EP2598249B1 - Comminution device comprising a worm conveyor - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a crushing device, for example for domestic and commercial waste. In particular, the comminution device serves to further comminute already pre-comminuted material. The crushing device has a crushing tool arranged in a housing, which is driven by a comminuting motor. For example, the crushing tool can rotate about a rotation axis. The shredding device further has a feed device with a screw conveyor for transporting material to the shredding tool.

The screw conveyor not only serves to transport material to be shredded, but at the same time forms an impression device that compresses the transported material and presses it against the shredding tool with a desired force or pressure. Such a device is for example from the DE 20 2007 006 712 U1 known.

Further, the DE 22 648 26 A1 a crusher with an electric drive motor. The actual value of the temperature of the motor winding is measured with the aid of a temperature sensor and compared with a temperature setpoint. Depending on the result of the comparison, a conveyor belt for feeding material is activated. In this way, the temperature of the electric motor is regulated to the predetermined desired value. If the winding temperature exceeds a maximum permissible temperature value, the Conveyor belt switched off.

It can be regarded as an object of the present invention to improve the operation of the grinding device with screw conveyor.

This object is achieved by the comminution device having the features of patent claim 1.

The crushing device has a control unit which controls a conveyor motor driving the screw conveyor. The conveyor motor is designed in particular as an electric motor. The control device preferably controls both the conveyor motor and the comminution motor driving the comminuting tool, which can also be embodied as an electric motor, in particular a three-phase motor. The control unit receives a load, e.g. the torque supplied to the shredding motor characterizing load size. This may be, for example, the motor current of the comminution motor. The load size is evaluated in the control unit. If the load is too small, the material flow is increased by the feed screw by controlling the feed motor. The force or pressure that the screw on the feed material on the crushing tool increases, whereby the load and in particular the torque of the crushing motor increases. If the torque of the comminution motor is too large, the material flow supplied via the screw conveyor is reduced, so that the force or the pressure with which the supplied material is pressed against the comminuting tool also decreases.

Via the control unit, the load on the comminution motor and in particular the torque of the comminution motor be controlled via the speed control of the conveyor motor. For this purpose, the control unit is given a torque setpoint or torque setpoint range. For example, the control unit is given a maximum torque and a minimum torque, the conveyed material flow is increased by the control of the conveyor motor when the torque of the crushing motor below the minimum torque and wherein the funded material flow is reduced by driving the conveyor motor, when the torque of the crushing motor, the maximum torque exceeds. If the torque is within the permissible range between the minimum torque and the maximum torque, the operating state of the delivery motor is not changed. In this way, a hysteresis in the control can be realized in order to avoid frequent operating state changes of the conveyor motor and to allow for certain variations in the load on the comminution motor.

The comminution motor is preferably controlled by means of a frequency converter. He can be designed as a synchronous motor. As a result, an independent of the mains frequency speed of the crushing motor is set in a simple manner. The frequency converter may further comprise a current limiting device for limiting the current delivered to the comminution motor to a maximum current value. The shredding motor is protected in this way from excessive currents.

The feeder may further comprise a conveyor belt. This transports the material also serving as Nachdrückeinrichtung screw conveyor. While the conveyor belt is arranged outside the housing of the crushing device, the screw conveyor of the screw conveyor is located inside the housing. The transport drive of the conveyor belt is preferably also controlled by the control unit. For example, this allows the transport speed of the conveyor belt to be adapted to the speed of the screw conveyor.

The comminution device is provided with a compression space arranged between the conveyor screw and the comminution tool in the housing. In the compression space neither the screw conveyor, nor the crushing tool protrudes into it. The compression chamber is free of conveying or crushing agents. In the compression space, the material transported by the screw conveyor to the reduction tool can be further compressed before being processed by the comminution tool. Because there is always a quantity of material compressed to a desired degree in the compression space, continuous and uniform operation of the comminuting tool can be achieved. The compression chamber serves, so to speak, as a buffer for the material to be shredded. In particular, its length is measured in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the screw conveyor, larger than its transversely measured height. The conveyed by the screw conveyor into the compression space material can then dodge less strongly transversely to the conveying direction, so that the compression or the transport process is improved towards the crushing tool out.

The crushing tool rotates in the housing about an axis of rotation, which in particular is oriented horizontally. The material ejection of the crushed material may preferably be carried out via a sieve and supported by the weight of the housing. The longitudinal axis of the screw conveyor can be aligned horizontally or with an inclination in the range of up to a maximum of 30 ° in order to allow a low overall height in the vertical direction. Alternatively, even larger slopes are up to a vertically oriented Longitudinal axis of the auger possible to facilitate the transport of material.

