DE102022000538B3 - Device for separating feed material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for separating feed material (2), preferably mixed material streams, in particular commercial waste, household waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, building rubble, organic waste, waste wood, rolled goods and/or film goods with a tendency to wrap, at least into an oversize fraction ( 3) and an undersize fraction (4), with a separating deck (9) having a plurality of spiral shafts (7) arranged next to one another. According to the invention, the last spiral shaft (12) of the separating deck (9), in relation to the feeding of the feed material (2) onto the separating deck (9), has a guide device (11) for discharging the oversize fraction (3) essentially in the longitudinal direction (L) is assigned to the last spiral shaft (12) and for dropping the oversize fraction (3) below the last spiral shaft (12).

Description

The invention relates to a device for separating feed material with a plurality of spiral shafts arranged next to one another according to the preamble of claim 1.

The spiral shafts can also be referred to as worm shafts and are ultimately rotating elements that are rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation. The spiral shafts form a separation deck for separating the feed material.

Different mixed material streams are possible as feed material to be separated. This includes commercial waste, household waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, rubble, organic waste, waste wood, rolled goods and/or feed material that tends to wrap, in particular film goods that tend to wrap.

The invention relates in particular to the technical field of sorting and/or classification of feed material, in particular in the field of waste separation. A clean or sufficiently precise separation of the feed material into different fractions makes it possible to use different fractions of the feed material directly or to be able to feed them to different after-treatment processes. For example, large or elongated parts can be separated from smaller particles or components of the feed material.

In the context of the invention, the term “separation” includes both classification and sorting. Classification is to be understood as a mechanical separation process for mixtures of solids, with different geometric features, for example the size, being used for the separation process. This can be divided into coarse and fine material, among other things. In this context, sorting is understood to mean a mechanical separation process in which a mixture of solids with different material characteristics is divided into fractions with the same material characteristics. For example, the density, colour, shape and wettability or magnetizability of the input material are suitable for sorting. Accordingly, the term separation in the present invention includes a separation of the feed material, so that it can be divided into different fractions. This separation or separation is mostly used for the processing of recycling material or for the classification of at least essentially solid material.

From the EP 1 570 919 B1 a device for sorting essentially solid material is known, wherein in the known device so-called spiral rollers rotate about their longitudinal axis as rotation elements. The spiral rollers are arranged parallel to one another in approximately one plane. In addition, the spiral rollers are only mounted on one side, intertwine and rotate in the same direction. In the known device, the feed material is fed in laterally to the longitudinal axes of the spiral rollers. The ones from the EP 1 570 919 B1 known device is designed to separate the materials to be sorted into two fractions above the spiral rollers, namely in a long part fraction and a fraction of cubic parts above the spiral rollers. A third fraction can be separated below the spiral rollers, whereby the third fraction can comprise, for example, the fines of the feed material. In connection with the sorting or separation of waste, earth or clay, among other things, can be used as fines. At least one fraction can be ejected above the spiral rollers via the open side transversely to the longitudinal axis of the spiral rollers, since these are only held on one side.

Disadvantage of the from the EP 1 570 919 B1 known separating device is that, in particular, feed material that tends to wrap, such as rolled goods and/or film goods, cannot be sufficiently separated. In particular, the foil goods cannot be separated accordingly, which worsens the separation result. The film material also wraps around individual spiral rollers and then has to be loosened by hand. This is accompanied by the fact that the operation of the separator must be stopped, which leads to higher maintenance and operating costs and reduces effectiveness.

the DE 10 2017 009 495 B3 relates to a device for separating feed material. The device has a plurality of rotating elements, designed in particular as worm shafts, with the rotating elements forming a deck. Below the rotating elements forming the deck, at least one further rotating element, designed in particular as a worm shaft, is arranged. The further rotating element is provided for cleaning a gap between two adjacent rotating elements of the deck.

The object of the present invention is to provide a device for separating, whereby the separating device is also intended to separate feed material that has a tendency to coil in a non-destructive manner.

The aforementioned object is achieved by a device according to the invention for separating feed material, preferably mixed material flows, in particular commercial waste, household waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, rubble, organic waste, waste wood, rolled goods and/or film goods with a tendency to wrap, dissolved at least into an oversize fraction and an undersize fraction. The device has a plurality of spiral shafts arranged next to one another. The spiral shafts arranged next to one another, which can also be referred to as worm shafts and/or spiral rollers, form a separating deck.

According to the invention, it is provided that the last spiral shaft of the separating deck, based on the feed of the feed material to the separating deck, is assigned a guide device for discharging the oversize fraction essentially in the longitudinal direction of the last spiral shaft and for discharging the oversize fraction, preferably directly below the last spiral shaft. The term "oversize fraction" refers to at least part of the oversize of the oversize fraction.

The last spiral shaft is preferably also the last spiral shaft in the conveying direction of the oversize fraction.

The guide device is designed in such a way that the oversize fraction can be discharged at the last spiral shaft. The guide device is therefore not only used to "catch" the oversize fraction that hits the last spiral shaft, but also enables such an interaction with the last spiral shaft, so that the oversize or the oversize fraction can be discharged via the guide device.

