EP3215273B1 - Destruction of printed paper - Google Patents

Destruction of printed paper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3215273B1
EP3215273B1 EP15805383.5A EP15805383A EP3215273B1 EP 3215273 B1 EP3215273 B1 EP 3215273B1 EP 15805383 A EP15805383 A EP 15805383A EP 3215273 B1 EP3215273 B1 EP 3215273B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strike
arms
paper
water
comminution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15805383.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3215273A1 (en
EP3215273B8 (en
Inventor
Dirk Jaresch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JARESCH, DIRK
Original Assignee
Akten-Ex & Co KG GmbH
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Publication of EP3215273A1 publication Critical patent/EP3215273A1/en
Publication of EP3215273B1 publication Critical patent/EP3215273B1/en
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Publication of EP3215273B8 publication Critical patent/EP3215273B8/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/10—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft and axial flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/06—Selection or use of additives to aid disintegrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a destruction of labeled paper with crushing.
  • labeled also includes printed and otherwise provided with image or confidential information paper.
  • the destruction of labeled paper can be done in several ways. In the vast majority of methods, a crushing of the paper is intended to destroy it. Depending on the size and shape of the particles, the composition of the particles may be more or less difficult for completely or partially readable papers. The greater the difficulty level, the more certain the annihilation.
  • the object of the invention has been found to produce a destruction of described paper with the highest possible degree of difficulty against a readable composition of the particles.
  • a crumbly waste is generated from the paper according to the invention.
  • Each crumb is composed of a multitude of particles. Water is used as binder for the particles.
  • For shredding a striking mechanism is used.
  • the processing time can be set by means of a timer.
  • the timer can be electronically combined with a pressure measurement in the hammer mechanism.
  • the paper With continuous processing of the paper in the hammer mechanism, the paper preferably passes through several striking tools. The number of impact tools to be passed determines the duration of the paper processing.
  • the impact mechanism is preferably made of a plurality of striker stars, which are arranged rotatably in a housing. Even more preferably, the striker stars are arranged on two, spaced-apart waves. The distance that the waves have from each other is greater than the length to the tip of the striking arms of a striking star.
  • the distance of the waves can - at a correspondingly staggered arrangement of the striker stars on one wave the striker stars on the other wave at the same time be smaller than twice the length to the top of the beater arms of a Impact star. Then the striker stars of one wave can mesh with the strike stars of the other wave.
  • the distance, measured in the axial direction of the waves, of the striking arms of a striking star from adjacent striking stars on the same shaft is preferably at most equal to 1.5 times the thickness of the striking stars measured in the same direction, even more preferably at most equal to the thickness of the striking stars. This distance can also be smaller than the thickness of the striker stars.
  • all the striker stars belonging to one shaft are seated on a common sleeve, or all the striker stars belonging to a shaft are seated with a common sleeve on the associated shaft.
  • the striker stars can sit one or more on a common sleeve.
  • the necessary torque on the one common sleeve or on the different, sitting on a shaft sleeve can thereby be transmitted from the shaft to the striker stars, that the sleeves are in a tongue and groove connection with the shaft.
  • the spring extends in the axial direction of the shaft. This allows the striker stars to be pushed onto the shafts.
  • other torque transmission means may be used.
  • the sleeves can be clamped together or with the shafts. These are suitable for example, a collar at one end of the shafts and a nut at the other end of the shafts, wherein the nut is seated on a screw thread of the shafts.
  • the sleeves can either push against each other smoothly or engage with a toothing in each other.
  • the use of individual striker stars or different groups of striker stars for a wave has the advantage of the interchangeability of individual striker stars or striking star groups. With the interchangeability of the repair effort can be reduced in case of damage or wear.
  • the interchangeability of the striking arms can also be used to optimize the process. For process optimization, the thicknesses of the beater arms and / or the distances to an adjacent beater arm on the same shaft and / or the lengths to the tip of the beater arms may vary.
  • the housing of the impact mechanism surrounds the striker stars with a distance, preferably between 0.2 times to 1.5 times the distance measured in the axial direction of the shaft of a striking star on the shaft to an adjacent striking star on the shaft. Even more preferably, the distance of the surrounding housing to the striking stars is at most equal to the distance of a striking star from the adjacent striking star. Most preferably, the distance of the surrounding housing is at most equal to 0.7 times the distance of a striking star from the adjacent striking star.
  • the production of the striking arms by incorporation of grooves has the advantage that the stopped material walls or the resulting beater arms on the back also have inclined surfaces with a conveying effect, which is effective when the direction of rotation of the waves is reversed. This is important when it comes to a blockage of the device.
  • reverse rotation of the device is initiated by reversing the direction of rotation of the shafts.
  • an automatic reverse run is provided in the case of a blockage of the percussion mechanism.
  • a reverse run is provided between 2 and 10 seconds, preferably from 4 to 8 seconds, even more preferably from 4 to 6 seconds. This can be repeated several times. If then - for example, in a period up to a maximum of 10 minutes, preferably up to a maximum of 5 minutes no proper (continuous) crushing operation sets, an automatic shutdown of the device can take place.
  • the blockage can be detected electronically, for example with a motion detector.
  • the control of the reverse run as well as the switching off of the reverse run and a renewed pre-run as well as the shutdown can be effected with suitable controls, for example with the SPS control from Siemens.
  • the striking arms can be worked out not only in the form described above from the solid. Also suitable are striking arms, which are molded onto the sleeves or mounted on the sleeves. The beater arms can be welded or screwed on.
  • no cutting edges are provided on the striking arms. This is achieved by rounding at the edges of the beater arms.
  • the curves have a radius of 0.5mm, more preferably a rounding of at least 1mm. The curves cause an exclusive impact at the edges of the beater arms. Unlike cutting, comminution by hitting the cut points results in paper shredding. The already makes it difficult to assemble the resulting paper particles into a readable paper. In this case, a particle size of 5 square millimeters or less, based on the projection surface with vertical projection of lying on a flat, horizontal surface particles readily accessible.
  • the paper particles at the shredded edges absorb water much faster and more quickly and more intensively connect with other paper particles to the desired crumbs.
  • the addition of water is at least 10% by weight, based on the mixture of paper and water. Even more preferably, the water addition is at least 20% by weight and most preferably at least 30% by weight and most preferably 40% by weight, plus / minus 5% by weight, based on the mixture of paper and water. It is harmless for the destruction, if the water addition is 50Gew% and more.
  • An advantage is an adjustable water addition via spray nozzles.
  • the addition of water can be carried out continuously and controlled with an adjustable valve.
  • the addition of water can also be done at intervals. It is sufficient to use a valve that has only two positions, namely "open” and "closed”.
  • the regulation then takes place by extension or shortening of the additional intervals.
  • the intervals may also be the same if the interval between the intervals of the intervals is extended or shortened.
  • the moisture of the resulting crumbs can be used.
  • the moisture of the crumbs can be measured.
  • Moisture can also be determined by the appearance of the crumbs. Moisture differences of, for example, 20% by weight are readily apparent in appearance and motion behavior. Increasing moisture easily leads to a shine on the crumbs caused by the moisture. With increasing humidity, the crumbs become heavier and the crumbs move differently.
  • an automatic control of humidification is provided.
  • Control may be based on empirically determined levels of water addition.
  • the addition of water takes place as a function of the measured current consumption of the electric motors with which the comminution / percussion mechanisms are driven, and depending on the degree of filling of the device.
  • the degree of filling is the measure of the cavity filling in the device.
  • the degree of filling is automatically taken into account by the operator when the addition of water takes place according to the nature of the crumb emerging from the system / device. If an automatic operation is to take place, then the degree of filling can be measured optically or gravimetrically and linked to the measured current consumption. This results in control values for the addition of water.
  • For gravimetric measurement of the degree of filling are pressure measuring cans, which are positioned under the device and measure the weight of the device with filling electrically.
  • the addition of water can also be controlled without consideration of the degree of filling according to the power consumption.
  • the load / load increases, the current consumption of the motors increases.
  • the load / load results from the work required for the movement of the striking mechanisms.
  • the destruction of important papers takes place in the presence of an operator for the device.
  • the person it is easily possible for the person to choose between individual stages of water addition based on the appearance of the resulting crumbs.
  • the crumbs preferably have sufficient strength to undergo no more than a deformation of up to 50% of their thickness, more preferably no more than 30% of their thickness and most preferably no more than 10% of their thickness, up to a minimum of 30mm under their own weight.
  • the spraying with water before the paper enters the hammer mechanism and / or the spraying with water during comminution in the hammer mechanism have the additional advantage of reducing the friction values in the impact mechanism. This simplifies operation or reduces the risk of the impact mechanism becoming stuck.
  • the Shredding operation can be optimized by increasing or decreasing the water addition. Further influence on the addition of water may also have the degree of filling of the striking mechanism. That is, when changing the degree of filling a change in the addition of water may be appropriate.
