EP3710405A1 - Procédé pour la synthèse solide d'oxydes métalliques mixtes ainsi que pour la modification de surface de ces matériaux et utilisation de ces matériaux dans des batteries, en particulier comme matériaux cathodiques - Google Patents

Procédé pour la synthèse solide d'oxydes métalliques mixtes ainsi que pour la modification de surface de ces matériaux et utilisation de ces matériaux dans des batteries, en particulier comme matériaux cathodiques

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Publication number
EP3710405A1
EP3710405A1 EP18807036.1A EP18807036A EP3710405A1 EP 3710405 A1 EP3710405 A1 EP 3710405A1 EP 18807036 A EP18807036 A EP 18807036A EP 3710405 A1 EP3710405 A1 EP 3710405A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
less
metal
materials
energy input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18807036.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Lautenschläger
jens Lautenschläger
Sebastian Oberwalder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iontech Systems AG
Original Assignee
Iontech Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iontech Systems AG filed Critical Iontech Systems AG
Publication of EP3710405A1 publication Critical patent/EP3710405A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/40—Nickelates
    • C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
    • C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/126—Microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
    • C01G1/02—Oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0407—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on an electrolyte layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a synthesis process for the preparation of metal mixed oxides, preferably transition metal mixed oxides, particularly suitable for use in batteries.
  • the synthesis is carried out by contactless energy input, preferably by electromagnetic radiation, and particularly preferably by microwave radiation.
  • the starting materials are present as pre-shredded particles in the stoichiometric ratio.
  • the starting metals are preferably present as salts, particularly preferably as acetates.
  • the metal mixed oxides prepared according to the invention are further processed in stages for use in batteries, in particular surface-coated with a special process.
  • the surface coating is carried out by providing a suitable carbon source and non-contact energy input, preferably by electromagnetic radiation, and particularly preferably with microwave radiation.
  • electrolytes in particular solid electrolytes, directly into the cathode materials or on their surfaces, as part of the material synthesis.
  • etching for the production of multiphase materials and quenching to improve the internal homogeneity.
  • the materials produced according to the invention can be the basis of a novel battery production technology in which the manufacture of the batteries can be carried out without the presence of (alkaline) alkali metals.
  • these materials are independent of the type of cation source used and thus equally suitable for a variety of different cation sources, which in particular brings significant cost savings and processing advantages.
  • NMC nickel-manganese-cobalt
  • the processing of the base material takes place alkali-free, with the addition of sodium only during battery formation.
  • electrolytes are generally likewise added in liquid form, for example as (standard) liquid electrolytes, or as a suspension of solid electrolytes.
  • the present invention provides a route to dry synthesis that eliminates the need for wet chemicals and solvents, resulting in significant cost and environmental benefits. Likewise, the number of necessary process steps can be significantly reduced, which offers further significant cost advantages.
  • the process according to the invention also proves to be superior in terms of further processability in that, surprisingly, the material produced according to the invention can be directly equipped with solid electrolytes, which can be added later to the electrolytes and optionally also to the wet-chemical suspension coating (slurry coating) process makes unnecessary, or at least leads to a significant reduction of the necessary additional chemicals (such as binders). Likewise, surprisingly, it is possible to add the cation source only later as part of the battery forming process.
  • the invention provides specific dopant materials for battery materials, particularly nickel manganese cobalt cathode materials ("NMC materials”), which greatly facilitate the use of cation sources other than lithium, particularly sodium, magnesium and aluminum.
  • NMC materials nickel manganese cobalt cathode materials
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of mixed metal oxide particles in which particles are reacted from starting compounds by non-contact energy input.
  • a mixed metal oxide (metal mixed oxide) or transition metal mixed oxide is a mixed metal oxide comprising two or more (transition) metals.
  • a mixed metal oxide comprises three or more (transition) metals, more preferably three to six (transition) metals, more preferably four or more (transition) metals, and most preferably four or five (transition) metals.
  • a transition metal mixed oxide comprises 1 to 4 transition metals.
  • a mixed metal oxide or transition metal mixed oxide may also comprise a nonmetal such as phosphorus, especially if only one or two metals are included (eg LiFePO 4 or the like).