The guide device preferably encloses the last spiral shaft at least in regions and/or surrounds the spiral shaft at least in regions. In particular, the guiding device surrounds the last spiral shaft on the underside—that is, facing the subsoil on which the separating device is arranged.

Furthermore, the guide device can also form an abutment for the last spiral wave or for the oversized grain that hits the last spiral wave. Ultimately, the oversized grain conveyed up to the last spiral shaft can hit the guide device and be enclosed between the guide device and the last spiral shaft in such a way that the oversize grain, which is initially still above the last spiral shaft, can be removed by rotating the last spiral shaft and hitting the guide device in the Area below the last spiral shaft is promoted, so that the oversize grain can then be discharged below the last spiral shaft via the guide device. Therefore, the removal of the oversize fraction, which is made possible by means of the guide device, takes place at least partially and preferably directly below the last spiral shaft.

Ultimately, the oversize will be deflected by the interaction of the guide device with the last spiral wave - namely from above the spiral waves or the separating deck plane in the area below the spiral waves. A deflection of approximately 180° can thus preferably be achieved, particularly with regard to the conveying direction of the oversized grain.

The removal of the oversized grain that hits the last spiral shaft can be drastically simplified by the guiding device. Conveyor belts or the like are not required to remove this oversized grain due to the presence of the guide device. If required, however, conveyor belts or the like can in principle be used.

In addition, the guiding device offers another important advantage. Ultimately, the spiral shafts are designed in particular in such a way that they have an outer worm spiral or a helix. Spiral shafts arranged directly next to one another can thus bring about a self-cleaning effect for the respective spiral shafts through the meshing of the worm spirals. However, this self-cleaning effect is then no longer present for the last spiral wave. In the case of known spiral shaft decks, the last spiral shaft is ultimately only cleaned “on one side” by the penultimate spiral shaft—that is, the spiral shaft immediately adjacent to the last spiral shaft. On the other side, there is then no further screw helix that could enable self-cleaning. The cleaning effect of the last spiral wave can also be reliably ensured by the arrangement or assignment of the guide device according to the invention to the last spiral wave.

According to the invention, a simple, efficient material deflection is achieved. As explained above, the self-intermeshing effect can also be ensured for the last spiral shaft through the interaction between the guide device and the last spiral shaft, so that feed material that tends to become coiled and which can be detached from the spiral roller by this self-cleaning process can also be removed from the last spiral wave can be carried away.

As explained above, in the case of spiral shafts, it is particularly the case that the spiral shaft has a core tube and a helix, which runs spirally around the core tube and can also be referred to as a worm helix.

In addition, the spiral shafts can be arranged parallel to one another and preferably mesh or mesh with one another. Due to the intermeshing arrangement of the spiral waves, a Separation of the feed material can be achieved. In this context, it is provided that the helical coils or helixes of adjacent spiral shafts preferably mesh.

According to the invention, a plurality of spiral shafts is present in the device for separating, the device having at least two spiral shafts, preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 3 to 25, more preferably 5 to 20 spiral shafts.

The invention also makes it possible to significantly simplify and improve the separation process, i.e. the classification and sorting process, particularly since the oversize particles that hit the last spiral shaft can be easily removed in the axial direction of the last spiral shaft or coaxially thereto. This also leads to an improvement in the separation result—ie the classification and/or sorting result.

In addition, the degree of separation in particular can also be increased, which characterizes the efficiency of the separation. Compared to the prior art, this degree of separation can be increased by at least 20%, which results in a higher process quality.

In this context, it is understood that when the feed material is separated, the feed material does not necessarily have to be comminuted, and accordingly material or feed material that cannot be comminuted can also be separated well. Materials to be separated can be so-called cable harnesses, matted composite materials and construction waste with pipes or cables.

In particular, the device according to the invention makes it possible to avoid a complex preliminary classification or pre-treatment of the feed material, since the feed material can be completely separated by the separating device.

In addition, of course, the separating device can also be coupled to a comminuting device or assigned to a comminuting device. For example, material that has already been comminuted by the comminution device can be fed to the separating device via appropriate conveying means, in particular conveyor belts.

The separating device can also be arranged in a stationary or mobile manner.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the guide device has a stop wall, which adjoins the last spiral shaft in the feeding direction and runs along the last spiral shaft, as a stop for the oversize fraction. In this context, it goes without saying that the entire oversize fraction does not have to be conveyed to the last spiral shaft. In this way, components of the oversize fraction can also be ejected via the free, non-supported end of the spiral shafts. The spiral shafts are in particular only mounted on one side, so that the oversize fraction or a further oversize fraction can be ejected via the open ends of the spiral shafts. At least part of the oversize fraction is conveyed to the last spiral shaft. The following and above statements on the interaction of this part of the oversize fraction with the guide device and the last spiral shaft relate to this part of the oversize fraction.

