 3, deviating contour approaches approaches the radius of the guide surface 10 in the course of Delivery channel 8 first to the movement radius R of the tine tips. In the further course of the conveying channel 8, in particular in the pressed product delivery area 9, on the other hand, the radius of the guide surface 10 becomes smaller than the movement radius R of the tine tips 3.

In the area in which the radius of movement R of the tips of the tines 3 is greater than the radius of the guide surface 10, the guide surface 10 is provided with slots 12, in which the tines 3 can dip.

The conveyor tines 3 are in FIG. 4a at the radially outer edge of discs 17 'are formed, which are welded to a jacket tube 17 of the rotor roller 4. Alternatively, according to FIG. 4b also conceivable that the conveyor tines 3 as individual tine components 18, which are welded to the casing tube 17, are formed.

FIG. 4b also shows how the tines 3 with their tips in each of them associated slots 12 of the guide surface 10 can dive. It can also be seen how the tips of the prongs 3 retract during the rotation of the rotor roller 4 from the scraper assembly 19, whereby the pressed material 16 entrained by them is stripped off.

Next illustrate the FIGS. 4a and 4b in that here the rotor roller 4 is mounted vertically adjustable together with the scraper arrangement 19. In FIG. 4a takes the rotor roller 4 a moved up position in which the tines 3 just reach the guide surface 10. In FIG. 4b the rotor roller 4 is lowered as far as possible. In this position, the scraper assembly 19 abuts against the guide surface 10 and the delivery channel 8 is thus closed. Another promotion of pressed material in the delivery channel 8 is now no longer possible, but already in the conveyor channel 8 befindliches pressed material can still be promoted to the Pressgutabgabebereich 9. This ensures that in a pressing operation no pressing material protrudes from the loading device 1 in the press chamber of the press. As a result, an unfavorably high load on the press, as would occur in a shearing of pressed material, avoided.

Finally, the show FIGS. 4a and 4b a retaining element 19 ', which between a release position according to FIG. 4a and a retaining or locking position according to FIG. 4b is adjustable. For this purpose, the retaining element 19 'is designed plate-shaped and mounted pivotably about its upper edge. In its release position, the retaining element 19 'is pivoted in the direction of the rotor roller 4 and allows free access of the material to be pressed in the press intake area 7. In its blocking position, the retaining element 19' approximately vertically downwards and prevents access of pressed material in the Pressgutannahmebereich. 7 In its lower region, the retaining element 19 'is slotted like a comb, so that it does not collide with the conveyor tines 3 in its release position.

In FIG. 5 a constructive feature of the feeder 1 is clear, which is that the distance between the tips 3 'of the conveyor tines 3 and the guide surface 10 can be reduced so far that the tine tips 3' completely immersed in the guide surface 10.

Towards the end of a filling process, when the rotor roller has to press the pressed material 16 into the filling region 26 of the baling press 20, the torque of the power drive of the rotor roller 4 increases. A control is expedient the baler 20 designed so that it registers this and then turns off the conveyor 5 of the filling 2. In order to completely interrupt the pressing material supply to the rotor roller 4, the retaining element 19 ', viewed in the conveying direction, is swung out in front of the rotor roller 4' by means of an associated power drive in the direction of the filling space 2.

The retaining element 19 'is deployed so far that it lies outside the movement radius R, which describe the outermost tine tips 3' in their rotational movement. The retaining element 19 'then protrudes so far that the tines 3 of the rotor roller 4 are no longer in engagement with in front of the retaining element 19', according to FIG FIG. 5 can get to the left of this, lying pressed material.

After the retaining element 19 'is swung out, now the rotor roller 4 is moved with the surrounding scraper assembly 19 by suitable means, for example by a hydraulic cylinder, not shown, in a lower position, as they FIG. 5 shows. In this lower position, the scraper arrangement 19 rests on the guide surface 10 at least in the region 9 for the delivery of the product. As a result, the charging device 1 is completely closed. Since the distance between the guide surface 10 and scraper assembly 19 is now minimal, 16 no more pressed material is conveyed. Due to some rotations of the rotor roller 4, only residual product 16 remaining in the delivery channel 8 is now conveyed out of the delivery channel 8 into the filling region 26 of the press 20.