The sensor device can be used to detect and remove contaminants or interfering bodies from the housing before they reach the comminution tool. For this purpose, the sensor device may comprise, for example, an electromagnetic wave emitting sensor, such as an X-ray sensor and / or a microwave sensor and / or an ultrasonic sensor. In particular, in the detection of a bluff body, a controllable flap can be opened on the housing in order to remove the bluff body from the housing.

The screw conveyor is preferably mounted on the housing only at one axial end, where it is driven by the conveyor motor. The other, free axial end of the screw conveyor is free of bearing means. As a result, the material transport through the screw conveyor is not hindered by storage means. Alternatively, the screw conveyor can also be mounted at both axial ends.

In a preferred embodiment, the screw conveyor sits in a housing shaft of the housing, whose cross-section increases in the direction away from the crushing tool. Alternatively or additionally, the radius of the screw conveyor from the end associated with the crushing tool can be larger away. The cross section of the housing shaft can also be adapted to the contour of the screw conveyor. By suitable selection of one or more of these measures, the material delivery can be adapted to the material to be shredded.

For filling material a shaft opening is provided in the housing shaft, which may be surrounded by a filler pipe. The filler pipe is preferably vertically aligned. The filling tube can serve as a material storage for the material to be transported by the screw conveyor to ensure a uniform material transport and thus a uniform load of the conveyor motor.

It is also possible to provide in the housing shaft one or more wall projections on which the transported material is pre-shredded during transport by the screw conveyor.

The auger may have one or more helices, which in particular are each configured the same. The pitch and / or the pitch angle of the helix of the screw conveyor can be constant over the entire axial length of the screw conveyor. In a modification to this, it is also possible to vary the pitch and / or the pitch angle. In particular, the pitch and / or the pitch angle in the region of the end of the auger associated with the comminution tool can be smaller than in the remaining area of the auger. As a result, an increasing material compaction is achieved in the end area towards the comminution tool.

It is also possible to design an edge of the screw conveyor as a sharp cutting edge.

The at least one helix of the screw conveyor can wind around a core extending along the longitudinal axis of the screw conveyor. Alternatively, the auger may also be executed coreless, the helix winds itself cantilevered about the longitudinal axis of the screw conveyor. The helix winds in this case to a free space in the region of the longitudinal axis. The coreless screw conveyor is lighter. For example, it is advantageous when feeding larger, bulkier material parts.

The feeder may also have a plurality of augers. These may be coupled to each other, for example via a transmission. However, it is also possible to associate each auger with a separately controllable conveyor motor. Two or more augers may be arranged in parallel juxtaposition to convey material in the same direction to the comminution tool. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide a stepwise material delivery via a plurality of screw conveyors connected in series to the comminution tool. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to arrange the screw conveyors in different housing shafts, wherein each housing shaft is provided for supplying different materials or of different sized material parts.

In order to avoid damage to the screw conveyor, its outer surface may consist of steel, which preferably has a hardness of at least 30 HRC. In this case, the screw conveyor may have a jet-coated core or alternatively be made entirely of steel.

• Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung,
• Figur 2 ein Blockschaltbild für die elektrische Ansteuerung des Fördermotors sowie des Zerkleinerungsmotors,
• Figur 3 eine weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in schematischer Seitenansicht.
• Figur 4 ein abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Förderschnecken in schematischer Darstellung,
• Figur 5 eine schematische Ansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit zwei Gehäuseschächten und jeweils einer Förderschnecke,
• Figur 6 eine abgewandelte Ausgestaltung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 5 in schematischer Seitenansicht,
• Figuren 7 bis 11 verschiedene Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Förderschnecke,
• Figur 12 ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung in schematischer Seitenansicht mit einem Verdichtungsraum zwischen der Förderschnecke und dem Zerkleinerungswerkzeug,
• Figur 13 das Ausführungsbeispiel der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung aus Figur 12 in einer schematischen Ansicht gemäß Schnittlinie B-B in Figur 12 und
• Figur 14 das Ausführungsbeispiel der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung aus Figuren 12 und 13 in einer teilgeschnittenen Ansicht gemäß Schnittlinie C-C in Figur 13.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description. The description is limited to essential features of the invention and other conditions. The drawing is to be used as a supplement. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a crushing device,
• FIG. 2 a block diagram for the electrical control of the conveyor motor and the comminution motor,
• FIG. 3 a further embodiment of the crushing device in a schematic side view.
• FIG. 4 a modified embodiment of the crushing device with two mutually parallel augers in a schematic representation,
• FIG. 5 2 is a schematic view of a further embodiment of the comminution device with two housing shafts and one auger each,
• FIG. 6 a modified embodiment of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 in a schematic side view,
• FIGS. 7 to 11 various design options of the screw conveyor,
• FIG. 12 a further embodiment of the crushing device in a schematic side view with a compression space between the screw conveyor and the crushing tool,
• FIG. 13 the embodiment of the crushing device FIG. 12 in a schematic view along section line BB in FIG. 12 and
• FIG. 14 the embodiment of the crushing device FIGS. 12 and 13 in a partially sectioned view along section line CC in FIG. 13 ,

