EP1570919B1 - Apparatus for separating of substantially solid products - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has several spiral rollers (2) rotating about a longitudinal axis and mounted with bearings on only one side. A supply device (6) for the incoming material (5) is mounted on the device so that the supply is crosswise to the longitudinal axes (11) of the rollers. the supply device is designed as a conveyor belt, chute or the like.

Description

The invention relates to a device for sorting substantially solid materials, in particular waste.

For the sorting of waste, which in particular contains long parts, according to the prior art ( JP-A-4-176374 A device is known, which comprises worm bodies which are rotatably supported in the same plane and in the same direction in the interior of a frame parallel to each other, wherein a lateral ejection part is provided in the frame, which is formed in the direction of rotation of the pointed parts of the worm body and ejects large sized waste. In addition, a front ejection member is provided in the frame, which ejects medium-sized waste in the conveying direction of the screw body. Furthermore, a sieve is provided on the bottom surface, can fall through the small-sized waste.

This belonging to the prior art device has the disadvantage that the device is accessible only from two sides by the two-sided storage of the screw body. In addition, the material is supplied to the device by means of a backhoe loader. As a result, the bearings must be protected from dirt on both sides of the device, so that a proper operation of the device is guaranteed.

By supplying the waste with an excavator beyond the disadvantage occurs that the waste is fed vertically or almost perpendicular to the device. As a result, long parts can fall vertically through the device, whereby a safe screening is no longer guaranteed. The long parts remain on the sieve arranged under the screws and must be removed by hand.

The prior art ( DE 37 24 240 A1 ) includes a device for sorting parts. This device can be used in injection molded plastic parts. The device has spiral rollers with sheath grooves. The corners and tips of the plastic parts settle into the sheath grooves of the rolls and are transported to the end of the rolls.

Furthermore belongs to the state of the art

( EP 1 287 730 A1 ) a harvester for root crops, especially potatoes. This device transports goods to be separated (root crops) exclusively in one direction.

The prior art ( EP 0 678 234 A1 ) further includes a device for cleaning Erdfrüchte. This device cleans the crops, for example, from adherent clods. A separation of soil moisture into different fractions is not provided according to this document.

The technical problem underlying the invention is to provide a device with which reliable long parts can be sorted out, which moreover makes it possible to separate three fractions, that is to say long parts, cubic parts and small parts, and which operates reliably and without susceptibility to wear.

This technical problem is solved with a device having the features according to claim 1.

Characterized in that the inventive device for sorting substantially solid material with a plurality formed around its longitudinal axis rotating spiral rollers which are arranged parallel to each other at least approximately in a same plane, and in that the spiral rollers are mounted only on one side and in that a feeding device for the material to be sorted is arranged on the device such that the Feed is made laterally to the longitudinal axes of the spiral axes, the material to be sorted is not supplied in the region of the bearings of the spiral rollers of the device, so that they can not pollute. Due to the direction of rotation of the spiral rollers, the material to be sorted is led away from the bearings, so that the storage area does not come into contact with the material to be sorted. Furthermore, reliable sorting out of the various fractions of the material to be sorted is ensured.

In the following, instead of material to be sorted, waste will generally be mentioned. However, the materials to be sorted according to the invention are not limited to waste, but may include other materials. Substantially solid material is also understood to mean biocompost having a certain moisture content.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the waste feeder is arranged on the device according to the invention such that it guides the waste at a shallow angle to the spiral rolls. This avoids that long parts can fall vertically between the rollers. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the feeding device is arranged on a bearing-free side of the device, so that the material is supplied outside the storage area of the device, whereby the storage area can not be contaminated by waste.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the feed angle for feeding the waste relative to a bearing plane of the rolls is between minus 30 ° and plus 45 °. As a result, a flat feed angle is ensured, which causes long parts can not fall vertically through the spaces between the spiral rollers.

According to the invention, the spiral rollers are designed as intermeshing spiral rollers. This design has the advantage that the interspaces between the waves are not clogged by the meshing of the spiral rollers. This makes it possible, for example, to process moist material such as bio-compost with the device.