For the pressing of the pressing material 16 in the baling press 20, which takes place in the next step, it is thus advantageously achieved that no material to be pressed 16 more out of the feeding device 1 into the filling region 26 of the baling press 20 survives. This caused disturbances of the pressing process and an undesirable high mechanical load on the moving parts of the baler 20 are thus avoided.

The FIGS. 6 and 7 show another embodiment of the charging device 1, each in cross section in two operating states. The charging device 1 here also comprises an open-topping filling space 2 with a conveying device 5 arranged therein, which is embodied here as a pivotable conveying plate 50 with a power drive 5 'in the form of a hydraulic cylinder. The bottom 11 of the filling space 2 has the shape of a horizontal cylinder jacket section whose horizontal central axis coincides with the pivot axis 5 "of the conveying plate 50. In FIG. 6 the delivery plate 50 is pivoted back and releases the filling space 2 for a loading of the pressed material 16 by inserting or dropping from above.

Left in FIG. 6 and 7 are the rotor roller 4 with the conveyor tines 3, the guide surface 10 and the scraper assembly 19 can be seen. The scraper assembly 19 is formed here by on the rotor roller 4, attached to a holding device Abstreifzinken which project between the conveyor tines 3 and cooperate with the conveyor tines 3, the surface of the conveyor tines 3 and the surface of the Abstreifzinken an angle of preferably 90th ° form. Further to the left, the press, not shown here, follows.

In the in FIG. 7 shown state, the delivery plate 50 of the conveyor 5 is pivoted by means of the power drive 5 'in the direction of the rotor roller 4. By this pivoting movement of the pressed material 16 in the filling space 2 of Rotor roller 4 forcibly fed so that it can be detected by the conveyor tines 3 safely and promoted in the press.

As the FIGS. 6 and 7 make clear, here are the tines 3 in the entire the filling chamber 2 facing the peripheral region of the rotor roller 4 free, which ensures an aggressive grab the tines 3 on 16 pressed material. The scraper assembly 19 is located on the side facing away from the filling chamber 2 side of the rotor roller 4 and ensures that the pressed material 16 is reliably released from the conveyor tines 3 and transferred to the press room of the press.

In addition, in the FIGS. 6 and 7 still fixed cutting blade 10 'shown, which are here connected to the guide surface 10, for example screwed, and which cooperate with the cutting teeth 3 cutting. Thus, in the loading device 1, the pressed material 16 is not only conveyed and pre-pressed, but also up and / or cut, if this additional function is needed or desired. If this function is not required, one can omit or disassemble the cutting blades 10 'from the outset.

The FIG. 8 shows the charging device 1 in an embodiment and use as a solely usable device 1 'without an associated press. The device 1 'here serves for crushing and / or emptying and / or pre-pressing of pressed material 16, for example of filled plastic containers, such as plastic bottles. The technical details correspond to the charging device 1 according to the FIGS. 6 and 7 , whose description is referenced.

The Pressgutabgabebereich 9 here a Pressgutkanal 27 downstream in the form of a bent tube through which the crushed and / or emptied and / or pre-pressed pressed material 16 a collecting or transport container 28, e.g. the direction indicated in the figure 8 carriage with wheels, can be supplied.

The Figures 9 and 10 show an embodiment of the charging device 1, with the particular high density of material in the lateral regions of the pressing chamber 22 of the associated press 20 is achieved, wherein in the sectional view of Figures 9 and 10 the lateral areas of the pressing chamber 22 are up and down.

Right in the FIG. 9 a filling space 2 is visible, which is bounded laterally by two side walls 2 '. Towards the bottom, the filling space 2 is closed by a bottom 11. In the filling 2 a not visible here conveyor is provided. By means of this conveyor can be conveyed in the filling space 2, pressed material to be pressed in the direction of the left of the filling space 2 rotor roller 4, as already described above.

On its side facing the filling space 2, the rotor roller 4 has a press-receiving area 7, in which the pressed material is grasped by the conveyor tines 3 mounted on it and rotated out of the filling space 2 when the rotor roller 4 is rotated.