  • a mixed metal oxide produced by the process of the present invention comprises at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, zinc, silver, and cadmium. Particularly preferred is at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and yttrium.
  • a mixed metal oxide comprises at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and / or aluminum, and / or tin.
  • the alkali or alkaline earth metal is selected from lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium.
  • Preferred mixed metal oxides include nickel, manganese and cobalt, preferably in combination with lithium, sodium, magnesium and / or aluminum.
  • Other preferred mixed metal oxides include cobalt, nickel, manganese, and yttrium, preferably in combination with lithium or sodium.
  • Other preferred mixed metal oxides include iron and lithium in combination with phosphorus.
  • a mixed metal oxide or transition metal mixed oxide preferably comprises at least one (transition) metal oxide and at least one further element, which may also be an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or a nonmetal.
  • the mixed oxide comprises two to five elements plus oxygen, more preferably at least one transition metal and at least one (alkaline) alkali metal plus oxygen.
  • Examples of particularly preferred mixed metal oxides comprising a transition metal and an alkali metal include LiCoO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 and Li 4 Ti 5 O 2 , as well as spinels such as LiMn 2 O 4 , and the like.
  • Examples which additionally comprise a nonmetal include LiFePC, LiFeYPO 4 and the like.
  • the starting compounds are preferably salts of the corresponding metals (for example, acetate salts or acetate salt hydrates) provided as particles in the stoichiometric ratio required for the desired product.
  • the particles of the starting compounds preferably have a particle size of up to a few millimeters, for example 10 mm or smaller, more preferably 5 mm or smaller, more preferably 2 mm or smaller, more preferably 1 mm or smaller, and particularly preferably 0.5 mm or smaller.
  • the synthesis of the desired mixed metal oxides takes place in that the starting materials to particles having a particle size of 250 microns or smaller ( ⁇ 250pm), more preferably of 100 microns or smaller ( ⁇ 100pm), more preferably of 50 pm or less ( ⁇ 50pm), more preferably twenty microns or smaller ( ⁇ 20pm), more preferably ten microns or less ( ⁇ 10pm), more preferably one micron or less ( ⁇ 1pm), and most preferably 0, 1pm or less ( ⁇ 0). lpm), or particles are provided with this particle size, and then initiated by contactless energy input, a synthesis of these particles.
  • an additional treatment step may be required to prepare mixed metal oxide particles suitable for battery applications.
  • a preferred example of such a treatment is, for example. a homogenization step, for example by treatment with an Ultratorrax mixer, by treatment with ultrasound in solution, or the like.
  • the necessary additional steps for washing out / rinsing or separation / filtration increase the effort and cost of the synthesis. For example, they may also be associated with disadvantages such as increased energy expenditure, wastewater problems, solvent disposal, detoxification of vapors, etc.
  • the size of the particles of the starting compounds can be adjusted by sieving, for example. Particle size measurement may also be performed optically, optionally using appropriate (e.g., microscopic or electron microscopic) magnification.
  • the particles of the starting compounds can be used with or without additional solvents, catalysts or other process aids, preferably without.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly preferably carried out as a solid-state reaction, in particular as a dry solid-state reaction.
  • the inventive method neither precipitates the starting materials at a specific heat source, nor does the particles cake significantly larger units / lumps or even a melt.
  • the particles of the starting compound are used in the form of a dry mixture of separate particles from in each case one starting compound, wherein the individual particles are not interconnected, agglomerated, aggregated, compressed or the like.
  • the particles of the starting compounds must be small enough.
  • a comminution to the orders of magnitude described above is required.
  • Preferred crushing method is the use of eddy current mills (Jet Mill).
  • hydrates provided starting materials (for example: cobalt (II) acetate tetrahydrate, nickel (II) acetate tetrahydrate, manganese (II) - acetate tetrahydrate, manganese (III) Acetate dihydrate, lithium acetate dihydrate), after initial comminution (eg, to about one hundred microns (100pm)) to dehydrate, making these materials porous, and particularly suitable for a further comminution are suitable.
  • the materials can also be calcined, ie the salts are converted by heating with elimination of the volatile counterion in the oxide form.
  • the dehydrogenation and / or calcining can be carried out by any known method, in particular by heating with contactless energy input, more preferably by microwave input under negative pressure.