According to a preferred embodiment, a screw conveyor spiral of a first spiral roll extends to a hub of an adjacent second spiral roll. As a result, the already described setting of particular moist material is avoided.

The distance of the screw conveyor spiral to an adjacent hub is advantageously at least one to two millimeters. Depending on the design, the distance may also be greater.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the distance between the spiral rollers is adjustable to one another. This makes it possible to obtain different mold sizes of the separated fractions. The device can thus be adapted to the different requirements.

The conveying direction of the long parts is formed so as to be formed transversely to the axial direction of the spiral rollers. Cubic parts are conveyed by the formation and rotation of the spiral rollers along the axial direction of the spiral rollers, so that above the spiral rollers, a separation into two fractions, that is in a long-section fraction and in a fraction of cubic parts. Smaller parts fall down through the spaces between the spiral rollers and form the third fraction.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the feed device for the waste is designed as a conveyor belt. However, it is also possible to provide other feeders, such as vibrating chutes, chutes, roller conveyors or the like. In principle, it is of particular importance that a shallow and continuous feeding of the waste is ensured. The continuous supply of the waste in turn causes a high flow rate through the device. For the sake of simplicity, the following statements refer only to a conveyor belt. Nevertheless, all possible feeding devices are included.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least one conveying device is provided for discharging the separated waste fractions. This conveyor may be in the form of a conveyor belt, a roller conveyor, a chute, a vibrating channel or the like. Advantageously, a separate conveyor is provided for each waste fraction, in order to be able to continuously feed the separated fractions to the further intended use.

All spiral rollers of the device according to the invention have the same direction of rotation. As a result, a retraction of the waste to be sorted between the spiral rollers is avoided. The large parts are transported by the same direction of rotation of all rollers on the rollers to the end of the device and separated into the two fractions mentioned above.

According to another possible embodiment of the invention, at least one spiral roller is shorter than the other spiral rollers, wherein the at least one shorter spiral roller is arranged in the edge region of the device. A particularly advantageous embodiment of this embodiment provides that two equal-length spiral rollers are provided, and that three more in length each shortened spiral rollers are provided. This results in a separation of the fractions only in two fractions, since above the spiral rollers cubic parts and long parts only give a fraction.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that a helix of the spiral rollers is designed to be movable in the direction of rotation relative to a shaft of the spiral roller. This makes it possible to rotate the spiral roller and the shaft at the same peripheral speed. This means that adjacent shafts and spirals have the same circumferential speeds, thereby avoiding comminution of the material, since the parts are not moved faster by the helix and are not braked on the shaft. This embodiment For example, it is advantageous if screws are to be separated from nuts. Here a comminution of the material to be sorted is not desired.

Since the spiral rollers are exposed to very high stresses, they are advantageously made of high-strength steel or high-strength plastic.

The one-sided storage of the spiral rollers has the advantage that the space below the screening device is accessible from three sides, which is particularly advantageous in discharging the divided fractions.

The device according to the invention is characterized by a multiplicity of advantages.

On the one hand, the device according to the invention is constipation-proof. The rotating spiral rollers cause a roller-track effect of the material in two directions due to the spiral-shaped formation of the spiral rollers. As a result, a blockage of the device is avoided. The device also shows a very good conveying behavior.

On the other hand, the device can be kept at a high throughput in an extremely small design.

In addition, the device has a very low power requirement, since no comminution of the material takes place, but a pure separation process is performed.

To a high degree, the device is self-cleaning by the intermeshing of the spiral rollers. Especially this advantage occurs in wet materials.

The device according to the invention also has a high selectivity. In particular, in combination with the feeding in a flat feeding conveyor belt this high selectivity of the long parts and the cubic parts as well as the falling small parts is guaranteed.

According to a preferred embodiment, the spiral roller is provided with a smooth surface in order to avoid comminution of the material to be separated as well.

Due to the shallow feed of the material by means of the conveyor belt, the entire device has a low overall height, which again ensures the extremely small size of the overall device.

