EP3668657B1 - Separation device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for separating feed material, with a plurality of rotating elements designed as screw shafts, the rotating elements forming a deck.

The invention relates in particular to the technical field of sorting and / or classifying feed material, especially in the field of waste separation. A clean or sufficiently precise separation of the feed material into different fractions makes it possible to utilize different fractions of the feed material directly or to be able to use different post-treatment processes. For example, large and / or elongated parts can be separated from smaller particles or components of the feed material.

In connection with the invention, the term “separating” encompasses both classification and sorting. Classification is to be understood as a mechanical separation process for solid mixtures, with different geometric features, for example the size, being used for the separation process. This can be divided into coarse and fine material, among other things. In this context, sorting is understood to be a mechanical separation process in which a solid mixture with different material characteristics is divided into fractions with the same material characteristics. For example, the density, color, shape and wettability or magnetizability of the feed material are suitable for sorting. Accordingly, the term separation in the present invention includes a separation of the feed material so that a division into different fractions can take place. This separation or separation is mostly used for processing recycling material or for classifying at least essentially solid material.

From the EP 1 570 919 B1 a device for sorting essentially solid material is known, so-called spiral rollers rotating about their longitudinal axes in the device disclosed there and the spiral rollers being arranged parallel to one another in approximately one plane. The spiral rollers are only supported on one side and interlock and have the same direction of rotation. The feed material is fed laterally to the longitudinal axes of the spiral rollers. The one in the EP 1 570 919 B1 The device disclosed is for separating the materials to be sorted into two fractions, namely into a long fraction fraction and a fraction of cubic parts is formed above the spiral rollers. In the EP 1 570 919 B1 it is therefore provided that the one-sided storage is used for the separation into at least two fractions above the spiral rollers. A third fraction can be deposited below the spiral rollers, the third fraction, for example, comprising the fine material of the feed material. In connection with the sorting or separation of waste, earth or clay can serve as fine material. At least one fraction can be dropped above the spiral rollers via the open side of the spiral rollers, since these are only held on one side.

The disadvantage of the aforementioned device for separating is that, depending on the feed material, the screw shafts can become soiled, in particular the screw shafts provided at the beginning and / or end of the deck. Particularly in the case of feed materials that tend to wind up, such as plastic straps, long pieces of film or the like, adhesion of the feed material to the outside of the screw shafts cannot be prevented. This can lead to malfunctions in operation or even damage to the device.

The GB 2 274 380 A discloses a device with a plurality of rotating elements in a first plane, further rotating elements being arranged in a further plane which have finger-like projections for cleaning the rotating elements.

The DE 19 845 651 A1 relates to a device for separating and sorting oversize from cohesive mixtures of substances, preferably clay. The device has several lower and upper parallel shafts transversely to the direction of transport of the mixture of substances, on which there are disks at regular intervals, the outer edge of which is not round.

The EP 0 344 851 A1 relates to a device for sorting grain, in which a plurality of rotating elements are arranged.

The EP 2 050 326 A1 relates to a conveying and separating device for root crops. The device has at least two rotatingly driven separating rollers, on which the crop can essentially be passed on on the upper side.

The BE 861 618 A relates to a device with a plurality of rotation elements for the treatment of feed material from the agricultural sector.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art or at least to substantially reduce or weaken them. In particular, it is the object of the present invention to provide a device for separating that ensures cleaning of the rotating elements, in particular outer and / or screw shafts, and / or that reliably removes elongated feed material, such as long foils and / or long plastic strips.

The aforementioned object is achieved in a device for separating of the type mentioned at least essentially in that at least one further rotary element designed as a worm shaft is arranged below the rotary elements forming the deck and that the further rotary element for cleaning a gap between two immediately adjacent rotary elements of the Decks is provided.

The configuration according to the invention makes it possible that the undesired winding, in particular of long film parts and / or film strips, can be avoided or that the feed material that is wound up can be detached and removed from the respective rotary element. The further rotation element thus acts as a cleaning rotation element which can be arranged below the rotation elements and thus below the deck. Because the further rotation element is provided in the space, in particular in the middle, between two immediately adjacent rotation elements of the deck, the further rotation element can reach into the working space of the rotation elements and thus detach any wound feed material from the respective rotation elements.

In connection with the invention, it has been recognized that self-cleaning of the deck, including the first and last rotary elements in the conveying direction, is possible by using further rotary elements. Ultimately, this means that there are no longer any operational stoppages due to necessary cleaning processes or the removal of damage caused by the feed material that is wound up, in particular on the outer rotating elements. At the same time, this significantly increases the working efficiency of the device according to the invention, since operational stoppages due to complex cleaning and maintenance work can be avoided. In particular, the invention ensures that the cleaning, in particular of the outer rotating elements, no longer has to be done manually by the operating personnel, but ultimately automatically takes place through the further rotation elements. As a result, the invention increases the operating efficiency of the device by up to 30%.