  • the resulting porous materials can then be facilitated further reduced, resulting in a particularly small particle size can result.
  • very good mixing of the particles takes place in the eddy current mill when, as is preferred, all the metals or metal salts are already ground together.
  • the particles are preferably provided in the desired direct stoichiometric ratio of the desired products.
  • the energy input must be contactless.
  • Preferred method is irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with a wavelength of 200 nm to 50 cm.
  • Particularly preferred here is the use of a microwave source which directly excites the metal particles.
  • Suitable microwave sources are magnetrons that emit microwave radiation in the wavelength range of 1 cm to 50 cm (600 MHz to 30 GHz) with a power of 20 to 2000 watts.
  • standard magnetrons can be used, for example, at a power of 500 to 1000 watts microwaves with a wavelength of about 12 cm (2.45 GHz, 2.455 GHz, 2.46 GHz) or with a wavelength of about 30 cm (860 MHz, 915 MHz).
  • lasers, electromagnetic induction or electron beams are basically also suitable as energy sources, with electron beams and lasers being less costly as expensive energy sources, and possibly having to use different starting materials in the case of electromagnetic induction, which can likewise have a negative effect on the economy.
  • lasers are CO / CO 2 lasers or solid lasers, preferably diode lasers, for example a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd: YAG). Due to the non-contact entry, the energy is transferred directly to the individual particles, or the heating proceeds directly from them by coupling the shaft. The number of impacts necessary for the synthesis is (only) reached where it is needed.
  • the preferred particle size of the final products is 20 microns or smaller, more preferably 10 microns or smaller, and most preferably 1 micron or smaller.
  • the energy input preferably takes place with constant movement of the particles, for example by stirring and / or rotation of the reaction vessel and / or passing through an inclined plane.
  • the starting materials are present as solids comprising vaporizable fractions, more preferably as salts.
  • the salts acetates are particularly preferred.
  • the salts are more preferably in the form of hydrates (for example: cobalt (II) acetate tetrahydrate, nickel (II) acetate tetrahydrate, manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate, manganese (III) acetate dihydrate, lithium acetate dihydrate ).
  • reaction of other salts such as carbonates to acetates as a precursor of the same process possible (eg: L1 2 CO 3 + 2 CH 3 COOH -> 2 CH 3 COOL1 + CO 2 + H 2 O), preferably supported by contactless entry of reaction energy, for example by microwave radiation.
  • an electrolyte preferably a solid electrolyte and / or an organo-gel electrolyte
  • the solid electrolyte can already be provided during the synthesis in a suitable form-also as a combination of precursor substances-as well as applied (directly) after completion of the synthesis in a further process step with contactless energy input.
  • Organo-gel electrolytes are applied after completion of the synthesis.
  • Preferred solid electrolytes are in particular Lithim-rich Antiperovskite (lithium rich anti-Perovskites, such as: Li 3 OBr or Li 3 OCl), boron hydrides (such as: BH 4 , for example: LiBH 4 , NaBH 4 ) and lithium salts with sulfur-containing anions, in particular Li 2 S or Li 3 PS 4 , as well as lithium phosphate nitrate (Li 3 P0 4 N).
  • Li 3 OBr or Li 3 OCl lithium rich anti-Perovskites
  • boron hydrides such as: BH 4 , for example: LiBH 4 , NaBH 4
  • lithium salts with sulfur-containing anions in particular Li 2 S or Li 3 PS 4
  • Li 2 S or Li 3 PS 4 lithium phosphate nitrate
  • the porous structure can be prevented or destroyed by internal compression processes (quenching) of the material.
  • a rapid cooling of the surface after the synthesis or a constant cooling of the environment during the synthesis whereby the surface remains significantly colder or cools much faster than the core, and thus there is an internal compression (quenching) of the material.
  • the advantage is exploited that due to the contactless energy input takes place only a one-off heating, and thus a cooling both during the process is possible without significantly affecting the process, and the energy expenditure remains justifiable.
  • Quenching preferably takes place by supplying (relatively) cool gas or transferring the hot particles into a microwave-transparent liquid which is present at room temperature (about 20 ° C.).