In FIG. 1 a first embodiment 20a of a crushing device 20 is illustrated schematically. In a housing 21, a drivable and in particular rotating crushing tool 22 is mounted. The comminuting tool 22 is preferably realized in the form of a rotor 23, on the lateral surface of which at least one outwardly projecting cutting element 24 is fastened. The rotor 23 rotates about its longitudinal axis, which forms the axis of rotation D.

The cutting element 24 cooperates with a stationary in the housing 21 arranged cutting edge 25, on which the cutting element 24 is moved during the rotation of the rotor 23. The cutting edge extends straight, for example horizontally. The material supplied to the comminution tool is comminuted. Below the comminution tool 22, a collecting area 26 can be provided for the comminuted material. The comminuting tool 22 and, according to the example, the rotor 23 is driven by means of a comminution motor 27. The comminuting motor 27 is designed, for example, as a three-phase motor in the form of an asynchronous motor or a synchronous motor.

The crushing device 20 further has a feeding device 30, which serves for feeding material to be comminuted to the comminution tool 22. The feeding device 30 has at least one conveying screw 32 driven by a conveying motor 31. The screw conveyor 32 is arranged in a housing shaft 33 of the housing 21. It serves to convey material that is fed to the housing shaft 33 via a shaft opening 34. For this purpose, a conveyor belt 35 may be present, which ends at the shaft opening 34 and the material to the shaft 33 and thus the feed screw 32 supplies. The Conveyor belt 35 is driven by a transport drive 36.

In the preferred embodiment, all drive means are formed by three-phase motors. A control unit 40 controls both the comminuting motor 27 and the conveying motor 31. According to the example, the transport drive 36 is also controlled by the control unit 40. The comminution motor 27 may be operated via a frequency converter 41 in one embodiment. It can then be designed as a synchronous motor. The frequency converter 41 is connected to the mains voltage of the supply network 42. It converts the network frequency f ₁ into a variable operating frequency f ₂ for the comminution motor 27 that can be predetermined by the control unit 40. In this way, the speed of the synchronous motor can be adjusted via the operating frequency f ₂ . The frequency converter 41 may also have a current limiter 39 at its output in order to limit the current provided to the comminution motor 27 to a maximum current value.

The control unit 40 detects a load size L of the comminution motor 27. The load size L characterizes the load applied to the comminution motor 27, for example the torque currently applied. As a load size L, for example, the motor current can be detected. If the comminuting motor 27 is designed as an asynchronous motor, the slip can also serve as load variable L. This can be determined, for example, on the basis of the rotational speed of the comminuting motor 27 and the operating frequency f ₂ .

The load size L may also be a mechanical quantity. For example, the force acting on the bearings of the rotor 23 detected force and serve as a load size L.

The control unit 40 controls the conveying motor 31 and preferably also the conveying motor 36 depending on the load size L. Specifically, the rotational speed of the conveying motor 31 is adjusted depending on the load size L so that the load on the crushing motor 27 is in an allowable operating range or a load target value. For this purpose, a load setpoint can be specified and the speed of the feed motor 31 can be varied such that the load size L is controlled to the load setpoint. The speed of the booster motor 31 and / or the transport motor 36 can be adjusted by the control unit 40, for example by means of a frequency converter. If the conveyor motor 31 increases its speed, the material flow transported by the conveyor screw 32 to the comminution tool 22 increases. The auger 32 pushes the conveyed material against the rotor 23, whereby their load increases. Conversely, when the rotational speed of the conveyor motor 31 is reduced, the conveyed material flow decreases and the load on the comminution tool 22 and thus on the comminution motor 27 decreases.

It is also possible to regulate the rotational speed of the conveying motor 31 such that, when a maximum value of the load variable L is exceeded, the rotational speed of the conveying motor 31 is reduced. When falling below a minimum value of the load size L, the rotational speed of the conveyor motor 31 is increased. If the load size L is within the permissible range between the minimum value and the maximum value, the rotational speed of the conveyor motor 31 is kept constant.