The top of the deck is used to load and convey the load. The input material can be very heterogeneous input material, in particular waste, in particular with a wide variety of compositions, and / or residual waste, building rubble, demolition material from the demolition of buildings and / or facilities and / or material from the area of landfill remediation and / or from the forestry sector.

The at least one further rotation element is arranged on the underside of the deck. The length of the further rotation element preferably corresponds to the length of the rotation elements, so that the further rotation element can preferably engage along the entire gap between two immediately adjacent rotation elements.

In addition, the further cleaning roller - the further rotation element - enables elongated, long feed material, which in particular tends to wrap around the rotation elements and / or stick to the rotation elements, to be conveyed away. If elongated feed material wraps around a rotation element and / or adhesive feed material adheres to rotation elements, the further rotation element can be used to specifically engage in the space between two immediately adjacent rotation elements in which, in particular, an elongate and / or adhering input material could have become lodged. Accordingly, this feed material can be released from the respective rotary element and then conveyed away. As a result, the further rotation element increases the safety, the operating time and the system efficiency of the device according to the invention, since downtimes due to a wrapping with elongated and / or adhering feed material or a blockage by the feed material can at least essentially be prevented and / or the frequency of such a malfunction can be reduced significantly.

The further rotation element is preferably arranged centrally between and below two immediately adjacent rotation elements. If the further rotation element is designed as a worm shaft, its helix can engage in the working space of the immediately adjacent rotation elements. To increase the self-cleaning effect, the clear distance between the outer edge of the spiral of the further rotation element and the core tube of the directly neighboring rotation element are chosen as small as possible, so that the self-cleaning process can be carried out in a targeted and purposeful manner.

The width of the deck can correspond to the length of the rotation elements, it being possible for the rotation elements to have at least substantially the same length.

The length of the deck can be selected as a function of the number of rotation elements and their respective outer diameter, whereby the length can be adapted according to the feed material and the desired conveying result.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the further rotation element can protrude in the area below the deck into the area between the first and the second rotation element. It is provided in particular that the further rotation element engages in the working space and / or in the space between the first and the second rotation element. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the further rotation element protrudes in the area below the deck into the area between the penultimate and the last rotation element. The further rotation element can engage in the intermediate space and / or the working space between the penultimate and the last rotation element. The arrangement of the rotary elements is understood such that the first rotary element can be arranged at the beginning of the loading of the feed material and that the last rotary element can be arranged in the area of a possible drop transversely to the longitudinal axes of the rotary elements. Accordingly, the ascending numbering of the rotating elements in the conveying direction can result.

The aforementioned embodiment is particularly suitable because when the invention came about it was found that the outer rotation elements are clogged, while this effect does not occur in the case of the rotation elements of the deck arranged between the outer rotation elements. The reason for this is that central rotation elements are each adjacent to two rotation elements, so that in the case of the central rotation elements it is ensured that the respective coils engage in the respective associated working space or the space between the rotation elements and in this way a deposit of feed material avoid and / or convey the feed material away accordingly. With the outer, i.e. the first and the last rotation element of the deck, this is not the case, since only one rotation element is adjacent to the first and the last rotation element. The self-cleaning effect of the outer rotation elements and thus of the entire separating device is improved by the further rotation element assigned to the first and / or the last rotation element, which however does not belong to the deck and is also not located in the deck plane.

The conveying direction extends obliquely and / or transversely to the axes of rotation and / or to the longitudinal axes of the rotation elements, that is to say the conveying direction can extend obliquely and / or transversely to the respective axes of rotation. In this context it does not necessarily have to be provided that the conveying direction extends at a 90 ° angle to the axes of rotation.

When separating into more than one fraction, further conveying directions can result, for example a further conveying direction, which is directed towards the underside of the deck, so that this fine-grain fraction can be thrown into the space between adjacent rotating elements below the deck along the further conveying direction .

A further conveying direction can also be arranged obliquely and / or transversely to the conveying direction for conveying a third oversized grain fraction.

Ultimately, it goes without saying that the first rotary element can be arranged at the beginning of the feeding of the feed material and the second rotary element can be arranged downstream of the first rotary element in the conveying direction. The aforementioned numbering also applies to the rotation elements of the deck that adjoin the second rotation element.

The rotation elements of the deck can be arranged in a common, straight plane and accordingly form an at least substantially straight deck for the loading of the feed material on the top. Furthermore, it can also basically be provided that the rotation elements are arranged in a curved separating surface, with at least three rotation elements not being arranged in a common plane. A curvature can in particular be provided at the end of the deck. In the case of a top surface curved at the end, a separation can be provided, for example, in such a way that a release in the direction of the longitudinal axis and / or in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotary elements takes place, however, a discharge in the conveying direction of the rotary elements does not have to take place.