  • the hammer mechanism - and if present, the pre-shredder - are driven empty in the event of termination of the destruction work, so that there no paper settles and glued. This prevents that a subsequent restart of the device is no excessive resistance and the processing of the paper is not hindered by narrowing the spaces.
  • batchwise paper destruction occurs at the end of a batch.
  • termination of the extermination work also longer interruptions of the annihilation work can be regarded. This is the case, for example, during repair and maintenance during the processing of a batch. A longer interruption can also occur if, for example, in one-shift operation, the end of the shift is reached and processing must be continued on the next working day.
  • the impact mechanism according to the invention can be preceded by a pre-shredding. Without pre-shredder the impact mechanism according to the invention is preferably preceded by a material feed.
  • the material feeder optionally includes filling tools and a hopper arranged above.
  • the hopper should have a volume that allows to record at least the contents of a wide DIN-A4 file folder.
  • the hopper allows at least the inclusion of the contents of two wide DIN-A4 file folders. This dispenses with the need for the persons responsible for the disposal to take apart the contents of a file folder in order to feed the contents into the shredder. This prevents the persons entrusted with document destruction from having to take notice of their contents by dissecting the files.
  • the outlet of the hopper is wide enough to bring the paper into the engagement area of the filling tools.
  • the pre-crushing consists either of a cutting unit, which is placed on the hopper and in turn upstream of a hopper with the above reproduced properties.
  • the cutting unit may be a conventional cutting unit with two cutter shafts on which sit a plurality of knives that interlock and process the filled paper into strips of paper.
  • the paper strips can be brought more easily with the filling tools into the sphere of action of the impact mechanism.
  • the transfer from the pre-shredder to the hammer mechanism is preferably encapsulated so that the paper strips are not accessible to unauthorized persons.
  • each cutter disc is provided on both sides with corresponding cutting edges and the cutting discs on each shaft are spaced apart so that the cooperating cutting edges have the correct cutting position for cutting paper.
  • paper strips or pieces of paper emerge from the preliminary comminution.
  • the pre-comminution and the main comminution according to the invention result in a multistage comminution.
  • Pre-shredding can also be followed by a multi-stage impact mechanism.
  • Different impact tools can be used. Each impact tool can be considered in extreme cases as a crushing stage. The different levels may be all or part of the same. It can also be different impact tools.
  • groups of identical striking tools are provided in the form of striking stars, as described above.
  • the percussion trains can also be arranged in a different form, for example on a line that winds around a shaft like a thread. Depending on the distance of the striking tools, this results in a conveying effect of the striking tools even without a molded bevel.
  • the conveying effect is the greater the closer the impact tools are.
  • the comminution in the striking mechanism leads to an extremely irregular particle shape.
  • the irregular particle shape is another obstacle if you try to put the particles together again.
  • a crumbly, clumped material is formed. The particles contained therein can no longer be put together in an originally readable form.
  • the crumbly clumped product is collected in a container that can be replaced with an empty container when the container has reached a corresponding degree of filling.
  • the container may be a common trash can, which is emptied in the context of conventional waste disposal. Because of the shredding invention, it requires no special secrecy for further disposal.
  • Drop-off containers are picked up with a lifting gear and a lifting device of the truck and set down for transport on the truck. This can be done very gently. The same applies to the lifting of the Absetzcontainerers from the truck and the subsequent settling at the desired location. Also find the Hubgeschirr and the lifting device application.
  • the roll-off containers have rollers at one end underneath and at the other end a bracket at the end. Between the two ends lanes for rollers are provided on the underside of the roll-off container, on which the container can be pulled onto the back of the truck.
  • the associated truck has driver's cab side a hydraulically moved hook and back or on rear end rollers.
  • the truck For loading, the truck is positioned with the rear side in front of the front of the container where the stirrup is located. Then the hook is moved over the rear end to grip the container on the bracket. Then the container is raised with the hook and placed with the raised end on the rollers at the truck end. Then the hook is pulled in.
  • the container rolls on its own wheels and / or the rollers at the end of the truck until it stands on the back of the truck.
  • the unloading takes place in the opposite direction.
  • the roll-off container can be shaken considerably and subjected to bending and twisting.
  • the containers are made of steel or aluminum and are usually so stable that the container can be handled practically torsion-free. Although the roll-off containers offer a favorable space.
  • the document shredder according to the invention undergoes a heavy burden by mounting in a roll-off container.
  • the roll-off container is provided with a lid.
  • the attachment can be a screw.
  • This container can also be placed outdoors.
  • the waste produced with the document shredder is preferably transported in secured form through the space dividing partition of the container in the respective collection containers. Secured means that there is no access to the document shredder due to the transport device.
  • a transport device for a secure transport suitable for example screw conveyors.
  • other otherwise insecure transport facilities such as simple chutes can be part of a secured transport, if, for example, a lock is provided in or on the partition.
  • the above two-room technology with lock can also be used in a building.
  • the lock can close the transport path from the document shredder to the lock when the space from the lock to the collection container is open and vice versa.
  • This is for example a lock with a rotary valve, which necessarily closes an opening of the lock container and opens another opening.
  • this can be set up so that it does not open and close again at the same time. This is achieved when the openings in the rotary valve and in the lock container / lock housing are offset so that a shredder-side opening in the lock housing is opened only after the other, Sammel matterser worne opening closed or the Sammelbe concisee opening is opened only when the shredder side opening is closed ,
  • the lock can be operated according to demand.
  • the lock or the transport device can be started.
  • the lock preferably has a drive which is connected to the detector to the same PLC control, which also controls the shredder.
  • the volume of the Absetzcontainers in the front room not only allows the installation of shredders, but also the installation of a generator for the power supply and the installation of a water tank for the power supply.
  • the shredder With the water tank and the power supply, the shredder can be placed anywhere where there is a lack of sufficient power and / or water supply. This does not exclude a water supply and a power supply from the outside to the container.
  • a container with intermediate bottom allows advantageous ventilation of the container, if the space between container messengers and false floor has a Zu Kunststoffö réelle, there are more openings in the intermediate floor and, for example, at the upper end of a container wall an exhaust port is provided. Then there is already a considerable draft.
  • the draft can still be improved by an electric fan.
  • the fan is arranged inside the container in front of the exhaust air opening.
  • the accessibility of the front room for the installation, maintenance and operation of the shredder can be made with a corresponding door to the front room.
  • the illustrated device serves in a mode of operation for shredding paper.
  • described paper is fed by means of a conveyor belt 10 in a hopper 1.
  • a pre-shredder 10 Under the hopper a pre-shredder 10 is arranged.
  • the pre-shredder 10 has two cutter shafts parallel to each other are arranged and in the embodiment lie in the same height.
  • the drives of both blade shafts are denoted by 11 and 12.
  • the blade discs of both blade shafts overlap each other, each blade disc which engages a shaft between two other blade discs of the other shaft.
  • the catchment area is formed by propeller-like arms 14 and 15.
  • the arms 14 and 15 sit on two adjacent shafts 16.
  • the shafts 16 are rotatably mounted in a housing 17.
  • the shafts 16 are rotatably held at the outlet end of the housing 17 in bearings 18. Further bearings 19 are provided elsewhere in the housing 17.
  • the shafts 16 protrude through the bearings 19 so that a drive connection with drive motors 21 can be produced via couplings 20.
  • the shaft 16 also carry various striker stars 6. Each striker 6 has four evenly distributed around the perimeter arms.
  • the beater arms 16 smash the paper strips into small irregular particles which are frayed at least at the edge.
  • the impact work is carried out in the embodiment with the addition of 40% by weight of water, based on the Waste amount of paper and water. This causes a strong moisture penetration of the particles.
  • the particles clump. They combine to crumbs, which are pushed out of a discharge opening 25 of the housing. The crumbs fall out of the discharge opening in front of the device. In other embodiments, the crumbs fall into a container with which the crumbs can be removed. In further embodiments, the crumbs forming the waste are transported away with a conveyor such as a screw conveyor or a conveyor belt.
  • the conveying effect of the arms 15 is created by inclined surfaces 30 on the arms 15; the conveying effect of the striker stars 6 by inclined surfaces 31 at the arms.
  • the document shredder according to the invention is set up in the exemplary embodiment in a passable basement room, so that the waste resulting from the crushing can be placed in a box and the box can be driven with a forklift or other, preferably motorized vehicle for emptying.
  • the document shredder according to the invention is in an outdoor standing transportable container with power and water connections.
  • the container is shown in Fig. With dash-dotted lines 130.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a roll-off container with an intermediate wall 133, which divides the container interior into two spaces 131 and 132.
  • the sump 136 In the other room 132 is the sump 136.
  • Delivery line 140 for the humidified waste through the intermediate wall 133 to the sump 136.
  • the delivery line 140 In the delivery line 140 is located in the region of the intermediate wall 133 a lock 141st
  • the room 131 is accessible through a door 134 for operators.
  • the room 132 is accessible through a door 137 for the collection of the waste.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vernichtung von beschriftetem Papier unter Zerkleinerung. Der Begriff "beschriftet" schließt auch bedrucktes und in anderer Weise mit Bild bzw. mit vertraulichen Informationen versehenes Papier ein.The invention relates to a destruction of labeled paper with crushing. The term "labeled" also includes printed and otherwise provided with image or confidential information paper.