Preferably, the screw conveyor 32 is driven by the conveyor motor 31 continuously without stopping. Although the rotational speed of the conveyor motor 31 and the auger 32 is varied to adjust the load of the crushing motor 32, for example, it is not intermittent Operation of the screw conveyor 32 is provided. As a result, material is continuously conveyed to the comminution tool 22 and the throughput through the comminution device 20 is increased.

As with the first crushing device 20a in FIG FIG. 1 is schematically illustrated, the screw conveyor formed by conveyor motor 31 and associated auger 32 may be slidably mounted along its longitudinal axis A in the housing shaft 33, as is illustrated by double arrow 43. As a result, the distance x in the direction of the longitudinal axis A between the comminuting tool 22 associated end 44 of the screw conveyor 32 and the crushing tool 22 can be changed. This additionally makes it possible to press the transported material against the comminution tool by axial displacement of the screw conveyor 32. Alternatively or additionally, the variable adjustment of the inclination of the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyor 32 can be changed with respect to a radial plane passing through the axis of rotation D (double arrow 45).

In the first embodiment 20a of the comminuting device 20, the screw conveyor 32 has one or more helices whose radius does not change along the longitudinal axis A. The screw conveyor 32 thus has a cylindrical contour 48. In a modification to this, the screw conveyor 32 may taper towards its end 44. It can be a frusto-conical contour 49 (FIG. FIGS. 7, 8 ) or also have a contour 50 tapering in the manner of a hyperboloid. The shape of the housing shaft 33 can be adapted to the contour of the conveyor screw 32 arranged therein. In the preferred exemplary embodiments described here, the housing shaft 33 widens away from the comminution tool 22, as shown for example in FIG the Figures 3 and 4 is shown. Preferably, the shaft cross-section is adapted at least in the region of the end 44 of the screw conveyor 32 at the contour 48, 49, 50. The shaft cross section is in this section only by a predetermined clearance larger than the contour of the screw conveyor 32. The tapered shape of the housing shaft 33 and / or the screw conveyor 32 causes an increasing material compression in the conveying direction.

In a preferred embodiment, the screw conveyor 32 is designed with only one helix 53, which winds helically around the longitudinal axis A. The helix 53 may be formed from flat material having a rectangular cross-section. In the embodiments according to the Figures 3 . 4 and 8th the helix is so to speak cantilevered and winds around a free space 54 located inside the longitudinal axis A. This clearance 54 is cylindrical in a helix 53 with a constant helix radius (FIGS. 3, 4). According to the embodiment FIG. 8 with conically tapered screw conveyor 32 of the spiral 53 surrounded by free space 54 is frustoconical.

A modified form of the screw conveyor 32 with a closed core 55 in the inner region of the helix 53 about the longitudinal axis A is in the FIGS. 7 and 9 shown. The core 55 may be made cylindrical in a spiral 53 having a constant helix radius, as shown in FIG FIG. 9 is shown. Also in FIG. 8 illustrated embodiment of the screw conveyor 32 could be provided with a core 55, which would then have a frusto-conical contour.

This in FIG. 7 shown embodiment of the screw conveyor 32 can by widening the band-shaped helix 53 radially inwardly from the embodiment according to FIG. 8 to be obtained. The core 55 is thereby formed by the radially inner part of the helix 53 itself.

Instead of the rectangular cross-section of the helix 53 according to the Figures 3 . 4 and 8th One or more edges may also be rounded. However, it may be advantageous to leave a sharp cutting edge on the helix 53 in order to be able to achieve or improve the pre-shredding of bulky material parts by the rotational movement of the screw conveyor 32. On the cutting edge and sawtooth-like depressions can be formed.

The helix 53 may have a constant pitch h and a constant pitch angle α. In the embodiments according to the FIGS. 1 . 3 to 6 and 9 Both the pitch h and the pitch angle α are constant over the entire axial length of the screw conveyor 32. However, it is also possible to vary the pitch h and / or the pitch angle α of the helix 53 of a screw conveyor 32, as for example in the embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11 the case is. Both the pitch h, and the pitch angle α to the end 44 of the screw conveyor 32 decreases. The compression of the material flow thereby increases toward the end 44.