In addition, according to a preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that at least two rotation elements have the same direction of rotation. Preferably, all of the rotation elements have the same direction of rotation, so that a conveying direction that extends obliquely and / or transversely to the axes of rotation of the respective rotation elements results.

If all rotation elements have the same direction of rotation, at least one fraction of the feed material is thrown off via the last rotation element. Ultimately, the ejection can take place on the last rotation element transversely and / or obliquely to the longitudinal axis or rotation axis of the last rotation element.

If the feed material is not to be dropped obliquely and / or transversely to the axis of rotation of the last rotation element, different directions of rotation can also be provided for immediately adjacent rotation elements, so that the feed material remains on the upper side of the deck for a longer period of time and possibly through the deck - as fine grain Fraction - falling through between the rotating elements and above the deck in the direction of rotation - as an oversize fraction - can be discarded.

The further rotation element preferably has the same direction of rotation as the immediately adjacent rotation element. The further rotation element particularly preferably has the same direction of rotation as the two immediately adjacent rotation elements. The efficiency of the self-cleaning can be increased if both the two immediately adjacent rotation elements, in the space between which the further rotation element engages, and the further rotation element have the same direction of rotation. The same direction of rotation is particularly advantageous for avoiding a collision or collision of the further rotation element with the immediately adjacent rotation element. When the same direction of rotation is implemented, a very large outer surface of the immediately adjacent rotary element can be cleaned and in particular kept free of feed material adhering to it and / or wrapping it around it.

According to the invention it is provided that the rotary element and the further rotary element have a core tube and a helix. The helix runs in a spiral around the core tube. The helix is in particular web-shaped, the distance between two immediately adjacent rotation elements from the outer edge of the helix to the core tube of the immediately adjacent rotation element being as small as possible, so that very good results of the self-cleaning process can be achieved. The aforementioned distance is preferably greater than 1 mm and is in particular between 2 and 30 mm. Any individual value between the two aforementioned values is possible.

The coils of immediately adjacent rotation elements can each engage in the working space or the space between two immediately adjacent core tubes. In particular, the helix of the further rotation element also engages in the space between two immediately adjacent rotation elements, so that preferably three helices are arranged in the space between the core tubes of the first and second and / or the penultimate and last rotation element, namely the respective Coils of the immediately adjacent rotary elements and the coil of the further rotary element. A very large area of the outer, exposed areas of the core tube, which are not used to arrange the helix, can be cleaned by the spirally revolving coils of adjacent rotation elements and / or further rotation elements.

The coils of immediately adjacent rotation elements and / or the coil of the further rotation element and the coil of at least one immediately adjacent rotation element preferably interlock. The self-cleaning process can be ensured by the interlocking of the coils, wherein the coils can face one another and together, as explained above, can grip into the space between two immediately adjacent rotation elements. It is particularly preferred if the coils of immediately adjacent rotation elements, which have no further rotation element on the underside, also interlock, so that undesired material adhesions or wraps can be avoided.

In addition, according to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the rotation elements and / or the at least one further rotation element are rotatably mounted on one side and / or on both sides in a holder. The advantages essential to the invention can be achieved with storage on one side as well as on both sides, since the risk of clogging, in particular of the outer rotating elements, with elongated feed material, such as plastic straps, or adhering feed material is present in both types of storage of the rotary elements, so that the self-cleaning process of the separating device can be significantly improved by the further rotary element for both embodiments of the storage.

The advantage of the one-sided mounting and / or mounting is that the cantilevered rotation elements allow a fraction to be dropped in the direction of the rotation or longitudinal axes, that is, transversely to the conveying direction. The fraction of the feed material thrown off via the free ends of the rotating elements cannot get into the area of a holder, so that damage to the device through the dropping of the fraction can be prevented. If the rotary elements and / or the further rotary element are held and / or supported on both sides, a discharge can be provided in the conveying direction and below the deck or through the deck. The rotation elements can be stored securely due to the storage on both sides, even in the event of load peaks of the device according to the invention that may occur during operation.

Ultimately, the mounting and / or holding of the rotary elements and / or the at least one further rotary element is provided in such a way that the rotary elements and / or the at least one further rotary element are securely held and can also withstand high loads due to the feed material to be separated.

In a further preferred embodiment of the separating device according to the invention, the rotary elements and / or the at least one further rotary element are driven via an in particular common drive device. The rotation elements and the at least one further rotation element are preferably connected to one another via a drive device. In particular, a drive means for driving the rotary elements and the at least one further rotary element can be used for the connection. For example, at least one roller chain can be provided as the drive means. As a drive means, the roller chain can connect immediately adjacent rotation elements and / or the further rotation element with immediately adjacent rotation elements.

To couple the roller chain to the respective rotation elements, the latter have a bearing journal at the end, on which there is a coupling area, for example can be in the form of a gear or pinion. For the drive, the roller chain then engages in the respective toothed wheel or wheels.