Die Vernichtung von beschriftetem Papier kann auf verschiedene Weise erfolgen. Bei den allermeisten Verfahren ist eine Zerkleinerung des Papiers zu dessen Vernichtung vorgesehen. Je nach Größe und Form der Partikel stehen der Zusammensetzung der Partikel zu ganz oder teiweise lesbaren Papieren mehr oder weniger Schwierigkeiten entgegen. Je größer der Schwierigkeitsgrad ist, desto sicher ist die Vernichtung.The destruction of labeled paper can be done in several ways. In the vast majority of methods, a crushing of the paper is intended to destroy it. Depending on the size and shape of the particles, the composition of the particles may be more or less difficult for completely or partially readable papers. The greater the difficulty level, the more certain the annihilation.

Für die Zerkleinerung von Papier sind diverse Lösungen bekannt.Various solutions are known for the shredding of paper.

In den allermeisten Fällen werden die Papiere lediglich in Streifen geschnitten. Aktenvernichter sind unter anderem in folgenden Druckschriften beschrieben: WO1998048937 , WO2002062390 , WO2003066222 , WO2005046876 , WO2005070553 , WO2005109353 , WO2008025551 , WO 2008046608 , WO2008092621 , WO2008092622 , WO2008095693 , WO2008113602 , WO2008131942 , WO2011042139 , WO2011113590 , EP239104 , EP260636 , EP313946 , EP363810 , EP364673 , EP386698 , EP497170 , EP525491 , EP616850 , EP616851 , EP616852 , EP778087 , EP842703 , EP909221 , EP925834 , EP928633 , EP1016461 , EP1132138 , EP1259326 , EP1334771 , EP1658899 , EP2063994 , EP2081590 , EP2114574 , EP2114575 , EP2125231 .In most cases, the papers are merely cut into strips. Shredders are described inter alia in the following documents: WO1998048937 . WO2002062390 . WO2003066222 . WO2005046876 . WO2005070553 . WO2005109353 . WO2008025551 . WO 2008046608 . WO2008092621 . WO2008092622 . WO2008095693 . WO2008113602 . WO2008131942 . WO2011042139 . WO2011113590 . EP239104 . EP260636 . EP313946 . EP363810 . EP364673 . EP386698 . EP497170 . EP525491 . EP616850 . EP616851 . EP616852 . EP778087 . EP842703 . EP909221 . EP925834 . EP928633 . EP1016461 . EP1132138 . EP1259326 . EP1334771 . EP1658899 . EP2063994 . EP2081590 . EP2114574 . EP2114575 . EP2125231 ,

Es ist aber auch aus derBut it is also from the US2005/0017106US2005 / 0017106 bekannt, Papier in Hammermühlen zu zerkleinern. Dies ist mit einer extremen Staubentwicklung verbunden. Die Staubenwicklung beinhaltet sogar eine Explosionsgefahr, weil der Papierstaub leicht brennbar ist. Nach derknown to crush paper in hammer mills. This is associated with extreme dust generation. The dust winding even contains a risk of explosion because of the paper dust is easily flammable. After US2005/0017106US2005 / 0017106 wird der Staub durch eine Bedüsung mit Wasser niedergeschlagen.the dust is deposited by spraying with water.

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Vernichtung von beschriebenem Papier mit möglichst hohem Schwierigkeitsgrad gegen eine lesbare Zusammensetzung der Partikel zu erzeugen. Dazu wird nach der Erfindung aus dem Papier ein krümeliger Abfall erzeugt. Jeder Krümel setzt sich aus einer Vielzahl von Partikeln zusammen. Als Bindemittel für die Partikel findet Wasser Verwendung. Zur Zerkleinerung wird ein Schlagwerk eingesetzt.The object of the invention has been found to produce a destruction of described paper with the highest possible degree of difficulty against a readable composition of the particles. For this purpose, a crumbly waste is generated from the paper according to the invention. Each crumb is composed of a multitude of particles. Water is used as binder for the particles. For shredding a striking mechanism is used.

Je nach Dauer des Aufenthaltes in dem Schlagwerk und je nach Schlagwirkung ergibt sich eine gewünschte Zerkleinerung/Partikelgröße.
Bei batchweiser Zerkleinerung ist die Bearbeitungsdauer mit Hilfe einer Zeitschaltung einstellbar. Zusätzlich kann die Zeitschaltung mit einer Druckmessung im Schlagwerk elektronisch kombiniert werden.Depending on the duration of the stay in the percussion and depending on the impact effect results in a desired size reduction / particle size.
With batchwise comminution, the processing time can be set by means of a timer. In addition, the timer can be electronically combined with a pressure measurement in the hammer mechanism.

Bei kontinuierlicher Bearbeitung des Papiers im Schlagwerk durchläuft das Papier vorzugsweise mehrere Schlagwerkzeuge. Die Anzahl der zu passierenden Schlagwerkzeuge bestimmt die Dauer der Bearbeitung des Papiers.With continuous processing of the paper in the hammer mechanism, the paper preferably passes through several striking tools. The number of impact tools to be passed determines the duration of the paper processing.

Das Schlagwerk besteht vorzugsweise aus einer Vielzahl von Schlagsternen, die in einem Gehäuse drehbeweglich angeordnet sind. Noch weiter bevorzugt sind die Schlagsterne auf zwei, voneinander beabstandeten Wellen angeordnet. Der Abstand, welche die Wellen voneinander haben , ist größer als die Länge bis zur Spitze der Schlagarme eines Schlagsternes.The impact mechanism is preferably made of a plurality of striker stars, which are arranged rotatably in a housing. Even more preferably, the striker stars are arranged on two, spaced-apart waves. The distance that the waves have from each other is greater than the length to the tip of the striking arms of a striking star.

Der Abstand der Wellen kann - bei entsprechend versetzter Anordnung der Schlagsterne auf der einen Welle den Schlagsternen auf der anderen Welle zugleich kleiner sein als die doppelte Länge bis zur Spitze der Schlagarme eines Schlagsternes. Dann können die Schlagsterne der einen Welle mit den Schlagsternen der anderen Welle kämmen.The distance of the waves can - at a correspondingly staggered arrangement of the striker stars on one wave the striker stars on the other wave at the same time be smaller than twice the length to the top of the beater arms of a Impact star. Then the striker stars of one wave can mesh with the strike stars of the other wave.

Vorzugsweise ist der Abstand der Wellen, auf denen die Schlagsterne sitzen größer als die doppelte Länge bis zur Spitze der Schlagarme eines Schlagsternes. Dann können die Schlagsterne auf einer Welle den Schlagsternen auf der anderen Welle genau gegenüber liegen.Preferably, the distance of the waves on which the striker stars are greater than twice the length to the top of the striking arms of a striking star. Then the stars on one wave can be exactly opposite the stars on the other wave.

Der in axialer Richtung der Wellen gemessene Abstand der Schlagarme eines Schlagsternes von benachbarten Schlagstern auf der gleichen Welle ist vorzugsweise höchstens gleich dem 1,5 fachen der in der gleichen Richtung gemessenen Dicke der Schlagsterne, noch weiter bevorzugt höchstens gleich der Dicke der Schlagsterne. Dieser Abstand kann aber auch kleiner als die Dicke der Schlagsterne sein.The distance, measured in the axial direction of the waves, of the striking arms of a striking star from adjacent striking stars on the same shaft is preferably at most equal to 1.5 times the thickness of the striking stars measured in the same direction, even more preferably at most equal to the thickness of the striking stars. This distance can also be smaller than the thickness of the striker stars.

Wahlweise sitzen alle zu einer Welle gehörigen Schlagsterne auf einer gemeinsamen Hülse bzw. sitzen alle zu einer Welle gehörigen Schlagsterne mit einer gemeinsamen Hülse auf der zugehörigen Welle.
Wahlweise können die Schlagsterne einzeln oder zu mehreren auf einer gemeinsamen Hülse sitzen.Optionally, all the striker stars belonging to one shaft are seated on a common sleeve, or all the striker stars belonging to a shaft are seated with a common sleeve on the associated shaft.
Optionally, the striker stars can sit one or more on a common sleeve.

Das notwendige Drehmoment auf die eine gemeinsame Hülse oder auf die verschieden, auf einer Welle sitzenden Hülse kann dabei dadurch von der Welle auf die Schlagsterne übertragen werden, dass die Hülsen in einer Nut-Feder-Verbindung mit der Welle stehen. Die Feder verläuft in axialer Richtung der Welle. Dadurch können die Schlagsterne auf die Wellen aufgeschoben werden. Zusätzlich zu der Nut-Feder-Verbindung können noch andere Mittel zur Übertragung des Drehmomentes Anwendung finden. Zum Beispiel können die Hülsen miteinander bzw. mit den Wellen verspannt werden. Dazu eignen sich zum Beispiel ein Bund an dem einen Ende der Wellen und eine Schraubenmutter am anderen Ende der Wellen, wobei die Schraubenmutter auf einem Schraubengewinde der Wellen sitzt.
Die Hülsen können wahlweise glatt aneinander stoßen oder mit einer Verzahnung in einander greifen.The necessary torque on the one common sleeve or on the different, sitting on a shaft sleeve can thereby be transmitted from the shaft to the striker stars, that the sleeves are in a tongue and groove connection with the shaft. The spring extends in the axial direction of the shaft. This allows the striker stars to be pushed onto the shafts. In addition to the tongue and groove connection, other torque transmission means may be used. For example, the sleeves can be clamped together or with the shafts. These are suitable for example, a collar at one end of the shafts and a nut at the other end of the shafts, wherein the nut is seated on a screw thread of the shafts.
The sleeves can either push against each other smoothly or engage with a toothing in each other.

Die Verwendung einzelner Schlagsterne oder verschiedener Gruppen von Schlagsternen für eine Welle hat den Vorteil der Auswechselbarkeit einzelner Schlagsterne oder Schlagsterngruppen. Mit der Auswechselbarkeit kann der Reparaturaufwand bei einer Beschädigung oder bei Verschleiß reduziert werden. Wahlweise kann die Auswechselbarkeit der Schlagarme auch zur Optimierung des Verfahrens genutzt werden. Zur Verfahrensoptimierung können die Dicken der Schlagarme und/oder die Abstände zu einem benachbarten Schlagarm auf der gleichen Welle und/oder die Längen bis zur Spitze der Schlagarme variieren.The use of individual striker stars or different groups of striker stars for a wave has the advantage of the interchangeability of individual striker stars or striking star groups. With the interchangeability of the repair effort can be reduced in case of damage or wear. Optionally, the interchangeability of the striking arms can also be used to optimize the process. For process optimization, the thicknesses of the beater arms and / or the distances to an adjacent beater arm on the same shaft and / or the lengths to the tip of the beater arms may vary.

Das Gehäuse des Schlagwerkes umgibt die Schlagsterne mit einem Abstand, der vorzugsweise zwischen dem 0,2fachen bis zum 1,5fachen des in axialer Richtung der Welle gemessenen Abstandes eines Schlagsternes auf der Welle zu einem benachbarten Schlagstern auf der Welle. Noch weiter bevorzugt ist der Abstand des umgebenden Gehäuses zu den Schlagsternen höchstens gleich dem Abstand eines Schlagstern vom benachbarten Schlagstern. Höchst bevorzugt ist der Abstand des umgebenden Gehäuses höchstens gleich dem 0,7fachen des Abstandes eines Schlagsternes von dem benachbarten Schlagstern.The housing of the impact mechanism surrounds the striker stars with a distance, preferably between 0.2 times to 1.5 times the distance measured in the axial direction of the shaft of a striking star on the shaft to an adjacent striking star on the shaft. Even more preferably, the distance of the surrounding housing to the striking stars is at most equal to the distance of a striking star from the adjacent striking star. Most preferably, the distance of the surrounding housing is at most equal to 0.7 times the distance of a striking star from the adjacent striking star.