The stop wall can also serve as an abutment for the last spiral shaft or for the oversized grain conveyed up to the last spiral shaft, so that the oversize fraction is enclosed between the stop wall and the last spiral shaft when it hits the stop wall and is deflected by rotating the last spiral shaft underneath the last spiral shaft or is promoted and can then be discharged via the guide device.

The guide device preferably has a discharge area provided below the stop wall and extending into the area below the last spiral shaft for catching and discharging the oversize fraction. The discharge area is arranged under the last spiral shaft in such a way that the oversize, which has been conveyed into the discharge area by hitting the stop wall, can also be discharged via the discharge area to the open end or discharge end of the spiral shaft. The discharge area can thus ensure the discharge of the oversized grain.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the stop wall and/or the discharge area extends/extend at least essentially over the length of the last spiral shaft. The stop wall and the discharge area preferably extend over the entire length of the last spiral shaft running in the longitudinal direction of the last spiral shaft. The function of the discharge area and the stop wall can thus be made possible over the entire length of the spiral shaft.

Furthermore, in a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the stop wall protrudes above the last spiral shaft and/or that the top edge of the stop wall protrudes beyond the inside diameter of the last spiral shaft, preferably by at least 30 cm, preferably at least 50 cm, more preferably at least 100 cm. The clear diameter of the last spiral shaft is to be understood in such a way that it relates to the outer diameter of the last spiral shaft, which can also include the screw helix in addition to the core tube. Thus, the abutment wall protrudes in particular not only over the core tube of the last spiral shaft, but also over the worm helix of the last spiral shaft, in particular by at least 50 cm. With such a design, larger oversized particles can also be safely discharged via the guide device.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the abutment wall has a clear distance from the last spiral shaft of more than 1 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 50 cm, more preferably between 2 cm and 10 cm. In this context, it can also be provided that the distance between the stop wall and the spiral shaft can be adjustable via a corresponding adjusting device. Adjusting the gap width can be useful in order to be able to react to the special features of a specific feed material. Furthermore, due to the aforementioned distances according to the invention between the last spiral shaft and the abutment wall, the guide device or the abutment wall can form the abutment explained above, as a result of which the cleaning function described above can be guaranteed.

The discharge area may have a longitudinal edge facing the penultimate spiral wave. This outer longitudinal edge can extend in particular in the longitudinal direction of the last spiral wave and can be arranged between the last spiral wave and the penultimate spiral wave. In particular, the outer longitudinal edge of the discharge area is arranged in such a way that the discharge area at least partially surrounds and/or encloses the last spiral shaft, at least on the underside. The outer shape of the discharge area can be adapted to the shape of the last spiral shaft, it being understood that there must be a sufficient distance between the discharge area and the spiral shaft to accommodate the separated feed material. The outer longitudinal edge of the discharge area can also extend into the area of the penultimate spiral shaft and, in particular, extend over the entire length of the penultimate spiral shaft. If the outer longitudinal edge protrudes into the area of the penultimate spiral shaft, it can also be ensured that the oversized grain discharged via the discharge area does not reach the area of the penultimate spiral shaft or does not impair the rotation of the penultimate spiral shaft. This configuration can also prevent an unintentional premature dropping of the material located in the discharge area.

Particularly preferably, the outer longitudinal edge of the discharge area runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the penultimate spiral shaft. In addition, the outer longitudinal edge can have a distance from the penultimate spiral wave that runs constantly over the longitudinal direction of the last spiral wave.

Preferably, the discharge area is embodied in the form of a channel, in particular with an arcuate cross section at least in sections, preferably completely. The channel shape of the discharge area ensures efficient and safe discharge of the oversize below the last spiral shaft, which can then be removed from the separating device via the discharge channel. The curved shape of the discharge area is preferably adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the penultimate and/or the cross-sectional shape of the last spiral wave. The arc shape of the discharge area is in particular such that the outer longitudinal edge runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the penultimate spiral shaft and at the same time encloses the last spiral shaft on the underside.

In particular, the discharge area can be configured in the form of a cone section, at least in some areas. Such a shape can also be referred to as conical within the meaning of the invention. In particular, the clear distance from the lowest point of the discharge area to the axis of rotation of the last spiral shaft increases due to the conical shape of the discharge area, starting from the supported end to the discharge end or free spiral shaft end of the last spiral shaft. In other words, this means that the discharge slot of the discharge area becomes larger towards the discharge end.

The clearance between the last spiral shaft preferably increases in the vertical direction from the lowest point of the discharge area over the length of the last spiral shaft to the discharge end (ie starting from the supported end) of the last spiral shaft. In particular, the increase is linear and/or strictly monotonous. In particular, a linear increase in the distance is provided.