Due to the lateral task of the material on the helix, that is, by the task transverse to the longitudinal axes of the spiral roller, a material deflection is not necessary, which in turn increases the selectivity.

The one-sided storage of the spiral rollers ensures that a safe discharge behavior occurs. This means that the material does not get caught in the device.

Since the device according to the invention is self-evacuating, the device can be used for large and difficult contaminants. For example, pre-shredded bulky waste can be separated into different fractions with the device according to the invention.

The device according to the invention can also be used for shredded wood, bark, excavated earth, mixtures of demolition, rubble, concrete debris with mild steel wires and materials with very undefined impurities.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Draufsicht;

Fig. 2

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Fig. 3

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht;

Fig. 4

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Seitenansicht mit dargestelltem Zuführwinkel;

Fig. 5

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in Draufsicht mit abführenden Förderbändern;

Fig. 6

eine Spiralwalze mit unabhängig voneinander drehbarer Welle und wendel in Vorderansicht;

Fig. 7

eine Spiralwalze mit unabhängig voneinander drehbarer Welle und Wendel in Seitenansicht.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which two embodiments of a device for sorting waste according to the invention are shown by way of example only. In the drawing show:

Fig. 1

a device according to the invention in plan view;

Fig. 2

a device according to the invention in a perspective view;

Fig. 3

a device according to the invention in side view;

Fig. 4

a device according to the invention in side view with illustrated feed angle;

Fig. 5

a device according to the invention in plan view with laxative conveyor belts;

Fig. 6

a spiral roll with independently rotatable shaft and helix in front view;

Fig. 7

a spiral roll with independently rotatable shaft and helix in side view.

Figs. 1 and 2 show a device (1) with spiral rollers (2) which are mounted on one side in bearings (3). The spiral rollers are driven by a motor (4). The material to be sorted (5) is fed to the spiral rollers (2) by means of a conveyor belt (6). By means of the device (1), the material (5) in three fractions, namely in long parts (7), in cubic parts (8) and in fines (9) is separated.

The fines (9) fall through gaps (10) between the spiral rollers (2). The long parts are transported transversely to longitudinal axes (11) of the spiral rollers (2) and dropped. The cubic parts (8) are transported parallel to the longitudinal axes of the spiral rollers (2) and dropped. As a result, three fractions are obtained.

In Fig. 2, the transport direction of the parts is shown again. The long parts are transported in the direction of the arrow (A), the cubic parts in the direction of the arrow (B). The fines fall in the direction of the arrow (C) through spaces (10) of the spiral rollers (2). In the direction of the arrow (D), the material (5) (not shown in Fig. 2) is supplied.

The spiral roller part of the device (1) can be adjusted in inclination, so that in the conveying direction of the arrow (A), the spiral rollers (2) are arranged rising or falling. This means that the material in the direction of the arrow (A) promoted rising or falling becomes. As a result, the selectivity is changeable and adjustable depending on the inclination.

Fig. 3 shows the device (1) with the spiral rollers (2). The spiral rollers (2) have shafts (12) and screw flights (20). The screw flights (20) extend to the shafts (12) of the respective adjacent spiral rollers (2).

The conveyor belt (6) which feeds the material (5) (not shown) is advantageously arranged such that the height (X) at which the material is fed to the device (1), that is to say the spiral rollers (2), is between zero and 2 × Z, where Z corresponds to the diameter of the spiral rolls. The distance (Y) between the feed device (6) and the first spiral roller (2 ') is advantageously between zero and 2.Z. Depending on the supplied material, the distances can be greater.

According to Fig. 4, the device (1) with the spiral rollers (2) and the conveyor belt (6) is shown. The feed angle at which the material from the conveyor belt (6) is supplied to the spiral rollers (2) is, with respect to a plane (E), between minus 30 ° and plus 45 °.

The plane (E) is parallel to a bearing plane (L) of the spiral rollers (2). The maximum angle of plus 45 ° ensures that long parts (not shown in Fig. 4) can not fall vertically through the interspaces (10) of the spiral rollers (2). The flat feed thus ensures a high selectivity of the device (1).