To the left of the rotor roller 4, a part of the press 20 can be seen, wherein the cutting plane of the drawing extends here through the press chamber 22 of the press 20. The pressing chamber 22 is bounded by a press housing 21. The rotor roller 4 is discharged from the filling space 2 Pressed material through a feed opening 24 into a filling region 26 of the pressing chamber 22, wherein the positive conveying by means of the rotor roller 4, a pre-compression of the pressed material already takes place during the introduction into the filling region 26 of the pressing chamber 22.

In the embodiment shown here, parallel to the rotor roller 4, the pressing chamber 22 has an inner width B1 and the feed opening 24 has a width B2 matching therewith. In agreement therewith, the conveyor tines 3 occupied, promotional part of the rotor roller 4 has an axial length L, which corresponds to the widths B1 and B2.

As the FIG. 9 shows clearly, in contrast, the filling chamber 2 has a parallel to the rotor roller 4 measured width B3, which is greater than the length L and the matching widths B1 and B2. Each edge immediately before the rotor roller 4, according to the drawing figure 9 immediately to the right of the axial end portions of the rotor roller 4, a respective lateral guide 30 is provided in the filling space 2. In the example according to FIG. 9 the two guide devices 30 are formed in the filling space 2 by a respective obliquely arranged guide wall 31. These baffles 31 ensure that the pressed material to be compacted is deflected towards the rotor roller 4 from the lateral edge regions of the filling space 2 towards the center when it is generated by means of the conveying device. As a result, a concentration of pressed material is achieved in the lateral edge regions of the occupied with conveyor tines 3 part of the rotor roller 4, which then in the interior of the pressing chamber 22 pressed bales then a high density of pressed material in the lateral edge regions, ie FIG. 9 top and bottom, guaranteed. The pressed bale thus obtained over his cross-section seen parallel to the plane of the drawing a uniform, especially in the lateral edge regions high density.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10 the guide devices 30 are designed as active devices, namely here in the form of an axially on the rotor roller 4 arranged screw conveyor section 32. The screw conveyor sections 32 are here on a jacket tube 17 of the rotor roller 4 mounted, helical metal strips and are opposite to each other. Their slope direction is chosen so that upon rotation of the rotor roller 4 in the conveying direction, the two screw conveyor sections 32 cause a promotion of pressed material from the lateral edge regions of the filling space 2 and the rotor roller 4 towards the center. Also with this active guide 30 of the purpose already described above is met, namely to achieve a high density of pressed material in the lateral edge regions of the pressing chamber 22 and the baling press produced therein.

Regarding the further in FIG. 10 Parts shown on the description of FIG. 9 directed.

FIG. 11 shows in a vertical longitudinal section a press 20 for pressing pressed material, such as waste paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, films and the like. The press 20 has a press housing 21 which has a rectangular cross-section. In a press chamber 22 in the press housing 21, a pressure plate 23 is moved by means of a power drive in the vertical direction, wherein in FIG. 11 the pressure plate 23 is shown in its uppermost position at the upper end of the pressing chamber 22. In an upper region of the pressing chamber 22 is below the located in its uppermost position Press plate 23 a feed opening 24 is arranged through which to be compressed material to be pressed by means of the charging device 1 in the pressing chamber 22 can be filled.

The charging device 1 is in FIG. 11 arranged to the right of the press 20. The charging device 1 has a filling chamber 2, which is designed box-shaped with an open top, wherein in the background FIG. 11 a side wall 2 'of the filling space 2 can be seen. A bottom 11 of the filling space 2 is bent here in the form of a cylinder jacket section. A conveying device 5 arranged in the filling space 2 consists here of a conveying plate 50, which is pivotable by means of a power drive 5 'about a horizontal pivot axis 5 "running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Upon actuation of the power drive 5 ', the conveyor plate 50 is pivoted clockwise along the bottom 11, whereby it is in the loading space 2 introduced pressed material in the direction of arrow 53 to the press 20 out promotes.

Immediately in front of the feed opening 24 of the press 20, a rotor roller 4 occupied by feed tines 3 is arranged, which can be set in rotation by a drive not visible here. Above the rotor roller 4 extends a curved guide surface 10, whose distance from the rotor roller 4 is adjustable. The rotor roller 4 and the guide surface 10 together form a conveyor channel 8, through which the material to be conveyed by the conveyor 5 can be conveyed under precompression into the press chamber 22.