In addition, it goes without saying that a plurality of drive means can be provided, in particular wherein at least two immediately adjacent rotation elements and / or the further rotation element and at least one immediately adjacent rotation element can be connected to one another via the drive means. Accordingly, at least two drive means can also act on a rotary element. Correspondingly, two corresponding gears or pinions are then provided on the relevant bearing journals of the rotary element. Moreover, it is particularly preferred that two immediately adjacent rotation elements are connected to one another via a drive means. The further rotation element is preferably connected to the first and / or the last rotation element via a drive means.

The drive device and the drive means (s) are preferably designed in such a way that a drive can be ensured even when the separating device according to the invention is under high loads. The drive means can ultimately be designed as a so-called drive chain. The drive means is particularly robust against soiling and can be coupled to the rotation elements in a form-fitting manner - and, if the rotation elements are driven, even without slippage. The roller chains do not have to be pretensioned and can also be shortened and lengthened without any problems, for example when changing the length of the deck and / or adding additional rotating elements.

Furthermore, the rotation elements and the further rotation element can be designed at least essentially identically. This particularly simplifies the spare parts inventory.

Furthermore, it is preferred if the coils of the rotary element and of the further rotary element have at least essentially the same web height. In particular, the coils of the rotation elements immediately adjacent to the further rotation element and the further rotation element have the same web height. In this way, the intermediate space between adjacent rotary elements or an outer rotary element and the further rotary element assigned to the outer rotary element can be optimally cleaned. The distance between the immediately adjacent rotation elements and the further rotation element from the immediately adjacent rotation elements should be - as stated above - can be kept low. This distance is preferably between 1 and 30 mm, preferably between 1.5 and 10 mm, preferably between 2 to 6 mm, more preferably between 3 to 5 mm.

Furthermore, the outside diameter of the further rotation element and the outside diameter of the rotation elements immediately adjacent to the further rotation element are preferably at least substantially the same. Ultimately, the same components can thus be used.

According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, it is provided that the distance between the rotary elements is adjustable. In this context, the distance is understood in particular to be the clear distance between two immediately adjacent rotation elements. The clear distance relates to the outer peripheral edge of the helix of the one rotation element to the core tube of the immediately adjacent rotation element.

In addition, it is additionally or alternatively provided that the distance between the further rotation element and the immediately adjacent rotation element is adjustable. In this case, too, the clear distance, that is to say the distance from the spiral outer edge of the one rotary element to the core tube of the immediately adjacent rotary element, is preferably kept as small as possible. A small clearance enables very good self-cleaning. However, the overall distance can be changed as a function of the feed material. A change in the distance can, for example, be carried out manually by the operating personnel during an operating state. In particular, the position of the entire rotary element and / or of the at least one further rotary element can be changed, preferably by releasing the holder or mounting.

Furthermore, the drive device can be designed in such a way that it drives the rotation elements and the at least one further rotation element at the same angular speed. In particular, the angular velocity is the same for all rotating elements (and thus also for the further rotating element), so that synchronous operation of all rotating elements results. In this way, in combination with the same direction of rotation of the rotating elements, not only can reliable operation of the cutting device be ensured, but a very good cutting result can also be ensured. The synchronous angular velocity in combination with the structurally identical design of the rotating elements and the at least Another rotating element provides the greatest possible coverage for cleaning the exposed outer sides of the core tubes of the rotating elements.

In addition, the rotation elements and the at least one further rotation element each have at least essentially the same helix pitch at 360 °. Due to the spiral arrangement of the helix around the core tube and a helix pitch that has the same shape each 360 °, a symmetrical design of the rotating elements can be achieved, the core tubes preferably having a constant diameter extending over the length of the rotating elements.

It is particularly preferred if the separating device is designed in such a way that it is separated into at least two fractions. It can be provided that a fine grain fraction can be thrown through the deck through the space between two immediately adjacent rotating elements. Another fraction can be dropped in the conveying direction behind the last rotating element. Particularly in the case of one-sided storage, a third fraction can also be dropped obliquely and / or transversely to the conveying direction in the direction of the rotation axes and / or longitudinal axes of the rotation elements. In this way, less elongated parts of the feed material can be thrown off in the further conveying direction of the third fraction. Elongated parts of the feed material can be dropped in the conveying direction. Those fractions or that fraction which can / can be thrown off above the deck can / can be referred to as oversized grain or as oversized grain fraction (s).

In addition, the deck can be designed to be adjustable both in its height and in its inclination.

Furthermore, the disclosure relates to a method for separating the feed material, the feed material being fed onto a deck formed by a plurality of rotation elements, in particular the feed taking place transversely to the longitudinal axis of the rotation elements. The feed material can be conveyed above the deck in a conveying direction extending obliquely and / or transversely to the axes of rotation of the rotating elements. According to the invention it is provided that a further rotary element arranged below the deck engages in the space between two immediately adjacent rotary elements, in particular wherein the feed material, in particular the oversized grain fraction (s) of the Feed material is conveyed via the immediately adjacent pair of rotating elements.