Günstig ist auch, wenn die Schlagsterne mit mindestens einer Schrägfläche versehen sind. Mit der Schrägfläche wird eine Förderwirkung erzielt. Während die Schlagsterne ohne Schrägflächen keine nennenswerte Förderwirkung besitzen, kann mit den Schrägflächen eine erhebliche Förderwirkung erzielt werden. Die Schrägflächen können gewölbt und/oder gerade sein. Eine gewölbte Schrägfläche mit Förderwirkung ergibt sich, wenn die Schrägflächen auf einer Bahn liegen, die wie der Teil eines Gewindeganges verläuft. In der Tat können die Schlagarme mit solchen Schrägflächen erzeugt werden, indem in einen zylindrischen Rohling eine Nut nach Art eines Gewindeganges eingearbeitet wird. Vorzugsweise werden mindestens zwei einander diametral gegenüberliegende Gewindegänge, noch weiter bevorzugt 3 oder 4 gleichmäßig am Umfang des Rohlings verteilte Gewindegänge eingearbeitet. Zur Erzeugung der Schlagarme werden die zwischen den Gewindegängen stehen gebliebenen Materialwände in Abständen unterbrochen. Die Unterbrechungen kann durch ringförmige Nuten erzeugt werden. Es kann aber auch eine Unterbrechung der Materialwände durch andere Nuten erzeugt werden, die zu den zuerst eingearbeiteten Nuten gegenläufig verlaufen.
Die Abmessungen der entstehenden Schlagarme werden bestimmt durch

  • Zahl der ursprünglich eingearbeiteten Nuten
  • Abmessungen der ursprünglich eingearbeiteten Nuten
  • Zahl der die stehen gebliebenen Materialwände unterbrechenden Nuten
  • ringförmige Nuten oder gegenläufig eingearbeiteten Nuten
It is also beneficial if the striker stars are provided with at least one inclined surface. With the inclined surface a conveying effect is achieved. While the striker stars without inclined surfaces have no significant conveying effect, can be achieved with the inclined surfaces a significant conveying effect become. The inclined surfaces can be curved and / or straight. A curved inclined surface with conveying effect results when the inclined surfaces lie on a path that runs like the part of a thread. In fact, the striking arms can be produced with such inclined surfaces by a groove in the manner of a thread is incorporated into a cylindrical blank. Preferably, at least two diametrically opposed threads, more preferably 3 or 4 evenly distributed around the circumference of the blank threads incorporated. To produce the striking arms, the material walls left standing between the threads are interrupted at intervals. The interruptions can be generated by annular grooves. But it can also be an interruption of the material walls are generated by other grooves, which run counter to the first incorporated grooves.
The dimensions of the resulting beater arms are determined by
  • Number of originally incorporated grooves
  • Dimensions of the originally incorporated grooves
  • Number of grooves left standing the material walls interrupting
  • annular grooves or counter-grooves

Die Herstellung der Schlagarme mittels Einarbeitung von Nuten hat den Vorteil, dass die stehen gebliebenen Materialwände bzw. die entstehenden Schlagarme an der Rückseite gleichfalls Schrägflächen mit einer Förderwirkung aufweisen, welche wirksam wird, wenn die Drehrichtung der Wellen umgekehrt wird. Das ist wichtig, wenn es zu einer Verstopfung der Vorrichtung kommt. Nach der Erfindung wird im Falle einer Verstopfung ein Rückwärtslauf der Vorrichtung durch Umkehrung der Drehrichtung der Wellen eingeleitet. Wahlweise kann zur Beseitigung einer Verstopfung auch im Wechsel und wiederholt von Vorlauf auf Rücklauf geschaltet werden.The production of the striking arms by incorporation of grooves has the advantage that the stopped material walls or the resulting beater arms on the back also have inclined surfaces with a conveying effect, which is effective when the direction of rotation of the waves is reversed. This is important when it comes to a blockage of the device. According to the invention, in the case of a blockage, reverse rotation of the device is initiated by reversing the direction of rotation of the shafts. Optionally, to eliminate a blockage in the change and repeatedly switched from flow to return.

Vorzugsweise ist im Falle einer Blockierung des Schlagwerkes ein automatischer Rückwärtslauf vorgesehen. In der Regel ist dabei ein Rückwärtslauf zwischen 2 und 10 Sekunden , vorzugsweise von 4 bis 8 Sekunden, noch weiter bevorzugt von 4 bis 6 Sekunden vorgesehen.
Das kann mehrmals wiederholt werden. Wenn sich dann - zum Beispiel in einem Zeitraum bis maximal 10 Minuten, vorzugsweise bis maximal 5 Minuten kein ordnungsgemäßer (durchlaufender) Zerkleinerungsbetrieb einstellt, kann eine automatische Abschaltung der Vorrichtung erfolgen.
Die Blockade kann elektronisch, zum Beispiel mit einem Bewegungsmelder festgestellt werden. Die Steuerung des Rückwärtslaufes sowie die Abschaltung des Rückwärtslaufes und ein erneuter Vorlauf wie auch die Abschaltung können mit geeigneten Steuerungen, zum Beispiel mit der SPS-Steuerung von Siemens bewirkt werden.Preferably, in the case of a blockage of the percussion mechanism, an automatic reverse run is provided. As a rule, a reverse run is provided between 2 and 10 seconds, preferably from 4 to 8 seconds, even more preferably from 4 to 6 seconds.
This can be repeated several times. If then - for example, in a period up to a maximum of 10 minutes, preferably up to a maximum of 5 minutes no proper (continuous) crushing operation sets, an automatic shutdown of the device can take place.
The blockage can be detected electronically, for example with a motion detector. The control of the reverse run as well as the switching off of the reverse run and a renewed pre-run as well as the shutdown can be effected with suitable controls, for example with the SPS control from Siemens.

Anstelle der gewölbten Schrägfläche kann auch eine gerade Schrägfläche an den Schlagarmen vorgesehen sein.Instead of the curved inclined surface and a straight inclined surface may be provided on the impact arms.

Die Schlagarme können nicht nur in der oben beschriebenen Form aus dem Vollen herausgearbeitet werden. In Betracht kommen auch Schlagarme, welche an die Hülsen angeformt oder an den Hülsen montiert werden. Die Schlagarme können angeschweißt oder angeschraubt werden.The striking arms can be worked out not only in the form described above from the solid. Also suitable are striking arms, which are molded onto the sleeves or mounted on the sleeves. The beater arms can be welded or screwed on.

Vorzugsweise sind keine Schneidkanten an den Schlagarmen vorgesehen.
Das wird durch Rundungen an den Kanten der Schlagarme erreicht. Vorzugsweise besitzen die Rundungen einen Radius von 0,5mm, noch weiter bevorzugt eine Rundung von mindestens 1mm.
Die Rundungen bewirken eine ausschließliche Schlagwirkung an den Kanten der Schlagarme. Anders als beim Schneiden kommt es bei der Zerkleinerung durch Schlagen an den Trennstellen zu einer Zerfaserung des Papiers. Das erschwert schon ein Zusammensetzen der entstehenden Papierpartikel zu einem lesbaren Papier.
Dabei ist eine Partikelgröße von 5 Quadratmillimeter oder darunter, bezogen auf die Projektionsfläche bei vertikaler Projektion der auf einer ebenen, horizontalen Unterlage liegenden Partikel ohne weiteres erreichbar.Preferably, no cutting edges are provided on the striking arms.
This is achieved by rounding at the edges of the beater arms. Preferably, the curves have a radius of 0.5mm, more preferably a rounding of at least 1mm.
The curves cause an exclusive impact at the edges of the beater arms. Unlike cutting, comminution by hitting the cut points results in paper shredding. The already makes it difficult to assemble the resulting paper particles into a readable paper.
In this case, a particle size of 5 square millimeters or less, based on the projection surface with vertical projection of lying on a flat, horizontal surface particles readily accessible.

Hinzu kommt, dass die Papierpartikel an den zerfaserten Rändern sehr viel schneller Wasser aufnehmen und sehr viel schneller und intensiver eine Verbindung mit anderen Papierpartikeln zu den gewünschten Krümeln eingehen.In addition, the paper particles at the shredded edges absorb water much faster and more quickly and more intensively connect with other paper particles to the desired crumbs.

Die Wasserzugabe beträgt mindestens 10Gew%, bezogen auf die Mischung aus Papier und Wasser. Noch weiter bevorzugt beträgt die Wasserzugabe mindestens 20Gew% und höchst bevorzugt mindestens 30Gew% und höchst bevorzugt 40Gew%, plus/minus 5Gew%, bezogen auf die Mischung von Papier und Wasser. Dabei ist für die Vernichtung unschädlich, wenn die Wasserzugabe 50Gew% und mehr beträgt.The addition of water is at least 10% by weight, based on the mixture of paper and water. Even more preferably, the water addition is at least 20% by weight and most preferably at least 30% by weight and most preferably 40% by weight, plus / minus 5% by weight, based on the mixture of paper and water. It is harmless for the destruction, if the water addition is 50Gew% and more.

Durch ausreichende Wasserzugabe entsteht nach entsprechender Bearbeitungsdauer in de Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ein nicht mehr lesbarer krümeliger Rückstand.By sufficient addition of water arises after appropriate processing time in de crushing an unreadable crumbly residue.