In addition, the charging device 1 has an auxiliary conveyor 60, which is arranged in the conveying direction of the material to be pressed in front of the rotor roller 4 and above it. In the example according to FIG. 11 the auxiliary conveyor 60 consists of a conveying roller 61, which is arranged parallel to the rotor roller 4 and which is opposite to the direction of rotation D of the rotor roller 4 drehan-drivable. The conveying roller 61 ensures that pressed material conveyed by the conveying device 5 is reliably transported into a press-receiving area 7 of the rotor roller 4 without the possibility of slippage or falling back, so that the pressed material there is securely caught by the conveying tines 3 of the rotor roller 4 and through the conveying channel 8 and the charging port 24 can be transported into the pressing chamber 22.

In the pressing chamber 22, the pressed material is pressed in a conventional manner to press bales. The pressed bales produced in the press 20 here measured in the horizontal direction and parallel to the plane of the drawing have a relatively small thickness and are therefore illustratively disc-shaped. Several, here four such partial compact bales 80.1 to 80.4 can in a press 20 downstream, in FIG. 11 to the left of the press 20 arranged storage space 25 are collected. In this storage space 25 then the Teilpressballen 80.1 to 80.4 can be summarized by means of Abbindens to a larger pressed bale 80, which is then ejected to the left from the storage space 25 or pulled out and then transported away.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 12 is the press 20 with the storage space 25 in accordance with the example according to FIG. 11 and it is therefore in this regard to the description of FIG. 11 directed. Different is in the example according to FIG. 12 in comparison to FIG. 11 the embodiment of the charging device 1. The charging device 1 according to FIG. 12 also has a filling space 2, which again has the shape of an open-topped box. The bottom 11 of the filling space 2 is here flat and is inclined and is formed by at least one conveyor belt 50 ', which here forms the conveyor 5 of the filling space 2. The conveying device 5 conveys material to be pressed into the filling space 2 in the conveying direction 53 to the rotor roller 4, which is also arranged directly in front of the loading opening 24 of the pressing chamber 22.

In addition to the conveyor 5 is also in the example according to FIG. 12 an auxiliary conveyor 60 is provided, which here according to the example according to FIG. 11 is also formed by a feed roller 61. The conveying roller 61 can also be driven here with a direction of rotation which is opposite to the direction of rotation D of the rotor roller 4. By means of the conveying roller 61 of the auxiliary conveying device 60, the pressed material conveyed by the conveying device 5 in the direction of the pressing material receiving region 7 is reliably brought into the engagement region of the rotor roller 4, which then feeds the pressing material through the conveying channel 8 between the outer circumference of the rotor roller 4 and the guiding surface 10 into the pressing chamber 22 transported. An undesired slipping back or falling back of pressed material, which is transported by means of the conveyor 5, here the conveyor belt 50 ', in the Pressgutannahmebereich 7 is reliably prevented by the feed roller 61 of the auxiliary conveyor 60. Thus, the feed device 1 in this embodiment has a high conveying effect, so that a very uniform in time Introducing a large amount of pressed material is ensured in the pressing chamber 22.

To drive the conveyor belt 50 'is a drive 51', which is suitably formed by an electric motor. To achieve a same conveying speed of the conveyor 5 and the auxiliary conveyor 60 whose drives can be coupled to each other mechanically or electrically.

FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment, a press 20, in which the charging device 1 is changed again. The press 20 per se with the storage space 25 corresponds to the previously described examples according to the Figures 11 and 12 ,

The charging device 1 also has in the example after FIG. 13 a box-shaped, open-top loading space 2 with a visible side wall 2 'in the background. The bottom 11 of the filling space 2 is formed here again by a conveyor belt 50 ', which forms the conveyor 5 of the filling space 2. The drive of the conveyor belt 50 'is again by the drive 51'.