The method is carried out in particular using a separating device according to the invention described above.

To avoid repetition, reference is made to the above statements on the separating device according to the invention. It is ultimately understood that the advantages and preferred embodiments described in connection with the device according to the invention can also be applied to the method for separating feed material.

In addition, the disclosure relates to the use of the device according to the invention for separating feed material, in particular where the device according to the invention is used in a self-cleaning mode of operation.

Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself.

Fig. 1

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trennvorrichtung,

Fig. 2

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 6

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Trennvorrichtung,

Fig. 7

eine schematische Seitenansicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 8

eine schematische Seitenansicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 9

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks,

Fig. 10

eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Teils eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks und

Fig. 11

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Decks.

It shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic perspective illustration of a separating device according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a schematic perspective illustration of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 3

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 4

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 5

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 6

a schematic plan view of a separating device according to the invention,

Fig. 7

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 8

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 9

a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention,

Fig. 10

a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a part of a deck according to the invention and

Fig. 11

a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a deck according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a device 1 for separating feed material 2. The device 1 has a plurality of rotation elements 3. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the rotation elements 3 are designed as worm shafts. Screw shafts can also be referred to as spiral rollers and / or spiral shafts. The rotation elements 3 form a deck 4.

The task of the feed item 2 takes place, in particular, by Fig. 6 shown, on the top of the deck 4 formed by the rotation elements 3.

Furthermore shows Fig. 1 that at least one further rotation element 5 is arranged below the rotation elements 3 forming the deck 4. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the further rotation element 5, also like the rotation element 3, is designed as a worm shaft. The further rotation element 5 is provided for cleaning the intermediate space 6 or the working space between two immediately adjacent rotation elements 3 of the deck 4.

The further rotation element 5 can be provided in an exemplary embodiment (not shown) of the separating device 1 to avoid wrapping of elongated feed material 2, such as a plastic band.

In addition, the Fig. 1 , 2 and 6th that the width of the deck 4 can correspond to the length of the rotary elements 3, the rotary elements 3 having at least substantially the same length in the exemplary embodiment shown. The length of the deck 4 depends on the number of rotation elements 3 used, the outer diameter of the rotation elements 3 and their spacing 17 from one another.

The Figures 3 to 5 show different possible arrangements of the further rotation element 5 below the deck 4. Thus, the further rotation element 5 can be positioned between the first rotation element 7 and the second rotation element 8, as in particular Fig. 5 shows, be arranged. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first rotation element 7 is arranged following a loading device 20, as is the case in particular Fig. 6 shows. The feed material 2 is fed onto the deck 4 on or over the first rotary element 7. The second rotation element 8 adjoins the first rotation element 7 in the conveying direction X. The conveying direction X runs obliquely and / or transversely, in particular at right angles, to the longitudinal axes or axes of rotation of the rotation elements 3.

Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of the further rotary element 5 below the last rotary element 10 and the penultimate rotary element 9 as seen in the conveying direction X. The further rotary element 5 protrudes into the central area or the space 6 of the immediately adjacent rotary elements 9, 10 according to the illustrated embodiment. In the embodiment according to Fig. 3 Another rotation element 5 engages in the space 6 or the working space of the first rotation element 7 and the second rotation element 8 and a further rotation element 5 engages in the space 6 or working space between the last rotation element 10 and the penultimate rotation element 9. A fraction can be dropped transversely to the longitudinal axis of the last rotary element 10 - that is, in the conveying direction X -.

It is clear from the illustrated exemplary embodiments that the first rotation element 7 and the last rotation element 10 are each directly adjacent to only one rotation element 3 of the deck 4. The centrally arranged rotation elements 3 are each directly adjacent to two rotary elements 3, the self-cleaning of the central rotary elements 3 in the illustrated embodiment being able to be taken over by the immediately adjacent rotary elements 3. At the beginning and / or end of the deck 4, a further rotation element 5, such as in particular through Fig. 4 clarifies, take over the self-cleaning of the last rotary element 10 in addition to the penultimate rotary element 9. A further rotation element 5 can also be arranged on the start side of the deck 4, in particular as shown in FIG Fig. 5 evident. The combination of the arrangement of the further rotation elements 5 at the beginning and at the end can also be carried out in a further exemplary embodiment, such as from, among other things Fig. 3 evident.

What is not shown is that it is in principle also possible for a further rotation element 5 to be provided not only at the beginning and / or at the end. In principle, a further rotation element 5 can also be provided in the central area between the first and the last rotation element 7, 10 in addition to the outer further rotation elements 5 or even without them.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the further rotation element 5 does not serve to separate the feed material 2, but at least essentially fulfills the cleaning effect for the rotation elements 3 directly adjacent to the further rotation element 5.