Von Vorteil ist eine einstellbare Wasserzugabe über Spritzdüsen.
Die Wasserzugabe kann dabei kontinuierlich erfolgen und mit einem einstellbaren Ventil gesteuert werden.
Die Wasserzugabe kann auch in Intervallen erfolgen. Dabei ist ausreichend, ein Ventil zu verwenden, dass nur zwei Stellungen hat, nämlich "Auf" und "Zu". Die Regelung erfolgt dann durch Verlängerung oder Verkürzung der Zugabeintervalle. Die Intervalle können auch immer gleich sein, wenn der Abstand zwischen den Zugabeintervallen verlängert oder verkürzt wird.
Als Regelgröße kann die Feuchtigkeit der anfallenden Krümel herangezogen werden. Die Feuchtigkeit der Krümel kann gemessen werden. Die Feuchtigkeit kann auch nach dem Aussehen der Krümel bestimmt werden. Feuchtigkeitsunterschiede von zum Beispiel 20Gew% sind ohne weiteres am Aussehen und Bewegungsverhalten erkennbar. Die zunehmende Feuchtigkeit führt leicht zu einem Glanz auf den Krümeln, der von der Feuchtigkeit verursacht wird. Mit zunehmender Feuchtigkeit werden die Krümel schwerer und bewegen sich die Krümel anders.An advantage is an adjustable water addition via spray nozzles.
The addition of water can be carried out continuously and controlled with an adjustable valve.
The addition of water can also be done at intervals. It is sufficient to use a valve that has only two positions, namely "open" and "closed". The regulation then takes place by extension or shortening of the additional intervals. The intervals may also be the same if the interval between the intervals of the intervals is extended or shortened.
As a controlled variable, the moisture of the resulting crumbs can be used. The moisture of the crumbs can be measured. Moisture can also be determined by the appearance of the crumbs. Moisture differences of, for example, 20% by weight are readily apparent in appearance and motion behavior. Increasing moisture easily leads to a shine on the crumbs caused by the moisture. With increasing humidity, the crumbs become heavier and the crumbs move differently.

Vorzugsweise ist eine automatische Steuerung der Befeuchtung vorgesehen. Die Steuerung kann von empirisch festgelegten Stufen der Wasserzugabe ausgehen.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Wasserzugabe in Abhängigkeit von der gemessenen Stromaufnahme der Elektromotore, mit denen die Zerkleinerung/Schlagwerke angetrieben werden, und in Abhängigkeit von dem Füllungsgrad der Vorrichtung. Der Füllungsgrad ist das Maß der Hohlraumfüllung in der Vorrichtung. Der Füllungsgrad wird automatisch vom Bedienungspersonal mitberücksichtigt, wenn die Wasserzugabe nach der Beschaffenheit der aus der Anlage/Vorrichtung austretenden Krümel erfolgt. Wenn ein automatischer Betrieb erfolgen soll, so kann der Füllungsgrad optisch oder gravimetrisch gemessen und mit der gemessenen Stromaufnahme verknüpft werden. Daraus ergeben sich Steuerungswerte für die Wasserzugabe.
Zur gravimetrischen Messung des Füllungsgrades eignen sich Druckmessdosen, die unter der Vorrichtung positioniert werden und das Gewicht der Vorrichtung mit Füllung elektrisch messen.Preferably, an automatic control of humidification is provided. Control may be based on empirically determined levels of water addition.
Preferably, the addition of water takes place as a function of the measured current consumption of the electric motors with which the comminution / percussion mechanisms are driven, and depending on the degree of filling of the device. The degree of filling is the measure of the cavity filling in the device. The degree of filling is automatically taken into account by the operator when the addition of water takes place according to the nature of the crumb emerging from the system / device. If an automatic operation is to take place, then the degree of filling can be measured optically or gravimetrically and linked to the measured current consumption. This results in control values for the addition of water.
For gravimetric measurement of the degree of filling are pressure measuring cans, which are positioned under the device and measure the weight of the device with filling electrically.

Zum Teil kann die Wasserzugabe auch ohne Berücksichtigung des Füllungsgrades nach der Stromaufnahme gesteuert werden.
Mit zunehmender Last/Belastung erhöht sich die Stromaufnahme der Motore. Die Last/Belastung ergibt sich aus dem für die Bewegung der Schlagwerke notwendigen Arbeitsaufwand.In part, the addition of water can also be controlled without consideration of the degree of filling according to the power consumption.
As the load / load increases, the current consumption of the motors increases. The load / load results from the work required for the movement of the striking mechanisms.

Üblicherweise erfolgt die Vernichtung von wichtigen Papieren unter Anwesenheit einer Bedienungsperson für die Vorrichtung. Zum Beispiel ist es der Person leicht möglich anhand des Aussehens der entstehenden Krümel zwischen einzelnen Stufen der Wasserzugabe zu wählen. Die Krümel besitzen vorzugsweise so viel Festigkeit, dass sie bei einer Größe bis mindestens 30mm unter ihrem Eigengewicht höchstens eine Verformung bis 50% ihrer Dicke, noch weiter bevorzugt bis höchstens 30% ihrer Dicke und höchst bevorzugt bis höchstens 10% ihrer Dicke erfahren.Usually, the destruction of important papers takes place in the presence of an operator for the device. For example, it is easily possible for the person to choose between individual stages of water addition based on the appearance of the resulting crumbs. The crumbs preferably have sufficient strength to undergo no more than a deformation of up to 50% of their thickness, more preferably no more than 30% of their thickness and most preferably no more than 10% of their thickness, up to a minimum of 30mm under their own weight.

Vorzugsweise wird das Wasser in die Vorrichtung eingedüst. Die Bedüsung kann

  • vor dem Eintritt des Papiers in das Schlagwerk und/oder
  • während der Zerkleinerung im Schlagwerk
  • nach dem Austritt der Papierpartikel aus dem Schlagwerk erfolgen.
Die Wasserdüsen sind dann an entsprechender Stelle in der Vorrichtung bzw. an der Vorrichtung angeordnet.Preferably, the water is injected into the device. The spraying can
  • before the paper enters the percussion and / or
  • during comminution in the percussion
  • take place after the exit of the paper particles from the striking mechanism.
The water nozzles are then arranged at the appropriate location in the device or on the device.

Die Bedüsung mit Wasser vor dem Eintritt des Papiers in das Schlagwerk und/oder die Bedüsung mit Wasser während der Zerkleinerung im Schlagwerk haben den zusätzlichen Vorteil einer Herabsetzung der Reibungswerte im Schlagwerk. Das vereinfacht den Betrieb bzw. reduziert die Gefahr eines Festlaufens des Schlagwerkes. Nach der Erfindung kann der Zerkleinerungsbetrieb durch die Erhöhung oder Verringerung der Wasserzugabe optimiert werden.
Weiteren Einfluß auf die Wasserzugabe kann auch der Füllungsgrad des Schlagwerkes habe. Das heißt, bei Änderung des Füllungsgrades kann eine Änderung der Wasserzugabe zweckmäßig sein.The spraying with water before the paper enters the hammer mechanism and / or the spraying with water during comminution in the hammer mechanism have the additional advantage of reducing the friction values in the impact mechanism. This simplifies operation or reduces the risk of the impact mechanism becoming stuck. According to the invention, the Shredding operation can be optimized by increasing or decreasing the water addition.
Further influence on the addition of water may also have the degree of filling of the striking mechanism. That is, when changing the degree of filling a change in the addition of water may be appropriate.

Vorzugsweise werden das Schlagwerk - und soweit vorhanden, die Vorzerkleiner - im Falle einer Beendigung der Vernichtungsarbeit leer gefahren, damit sich dort kein Papier absetzt und verklebt. Damit wird verhindert, dass einem nachfolgenden erneuten Anfahren der Vorrichtung kein übermäßiger Widerstand entgegen steht und die Verarbeitung des Papiers nicht durch Verengung der Räume behindert wird.
Zur Beendigung der Vernichtungsarbeit kommt es bei chargenweiser Papiervernichtung am Ende einer Charge.
Als Beendigung der Vernichtungsarbeit können auch längere Unterbrechungen der Vernichtungsarbeit angesehen werden. Das ist zum Beispiel der Fall bei Reparatur und Wartung während der Verarbeitung einer Charge. Eine längere Unterbrechung kann auch entstehen, wenn zum Beispiel bei einschichtiger Betriebsweise das Schichtende erreicht ist und die Verarbeitung am nächsten Arbeitstag fortgesetzt werden muss.Preferably, the hammer mechanism - and if present, the pre-shredder - are driven empty in the event of termination of the destruction work, so that there no paper settles and glued. This prevents that a subsequent restart of the device is no excessive resistance and the processing of the paper is not hindered by narrowing the spaces.
In order to end the destruction work, batchwise paper destruction occurs at the end of a batch.
As termination of the extermination work also longer interruptions of the annihilation work can be regarded. This is the case, for example, during repair and maintenance during the processing of a batch. A longer interruption can also occur if, for example, in one-shift operation, the end of the shift is reached and processing must be continued on the next working day.

Wahlweise ist eine mehrstufige Zerkleinerung vorgesehen.
Dazu kann dem erfindungsgemäßen Schlagwerk eine Vorzerkleinerung vorgeordnet werden.
Ohne Vorzerkleiner ist dem erfindungsgemäßen Schlagwerk vorzugsweise ein Materialeinzug vorgeordnet. Zu dem Materialeinzug gehören wahlweise Einfüllwerkzeuge und ein darüber angeordneter Einfülltrichter.
Der Einfülltrichter soll ein Volumen aufweisen, das es erlaubt, mindestens den Inhalt eines breiten DIN-A4 Aktenordners aufzunehmen. Vorzugsweise erlaubt der Einfülltrichter mindestens die Aufnahme des Inhalts von zwei breiten DIN-A4 Aktenordnern. Damit wird entbehrlich, dass die mit der Entsorgung beauftragten Personen den Inhalt eines Aktenordners auseinander zu nehmen, um den Inhalt in den Aktenvernichter einzuspeisen. Das verhindert, dass die mit der Aktenvernichtung betrauten Personen durch Auseinandernehmen der Akten von deren Inhalt Kenntnis nehmen müssen.
Der Auslauf des Einfülltrichters ist weit genug, um das Papier in den Eingriffsbereich der Einfüllwerkzeuge zu bringen.Optionally, a multi-stage crushing is provided.
For this purpose, the impact mechanism according to the invention can be preceded by a pre-shredding.
Without pre-shredder the impact mechanism according to the invention is preferably preceded by a material feed. The material feeder optionally includes filling tools and a hopper arranged above.
The hopper should have a volume that allows to record at least the contents of a wide DIN-A4 file folder. Preferably, the hopper allows at least the inclusion of the contents of two wide DIN-A4 file folders. This dispenses with the need for the persons responsible for the disposal to take apart the contents of a file folder in order to feed the contents into the shredder. This prevents the persons entrusted with document destruction from having to take notice of their contents by dissecting the files.
The outlet of the hopper is wide enough to bring the paper into the engagement area of the filling tools.