  • room temperature about 20 ° C.
  • Another processing step which can be done either at this point in the process or at a later time, or can be completely omitted, is the etching (etching) of the particles. This serves in particular to achieve a phase transition or layer structure within the produced particles, for example in the preferred NMC cathode materials.
  • lithium is removed from a lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide from the outer layers of the particles.
  • This is preferably done by heating the particles, preferably by non-contact energy input / microwave, in a suitable reactive atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon, and a reactive gas such as ammonia (NH 3 ) and / or sulfur hexafluoride (SF ⁇ ).
  • the reactive atmosphere comprises the reactive gas in low concentrations (eg Ar 98% SF 6 2%), since the reaction can proceed strongly exothermic.
  • the metal mixed oxide particles produced according to the invention are preferably coated with a carbon layer after their preparation (and optionally with addition of electrolyte and / or quenching and / or etching).
  • This coating can be carried out in direct connection to the first synthesis step by bringing the already heated / heated particles into contact with a carbon source in the absence of oxygen.
  • the oxygen exclusion can be achieved by a protective atmosphere or by reaction in a liquid.
  • the under constant movement of the particles for example by stirring and / or rotation of the reaction vessel and / or passing through an inclined plane takes place.
  • the coating is preferably carried out with further heating by non-contact energy input with electromagnetic radiation from the microwave range to the high-frequency range (wavelength 200 nm to 50 cm), more preferably by microwave radiation in the range of 1 to 50 cm.
  • the particles can be heated separately or independently of the first step, again preferably by contactless energy input as just described.
  • particles according to the invention are coated by this method.
  • bodies preferably differently produced particles, grains, fibers, hollow fibers or 2D structures, preferably those having a mass of one milligram or less, more preferably those having a mass of one hundred micrograms or less, are coated by this method.
  • a coating of silicon (Si), sulfur (S), semimetals examples are silicon, germanium, arsenic and the like
  • transition metals examples are nickel, manganese, cobalt, iron, copper, Zinc, vanadium, yttrium, silver, niobium, titanium, cadmium and the like, preferably nickel, manganese, cobalt and iron
  • metals examples are aluminum, tin and possibly gallium, lead, bismuth and the like
  • Oxides or a combination of two or more of these materials with silicon, sulfur and oxides of the transition metals being particularly preferred.
  • the coating process according to the invention can of course also be carried out with mixed oxide particles which have not been prepared by the production process according to the invention. Because of this possibility of independent surface treatment, the present process is claimed both in combination with the basic synthesis and independently.
  • the carbon source is in the form of a hydrocarbon source, preferably liquid or gaseous, more preferably a microwave transparent compound.
  • a hydrocarbon source preferably liquid or gaseous, more preferably a microwave transparent compound.
  • liquid pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, including all isomers, for example n-hexane, 2-methylpentane, and all cyclic forms, for example cyclohexane or gaseous: methane, ethane , Propane, n-butane and iso-butane.
  • Gases are preferably present as part of an oxygen-free mixture with nitrogen and / or argon and / or hydrogen, for example: propane 5% hydrogen 2% argon 93%.
  • the particles to be coated are dispersed in the hydrocarbon source.
  • the particles to be coated can be dispersed in a liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon source with constant movement of the particles.
  • heating the particles preferably selectively by non-contact energy input with microwave, it comes to the thermal dissociation of hydrocarbons. Since this takes place directly on the particle surface, the accumulation of the liberated carbon on the particle surface continues. This is supported by the reductive effect of the liberated hydrogen, or of the additional hydrogen present in the protective atmosphere.
  • microwave radiation heats only the particles, but not the carbon source.
  • This allows the process to proceed at moderate ambient temperatures, for example in a cyclohexane bath with a liquid temperature significantly below the boiling point. This hardly leads to undesirable losses of the carbon source. Nevertheless, small quantities which evaporate below the boiling point can easily be enclosed in a closed vessel without risking the development of a particular overpressure, and recovery from the then very cool exhaust air is also easily possible.
  • the accumulated carbon is not or only very badly heated. This leads to the formation of the carbon layer being hindered or slowed down by already existing carbon deposits, which results in a very homogeneous and very thin coating.