Fig. 1 shows that at least two rotation elements 3 have the same direction of rotation. In addition, the Fig. 1 that all rotation elements 3 have the same direction of rotation.

Out Fig. 2 It can be seen that the further rotation element 5 has the same direction of rotation as a rotation element 3 directly adjacent to the further rotation element 5. In the illustrated embodiments, this means that both all rotation elements 3 and all further rotation elements 5 have the same direction of rotation.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, both the rotary elements 3 and the further rotary element 5 are designed as worm shafts. Accordingly, the rotation elements 3 and the further rotation element 5 have a core tube 11 and a helix 12. The helix 12 runs in a spiral around the core tube 11 so that the entire rotation element 3 resembles an Archimedean screw. The helix 12 is web-shaped.

In further exemplary embodiments, it can be provided that the individual rotation elements 3 of the deck 4 do not all have to be constructed identically. In principle, it is possible for at least one rotation element 3 to be designed differently from the other rotation elements 3. Ultimately, all of the rotary elements 3 can even be designed differently from one another. Incidentally, this also applies to the further rotation element or elements 5. Ultimately, it only has to be ensured that the coils 12 of adjacent rotation elements 3, 5 do not collide during operation.

Furthermore, the illustrated exemplary embodiments make it clear that the spirals 12 of immediately adjacent rotation elements 3 intermesh. In this case, the coils 12 engage in the intermediate space 6 which results between two core tubes 11 of the immediately adjacent rotation elements 3. An arrangement of the rotary elements 3 is provided in the illustrated exemplary embodiments in such a way that the outer edge of the helix 12 of a rotary element 3 faces the outside of the core tube 11 of the immediately adjacent rotary element 3.

Furthermore, the Figures 1 to 6 that the helix 12 of the further rotation element 5 and the helixes 12 of the rotation elements 3 directly adjacent to the further rotation element 5 intermesh. The interlocking of the coils 12 is particularly good on the basis of the side view of the deck 4 in FIG Figures 3 to 5 shown. The aforementioned figures show that the coils 12 of the rotary elements 3 and of the further rotary element 5 overlap in the side view. The superimposition of the spirals 12 or the interlocking of the spirals 12 enables the cleaning process of the screw shafts. In this way, buildup of the feed material 2 on the outside of the core tube 11 of the rotary elements 3 is effectively prevented, but in any case is significantly reduced. A possible wrapping with elongated parts of the feed material 2 or a permanent sticking of parts of the feed material 2 sticking together can be prevented so that a clogging of the deck 4 and thus possibly a machine breakdown and / or an unclean separation result of the device 1 can be prevented .

According to the in Fig. 1 and 6th The device 1 shown is a one-sided holder 13 or mounting of the rotary elements 3 and the further rotary element 5 is provided.

It is not shown that in further embodiments the rotation elements 3 and / or the further rotation element 5 are rotatably mounted on both sides in a holder 13.

The holder 13 or the bearing is at the longitudinal ends of the rotary elements 3, as is the case in particular Fig. 1 clarified, provided. Due to the one-sided, cantilevered holder 13 of the rotary elements 3, a fraction can be thrown off in the direction of the axes of rotation or in the longitudinal direction of the rotary elements 3, i.e. transversely and / or obliquely to the conveying direction X. In principle, fraction separation in the direction of the Axes of rotation of the rotation elements 3 can be provided in the case of storage on both sides. In this case it would be conceivable to remove or convey this fraction above deck 4 or from above by a suitable conveying means.

In the Fig. 1 and 6th Ultimately, no funds for conveying the feed material 2 separated in fractions are shown. Ultimately, it goes without saying that, for example, a conveyor belt can be provided below the deck 4 to convey the fine grain and another conveyor belt is arranged on the deck 4, for example, extending in the conveying direction X. In addition, a conveyor belt can also be arranged at an angle to the conveying direction X - that is, in the direction of the axes of rotation of the rotation elements 3. Ultimately, conveying means are arranged at all points or in all areas where a fraction of the feed material 2 is dropped. The arrangement and alignment of the funds depends, among other things, on the direction in which the conveyance is to take place. The number of funds ultimately depends on the number of fractions into which the feed 2 is separated. For example, if there are two fractions to be separated, two funds are provided, while three funds are accordingly provided for three groups.

The speed of the conveying means, in particular designed as conveyor belts, is to be coordinated as a function of the throughput of the feed material 2 and / or the feed speed of the loading device 19. The loading device 19 can have a loading belt 20, as is the case in particular through the Fig. 1 and 6th is made clear. Both the inclination and the height of the loading belt 20 of the device 1 can be designed to be adjustable.