The distance preferably increases in such a way that towards the end of the discharge the discharge area linearly encloses a greater distance from the worm helix of the last spiral shaft. This makes it possible for the oversized grain discharged via the discharge area to be discharged or discharged without any problems via the discharge end—that is, the end that is not supported—of the spiral shaft.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the gradient of the clear and/or minimum distance of the Discharge area to the axis of rotation of the last spiral shaft has a pitch angle of at least 0.3°, preferably between 0.5° and 10°, more preferably between 1° and 5°. The gradient is particularly preferably between 0.5% and 3%, preferably between 1.5% and 2.5%. The gradient relates in particular to the minimum distance from the lowest point of the discharge area to the worm helix of the last spiral shaft or to the outer edge of the worm helix of the last spiral shaft. Due to the gradient of the aforementioned magnitude, a discharge of the oversize can be guaranteed.

Furthermore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the guide device and/or the discharge area and the stop wall is/are formed in one piece. A one-piece design is to be understood in particular in such a way that the guide device or the discharge area together with the stop wall consist of a component that is either one-piece overall or composed of several parts and has in particular been made of a common material.

In particular, the stop wall and/or the discharge area is impassable for the oversize fraction. Accordingly, it is provided in particular that the stop wall and/or the discharge area is designed as a metal sheet and/or plate. Alternatively, a lattice structure can also be provided. However, this lattice structure is then selected in such a way that the lattice size and/or mesh size is smaller than the average particle size of the oversize fraction. Ultimately, the stop wall and/or the discharge area is/are designed in such a way that the oversized grain cannot pass through them.

Furthermore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the guide device can be designed as a one-piece guide plate which is designed in the form of a channel on the underside of the last spiral shaft.

Provision can preferably be made for the spiral shaft to have at least one bearing pin and/or a continuous bearing means, in particular a bearing tube, arranged in the interior of the core tube on the face side at at least one end. The bearing journal and/or the bearing means can be used to support the spiral shaft. In particular, the spiral shaft can only be mounted on one side and driven at the mounted end. As previously explained, the opposite front end can form the discharge end of the spiral shaft.

In addition, the device can have a machine frame. The spiral shafts can be rotatably mounted on the machine frame. The guide device can also be arranged on the machine frame, preferably in a detachable manner, in particular in a non-positive manner. The guide device is preferably screwed and/or riveted and/or welded to the machine frame.

It is particularly preferred that the spiral shafts are mounted elastically on one side. The elastic mounting of the spiral shafts also enables an evasive movement of the spiral shafts, which in turn means that if feed material has become jammed in the screen gap between the spiral shafts, the evasive movement enables the jammed feed material to be removed. In this way, machine damage or the like can be avoided. This leads to long-term and safe use of the entire device.

The screen gap, which is also adjustable in a preferred embodiment, can also specify the separating grain size for the undersize or the undersize fraction.

When the spiral shafts are mounted on one side, the mounted ends are mounted in a corresponding holder. The oversize fraction can be ejected via the free ends of the spiral shafts, in which case this fraction cannot fall into the storage area, which can cause possible contamination or even damage in the storage area. It can preferably be provided that the conveying direction is designed in such a way that the feed material is conveyed away from the holder or storage or from the storage location, so that the feed material does not reach the area of the storage if possible.

Furthermore, the separating deck can be designed in such a way that the undersize fraction is separated below, facing a subsoil, the separating deck and that the oversize fraction is separated above the separating deck, with both the undersize and the oversize fraction being ejected downwards after separation.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the device is designed in such a way that a separation into at least three fractions takes place. In the case of a separation into at least three fractions, it goes without saying that, in addition to the conveying direction of the oversize fraction, further conveying directions which relate to the further fractions can also be provided. The undersize fraction or that fraction which is ejected below the spiral shafts has a further downward conveying direction. The third fraction, which can form the further oversize fraction, can be separated above the separation deck and have a further conveying direction running obliquely to the conveying direction. In particular, components of the third fraction or the further oversize fraction do not reach the last spiral shaft, at least essentially. In particular, only parts of the oversize fraction enter the last spiral shaft.

Depending on the feed material, the direction of conveyance of the oversize fraction can be arranged at an angle to the axes of rotation of the spiral shafts, preferably at an angle of between 40° and 90°, more preferably 60° and 80°. The further conveying direction of the further oversize fraction can also be arranged obliquely to the axes of rotation of the spiral shafts and preferably enclose an angle of between 10° and 80°, preferably between 20° and 60°. The further conveying direction can also be arranged at an angle to the conveying direction of the oversize fraction. The conveying direction of the undersize fraction is preferably orthogonal to the axes of rotation of the spiral shafts.

In particular, the undersize can be broken up or separated in such a way that the undersize falls through the gaps or free spaces between two adjacent spiral shafts. The components of the further oversize fraction preferably have an at least essentially less elongated shape. In addition, the parts of the oversize fraction can have an at least essentially elongated shape or can be classified as a long part fraction. The undersize fraction is separated across the width of the deck in the conveying direction.

It is particularly preferred that the spiral shafts are constructed at least essentially identically.

The undersize and/or the oversize can also be conveyed away by other means of conveyance, in particular conveyor belts, chutes, vibrating chutes, etc. As an alternative or in addition, corresponding collection containers, such as containers or the like, can also be provided at the discharge or collection points.