To support the material shredding or pre-shredding of the material during transport through the screw conveyor 32 wall projections 56 may be disposed in the housing shaft 32 adjacent to the screw conveyor 32, as shown schematically in FIG FIG. 1 is shown. The wall projections 56 may have the auger 52 associated corners and / or edges over which the material is torn during transport through the screw conveyor 32 and thus pre-shredded. The wall projections 56 can in Housing shaft 33 may be distributed around the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyor 32 around. It may be sufficient to provide only an axial portion of the housing shaft 33 with wall projections 56.

FIG. 3 shows a second crushing device 20b. In contrast to the first crushing device 20a, instead of a rotor 23 with cutting elements 24, a rotary shear 57 is provided as a crushing tool 23. The rotor shears 57 has two mutually parallel axes of rotation D. Around each axis of rotation D is a plurality of plate-shaped scissors bodies 58 arranged at a distance from each other. The scissor bodies 58 arranged about the one axis of rotation D are offset and arranged in an overlapping region 59 between the axes of rotation so as to overlap the scissors bodies 58 of the respective other axis of rotation D. The scissor bodies 58 are preferably made in one piece from a uniform material. At radially projecting noses of the scissors body 58 cutting edges are formed. Alternatively, the plate-like scissors body 58 may each have a plurality of cutting elements 24 on its outer circumference, which are releasably secured to the scissor body and preferably screwed.

The housing shaft 33 widens away from the rotary shear 57. The arranged in the housing shaft 33 feed screw 32 is partially enclosed by a guide wall 60, which is arranged substantially coaxially to the longitudinal axis A of the feed screw 32. The guide wall 60 is located within the housing shaft 33. It surrounds the conveyor screw 32, for example completely in the axial direction along the longitudinal axis A and in the circumferential direction in about half. The longitudinal axis A intersects the rotary shears 57 approximately in the comminuting area, in which the shearing elements 24 of the two of the shears 58 cooperate for comminution, for example in the overlapping area 59.

The longitudinal axis A of the auger 32 in the preferred embodiments is oriented to intersect the range of rotation of the cutting elements 24 of the comminution tool 22. This preferably applies to all screw conveyors 32 when the feed device 30 comprises a plurality of screw conveyors 32. The longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyor 32 may be vertically aligned. Preferably, the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyor 32 is inclined in the range of about 15 degrees to about 90 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane. Alternatively, smaller angles of inclination or a horizontal orientation of the longitudinal axis A are also possible.

The longitudinal axis of the screw conveyor 32 intersects the rotation range of the cutting elements 24 and preferably extends offset at a distance from the axis of rotation D. In particular, the longitudinal axis A is aligned with the comminution point, in which the cutting elements 24 cooperate with the housing-fixed cutting edge 25 and the other rotating cutting elements 24. This is the case when using a rotary shear 57 in the overlapping region 59.

In the third crushing device 20c according to FIG. 4, two conveying screws 32 are arranged side by side in a common housing shaft 33. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 Here, too, each auger 32 may be associated with a guide wall 60, which in FIG. 4 not shown in detail. Like this in FIG. 4 While the one helix 53 winds around the longitudinal axis A to the right, the helix 53 of the respective other auger 32 winds in the opposite direction to the left. Alternatively, could Coiled screws 32 are also provided in the same direction right / right or left / left. The coiled coiled screw 32 rotate in the same direction, while oppositely coiled screw conveyors 32 are driven in opposite directions. According to FIG. 4 For example, the counter drive of the oppositely coiled augers is achieved by a spur gear 62 with a drive gear 63 and a plurality of output gears 64 meshing with the drive gear 63. Only the drive gear 63 is driven by a common conveyor motor 31. Each auger 32 is rotatably connected to a driven gear 64.

The distance between the two longitudinal axes A of the screw conveyors 32 is, for example slightly greater than twice the radius of the helix 53. Alternatively, the distance could also be less, so that the two helices overlap or engage centrally between their longitudinal axes A. This is possible if both augers 32 are driven at the same speed, so that no collisions can occur in the engagement region of the two augers 32.

If a comminuting device 20 has a plurality of conveying screws 32, these can also be driven by separate conveying motors 31, as shown in FIG FIG. 2 is shown.

In a modified embodiment of the comminuting device 20, a plurality of rotors 23 arranged parallel to one another can also be provided. These can be coupled in motion via a gear 61, so that a single comminution motor 27 is sufficient for the operation of the rotors 23. Alternatively, each rotor 23 can also be driven by a separate comminution motor 27 assigned to it become. In the case of several shredding motors 27, the load sizes of each shredding motor 27 are detected and their loads kept within the allowable load range or controlled to a load setpoint.