Based on Fig. 1 and 6th it can be seen that the rotation elements 3 and the further rotation element 5 are connected to one another via a drive device 14. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the connection takes place via a drive means 15. According to FIG Fig. 10 the drive means 15 is designed as a roller chain. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the roller chain can be arranged on the core tube 11 at a coupling area adjoining the core tube 11. Due to the common connection via the roller chain or via the drive means 15, the rotary elements 3 and the further rotary element 5 are driven with the same direction of rotation and the same angular speed. The drive means 15 serves to drive the rotation elements 3 and the at least one further rotation element 5.

In addition, the Figures 9 to 11 It can be seen that two immediately adjacent rotation elements 3 are connected via a drive means 15, a drive means 15 only extending over two rotation elements 3 in the illustrated embodiments. Accordingly, two drive means 15 are arranged on the central rotation elements 3 in the respective coupling areas. In the illustrated embodiment, the further rotation element 5 is connected to the immediately adjacent rotation element 3 - ie in the illustrated embodiment the first rotation element 7 and / or the last rotation element 10 - via a drive means 15 comprising the two worm shafts.

Based on Fig. 2 it becomes clear that the further rotation element 5 and the rotation element 3 are designed at least essentially in the same way.

It is not shown that the further rotation element 5 and at least one immediately adjacent rotation element 3 can be designed differently. In further embodiments, it can ultimately be provided that the spirals 12 of the rotation elements 3 and the spirals 12 of the further rotation elements 5 have at least essentially the same web height 16, as in particular through Fig. 11 made clear. As a result of the at least essentially structurally identical design of the coils 12, the greatest possible overlap of the Gap 6 between two immediately adjacent rotation elements 3 can be achieved.

The Figures 7-11 show that the rotation elements 3 can also be designed differently and, in the exemplary embodiments shown, have the same web height 16 of the coils 12, but the core tubes 11 differ from one another in terms of a different outer diameter. The further rotation element 5 is constructed at least essentially identical to the last rotation element 10 and the penultimate rotation element 9.

In Fig. 8 A side view of the deck 4 is shown, the core tube 11 of the first rotation element 7 having a different outer diameter than the core tube 11 of the last rotation element 10 and the further rotation element 5 arranged below the last and penultimate rotation element 10, 9.

Ultimately, the rotation elements 3 are arranged at a distance from one another, as in particular on the basis of the detailed views of FIG Fig. 11 can be seen. The spacing of the rotating elements 3 from one another results in a space 6 between immediately adjacent rotating elements 3. The pure spacing 17 between adjacent core tubes 11 of the rotating elements 3 ultimately corresponds to the web height 16 of a helix 12 plus a few millimeters. An arrangement without a spacing would lead to a high level of wear and tear as well as possible damage to the device 1. A corresponding spacing is also provided between the further rotation element 5 and adjacent rotation elements 7, 8 or 9, 10.

Especially in Fig. 3 and Fig. 11 the distance 17 of the rotary elements 3 from one another is shown, which is provided between the outer edge of the helix 12 of the rotary element 3 and the core tube 11 of the immediately adjacent rotary element 3. In Fig. 11 is additionally shown, as mentioned above, the pure distance 17 between the immediately adjacent rotation elements, the pure distance 17 between two immediately adjacent core tubes 11 being obtained. ^ In the same way, there is a distance 18 of the further rotation element 5 from the first rotation element 7 or from the second rotation element 8 and in the same way from the penultimate rotation element 9 and the last rotation element 10.

What is not shown is that the spacing 17 between the rotation elements 3 is adjustable to one another. Furthermore, it is also not shown that the distance is also not shown 18 of the further rotation element 5 is designed to be adjustable in relation to the immediately adjacent rotation element 3 or the rotation elements 7, 8 and / or 9, 10.

In this way, the distances 17, 18 can be adapted to the feed item 2 and to the load on the device 1 caused by the feed item 2. When setting the respective spacing, it must be taken into account that the smallest possible spacing 17, 18 results in an increased self-cleaning effect or a significantly improved cleaning of the exposed outside of the core tube 11.

In addition, it is provided in the illustrated exemplary embodiments that the rotary elements 3 and the further rotary element 5 can be driven at the same angular speed. In the exemplary embodiment shown, they are driven by the drive device 14, so that synchronous operation and a constant angular speed of the rotary elements 3 and of the further rotary element 5 result. This is particularly favored by the fact that the rotation elements 3 and the at least one further rotation element 5 are connected to one another via a drive means 15, designed as a roller chain in the illustrated embodiments, and are accordingly also driven together.

Furthermore, in particular on the basis of Fig. 2 It is clear that the helical pitch of the rotary element 3 and the helical pitch of the further rotary element 5 are at least substantially the same for each 360 °. By adjusting the phase offset, the arrangement of the helix 12 and thus the engagement of the helixes 12 with one another and accordingly also the size of the separating grain can be designed to be variable.

Fig. 2 shows that the device 1 separates the feed material 2 into at least two fractions. It is provided that an oversize fraction is separated on the top of the deck 4. Another fraction - the fine grain fraction - can be separated down between neighboring rotating elements 3. The fine grain fraction accordingly falls through the deck 4 and is conveyed away below the deck 4.