The auxiliary conveyor 60 also provided here now consists of a second conveyor belt 61 ', which is arranged above the conveyor belt 50'. The length of the conveyor belt 61 'of the auxiliary conveyor 60 is about only a quarter to one third of the length of the conveyor belt 50', which forms the conveyor 5 in the filling space 2. In addition, the shows FIG. 13 As can be seen, the conveyor belt 50 'and the conveyor belt 61' together enclose an acute angle α, which is approximately 35 ° here. This reduces the distance of the conveyor belts 50 'and 61' in the conveying direction 53 of the material to be pressed seen, whereby a pre-compression of the supplied pressed material is achieved. To achieve a same conveying speed of the conveyor belts 50 'and 61', these may be drivingly coupled mechanically or electrically.

The auxiliary conveyor 60 formed here by the conveyor belt 61 'causes also in this embodiment that an undesired slipping or falling back by means of the conveyor 5 supplied pressed material from the Pressgutannahmebereich 7 of the rotor roller 4 does not occur and that instead precompressed the pressed material and reliable in the engagement region of Rotor roller 4 is brought. Here, too, the pressed material captured by the rotor roller 4 is then conveyed through the conveying channel 8 between the outer circumference of the rotor roller 4 and the guide surface 10 and through the charging opening 24 into the pressing chamber 22.

As the FIG. 13 As can be seen, the conveyor belt 61 forming the auxiliary conveyor device 60 'does not hinder the insertion or insertion of pressed articles into the filling space 2 due to its relatively short length, so that the handling of the loading device 1 remains easy for the operating personnel.

In the examples according to the FIGS. 11 to 13 the loading device 1 is part of a press 20; Alternatively, the described charging device 1 can also be used alone, for example for conveying and compacting purposes with lower demands on the compact density or for a pretreatment of pressed material, which is not immediately subsequently compacted in a press, but only pretreated or other than by pressing should be treated further.

The Figures 14 and 15 show a development of the charging device 1 according to FIG. 9 ,

In FIG. 14 the feeder 1 is shown in a perspective view on its front side. The lower part of the charging device 1 takes the rotor roller 4, which is rotatably mounted on the left and right respectively by means of its central shaft 13. At the in FIG. 14 left end of the central shaft 13 engages a not visible here rotary drive. The rotational direction D of the rotor roller 4 is indicated by the rotary arrow near the left axial end of the rotor roller 4. The rotor roller 4 here also has a jacket tube 17, which runs coaxially to the central shaft 13. On the outer circumference of the casing tube 17 a plurality of discs 17 'are rotationally fixed and arranged at an axial distance from each other, each radially outside the conveyor tines 3 with their tips 3' form.

Above the rotor roller 4 is the guide surface 10 with its slots 12, in which the conveyor tines 3 can dip. The guide surface 10 is designed to be adjustable in height and can be adjusted in the vertical direction relative to the rotor roller 4 and fixed in desired positions. In this way, the distance between the outer circumference of the casing tube 17 of the rotor roller 4 on the one hand and the rotor roller 4 facing surface of the guide surface 10 on the other hand, between a maximum distance, as in FIG. 14 is shown, and a minimum distance, which goes to zero, changed. Between the rotor roller 4 and the guide surface 10 so a delivery channel 8 is formed with variable channel width or height.

Left and right near the axial end portions of the rotor roller 4 are the fixed lateral guide devices 30 arranged in the form of obliquely oriented baffles 31. The guide walls 31 ensure that pressed material moved in the conveying direction is directed from the sides to the center of the rotor roller 4. This results in the side edge regions, a compression of the pressed material, resulting in a subsequent pressing in an associated press, not shown here to an improved, increased Pressgutdichte in the lateral Randbreichen the pressed bale.

In order to facilitate and support the conduction of the material to be pressed towards the center of the rotor roller 4, the rotor roller 4 has at each of its two axial end regions tine-free peripheral sections 40. No tines 3 are provided in these peripheral sections 40, so that the pressing material moves from the outside to is facilitated inside to the center of the rotor roller 4 out. In the circumferential direction outside of the tine-free peripheral portions 40 further peripheral portions remain with tines 3, so that here still a conveying effect of the rotor roller 4 is maintained on the pressed material located in the lateral edge region. In the example according to FIG. 14 are each formed in the two axially outer discs 17 'with the tines 3 two tine-free peripheral portions 40. Alternatively, more than one respective axially outer disc 17 'with one or more tine-free peripheral portions 40 may be formed.