Für das Einziehen des Papiers in das Schlagwerk ist eine Vorzerkleinerung des Papiers von Vorteil.
Die Vorzerkleinerung besteht wahlweise aus einem Schneidwerk, das auf dem Einfülltrichter aufgesetzt ist und dem seinerseits ein Einfülltrichter mit den oben wiedergegebenen Eigenschaften vorgeordnet ist. Das Schneidwerk kann ein übliches Schneidwerk mit zwei Messerwellen sein, auf denen eine Vielzahl von Messern sitzen, die ineinandergreifen und das eingefüllte Papier zu Papierstreifen verarbeiten.
Die Papierstreifen lassen sich leichter mit den Einfüllwerkzeugen in den Wirkungsbereich des Schlagwerkes bringen. Die Übergabe von dem Vorzerkleiner in das Schlagwerk ist vorzugsweise so gekapselt, dass die Papierstreifen nicht für unbefugte zugänglich sind.For feeding the paper into the hammer mechanism, pre-shredding the paper is an advantage.
The pre-crushing consists either of a cutting unit, which is placed on the hopper and in turn upstream of a hopper with the above reproduced properties. The cutting unit may be a conventional cutting unit with two cutter shafts on which sit a plurality of knives that interlock and process the filled paper into strips of paper.
The paper strips can be brought more easily with the filling tools into the sphere of action of the impact mechanism. The transfer from the pre-shredder to the hammer mechanism is preferably encapsulated so that the paper strips are not accessible to unauthorized persons.

Mit Änderung des Abstandes der Messer im Vorzerkleinerer ändert sich die Breite der Streifen.
Es ist bekannt, solche Messer als umlaufende Messerscheiben auszubilden, die auf zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten, umlaufenden Wellen montiert sind. Die Messerscheiben können mit Haken oder Nocken versehen sein. Die Messerscheiben der einen Welle greifen zwischen die Messerscheiben der anderen Welle und umgekehrt, so dass jedes Messer auf der einen Welle gleichzeitig mit zwei Messern der gegenüberliegenden Welle Messerpaare bildet. Dazu ist jede Messerscheibe an beiden Seiten mit entsprechenden Schneidkanten versehen und sind die Messerscheiben auf jeder Welle so voneinander beabstandet, dass die zusammen wirkenden Schneidkanten die richtige Schneidstellung für das Schneiden von Papier haben.
Je nach Ausbildung der Messerscheiben treten Papierstreifen bzw. Papierstücke aus der Vorzerkleinerung aus.By changing the distance of the blades in the pre-shredder, the width of the strips changes.
It is known to form such knives as rotating cutting discs, which are mounted on two mutually parallel, rotating shafts. The cutting discs can be provided with hooks or cams. The Knife disks of one shaft engage between the cutter disks of the other shaft and vice versa, so that each knife on one shaft forms knife pairs simultaneously with two knives of the opposite shaft. For this purpose, each cutter disc is provided on both sides with corresponding cutting edges and the cutting discs on each shaft are spaced apart so that the cooperating cutting edges have the correct cutting position for cutting paper.
Depending on the design of the cutting discs, paper strips or pieces of paper emerge from the preliminary comminution.

Mit der Vorzerkleinerung und der erfindungsgemäßen Hauptzerkleinerung entsteht eine mehrstufige Zerkleinerung.The pre-comminution and the main comminution according to the invention result in a multistage comminution.

An die Vorzerkleinerung kann sich auch ein mehrstufiges Schlagwerk anschließen. Dabei können unterschiedliche Schlagwerkzeuge Anwendung finden. Jedes Schlagwerkzeug kann im Extremfall als eine Zerkleinerungsstufe angesehen werden. Die verschiedenen Stufen können alle oder teilweise gleich sein. Es können auch alle Schlagwerkzeuge verschieden sein. Vorzugsweise sind Gruppen gleicher Schlagwerkzeuge in Form von Schlagsternen vorgesehen, wie sie oben beschrieben sind.Pre-shredding can also be followed by a multi-stage impact mechanism. Different impact tools can be used. Each impact tool can be considered in extreme cases as a crushing stage. The different levels may be all or part of the same. It can also be different impact tools. Preferably, groups of identical striking tools are provided in the form of striking stars, as described above.

Die Schlagwerkezuge können jedoch auch in anderer Form angeordnet sein, zum Beispiel auf einer Linie, die sich wie ein Gewindegang um eine Welle windet. Je nach Abstand der Schlagwerkzeuge entsteht dadurch auch ohne angeformte Schräge eine Förderwirkung der Schlagwerkzeuge. Die Förderwirkung ist umso größer, je dichter die Schlagwerkzeuge dabei stehen.However, the percussion trains can also be arranged in a different form, for example on a line that winds around a shaft like a thread. Depending on the distance of the striking tools, this results in a conveying effect of the striking tools even without a molded bevel. The conveying effect is the greater the closer the impact tools are.

Die Zerkleinerung im Schlagwerk führt zu einer extrem unregelmäßigen Partikelform. Die unregelmäßige Partikelform stellt ein weiteres Hindernis dar, wenn versucht werden sollte, die Partikel wieder aneinander zu setzen. Durch erfindungsgemäße Befeuchtung des zerkleinerten Papiers bildet sich ein krümeliges, verklumptes Gut. Die darin enthaltenen Partikel lassen sich nicht mehr in eine ursprünglich lesbare Form zusammen setzen.The comminution in the striking mechanism leads to an extremely irregular particle shape. The irregular particle shape is another obstacle if you try to put the particles together again. By moistening the shredded paper according to the invention, a crumbly, clumped material is formed. The particles contained therein can no longer be put together in an originally readable form.

Vorzugsweise wird das krümelige verklumpte Gut in einem Behälter gesammelt, der sich gegen einen leeren Behälter auswechseln lässt, wenn der Behälter einen entsprechenden Füllungsgrad erreicht hat. Der Behälter kann eine übliche Abfalltonne sein, die im Rahmen üblicher Müllentsorgung geleert wird. Wegen der erfindungsgemäßen Aktenvernichtung bedarf es für die weitere Entsorgung keiner besonderen Geheimhaltung.Preferably, the crumbly clumped product is collected in a container that can be replaced with an empty container when the container has reached a corresponding degree of filling. The container may be a common trash can, which is emptied in the context of conventional waste disposal. Because of the shredding invention, it requires no special secrecy for further disposal.

Für den Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Aktenvernichtung muß ein geeigneter Raum mit ausreichendem Stromanschluß und Wasseranschluß zur Verfügung gestellt werden.For the operation of the shredding invention, a suitable space with sufficient power and water connection must be provided.

Von Vorteil ist, die Aktenvernichtung in einem Container Absetzcontainer oder einem Abrollcontainer vorzunehmen.
Absetzcontainer werden mit einem Hubgeschirr und einer Hubeinrichtung des Lkw aufgenommen und zum Transport auf dem Lkw abgesetzt. Das kann besonders schonend erfolgen. Entsprechendes gilt für das Abheben des Absetzcontainers vom Lkw und das anschließende Absetzen an gewünschter Stelle. Auch dabei finden das Hubgeschirr und die Hubvorrichtung Anwendung.
Die Abrollcontainer besitzen an einem Ende unterseitig Rollen und am anderen Ende stirnseitig einen Bügel. Zwischen den beiden Enden sind unterseitig am Abrollcontainer Fahrbahnen für Rollen vorgesehen, auf denen der Container auf die Ladefläche des Lkw gezogen werden kann. Der zugehörige Lkw besitzt führerhausseitige einen hydraulisch bewegten Haken und rückseitig bzw. am hinteren Ende Rollen. Zum Aufladen wird der Lkw mit der Rückseite vor die Stirnseite des Containers positioniert, an der sich der Bügel befindet. Dann wird der Haken bis über das hintere Ende bewegt, um den Container an dem Bügel zu erfassen. Danach wird der Container mit dem Haken angehoben und mit dem angehobenen Ende auf die Rollen am Lkw-Ende setzt. Danach wird der Haken eingezogen. Dabei rollt der Container auf eigenen Rollen und /oder den Rollen am Lkw-Ende bis er auf der Ladefläche des Lkw steht. Das Abladen erfolgt in umgekehrter Richtung.
Bei dem Aufladen und Abladen kann der Abrollcontainer allerdings erheblich gerüttelt und auf Biegung und Verwindung belastet.
Die Container bestehen aus Stahl oder Aluminium und sind üblicherweise so stabil, dass der Container praktisch verwindungsfrei gehandhabt werden kann. Die Abrollcontainer bieten zwar ein günstiges Raumangebot. Außerdem gibt es handelsübliche Abrollcontainer mit einer Stehhöhe. Gleichwohl erfährt der erfindungsgemäße Aktenvernichter durch die Montage in einem Abrollcontainer eine starke Belastung. Dem wird nach der Erfindung durch Befestigung des Aktenvernichters am Boden des Abrollcontainers oder auf einem Zwischenboden im Abrollcontainer Rechnung getragen. Außerdem wird der Abrollcontainer mit einem Deckel versehen. Die Befestigung kann eine Verschraubung sein.It is advantageous to make the shredding in a container Absetzcontainer or a roll-off container.
Drop-off containers are picked up with a lifting gear and a lifting device of the truck and set down for transport on the truck. This can be done very gently. The same applies to the lifting of the Absetzcontainerers from the truck and the subsequent settling at the desired location. Also find the Hubgeschirr and the lifting device application.
The roll-off containers have rollers at one end underneath and at the other end a bracket at the end. Between the two ends lanes for rollers are provided on the underside of the roll-off container, on which the container can be pulled onto the back of the truck. The associated truck has driver's cab side a hydraulically moved hook and back or on rear end rollers. For loading, the truck is positioned with the rear side in front of the front of the container where the stirrup is located. Then the hook is moved over the rear end to grip the container on the bracket. Then the container is raised with the hook and placed with the raised end on the rollers at the truck end. Then the hook is pulled in. The container rolls on its own wheels and / or the rollers at the end of the truck until it stands on the back of the truck. The unloading takes place in the opposite direction.
During loading and unloading, however, the roll-off container can be shaken considerably and subjected to bending and twisting.
The containers are made of steel or aluminum and are usually so stable that the container can be handled practically torsion-free. Although the roll-off containers offer a favorable space. There are also commercial Abrollcontainer with a standing height. Nevertheless, the document shredder according to the invention undergoes a heavy burden by mounting in a roll-off container. This is borne out by the invention by fixing the document shredder at the bottom of the roll-off container or on an intermediate floor in Abrollcontainer. In addition, the roll-off container is provided with a lid. The attachment can be a screw.