  • Such thin homogeneous coatings are particularly suitable for technical applications, in particular as battery materials. For example, a very thin carbon coating leads to significant savings of conductive additives and cathode volume, for example in the case of cathode materials Significant cost savings also leads to a significant increase in volumetric capacity.
  • the particles can be coated by means of this method not only with carbon, but also with other materials targeted, for example, with silicon and the like, and in particular with solid electrolytes or their precursors.
  • Preferred examples are, for example, Li 2 S, Li 3 OBr or Li 3 OCl, boron hydrides (eg BH 4 , for example: LiBH 4 , NaBH 4 ) and Li 3 PO 4 N and the like.
  • the material according to the invention can remain free of alkali or alkaline-earth metals during the stack / cell / battery production process
  • the selected ions are preferably used in the Frame of the cell or battery stack molding process as "liquid A" injected into the cathode.
  • the liquid A is preferably a solution of a salt of the metal in a suitable solvent, preferably
  • the doping is preferably carried out by simultaneous synthesis according to one of the methods described above.
  • injection process per se corresponds to the state of the art for such processes, and can be carried out in any of the embodiments used as standard for such processes.
  • the selection of the appropriate process will usually be made in adaptation to the existing or desired production plant.
  • each cell chamber is separately supplied with the alkali ion source, with the liquid circulating through appropriate inlet and outlet ports until the appropriate cell parameters are achieved.
  • one or more of the following parameters are preferably measured at the respective poles or ports and optionally influenced / varied in a suitable manner: voltage, temperature, pressure, impedance, molarity / concentration and flow rates of the fluid A (preferably both at the inlet and outlet ports) also outlet). Since this manufacturing method is not limited to the subject battery, but is suitable for a variety of types of batteries, this is claimed both in combination with the subject battery, as well as independently.
  • Example 1 As in Example 1, but additionally 8.4 g of lithium chloride and 5.9 g of lithium oxide, also pre-reduced to particle sizes less than 10 micrometers presented, the microwave power is increased to 700 watts. When further processing to a battery can be dispensed with the addition of an electrolyte.
  • Example 1 instead of further processing the material resulting from Example 1 directly into batteries, 100 ml of cyclohexane are added after heating for 10 minutes. The particles are then heated for a further 10 minutes with a microwave power of 500 watts to coat them with carbon.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation de particules d'oxydes métalliques mixtes dans lequel des particules en composés de départ sont transformées par une introduction d'énergie sans contact. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé pour le revêtement de corps, de préférence de particules métalliques de transition ou métalliques, de particules d'oxyde métallique ou d'oxyde métallique de transition, de particules d'oxyde métallique mixte ou d'oxyde métallique de transition mixte ou de particules de silicium ou de soufre, plus préférablement de celles qui présentent respectivement une masse inférieure à 1 mg et/ou qui se trouvent sous forme de grains, de fibres, de fibres creuses ou de structures 2D, par chauffage en l'absence d'oxygène et avec une présence simultanée d'une source de carbone.
EP18807036.1A 2017-11-17 2018-11-16 Procédé pour la synthèse solide d'oxydes métalliques mixtes ainsi que pour la modification de surface de ces matériaux et utilisation de ces matériaux dans des batteries, en particulier comme matériaux cathodiques Pending EP3710405A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017220619.5A DE102017220619A1 (de) 2017-11-17 2017-11-17 Verfahren zur Feststoffsynthese von Metall-Mischoxiden sowie Oberflächenmodifikation dieser Materialien und Verwendung dieser Materialien in Batterien, insbesondere als Kathodenmaterialien
PCT/EP2018/081503 WO2019096967A1 (fr) 2017-11-17 2018-11-16 Procédé pour la synthèse solide d'oxydes métalliques mixtes ainsi que pour la modification de surface de ces matériaux et utilisation de ces matériaux dans des batteries, en particulier comme matériaux cathodiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3710405A1 true EP3710405A1 (fr) 2020-09-23

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Country Status (5)

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US (1) US12030788B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3710405A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111655625A (fr)
DE (1) DE102017220619A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019096967A1 (fr)

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CN112705150B (zh) * 2020-11-05 2022-12-23 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 复合材料制备装置与方法
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