The spiral shafts can preferably be designed in such a way that they work both reliably and are not susceptible to wear. Otherwise, the core tube can have an at least essentially cylindrical structure. Provision is preferably made for the core tube to have a constant outer diameter over the length of its cylindrical base body. The spiral shaft can be made of high-strength steel and/or high-strength plastic, with the material requirement ensuring safe operation of the device and a good separation result. The selection of the suitable material is basically a function of the intended use of the separating device according to the invention, in such a way that the selected materials withstand the high stresses of the spiral shafts during operation of the separating device.

Moreover, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the spiral shafts each have at least essentially the same length and the same outside diameter.

In particular, the spiral shafts, which are arranged parallel to one another with regard to their axis of rotation, are also arranged parallel to the contact area or parallel to the subsoil, resulting in a flat or planar top surface that forms the separating deck onto which the feed material can be fed. The axes of rotation of the spiral shafts can be arranged in one plane, whereby the plane of the spiral shafts can also determine the plane of the separating deck and thus the surface for separating the feed material.

Furthermore, a loading device can be provided for feeding in the feed material. In addition, the feed device can be arranged or designed in such a way that the feed material is fed laterally to the axes of rotation of the spiral shafts, in particular onto the spiral shafts that are arranged directly adjacent to the feed device. The task of the feed material can be provided in such a way that it also takes place orthogonally to the axes of rotation of the spiral shafts. A lateral feed also includes any feed direction running obliquely to the rotation or rotation axes of the spiral shafts.

The loading device preferably has at least one loading means. The loading means can be designed as a vibrating chute, conveyor belt and/or chute. Furthermore, the loading speed of the loading means can also be designed to be adjustable, so that different feed quantities of the feed material can be set on the separating deck of the device.

In addition, in a method for separating feed material using a device of the aforementioned type, provision would be made for separation into at least two fractions. According to the method, it would be provided that the feedstock and/or at least a fraction of the feedstock can be transported longitudinally in the conveying direction and/or above the spiral shafts.

In one method it can be provided that the oversize fraction on the last spiral hit by the wave can be conveyed away or discharged via the guide device. The oversize fraction can first hit the stop wall or strike it. The oversize fraction is then deflected and discharged below the device via the discharge area (located below the last spiral shaft). The oversize fraction can be discharged at the discharge end of the last spiral shaft and otherwise below the last spiral shaft.

The spiral shafts preferably all have the same direction of rotation.

Furthermore, it is expressly pointed out that all the intervals mentioned above and below contain all the intermediate intervals and individual values contained therein and these intermediate intervals and individual values are to be regarded as essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals or individual values are not specifically specified.

Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself.

• 1 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Trennvorrichtung,
• 2 eine schematische Aufsicht auf die in 1 dargestellte Trennvorrichtung,
• 3 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung längs des Schnittes III-III aus 2,
• 4 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer letzten Spiralwelle und einer Leiteinrichtung,
• 5 eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung längs des Schnittes V-V aus 2,
• 6 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Trennvorrichtung,
• 7 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Leiteinrichtung und
• 8 eine schematische Seitenansicht auf die in 1 gezeigte Trennvorrichtung.

It shows:

• 1 a schematic perspective view of a separating device according to the invention,
• 2 a schematic plan view of the in 1 shown separator,
• 3 a schematic cross-sectional representation along the section III-III 2 ,
• 4 a schematic perspective view of a last spiral shaft and a guide device,
• 5 a schematic cross-sectional representation along the section VV 2 ,
• 6 a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a separating device according to the invention,
• 7 a schematic perspective view of a guide device according to the invention and
• 8th a schematic side view of the in 1 separator shown.

the 1 shows a device 1 for separating feed material 2.

Various material streams can be provided as feed material 2, in particular commercial waste, household waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, rubble, organic waste, waste wood, rolled goods and/or film goods with a tendency to wrap.

The feed material 2 is separated at least into an oversize fraction 3 and an undersize fraction 4 . A related separation of the feed material 2, for example, via suitable feed means 5 - in the illustrated embodiment 6 a conveyor belt - the separating device 1 is fed, can be done accordingly in an oversize fraction 3 and an undersize fraction 4.

In addition, according to in 6 illustrated embodiment deposited another oversize fraction 6, which will be discussed in the following.

6 also shows that the separating device 1 has a plurality of spiral shafts 7 arranged next to one another. The spiral shafts 7 are preferably arranged with their axes of rotation 8 parallel to one another and preferably parallel to a base 10 . Ultimately, the spiral shafts 7 arranged next to one another form a separating deck 9. The feed material 2 can be thrown onto the separating deck 9, in particular via the loading means 5.

Different conveying directions can be provided. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the conveying direction F of the oversize fraction 3 essentially initially follows the feed conveying direction A, which can be predetermined by the feed means 5, with the conveying direction F then, however—depending on the feed material—at an angle oblique to the feed direction A and/or or runs obliquely to the axes of rotation 8 . The undersize or the undersize fraction 4 can be separated below the spiral shafts 7 so that the conveying direction U of the undersize fraction 4 runs in particular orthogonally to the axes of rotation 8 of the spiral shafts 7 and is directed downwards, facing the subsoil 10 .