The cutting elements 24 may be formed by edges or strips which extend parallel to the axis of rotation D. Alternatively, it is also possible that the cutting elements wind around the axis of rotation D, as shown in FIG. This has the advantage that a cutting element 24 is not over its entire length simultaneously with the housing-fixed cutting edges 25 in cutting action.

At the in FIG. 5 shown fourth embodiment 20d of the crushing device 20 are provided in the housing 21 a plurality of example according to two separate housing shafts 33. Each housing shaft 33 is associated with a screw conveyor 32. The fourth crushing device 20d has two screw conveyors 32, which can be driven independently of each other by a respective associated conveying motor 31. The pitch h and the pitch angle α of one auger 32a are smaller than the pitch h and the pitch angle α of the other auger 32b. By way of example, differently sized or coarse material can be supplied to the comminution device 22 via the relevant housing shafts 33.

A modification of the fourth crushing device 20d is shown in FIG FIG. 6 shown. There, the two screw conveyors 32a, 32b each form a transport stage for supplied material. The one screw conveyor 32b does not transport the material directly to the comminution tool 22, but first into the housing shaft 33 of the respective other screw conveyor 32a. From there, the material then becomes Crushing tool 22 transported further. However, it is also possible here, via a housing opening 34 directly supply material of the crushing tool 22 associated auger 32a.

In the FIGS. 12 and 13 A fifth embodiment 20e of the comminution device 20 is shown. The fifth crushing device 20e has a plurality of and, according to the example, two augers 32 arranged parallel to one another. Each auger 32 is associated with a separate conveyor motor 31, wherein alternatively, a single conveyor motor could be provided, as for example in FIG. 4 is shown.

The screw conveyors 32 are rotatably mounted on the housing 21 only at their drive end 70 assigned to the conveyor motor 31. The opposite free end 44 of the screw conveyor 32 is unsupported. The auger 32 thus extends, so to speak, cantilevered into the housing shaft 33, starting from its drive end 70.

The housing shaft 33, in which the two screw conveyors 32 are arranged, has a height z, which apart from the necessary clearance between the inner wall of the housing 21 and the screw conveyor 32 corresponds to the diameter of the screw conveyor. The height z is measured transversely to the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyors 32 and transversely to the axis of rotation D of the rotor 23. In the embodiment described here, the height z is in the vertical direction. The two longitudinal axes A of the screw conveyors 32 and the axis of rotation D of the rotor 23 lie in a common plane, which in particular runs horizontally. In a modification to this, it is also possible that the longitudinal axes A of the two screw conveyors 32 are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, for example by amounts up to 20 degrees or 30 degrees.

The housing shaft 33 is divided into three shaft sections in this embodiment. The first shaft section 71 is located in the region of the shaft opening 34. The first shaft section 71 contains the drive end 70 of the screw conveyor 32. The first shaft section 71 is adjoined by a middle, second shaft section 72. This second shaft section 72 is surrounded by the housing 21 and is located outside the shaft opening 34. The second shaft section 72 thus extends from the edge of the shaft opening 34 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyor 32 to its free end 44. Between this free end 44 and Crushing tool 22 is the third shaft portion 73, which forms a compression space 74. The length x of this compression space 74 corresponds to the distance from the free end 44 of the screw conveyor 32 to the comminution tool 22. This length x of the compression space 74 is greater than its height z. The width y of the compression space 74 in the embodiment is slightly larger than the sum of the diameters of the two arranged in the housing shaft 33 augers 32. The axial dimension of the comminuting tool 22 forming rotor 23 corresponds approximately to the width y of the compression space 74. Both screw conveyor 32 is thus associated with a common crushing tool 22.

A conveyor trough 75, which extends along the first shaft section 71 and the second shaft section 72, is assigned to each of the two screw conveyors 32. The conveyor trough 75 is open to the shaft opening 34. Your wall course is adapted to the Durckmesser the screw conveyor 32, for example, the conveyor trough 75 has approximately the shape of the lateral surface of half a cylinder. Between the two augers 32, the conveyor troughs 75 abut one another at approximately the level of the longitudinal axes A. form there a common edge 76. For clarity, the screw conveyor 75 in FIG. 12 only shown by dashed lines.

The compression chamber 74 is free of transport and crushing tools. The compression chamber 74 bounding inner wall of the housing 21 is preferably free of protruding into the compression space 74 projections. In the exemplary embodiment, the dimensions x, y, z of the compression space 74 are constant. As an alternative to this, the compression space 74 for the comminution tool 23 could also taper in one or more spatial directions.