FIG. 15 Finally, the charging device 1 shows FIG. 14 in a vertical section. Down in FIG. 15 is the rotor roller 4 recognizable. Concentric with the central shaft 13, the jacket tube 17 extends on the outer circumference of the jacket tube 17, the discs 17 'with the tines 3 with their tips 3' mounted rotationally. The Cutting plane runs here directly in front of the FIG. 14 rightmost, last disc 17 'with tines 3, so that in FIG. 15 the two circumferentially equally spaced, opposing tine-free peripheral portions 40 are clearly visible. The direction of rotation D of the rotor roller 4 is characterized by the rotary arrow attached thereto.

Above the rotor roller 4, the guide surface 10 is arranged with its slots 12, wherein the guide surface 10 assumes its maximum distance from the rotor roller 4 here. The guide surface 10 can be lowered by suitable guiding and adjusting means in the direction of the rotor roller 4, whereby the distance between the rotor roller 4 and the guide surface 10 can be reduced to a minimum of approximately zero.

The right in FIG. 15 lying region of the conveying channel 8 forms the Pressgutannahmebereich 7, in which the rotor roller 4 assumes the pressed material to be conveyed into the associated press and detected with their tines 3.

Between the top of the rotor roller 4 and the guide surface 10 of the conveying channel 8 is formed through which pressed material from the right of the charging device 1 lying filling chamber 2 to the left in the press, not shown here, more precisely, the pressing chamber, can be promoted.

To the left of the rotor roller 4, the scraper assembly 19 can be seen, which ensures that in the Pressgutabgabebereich 9 the pressed material reliably released from the tines 3 and dropped into the press chamber of the associated press. As the FIG. 15 clearly shows, the guide surface 10 is bent, wherein the course of the guide surface 10 is selected so that in the course of the conveying channel 8 in the conveying direction, ie in accordance with FIG. 15 from right to left, a constriction of the conveyor channel 8, ie a decreasing height results. As a result, a pre-pressing of the material to be pressed is effected when it passes through the conveying channel 8.

Finally, in the background is the FIG. 15 above the rotor roller 4 still one of the two baffles 31 visible, which forms the one lateral guide 30. <U> REFERENCE LIST: </ u> character description 1 feeder 1' Facility 2 feeding space 2 ' Side walls of 2 3 Feed tines on 4 3 ' Tips of 3 4 rotor roller 5 Conveying device in 2 5 ' Power drive of 5 5 '' swivel axis 6 Tines at 5 7 Pressgutannahmebereich 8th delivery channel 9 Pressgutabgabebereich 10 baffle 10 ' cutting blade 11 Floors of 2 12 Slits in 10 13 Central shaft of 4 14 upper conveyor belt of 5 15 lower conveyor belt of 5 16 pressed material 17 Casing of 4 17 ' Slices on 17 18 zinc components 19 stripper 19 ' Retaining element 20 Press 21 press housing 22 baling chamber 23 Press plate 24 Loading opening of 20 25 storage space 26 Filling area of 20 27 Pressgutkanal 28 Collection or transport container 30 lateral guide devices in 2 31 baffles 32 Conveyor screw sections 40 tine-free peripheral portion of 4 50 conveyor plate 50 ' conveyor belt 51 ' Drive of 50 ' 53 Promotion direction of 5 60 Auxiliary conveyor 61 conveyor roller 61 ' conveyor belt 70 drip tray 71 drain pipe 72 Clippings 80 bales 80.1 -80.4 Part bales α Angle between 50 'and 61' B1 Width of 24 B2 Width of 22 B3 Width of 2 D Direction of rotation of 4 L Length of 4

Claims (48)