Dieser Container kann auch im Freien aufgestellt werden.This container can also be placed outdoors.

Von Vorteil ist, den Abrollcontainer in zwei Räume aufzuteilen, von denen der eine Raum sich am hinteren Containerende befindet, an denen großvolumige Container üblicherweise mit zwei Türen versehen sind. Dieser Raum kann vorteilhafterweise zur Aufstellung der Sammelbehälter für den anfallenden Abfall benutzt werden. Dieser Raum kann ansonsten abgeschlossen sein, so dass die Mülltonnen gefahrlos für die Müllabfuhr zugänglich sein können.
Der mit dem Aktenvernichter produzierte Abfall wird vorzugsweise in gesicherte Form durch die raumunterteilende Zwischenwand des Containers in den jeweiligen Sammelbehältern transportiert. Gesichert heißt, dass durch die Transporteinrichtung kein Zugang zu dem Aktenvernichter besteht. Als Transporteinrichtung für einen gesicherten Transport eignen sich zum Beispiel Förderschnecken. Aber auch andere sonst unsichere Transporteinrichtungen wie einfache Rutschen können Bestandteil eines gesicherten Transportes werden, wenn zum Beispiel eine Schleuse in oder an der Zwischenwand vorgesehen ist. Vorstehende Zweiraumtechnik mit Schleuse kann auch in einem Gebäude Anwendung finden.It is advantageous to divide the roll-off container into two rooms, one of which is located at the rear end of the container, where large-volume containers are usually provided with two doors. This space can be advantageously used to set up the collection of waste accumulated. This space may otherwise be locked so that the garbage cans can be safely accessed for garbage collection.
The waste produced with the document shredder is preferably transported in secured form through the space dividing partition of the container in the respective collection containers. Secured means that there is no access to the document shredder due to the transport device. As a transport device for a secure transport suitable for example screw conveyors. But other otherwise insecure transport facilities such as simple chutes can be part of a secured transport, if, for example, a lock is provided in or on the partition. The above two-room technology with lock can also be used in a building.

Die Schleuse kann den Transportweg von dem Aktenvernichter bis zur Schleuse verschließen, wenn der Raum von der Schleuse zum Sammelbehälter offen ist und umgekehrt. Dazu eignet sich zum Beispiel eine Schleuse mit einem Drehschieber, der zwingend eine Öffnung des Schleusenbehälters verschließt und eine andere Öffnung öffnet. Vorteilhafter weise kann das so eingerichtet werden, dass nicht gleichzeitig geöffnet und wieder geschlossen wird. Das wird erreicht, wenn die Öffnungen im Drehschieber und im Schleusenbehälter/Schleusengehäuse so versetzt sind, dass eine aktenvernichterseitige Öffnung im Schleusengehäuse erst geöffnet wird, nachdem die andere, sammelbehälterseitige Öffnung geschlossen bzw. die sammelbeseitige Öffnung erst geöffnet wird, wenn die aktenvernichterseitige Öffnung geschlossen ist. Die Schleuse kann bedarfsorientiert betätigt werden. Das heißt, durch eine eingebaute Waage oder einen Bewegungsmelder oder auch nur durch einen Füllstandsmelder kann die Schleuse bzw. die Transporteinrichtung in Gang gebracht werden.
Dazu besitzt die Schleuse vorzugsweise einen Antrieb, der mit dem Melder an die gleiche SPS-Steuerung angeschlossen ist, welche auch den Aktenvernichter steuert.The lock can close the transport path from the document shredder to the lock when the space from the lock to the collection container is open and vice versa. This is for example a lock with a rotary valve, which necessarily closes an opening of the lock container and opens another opening. Advantageously, this can be set up so that it does not open and close again at the same time. This is achieved when the openings in the rotary valve and in the lock container / lock housing are offset so that a shredder-side opening in the lock housing is opened only after the other, Sammelbehälterseitige opening closed or the Sammelbeseitige opening is opened only when the shredder side opening is closed , The lock can be operated according to demand. That is, by a built-in scale or a motion detector or even by a level indicator, the lock or the transport device can be started.
For this purpose, the lock preferably has a drive which is connected to the detector to the same PLC control, which also controls the shredder.

Vorteilhafterweise erlaubt das Volumen des Absetzcontainers in dem vorderen Raum nicht nur den Einbau des Aktenvernichters, sondern auch den Einbau eines Generators für die Stromversorgung sowie den Einbau eines Wasserbehälters für die Stromversorgung. Mit dem Wasserbehälter und der Stromversorgung kann der Aktenvernichter überall aufgestellt werden, wo es an ausreichender Stromversorgung und/oder Wasserversorgung fehlt.
Das schließt eine Wasserzuführung und eine Stromzuführung von außen zum Container nicht aus.Advantageously, the volume of the Absetzcontainers in the front room not only allows the installation of shredders, but also the installation of a generator for the power supply and the installation of a water tank for the power supply. With the water tank and the power supply, the shredder can be placed anywhere where there is a lack of sufficient power and / or water supply.
This does not exclude a water supply and a power supply from the outside to the container.

Die Verwendung eines Containers mit Zwischenboden erlaubt eine vorteilhafte Belüftung des Containers, wenn der Raum zwischen Containerboten und Zwischenboden eine Zuluftöffnung besitzt, sich im Zwischenboden weitere Öffnungen befinden und zum Beispiel am oberen Ende einer Containerwand eine Abluftöffnung vorgesehen ist. Dann bildet sich schon ein erheblicher Luftzug. Der Luftzug kann noch durch einen elektrischen Lüfter verbessert werden.Vorzugsweise ist der Lüfter innen im Container vor der Abluftöffnung angeordnet.The use of a container with intermediate bottom allows advantageous ventilation of the container, if the space between container messengers and false floor has a Zuluftöffnung, there are more openings in the intermediate floor and, for example, at the upper end of a container wall an exhaust port is provided. Then there is already a considerable draft. The draft can still be improved by an electric fan. Preferably, the fan is arranged inside the container in front of the exhaust air opening.

Die Zugänglichkeit des vorderen Raumes für die Montage, Wartung und Bedienung des Aktenvernichters kann mit einer entsprechenden Tür an dem vorderen Raum hergestellt werden.The accessibility of the front room for the installation, maintenance and operation of the shredder can be made with a corresponding door to the front room.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt. Die dargestellte Vorrichtung dient in einer Betriebsweise zur Zerkleinerung von Papier.In the drawing, an embodiment is shown. The illustrated device serves in a mode of operation for shredding paper.

Dabei wird beschriebenes Papier mittels eines Förderbandes 10 in einen Aufgabetrichter 1 aufgegeben.
Unter dem Aufgabetrichter ist ein Vorzerkleinerer 10 angeordnet. Der Vorzerkleinerer 10 besitzt zwei Messerwellen, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und im Ausführungsbeispiel in der gleichen Höhe liegen. Die Antriebe beider Messerwellen sind mit 11 und 12 bezeichnet. Auf den Messerwellen sitzen Messerscheiben, die am Umfang mit Nocken versehen sind. Die Messerscheiben beider Messerwellen überlappen einander, wobei jede Messerscheibe der einen Welle zwischen zwei andere Messerscheiben der anderen Welle greift. Dadurch werden das von dem Aufgabetrichter 1 in den Einzugsbereich beider Messerwellen gelenkte Papier von den Messerwellen erfasst und in Streifen geschnitten.In this case, described paper is fed by means of a conveyor belt 10 in a hopper 1.
Under the hopper a pre-shredder 10 is arranged. The pre-shredder 10 has two cutter shafts parallel to each other are arranged and in the embodiment lie in the same height. The drives of both blade shafts are denoted by 11 and 12. On the knife shafts there are knife discs, which are provided with cams on the circumference. The blade discs of both blade shafts overlap each other, each blade disc which engages a shaft between two other blade discs of the other shaft. As a result, the paper guided by the feeding hopper 1 into the catchment area of both cutter shafts is caught by the cutter shafts and cut into strips.

Die anfallenden Papierstreifen fallen nach unten und gelangen in den Einzugsbereich eines Schlagwerkes 4.
Der Einzugsbereich wird durch propellerartige Arme 14 und 15 gebildet. Die Arme 14 und 15 sitzen auf zwei neben einander angeordnete Wellen 16. Die Wellen 16 sind in einem Gehäuse 17 drehbeweglich gelagert. Dabei sind die Wellen 16 am austrittsseitigen Ende des Gehäuses 17 in Lagern 18 drehbeweglich gehalten.
Weitere Lager 19 sind an anderer Stelle im Gehäuse 17 vorgesehen.
Die Wellen 16 ragen durch die Lager 19 hindurch, so dass über Kupplungen 20 eine Antriebsverbindung mit Antriebsmotoren 21 herstellbar ist. Es handelt sich Motore, deren Drehrichtung umkehrbar ist, so dass die Vorrichtung von Vorlauf auf Rücklauf umstellbar ist.The resulting paper strips fall down and get into the catchment area of a striking mechanism. 4
The catchment area is formed by propeller-like arms 14 and 15. The arms 14 and 15 sit on two adjacent shafts 16. The shafts 16 are rotatably mounted in a housing 17. The shafts 16 are rotatably held at the outlet end of the housing 17 in bearings 18.
Further bearings 19 are provided elsewhere in the housing 17.
The shafts 16 protrude through the bearings 19 so that a drive connection with drive motors 21 can be produced via couplings 20. There are motors whose direction of rotation is reversible, so that the device is convertible from flow to return.