Fig. 6 also shows that a further fraction can be conveyed away transversely to the conveying direction X, the further conveying direction extending along the axis of rotation or the longitudinal axis of the rotary elements 3. A drop can take place via the ends of the rotary elements 3 and the further rotary element 5. A wrapping of elongated feed material 2 on the last rotating element 10 can be effectively prevented by the further rotating element 5, which functions as a cleaning rotating element in the illustrated embodiment.

The deck 4, which is formed by the rotation elements 3, can be designed to be inclinable. The holder 13, to which the rotary elements 3 and also the further rotary element or elements 5 are fastened, can preferably be adjusted via an inclination device. In addition, the height of the deck 4 can also be designed to be adjustable in an exemplary embodiment that is not shown.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the deck 4 can form a curved separating surface. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the separating surface, that is to say the upper side of the deck 4, is at least substantially flat and / or straight. In a further exemplary embodiment, the rotation elements 3 can be arranged in a curved separating surface, with at least three rotation elements 3 not being arranged in a common plane. Even with a curved separating surface it can be provided that a further rotation element 5 can be arranged below the deck 4, that is to say below the rotation elements 3, in particular to increase the self-cleaning of the rotation elements 3.

According to the method, in an exemplary embodiment of the method (not shown) it can be provided that the feed material 2 is fed in the conveying direction X onto the deck 4 formed by the rotation elements 3.

In this case, the feed item 2 can be fed onto the first rotation element 7. The feed material 2 is conveyed in the conveying direction X, with a fine grain fraction being able to be separated through the space 6 between immediately adjacent rotating elements 3. An oversized grain fraction remains above the deck 4 and can be discarded in the conveying direction X and / or in a further conveying direction arranged obliquely to the conveying direction X - in the direction of the rotational or longitudinal axis of the rotary elements 3.

According to the method, it is provided that a further rotation element 5 rotates under the rotation elements 3. In this connection, the further rotation element 5 ensures that the rotation elements 3 are kept clean or (self) cleaned as well as for cleaning the intermediate space 6 or working space between two immediately adjacent rotation elements 3 of the deck 4.

List of reference symbols:

1

Device for separating

2

Feed

3

Rotation element

4th

deck

5

another rotation element

6th

Space

7th

first rotation element

8th

second rotation element

9

penultimate rotation element

10

last rotation element

11

Core tube

12th

Helix

13th

bracket

14th

Drive device

15th

Drive means

16

Web height

17th

Distance between rotating elements

18th

Distance of the further rotation element to the immediately adjacent rotation element

19th

Loading device

20th

Infeed conveyor

X

Conveying direction

Claims (10)

1. Device (1) for separating feed material (2), having a plurality of rotation elements (3) designed as screw conveyors, the rotation elements (3) forming a deck (4), and the rotation element (3) having a core tube (11) and a helix (12) running spirally around the core tube (11),
   characterized in that
   at least one further rotation element (5) designed as a screw conveyor is arranged below the rotation elements (3) forming the deck (4), in that the further rotation element (5) is provided for cleaning an intermediate space (6) between two directly adjacent rotation elements (3) of the deck (4), and in that the further rotation element (5) has a core tube (11) and a helix (12) running spirally around the core tube (11).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the further rotation element (5) in the area below the deck (4) projects into the area between the first rotation element (7) and the second rotation element (8) and/or that the further rotation element (5) in the area below the deck (4) projects into the area between the penultimate rotation element (9) and the last rotation element (10).
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two, preferably all, rotation elements (3) have the same direction of rotation and/or that the further rotation element (5) has the same direction of rotation as the immediately adjacent rotation element (3).
4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the helices (12) of directly adjacent rotation elements (3) interlock and/or in that the helix (12) of the further rotation element (5) and the helix (12) of at least one directly adjacent rotation element (3) interlock.
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation elements (3) and/or the at least one further rotation element (5) are rotatably mounted on one side and/or on both sides in a holder (13).
6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation elements (3) and the further rotation element (5) are connected to one another via a drive device (14), in particular the drive device (14) having at least one drive means (15), in particular in the form of a roller chain, for driving the rotation elements (3) and the at least one further rotation element (5).
7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further rotation element (5) and the rotation element (3) are designed to be at least substantially identical in construction and/or in that the helix (12) of the rotation element (3) and of the further rotation element (5) have at least substantially the same web height (16).
8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (17) between the rotation elements (3) is designed to be adjustable and/or in that the distance (18) between the further rotation element (5) and the immediately adjacent rotation element (3) is designed to be adjustable.
9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive device (14) is designed in such a way that the rotation elements (3) and the further rotation element (5) can be driven at the same, in particular synchronous, angular velocity.
10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the helix pitch of the rotation elements (3) and of the further rotation element (5) is at least substantially equal per 360°.

Images