1. A press (20) comprising a loading device (1), wherein the press (20) encompasses a press housing (21) comprising a pressing chamber (22) located therein and comprising a loading opening (24) for feeding the pressing product (16), wherein the press (20) encompasses a pressing shield (23), which can be displaced in the pressing chamber (22) by means of a power drive in a pressing direction from top down and back again, and wherein the loading device (1) encompasses an upstream feeding space (2) and a conveying channel (8), which discharges into the pressing chamber (22), wherein the loading device (1) encompasses at least one rotatably drivable rotor roller (4), which is trimmed with conveying prongs (3) and which is located directly in front of or in the loading opening (24) of the press (20),
   characterized in
   that the loading device encompasses the conveying channel (8), which discharges into the pressing chamber (22) with a directional component, which is oriented in the pressing direction of the pressing shield (23),
   that a curved guide surface (10) runs above the rotor roller (4) and
   that the rotor roller (4) and the guide surface (10) together form the conveying channel (8), which discharges into the pressing chamber (22).
2. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading opening (24) has a width (B1), which is equal to an inner width (B2) of the pressing chamber (22) and that a part of the rotor roller (4), which is trimmed with prongs (3), encompasses an axial length (L), which is equal to the width (B1) of the loading opening (24), which is measured parallel to the rotor roller (4).
3. The press according to claim 2, characterized in that the feeding space (2) has a width (B3), which is measured parallel to the rotor roller (4) and which is equal to the width (B1) of the loading opening (24).
4. The press according to claim 2, characterized in that the feeding space (2) has a width (B3), measured parallel to the rotor roller (4), which is greater than the width (B1) of the loading opening (24), and that a lateral guide device (30), by means of which pressing product can be guided from lateral edge areas of the filling space (2) in inward direction, is in each case assigned to every front end area of the rotor roller (4).
5. The press according to claim 4, characterized in that, in its axial end areas in its trimming with conveying prongs (3), the rotor roller (4) in each case encompasses at least one prong-free circumferential section (40), viewed in circumferential direction.
6. The press according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that each guide device (30) is embodied as passive device and is in each case formed by a guide wall (31), which is arranged at an incline and upstream of the rotor roller (4).
7. The press according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that each guide device (30) is embodied as active device and is in each case formed by a screw conveyor section (32), which is arranged at the rotor roller (4) at the axial end areas thereof.
8. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the conveying prongs (3) of the rotor roller (4) are formed by disks (17'), which are attached to a jacket pipe (17) of the rotor roller (4) in a torque proof manner at an axial distance from one another and which are serrated or toothed radially on the outside.
9. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the feeding space (2) is formed by a box, which is open on the top and which encompasses an opening to the rotor roller (4) on its side, which faces the loading opening (24) of the press (20).
10. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the filling space (2) has a flat bottom and that the conveying device (5) is formed by a conveying shield, which can be linearly displaced in the filling space (2) by means of a power drive.
11. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the filling space (2) has a bottom (11), which is curved in the shape of a cylinder jacket section and that the conveying device (5) is formed by a conveying shield, which can be pivoted in the filling space (2) by means of a power drive (5') and the pivot axis (5") of which coincides with a central axis of the cylinder jacket section.
12. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conveying device (5) consists of an arrangement of one or a plurality of drivable conveyor chains.
13. The press according to claim 12, characterized in that the conveyor chains are at least partially trimmed with entrainment tools.
14. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conveying device (5) consists of a drivable scraper floor conveyor.
15. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conveying device (5) consists of drivable screw conveyors.
16. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, above the conveying device (5) at a distance thereto and in front of the rotor roller (4) viewed in pressing product conveying direction (16'), an auxiliary conveying device (60) is arranged, which has a conveying effect or a compressing effect or a conveying and compressing effect on the upper side of the pressing product, which is conveyed by means of the conveying device (5).
17. The press according to claim 16, characterized in that the auxiliary conveying device (60) is formed by at least one conveying roller (61).
18. The press according to claim 17, characterized in that the conveying roller (61) has a structured surface at its circumference.
19. The press according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the conveying roller (61) has a surface, which is provided with a friction-increasing coating at its circumference.
20. The press according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the structure of the surface of the conveying roller (61) is formed by conveyor slats or conveyor fingers or conveyor prongs.
21. The press according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the structure of the surface of the conveying roller (61) is formed by a conveying roller jacket, which runs in a corrugated or zigzag-shaped manner viewed in circumferential direction of the conveying roller (61).
22. The press according to claim 16, characterized in that the auxiliary conveying device (60) is formed by at least one conveyor belt (61').