Die Welle 16 tragen auch verschiedene Schlagsterne 6. Jeder Schlagstern 6 besitzt vier gleichmäßig am Umfang verteilte Schlagarme.
Im Betriebsfall werden die aus dem Vorzerkleinerer fallenden Papierstreifen von den Armen 15 erfaßt und in Richtung der Schlagarme 16 gefördert.
Die Schlagarme 16 zerschlagen die Papierstreifen zu kleinen unregelmäßigen Partikeln, welche zumindest am Rand zerfasert sind. Die Schlagarbeit erfolgt im Ausführungsbeispiel unter Zugabe von 40 Gew% Wasser, bezogen auf die Abfallmenge aus Papier und Wasser. Das bewirkt eine starke Durchfeuchtung der Partikel. Die Partikel klumpen. Sie verbinden sich zu Krümeln, die aus einer Austragöffnung 25 des Gehäuses herausgedrückt werden. Die Krümel fallen aus der Austragöffnung vor die Vorrichtung. In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen fallen die Krümel in einen Behälter, mit dem die Krümel abtransportiert werden können.
In weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen werden die den Abfall bildenden Krümel mit einer Fördereinrichtung wie eine Förderschnecke oder einem Förderband abtransportiert.The shaft 16 also carry various striker stars 6. Each striker 6 has four evenly distributed around the perimeter arms.
In operation, the paper strip falling from the pre-shredder are detected by the arms 15 and conveyed in the direction of the beater arms 16.
The beater arms 16 smash the paper strips into small irregular particles which are frayed at least at the edge. The impact work is carried out in the embodiment with the addition of 40% by weight of water, based on the Waste amount of paper and water. This causes a strong moisture penetration of the particles. The particles clump. They combine to crumbs, which are pushed out of a discharge opening 25 of the housing. The crumbs fall out of the discharge opening in front of the device. In other embodiments, the crumbs fall into a container with which the crumbs can be removed.
In further embodiments, the crumbs forming the waste are transported away with a conveyor such as a screw conveyor or a conveyor belt.

Die Förderwirkung der Arme 15 entsteht durch Schrägflächen 30 an den Armen 15; die Förderwirkung der Schlagsterne 6 durch Schrägflachen 31 an deren Armen.The conveying effect of the arms 15 is created by inclined surfaces 30 on the arms 15; the conveying effect of the striker stars 6 by inclined surfaces 31 at the arms.

Der erfindungsgemäße Aktenvernichter ist im Ausführungsbeispiel in einem befahrbaren Kellerraum aufgestellt, so dass der aus der Zerkleinerung anfallende Abfall in eine Box aufgegeben werden kann und die Box mit einem Gabelstapler oder einem anderen, vorzugsweise motorisierten Fahrzeug zur Entleerung abgefahren werden kann.The document shredder according to the invention is set up in the exemplary embodiment in a passable basement room, so that the waste resulting from the crushing can be placed in a box and the box can be driven with a forklift or other, preferably motorized vehicle for emptying.

In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen befindet sich der erfindungsgemäße Aktenvernichter in einem im Freien stehenden transportablen Container mit Strom- und Wasseranschlüssen. Der Container ist in Fig. mit strich-punktierten Linien 130 dargestellt.In other embodiments, the document shredder according to the invention is in an outdoor standing transportable container with power and water connections. The container is shown in Fig. With dash-dotted lines 130.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Abrollcontainers mit einer Zwischenwand 133, welche den Containerinnenraum in zwei Räume 131 und 132 unterteilt. Im Raum 131 steht der Aktenvernichter 135. Im anderen Raum 132 steht der Sammelbehälter 136. Von dem Aktenvernichter135 führt eine Förderleitung 140 für den befeuchteten Abfall durch die Zwischenwand 133 zu dem Sammelbehälter 136. In der Förderleitung 140 befindet sich im Bereich der Zwischenwand 133 eine Schleuse 141.
Der Raum 131 ist durch eine Türe 134 für Bedienungsleute zugänglich.
Der Raum 132 ist durch eine Tür 137 für die Abholung des Abfalls zugänglich. Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a roll-off container with an intermediate wall 133, which divides the container interior into two spaces 131 and 132. In the room 131 is the shredder 135. In the other room 132 is the sump 136. From the shredder 135 leads a Delivery line 140 for the humidified waste through the intermediate wall 133 to the sump 136. In the delivery line 140 is located in the region of the intermediate wall 133 a lock 141st
The room 131 is accessible through a door 134 for operators.
The room 132 is accessible through a door 137 for the collection of the waste.

Claims (12)

  1. Method for the destruction of paper that is provided with confidential information, wherein comminution is carried out,
    characterised in that the paper is comminuted in animpact mechanism and water is added,
    characterised in that the paper is transformed into a crumbly form by the addition of at least 10 wt %, preferably at least 20 wt % and still more preferably at least 30 wt % water and most preferably 40 wt %, plus/minus 5 wt % of water, based on the amount of paper and water.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised by a continuous addition of water or by a periodic addition of water, wherein the duration of the addition and/or the length of time between the periods of addition is adjustable, wherein the addition of water is preferably effected by injection prior to the comminution and/or during the comminution of the paper.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the use ofan impact mechanism having a plurality of rotating strike arms that possess a conveying effect due to the inclined surfaces on the strike arms,
    wherein the conveying effect of the impact stars is preferably reversible by means of additional inclined surfaces on the strike arms and by the reverse movement of the strike arms, wherein still more preferably the impact mechanism automatically runs backwards in the case of a blockage,
    wherein after the reverse movement most preferably it is switched again into the forward movement.
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised by multiple automatic changes of alternating forward and backward movements after a blockage and/or
    at the end of the comminution work the impact mechanism is run empty.
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised by the use of impact mechanisms with strike arms that are seated on shafts, wherein the strike arms, together or in groups or individually are exchangeable, wherein the space between each shaft is greater than the length from a shaft to the tip of the strike arm, such that the rotating strike arms of the one shaft engage with the revolving strike arms of the other shaft or are spaced apart from one another, wherein preferably an impact mechanism is used in which the spacing between the strike arms seated on a shaft in the axial direction of the shaft is equal to at most 1.5 times or equal to the thickness of the strike arm or less than the thickness of the strike arm,
    wherein still more preferably the spacing between the strike arms in the axial direction of the shaft is adjustable.
  6. Method according to claim 5, characterised by the use of an impact mechanism with a housing that surrounds the strike arms at a distance that is equal to 0.2 times to 1.5 times the distance between adjacent strike arms in the axial direction of the shaft, preferably at most equal to the distance between the strike arms in the axial direction, still more preferably equal to at most 0.7 times the distance between the strike arms in the axial direction,
    wherein most preferably an impact mechanism is used which has strike arms that exhibit an inclined surface that results in a conveying effect, preferably with two inclined surfaces, of which one exhibits a conveying effect during the forward movement of the shaft/strike arm,
    and the other exhibits a conveying effect during the backward movement of the shaft/strike arm, wherein the inclined surfaces are curved and/or straight.
  7. Method according to claim 5 or 6, characterised by the use of strike arms that at the edges exhibit a curvature of at least 0.5 mm radius, still more preferably of at least 1 mm.
  8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised by a pre-comminution of the paper before it is fed into the impact mechanism,
    preferably by the use of a pre-comminutor with a cutting unit that initially produces paper strips from the paper to be destroyed, said paper strips being subsequently comminuted, wherein
    still more preferably a feed device is used that is located between the pre-comminutor and the impact mechanism, wherein the feed device takes up the paper strips exiting vertically from the pre-comminutor and slides them horizontally into the impact mechanism.
  9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised by the use of different striking tools, preferably by the use of striking tools that have at least partially a propeller-like design, still more preferably by the use of impact mechanisms with strike arms that are seated on rotating shafts, wherein the strike arms are welded directly onto the shafts or are detachably seated on the shafts by means of sleeves, wherein the strike arms are preferably arranged in groups, still more preferably with strike arms that are arranged in the form of impact stars
    and most preferably
    by the use ofimpact mechanisms having strike arms that can be exchanged individually and/or in groups.
  10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the power consumption of the drive motors of the comminution device is measured and the comminution device is wholly or partially controlled as a function of the power consumption of the drive motors
    preferably by adding water as the power consumption increases so as to overcome an increased resistance against the movement of the impactmechanism and still more preferably by reversing the rotational direction of the drive motors for the comminution when a power consumption is reached that is typicallythat observed when the comminution device clogs up.
  11. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised by the automatic reversal of the drive motors after a clogging up and the subsequent backward rotation of the drive motors and/or
    that in the event of a prolonged operational interruption the comminution device is run empty at least in the moisture-impacted section.
  12. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised by the use of a container, preferably designed as a roll-on/off container, for installing and transporting the comminution device, wherein the comminution device is fixed to the container floor, preferably with a built-in water tank for the addition of water and a built-in power source for the power supply,
    preferably
    by dividing the container into at least two compartments, one of which intended for the comminution device, and in the other compartment there is provided at least one collection container for the crumbly waste, wherein both compartments are separately accessible to the operators,
    wherein the waste is transported through the wall separating the two compartments by a transport device, wherein a gate is provided in the region of the wall, such that the compartment with the comminution device is inaccessible from the collection compartment for the waste.
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DE102017103844A1 (en) 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 Recuperma Gmbh Device for processing materials
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DE102019131615B3 (en) 2019-11-22 2020-12-31 REISSWOLF Akten- und Datenvernichtung GmbH & Co. KG Process and system for mobile destruction of data media in collection vehicles as required
DE102021120953B3 (en) 2021-08-11 2022-08-11 REISSWOLF Akten- und Datenvernichtung GmbH & Co. KG Process and system for needs-based and mobile destruction of data carriers in collection vehicles

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DE202015009626U1 (en) 2018-11-15
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DE202015009627U1 (en) 2018-11-15
EP3215273B8 (en) 2019-07-31

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