In the compression chamber 74, a sensor device 77 is provided, can be detected by the bluff body. For this purpose, the sensor device 77 emits electromagnetic waves into the compression space 74 and receives their reflections. Transmitter and receiver of the sensor device 77 may be arranged as a common structural unit or alternatively also separately on opposite sides of the compression chamber 74. The sensor device 77 transmits a sensor signal S to an evaluation device, which is provided, for example, in the control unit 40 for controlling the conveyor motor 31 and / or the comminution motor 27.

On the underside of the housing 21 in the vertical direction below the compression space 74, a flap 78 is provided. The flap 78 can be switched over between a closed position closing the compression space 74 from the outside and an open position opening the compression space 74 to the outside. The open position of the flap 78 is in FIG. 12 illustrated by dashed lines. The switching of the flap 78 between the open position and the closed position is controlled by the evaluation device, which is formed in the embodiment of the control unit 40. If the evaluation of the sensor signal S shows that a disturbing body is located in the compression space 74 in the area monitored by the sensor device 77 above the flap 78, the flap 78 is opened and the bluff body can escape from the compression space 74 by the housing opening released from the flap 78 be removed. The opening and closing of the flap can be done by a suitable drive, for example by means of fluidically and in particular hydraulically actuated cylinders 69. Below the flap 78, a conveyor belt 79 is preferably provided, which removes the material removed from the compression space 74 before comminution. The conveyor belt 79 can be switched on for this purpose via the control device 40 when the flap 78 is brought into the open position. After closing the flap 78, the conveyor belt 79 still runs depending on the transport path for a predetermined time and then is turned off by the control unit 40 again. Alternatively, the conveyor belt 79 can also be operated continuously.

In connection with the compression space 74, the comminuting area 80 is provided in the housing 21. In the comminution region 80, the comminuting tool 22 and, according to the example, the rotor 23 are arranged. The section of the housing 21 which surrounds the comminution section 80 has a screen section 81 in the fifth comminution device 20e. The screening part 81 is preferably displaceably and / or pivotably mounted in order to allow access to the comminuting area 80 and in particular to the comminuting tool 22. The screen 81 is at least partially formed by a grid-like or sieve-like structure 82, which in FIG. 12 schematically illustrated by the crossed hatching. The screen structure 82 is at least is provided in the region of the screening part 81, via which the material comminuted by the comminution tool 22 is removed from the housing 21. By way of example, the screen structure 82 is provided in the lower portion of the screen member 81. The crushed material falls through the screen 82 down from the housing 21 out on a discharge belt 83rd

Insufficiently comminuted material is retained by the screen 81 in the housing 21. Such material parts can be transported back by the rotor 23 in the compression space 74, as shown schematically by the arrow 83 in FIG FIG. 12 is indicated.

Around the manhole opening 34, a filler pipe 85 is provided. This filler pipe 85 has a rectangular cross-section in the embodiment. The filler tube 85 extends substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyors 32 away from the shaft opening 34. It limits a filling space 86. In this filling space 86, the supplied material to be shredded is stored until it is transported by one of the conveying screws 32 further into the compression space 74. In the exemplary embodiment, the volume V1 of the filling space 86 corresponds approximately to the volume V2 of the compression space 24, but may alternatively be chosen to be larger. The volume V3 remaining around the augers 32 in the first and second well sections 71, 72 is also preferably about the same as the volume V2 of the compression space 74. This storage of material in the casing 21 results in a continuous material transport and a uniform load of both Conveyor drive 31, as well as the crushing drive 27 achieved.

The screw conveyor 32 is in all embodiments made at least on its outer surface of a hard material, for example having a hardness of preferably at least 30 HRC. As a material steel can be used. The screw conveyor 32 may be formed entirely of the hard material or merely have a hard outer layer.

The described embodiments can be combined. The in FIG. 1 Drive shown can be used in all embodiments. Furthermore, the various forms of screw conveyors after the FIGS. 7 to 11 be used in all versions. Also related to the FIGS. 12 to 14 described conveyor trough 75 or the controlled via the sensor device 77 flap 78 can also be realized in the other embodiments.

One embodiment of the invention relates to a comminution device 20 with a comminution tool 22 and a feed screw 32. The feed screw 32 is driven by a feed motor 31. The comminution tool 22 is moved by means of a comminution motor 27. Both motors 27, 31 are preferably designed as three-phase motors. They are controlled by a control unit 40. The control unit 40 detects a load quantity L describing the load and, in particular, the torque of the comminution motor 27. Depending on this load size L, the operating state of the feed motor 31 is set. Specifically, the rotational speed of the feed motor 31 is changed to increase or decrease the load of the crushing motor 27. The conveyor motor 31 and in particular also the comminution motor 27 are operated continuously during standstill of the comminution device 20 without standstill phases.