Fig. 5 shows the device (1) with the spiral rollers (2) and the feeding conveyor belt (6). The three fractions of the material (5) are removed according to this embodiment by means of conveyor belts (13, 14, 15).

The conveyor belt (13), which removes the fraction (M1) of the small parts, lies in the plane below the spiral rollers (2) and extends below the spiral rollers (2). On the conveyor belt (14), the fraction (M2) of the long parts is removed. On the conveyor belt (15), the fraction (M3) of the cubic parts is removed.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show a spiral roll (2) with a shaft (12) and a helix (20). The shaft (12) and the coil (20) are independently rotatable in the direction of the arrows (F, G). The peripheral speeds of the shaft (12) and the helix (20) are the same, so that comminution of the material to be separated does not occur.

reference numerals

1

contraption

2

Spiralwalze

2 '

Spiralwalze

3

camp

4

engine

5

material

6

conveyor belt

7

long parts

8th

cubic parts

9

fines

10

interspaces

11

longitudinal axis

12

waves

13

conveyor belt

14

conveyor belt

15

conveyor belt

16

Spiralwalze

17

Spiralwalze

18

Spiralwalze

19

conveyor belt

20

Conveyor screw spiral

A, B, C, D

arrows

F, G

arrows

X, Y

distances

Z

Diameter of the spiral rollers

α

angle

e

level

L

storage level

M1

fraction

M2

fraction

M3

fraction

Claims (15)

1. Device for classifying substantially solid materials with several spiral rollers which rotate about the longitudinal axes thereof and which are arranged substantially parallel to one another at least approximately in one plane,

   - wherein the spiral rollers (3) are mounted merely at one end,
   characterised in that

   - the spiral rollers (2) are constructed as interengaging spiral rollers (2),

   - wherein all spiral rollers (2) are constructed as spiral rollers (2) rotating in one rotational direction,

   - wherein a feed device (6) for the material (5) to be classified is arranged at the device (1) in such a manner that the feed takes place laterally with respect to the longitudinal axes (11) of the spiral rollers (2) in such a manner that a separation of the materials, which are to be classified, into two fractions takes place above the spiral rollers and, in particular, into an elongate component fraction and into a fraction of cubical components.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the feed device (6) for the material (5) to be classified is constructed as a feed device (6) feeding the material (5) at a flat angle (α) to the spiral rollers (2).
3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the feed angle (α) for the feed of the material (5) lies between minus 30 degrees and plus 45 degrees with respect to a plane (L) of mounting of the rollers (2).
4. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the feed device (6) feeds the material (5) to a bearing-free side of the device (1).
5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a conveyor worm (20) of a spiral roller (2) reaches to a hub of an adjacent spiral roller (2).
6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spacing of the conveyor worm (20) from an adjacent shaft (12) is at least one to two millimetres.
7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a spacing of the spiral rollers (2) from one another is adjustable.
8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a conveyor device (A) of the material (5), which is to be classified, to the spiral rollers (2) is oriented transversely to the axial direction (11) of the spiral rollers (2).
9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the feed device (6) for the material (5) to be clarified is constructed as a conveyor belt, vibratory channel, chute or the like.
10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one conveyor device (13, 14, 15; 19) is provided for conducting away separated material fractions (M1, M2, M3).
11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the conveyor worms (20) of the spiral rollers (2) are constructed to be movable relative to the shafts (12) of the spiral rollers (2).
12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one spiral roller (16, 17, 18) is constructed to be shorter than the other spiral rollers (2) and that the at least one spiral roller (16, 17, 19) of shorter construction is constructed as a spiral roller (16, 17, 18) arranged at the edge of the device (1).
13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the feed device (6) feeds the material (5) at the level of the spiral rollers (2).
14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the feed device (6) is constructed to be adjustable in feed height (X).
15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spiral rotters (2) consist of high-strength steel and/or high-strength plastics material.

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