The loading means 5 can be assigned to the device 1 in such a way that the feed material 2 is fed in laterally to the axes of rotation 8 or to the longitudinal axes L of the spiral shafts 7 . The task can be carried out obliquely, if necessary orthogonally, to the axes of rotation 8 or to the longitudinal axes L. The feed material 2 is placed on the separating deck 9 in such a way that it first moves in the conveying direction F, which initially runs transversely or at a small angle obliquely to the axes of rotation 8 of the spiral shafts 7, and during transport across the width of the separating deck 9 is separated into different fractions, preferably at least two fractions can be. The loading means 5 feeds the feed material 2 onto the separating deck 9 in such a way that the loading direction is ultimately parallel or in the same direction as the conveying direction F. Ultimately, this also includes the case in which oversized grain is conveyed at an oblique angle to the feeding direction A.

The loading means 5 does not necessarily have to be in the form of a conveyor belt; it can also be a vibrating channel and/or chute. The loading speed of the loading means 5 can also be designed to be adjustable and/or the loading means 5 can be designed to be adjustable in terms of its height and/or inclination.

In 6 is also shown that the last or rearmost spiral shaft 12 in relation to the feeding of the feed material 2 onto the separating deck 9 has a guide device 11 for discharging the oversize fraction 3 essentially in the longitudinal direction L of the last spiral shaft 12 and for discharging the oversize fraction 3 below, in particular immediately below, the last spiral shaft 12 is assigned.

In 1 it is shown that the guide device 11 at least partially surrounds and/or encloses the last spiral shaft 12 .

In addition, shows 6 that the oversize fraction 3 is separated by the interaction of the guide device 11 and the last spiral shaft 12. The oversize fraction 3 that hits the last spiral shaft 12 can be deflected by hitting the guide device 11 and conveyed away underneath the last spiral shaft 12 . The removal of another oversize fraction 6 in the conveying direction X in front of the last spiral shaft 12 does not prevent this. The further oversize fraction 6 can have a conveying direction X that runs obliquely to the conveying direction F and/or obliquely to the axes of rotation 8 .

Out of 6 It can be seen that the device 1 shown is designed in such a way that the feed material 2 is separated into at least three fractions. The separation in the exemplary embodiment shown is provided in such a way that separation into at least two fractions takes place above the separation deck 9 . For example, one fraction, namely the oversize fraction 3, can be separated in the conveying direction F and another fraction, namely the further oversize fraction 6, obliquely to the conveying direction F in the further conveying direction X of the further oversize fraction 6.

Ultimately, at least part of the oversize fraction 3 is ejected—namely the part that hits the last spiral shaft 12 —at the end of the last spiral shaft 12 via the guide device 11 , which serves to discharge the oversize fraction 3 .

A third fraction (undersize fraction 4) can be ejected below the separating deck 9 or below the spiral shafts 7, with this fraction, also called fines, being separable due to the gap between two adjacent spiral shafts 7.

Furthermore shows 6 that above the separating deck 9 a separation into at least two fractions takes place in such a way that elongated components (components of the oversize fraction 3) of the feed material 2 interact with the guide device 11, with at least a few elongated components being able to form parts of the further oversize fraction 6. As explained above, the undersize fraction 4 is separated between the individual spiral shafts 7 .

The spiral shafts 7 can have a core tube 13 and a helix or worm helix 14 running, preferably symmetrically, spirally around the core tube 13 . The screw helix 14 preferably has a constant web height.

In particular, a plurality of spiral shafts 7 is provided, which are preferably of identical construction. In particular, between 3 to 25, preferably between 8 to 20, spiral shafts 7 are provided.

It is not shown that the spiral shaft 7 has a bearing journal for storage. A continuous bearing means 26, designed as a bearing tube, arranged inside the core tube 13 for mounting the spiral shaft 7 is 5 shown.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the spiral shafts 7 are mounted in a holder 15 on one side. The bearing end is opposite the discharge end 16 of the spiral shafts. The oversize fractions 3, 6 can be ejected via the ejection end or free end 16.

The spiral shafts 7 are preferably elastic and mounted in the holder 15 on one side. The spiral shafts 7 can also be driven via corresponding drive means, not shown in detail, which are preferably arranged in the holder 15 .

In particular, all spiral shafts 7 have the same direction of rotation.

Due to the direction of rotation, the previously discussed conveying direction F results obliquely to the respective axes of rotation or axes of rotation 8 of the spiral shafts 7 can extend. The conveying direction F can be arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis L of the spiral shafts 7 . An oblique and/or transverse arrangement of the conveying direction F does not necessarily mean that the conveying direction F is arranged at a 90° angle to the axis of rotation 8 or to the longitudinal axis L of the spiral shaft 7 . The conveying direction F can run laterally or obliquely to the respective axis of rotation 8 and/or longitudinal axis L.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the spiral shafts 7 of the device 1 have at least essentially the same length. The length of the separation deck 9 can correspond to the length of the spiral shafts 7 .