An embodiment of the invention also relates to a crushing device, on the other hand, a tool-free compression space 74 is present between the screw conveyor 32 and the screw conveyor 32 on the one hand and the crushing tool 22 on the other hand. Its volume V2 corresponds approximately to the volume V3, which remains in the housing 21 to the screw conveyor 32 and screw conveyor 32 around. Thereby, a continuous material transport and a uniform load of the crushing tool 22 and the crushing drive 27 is achieved. In particular, the length x of the compression space 74 in the direction of the longitudinal axis A of the screw conveyor or screw conveyor 32 is measured greater than its perpendicular thereto and perpendicular to the rotational axis D of the comminution tool 22 measured height z.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

20

comminution device

20a

first crushing device

20b

second crushing device

20c

third crushing device

20d

fourth crushing device

20e

fifth crushing device

21

casing

22

chopping tool

23

rotor

24

cutting element

25

cutting edge

26

catch area

27

crushing engine

30

feeding

31

feed motor

32

Auger

32a

Auger

32b

Auger

33

housing shaft

34

shaft opening

35

conveyor belt

36

transport drive

39

current limiter

40

control unit

41

frequency converter

42

supply network

43

double arrow

44

End of v. 32

45

double arrow

48

cylindrical contour

49

frustoconical contour

50

hyperboloid contour

53

Wendel v. 32

54

free space

55

core

56

wall lead

57

rotary shear

58

scissors body

59

overlap area

60

baffle

61

transmission

62

spur gear

63

drive gear

64

output gear

69

cylinder

70

Drive end v. 32

71

first shaft section

72

second shaft section

73

third shaft section

74

compression chamber

75

conveyor trough

76

edge

77

sensor device

78

flap

79

conveyor belt

80

crushing zone

81

phloem

82

screen structure

85

filler pipe

86

feeding space

A

longitudinal axis

α

Elbow

D

axis of rotation

f ₁

power frequency

f ₂

operating frequency

H

Ganghöge

L

load size

S

sensor signal

V1

Volume v. 86

V2

Volume v. 74

V3

Volume remaining in 71, 72

x

Length v. 74

y

Width v. 74

z

Height v. 74

Claims (15)

1. Crushing device
   with a housing (21), in which a crushing tool (22) driven by a crushing motor (27) is arranged,
   with a feed device (30) for feeding material to the crushing tool (22), wherein the feed device (30) has a worm conveyor (32), which can be driven by a transport motor (31) and is arranged in the housing (21),
   with a compacting chamber (74) provided between the worm conveyor (32) and the crushing tool (22), the length (x) of which chamber measured in the direction of the longitudinal axis (A) of the worm conveyor (32) is larger than its height (z) measured transversely thereto,
   wherein the compacting chamber (74) is monitored by a sensor device (77).
2. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterised in that a control unit (40) is provided, which controls the transport motor (31) in dependence on a load magnitude (L) characterising the load of the crushing motor (27).
3. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterised in that the control unit (40) controls both the transport motor (31) and the crushing motor (27).
4. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterised in that the feed device (30) comprises a transport belt (35), which can be controlled by the control unit (40).
5. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterised in that the crushing motor (27) is formed by an electric motor and is captured as load magnitude (L) of the motor current.
6. Crushing device according to claim 2 and/or claim 5, characterised in that the transport motor (31) and/or the crushing motor (27) is/are operated by means of a frequency converter (41).
7. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the crushing tool (22, 23) rotates around a rotational axis (D).
8. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the rotational axis (D) of the crushing tool (22, 23) and/or the longitudinal axis (A) of the worm conveyor (32) are arranged horizontally.
9. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterised in that the housing (21) has a flap (78) on the compacting chamber (74).
10. Crushing device according to claim 9, characterised in that the flap (78) can be actuated and shifted between an open position and a closed position.
11. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the worm conveyor (32) is mounted at only one axial end (70) or at both axial ends.
12. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the housing (21) has a screen (81, 82), through which the material crushed by the crushing tool (22) is directed out of the housing (21).
13. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the worm conveyor (32) tapers towards the crushing tool (22).
14. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the worm conveyor (32) is arranged in a housing shaft (33), which tapers in particular towards the crushing tool (22).
15. Crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pitch (h) and/or the thread angle (α) of the helix (53) of the worm conveyor (32) change/s along the longitudinal axis (A) of the worm conveyor (32).

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