23. The press according to claim 22, characterized in that the conveyor belt (61'), which forms the auxiliary conveying device (60), encompasses a length, which is less than half of a conveying length of the conveying device (5).
24. The press according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the conveyor belt (61'), which forms the auxiliary conveying device (60), forms an acute angle (α) with the pressing product conveying direction of the conveying device (5) with a distance of the conveyor belt (61') from the conveying device (5), which decreases in pressing product conveying direction (53).
25. The press according to any one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that the conveying device (5) and the auxiliary conveying device (60) can be driven with the same conveying speed.
26. The press according to claim 25, characterized in that the conveying device (5) and the auxiliary conveying device (60) encompass a common, branching drive.
27. The press according to any one of claims 16 to 26, characterized in that the position of the auxiliary conveying device (60) can be adjusted relative to the conveying device (5) at least in vertical direction.
28. The press according to any one of claims 16 to 27, characterized in that the auxiliary conveying device (60) is connected to the remaining loading device (1) via releasable connecting means so as to be capable of being detached.
29. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the distance of the guide surface (10) from the rotor roller (4) can be adjusted.
30. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that provision is made in the guide surface (10) for slits (12), into which the conveying prongs (3) dip at least across a part of their length in response to the rotation of the rotor roller (4).
31. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the guide surface (10) consists of individual guide plates, which are placed at a distance from one another.
32. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that a bending radius of the curved guide surface (10) approximates the bending radius of a jacket pipe (17) of the rotor roller (4), at least in a pressing product release area (9).
33. The press according to claim 32, characterized in that the bending radius of the guide surface (10), viewed in pressing product conveying direction (F), decreases continuously from a beginning of the guide surface (10) on the feeding space side, to the end thereof on the pressing chamber side.
34. The press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that provision is made at the loading device (1) for at least one scraper arrangement (19), which interacts with the conveying prongs (3) of the rotor roller (4).
35. The press according to claim 34, characterized in that the scraper arrangement (19) forms a cage around the rotor roller (4) and that the rotor roller (4) partially runs inside said cage.
36. The press according to claim 35, characterized in that the rotor roller (4) runs within the cage, which is formed by the scraper arrangement (19), across a circumferential area, which comprises 40 to 60% of its circumference and which is located in the pressing product release area (9).
37. The press according to any one of claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the scraper arrangement (19) consists of individual scrapers, which are placed at a distance.
38. The press according to any one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that the scraper arrangement (19) is formed by scraper prongs, which approach the rotor roller (4) and which are attached to a holding device and which interact with the conveying prongs (3).
39. The press according to claim 38, characterized in that the surface of the conveying prongs (3) and the surface of the scraper prongs form an angle of 90° with one another.
40. The press according to any one of claims 30 to 39, characterized in that the conveying prongs (3) encompass such a length that the conveying prongs (3) of the rotor roller (4) barely dip into the slits (12) in the case of a distance between the guide surface (10) and the rotor roller (4), which can be adjusted maximally.
41. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that a minimum distance between the guide surface (10) on the one hand and the rotor roller (4) or a jacket pipe (17) of the rotor roller (4) on the other hand approaches zero in a pressing product release area (9) on the pressing chamber side.
42. The press according to any one of claims 34 to 39, characterized in that the scraper arrangement (19) can be changed in its distance to the guide surface (10) or in its distance from the rotor roller (4).
43. The press according to any one of claims 34 to 42, characterized in that fixed cutters (10'), which interact with the conveying prongs (3) in a cutting manner and by means of which the pressing product (16) can be cut open or cut into pieces, are arranged at the guide surface (10) or at the scraper arrangement (19).
44. The press according to claim 43, characterized in that at least a part of the conveying prongs (3) is embodied as cutters or that cutters, which interact with the fixed cutters (10'), are provided at the rotor roller (4) in addition to the conveying prongs (3).
45. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 44, characterized in that provision is made for a retaining element (19'), which can be adjusted between a locked position, which separates the feeding space (2) from a pressing product receiving area (7) of the rotor roller (4), and a released position, which connects the feeding space (2) to the pressing product receiving area (7) of the rotor roller (4).
46. The press according to claim 45, characterized in that the retaining element (19') is a retaining plate or a retaining mesh or a retaining comb and can be pushed or pivoted or folded in front of the rotor roller (4).
47. The press according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that the retaining element (19') is provided with a power drive.
48. The press according to any one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that it is a baling press or a briquetting press or part of a pressing container.

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