The particle size or the particle diameter of the undersize fraction 4 is particularly dependent on the space or free space (also called screen gap) between immediately adjacent spiral shafts 7 and accordingly also dependent on the distance between the spiral shafts 7 to one another. 2 Figure 12 shows that the helices 14 of adjacent spiral shafts 7 mesh so that the adjacent spiral shafts 7 mesh with each other.

A self-cleaning effect of the spiral shafts 7 is achieved by the intermeshing of the worm spirals 14, since a blockage, for example with the undersized grain, on the outside of the spiral shafts 7 can be prevented.

The guide device 11 is also such in the case of 6 illustrated embodiment arranged on the last spiral shaft 12 that the guide device 11 can take over the self-cleaning effect functionally seen an adjacent spiral shaft 7. The fact is that the last spiral shaft 12 has only one directly adjacent spiral shaft 7 , namely the penultimate spiral shaft 17 .

A drive device is not shown in detail. The drive device can be designed in such a way that the spiral shafts 7 can be driven at a synchronous rotational speed. Furthermore, the drive device can ensure that the spiral shafts 7 can all have the same direction of rotation or the same direction of rotation. A motor can also be used to drive the spiral shafts 7 .

What is not shown is that, in addition to the guide device 11, further conveying means can also be provided for the different fractions for removal, which can be designed as a vibrating channel, conveyor belt and/or chute.

the 1 shows that the guide device 11 has a stop wall 18 which adjoins the last spiral shaft 12 in the feeding direction A and runs along the last spiral shaft 12 . The stop wall 18 serves as a stop for the oversize fraction 3. Ultimately, the guide device 11 with the stop wall 18 also forms an abutment for the last spiral shaft 12, which can be used to deflect the oversize fraction 3 on the last spiral shaft 12.

The stop wall 18 is also in 7 shown. 7 also shows that the guide device 11 has a removal area 19 provided below the stop wall 18 and extending in the area below the last spiral shaft 12 for catching and removing oversized grain. The discharge area 19 is also in the 4 as well as in the 1 evident. the 4 makes it clear that the discharge area 19 extends over the length of the last spiral shaft 12. The oversize fraction 3 is discharged via the discharge area 19 and can be conveyed along the discharge area 19 so that it can be ejected over the free end 16 of the spiral shaft 7 .

Furthermore, the 4 that the stop wall 18 and the discharge area 19 extend at least substantially over the entire length of the last spiral shaft 12.

In 1 it is shown that the stop wall 18 projects beyond the last spiral shaft 12 on the upper side. The upper edge 20 of the stop wall 18 can protrude beyond the clear diameter of the last spiral shaft 12, preferably by at least 30 cm, preferably by at least 100 cm.

3 shows that the stop wall 18 has a clearance 27 from the last spiral shaft 12. The clear distance 27 can be greater than 1 cm, preferably between 2 cm and 10 cm.

In 8th it is shown that the outer longitudinal edge 21 of the discharge area 19 protrudes onto the penultimate spiral shaft 17 . The outer longitudinal edge 21 can extend parallel to the axis of rotation 8 of the penultimate spiral shaft 17, as is also the case in 8th is shown. 8th shows a side view of the in 1 shown device 1. Although shows 8th not the penultimate spiral shaft 17, but the parallel arrangement of the longitudinal edge 21 and the axes of rotation 8 of the spiral shafts 7. 3 shows the constant distance 25 between the penultimate spiral wave 17 and the longitudinal edge 21. The distance 25 can be greater than 0.5 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 10 cm.

In addition, the outer longitudinal edge 21 extends at least substantially over the entire length of the last spiral shaft 12, as well as the 4 indicates.

In addition, at the in 3 The device 1 shown is provided such that the outer longitudinal edge 21 has a constant distance 25 from the penultimate spiral shaft 17 running in the longitudinal direction L of the last spiral shaft 12 . Ultimately, the distance 25 between the outer longitudinal edge 21 and the immediately adjacent spiral shaft 17 does not vary.

In 4 and 7 It is further shown that the discharge area 19 is designed in the form of a channel and has an arcuate cross section provided at least in sections. 4 shows that the curved shape of the discharge area 19 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the last spiral shaft 12. The arc shape can also be adapted to the shape of the penultimate spiral shaft 17, as is the 8th indicates.

In 5 it can be seen that the clear distance 22 of the last spiral shaft 12 increases in the vertical direction from the lowest point of the discharge area 19 over the length of the last spiral shaft 12 to the discharge end 16 of the last spiral shaft 12. The gradient 23 of the distance 22 is at the in 5 illustrated embodiment is strictly monotonic or linear.

In particular, the slope 23 of the distance is 22, as shown in 5 is shown, at least 0.3°, preferably between 1° and 5°. In addition, the slope 23 of the distance 22 can be at least 1% and 3%.

The slope 23 of the distance 22 results in an increased distance to the last spiral shaft 12 towards the discharge end 16 of the last spiral shaft 12, whereby the area with which the oversize grain can be conveyed out of the guide device 11 becomes larger.

In 7 it is shown that the discharge area 19 is designed at least in sections as a cone cutout. Such an embodiment can also be referred to as cone-shaped, particularly within the meaning of the present invention. Ultimately, the conical shape results from the fact that the discharge area 19 has an arcuate cross section at least in sections and in the longitudinal direction L of the last spiral shaft 12 there is an increase in the distance 22 from the last spiral shaft 12, with the outer longitudinal edge 21 enclosing a constant distance from the penultimate spiral shaft 17 .

The slope 23 relates in particular to the clear and/or minimum distance 22 that is occupied between the lowest point of the discharge area 19 and the last spiral shaft 7 . in the in 1 illustrated embodiment it is provided that the guide device 11 is formed in one piece. Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided in further embodiments that the stop wall 18 is formed in one piece with the discharge area 19 .

In addition, it can be provided that the stop wall 18 and/or the discharge area 19 is impassable for the oversize fraction 3 .

At the in 7 illustrated embodiment of the guide device 11 is provided that the guide device 11 can ultimately be designed as a guide plate.

In addition, in the 6 a machine frame 24 is also shown. The guide device 11 is detachably and/or firmly connected to the machine frame 24 . The machine frame 24 is arranged on the base 10 . The guide device 11 can in particular be connected to the machine frame 24 in a non-positive manner and/or with a material connection. Furthermore, the spiral shafts 7 can also be mounted on the machine frame 24 via the holder 15 . The loading means 5 can - but does not have to - be attached to the machine frame 24 .

Reference List

1

Separating device

2

feed goods

3

oversize fraction

4

undersize fraction

5

loading means

6

further oversize fraction

7

spiral wave

8th

axis of rotation

9

separation deck

10

underground

11

control device

12

last spiral wave

13

core tube

14

worm helix

15

bracket

16

free spiral shaft end

17

penultimate spiral wave

18

stop wall

19

discharge area

20

top edge of 18

21

outer longitudinal edge

22

Distance

23

pitch

24

machine frame

25

Distance

26

storage means

27

Distance

f

conveying direction of 3

A

feeding direction

u

conveying direction of 4

L

Longitudinal/longitudinal axis

X

conveying direction of 6

Claims (12)

Device (1) for separating feed material (2), preferably mixed material streams, in particular industrial waste, household waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, rubble, organic waste, waste wood, rolled goods and/or film goods with a tendency to wrap, at least into an oversize fraction (3) and one Undersize fraction (4) with a separating deck (9) having a plurality of spiral shafts (7) arranged next to one another, characterized in that the last spiral shaft (12) of the separating deck ( 9) a guide device (11) for discharging the oversize fraction (3) essentially in the longitudinal direction (L) of the last spiral shaft (12) and for ejecting the oversize fraction (3) below the last spiral shaft (12) is assigned. device after claim 1 , characterized in that the guide device (11) has a stop wall (18) adjoining the last spiral shaft (12) in the feeding direction (A) and running along the last spiral shaft (12) as a stop for the oversize fraction (3). device after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the guide device (11) has a discharge area (19) provided below the stop wall (18) and extending into the area below the last spiral shaft (12) for catching and discharging the oversize fraction (3). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop wall (18) and/or the discharge area (19) extend at least essentially over the length of the last spiral shaft (12). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop wall (18) projects above the last spiral shaft (12) and/or that the top edge (20) of the stop wall (18) projects beyond the inside diameter of the last spiral shaft (12). , preferably by at least 30 cm, preferably at least 50 cm, more preferably at least 100 cm. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop wall (18) has a clearance (27) to the last spiral shaft (12) of more than 1 cm, preferably between 1 cm and 50 cm, more preferably between 2 cm and 10 cm. having. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer longitudinal edge (21) of the discharge area (19) runs parallel to the axis of rotation (8) of the penultimate spiral shaft (17) and/or that the outer longitudinal edge (21) has a constant over the longitudinal direction (L) of the last spiral shaft (12) running distance (25) to the penultimate spiral shaft (17). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge area (19) is designed in the form of a channel, in particular with an arcuate cross-section at least in sections, preferably completely, and that the arcuate shape of the discharge area (19) preferably corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the penultimate spiral shaft (17) is adjusted. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clear distance (22) of the last spiral shaft (12) in the vertical direction from the lowest point of the discharge area (19) over the length of the last spiral shaft (12) to, preferably the discharge end, free spiral shaft end (16) of the last spiral shaft (12), preferably strictly monotonically and/or linearly. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gradient (23) of the clear and/or minimum distance (22) of the discharge area (19) to the axis of rotation (8) of the last spiral shaft (12) has a gradient angle of at least 0.3° , preferably between 0.5° and 10°, more preferably between 1° and 5°. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide device (11) and/or the discharge area (19) and the stop wall (18) is/are formed in one piece. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spiral shaft (7) has a core tube (13) having an outer helical coil (14) and/or at least one bearing journal and/or a bearing means (26 ), having.

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