EP2329891B1 - Device and method for separating material, particularly green waste, and its application - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the separation of material such as bulk or bulk in several material fractions. Such a separation has a variety of applications. In particular, the invention relates z. B. Devices and methods for separating compostable (or, for example, a fermentation in biogas plants can be fed) materials such. B. so-called "green waste", which includes all types of garden waste, tree sections, shrubs and mown grass, etc. understood. Composting is the decomposition of organic material by micro-organisms to create "compost", which can be used in many ways, such as fertilizers or soil conditioners. The material to be composted may, for example, be deposited as a "compost heap" at a certain place for a certain time ("compost hire") to allow the composting to proceed.

However, a direct composting of green waste generally leads to a relatively inefficient composting and also has the economic disadvantage that higher quality components of the green material such. B. firewood can not be a correspondingly more economical use (as the composting) can be supplied. Accordingly, there is a need for apparatuses and methods for separating greensheets into a plurality of greensum fractions of differing nature so that each of the greensaw fractions can be delivered for optimal (particularly economical) use.

The latter advantage also results for many other applications of material separation. For example, a separation of other waste in several waste fractions is interesting to supply several waste fractions each appropriate, especially economic use. Although a preferred field of application of the present invention is green matter separation, the invention is by no means limited to this field of application. Rather, the separation devices and methods presented here can in principle also be used for the separation of other materials.

The problem with the known devices and methods for separating material in practice to achieve a sufficiently good separation result at the same time technically simple realization. The known devices are also often elaborately designed custom-made in adaptation to a very specific, to be separated material. It would therefore be desirable to have a universal (for different material properties) usable device.

From the prior art it is already known to use a so-called disk screen for material separation. A Scheibensieb, as z. B. from the German patent publication DE 44 30 682 A1 is known, comprises from a Scheibensiebanfang to a Scheibensiebende extending series of axially parallel shafts, on each of which discs, in particular discs with non-circular outer circumference are arranged, which are offset from shaft to shaft and preferably interlock and by a to the Waves attacking drive are rotationally driven in the same direction. By the same direction rotation of the discs material applied to the disc screen along the disc screen (in the direction of Scheibensiebende out) transported. At the same time, a screening of this material takes place by means of intermediate spaces remaining between the shafts or disks with a certain "sieve opening width", so that a "sieve fraction" is provided below the pulley screen and an "oversize fraction" is provided at the pulp sieve end.

In the following, the direction in which the rotation of the discs drives the material located on the disc screen is referred to as the "transport direction" of a disc screen. This transport direction thus corresponds to the circumferential movement of the discs at the top of the disc screen, and the transport direction thus extends orthogonal to the axes of the waves on which the discs are arranged. In contrast, the direction of the axes of the shafts of the disk screen is also referred to below as "axial direction" or as the direction "transverse to the transport direction".

When using a disc screen of the known type only a first fraction as a sieve fraction (below the disc screen) and a second fraction as an oversize fraction (Scheibensiebende) are provided. For more accurate material separation in even more fractions, it is possible to arrange several separate disk sieves with a successively larger "sieve opening width" in succession, as in the document, for example EP 1188489B1 , Apart from this, that this means a considerable additional effort, the separation accuracy as such in the known seven-sieves often leaves much to be desired, unless one sees a very long in his transport direction Scheibensieb before, but again means a lot of effort.

A disadvantage of this state of the art, moreover, a fixed by the concrete construction separation characteristic, which can be changed at most by costly reconstruction measures. However, in practice this is often necessary in order to adjust the separation characteristic to a new material to be separated or to achieve a separation accuracy required from a practical point of view for a given material.

It is an object of the present invention to provide novel devices and methods for separating material, which should be particularly suitable for the separation of green material into several greenware fractions and to allow this with technically simple means a high separation accuracy with simultaneous variability of the separation characteristic.

The basic idea of the invention is to use a disk screen of the type already explained above for material separation, which is, however, suitably modified or used to achieve a high separation accuracy. This possibly also to enable a simple variability of the separation characteristic. The invention can be used in particular for material separation for the purpose of more efficient utilization of the individual material fractions.

According to the invention, there is provided an apparatus for separating material into a plurality of material fractions, comprising a disc screen for providing a first fraction as a screen fraction below the disc screen, the disc screen extending upwardly in its transport direction in a transverse direction of the device, for providing a second fraction as an oversize fraction at the upper transverse end of the disc screen, and the disc screen extending transversely to its transport direction in a longitudinal direction of the device from an upper material application region with a downward slope, to provide a third fraction as an oversize fraction at the lower longitudinal end of the Scheibensiebes. Alternatively or In addition to the tendency of Scheibensieberstreckung down the intended material transport can be realized transversely to the actual transport direction of the Scheibensiebes also by a suitable design of discs Scheibensiebes, for example, by "propeller-like" discs, which drive the material not only in the circumferential direction of the disc rotation, but also orthogonal to it (in axial direction).

Unlike the known disk screen mentioned above, in the disk screen of the device according to the invention, transport of the material applied thereto is effected not only in the "transport direction" of the disk screen, but also "transversely to the transport direction". This is due to the upward inclination considered in the direction of transport and the longitudinal inclination downwards (and / or particular shaping of the disks) viewed transversely to the transport direction. Due to the bank a part of the material, namely a material content with not suitable by the screen openings, "rather large and heavy" components can not climb the bank in the transport direction and instead on the disc screen in the longitudinal direction of the device (transverse to the transport direction of the disc screen) migrate to the longitudinal end and leave there as the "third fraction" the Scheibensieb. Optionally, this longitudinal migration of the material may be from an "upper" material feed area to a "lower" longitudinal end, with an appropriate down dip in the course from the material feed area to the longitudinal end. Another such oversize fraction, namely the "second fraction", with rather "large and light" constituents, will climb the bank and thus leave the disc sieve at the upper transverse end. Finally, as the "first fraction", a portion of the material having rather "small" constituents will pass through the screen openings and be provided underneath the disk screen.

Advantageously, three different fractions of material can thus be provided with a single disk screen with the separator according to the invention. Advantageously, the construction is even suitable to provide even more material fractions, ie z. B. four or five different material fractions. This can be achieved by simple modifications, which will be discussed below.

In one embodiment, the device comprises at least one collection container for collecting one of the fractions. Alternatively or additionally, the device may comprise at least one elongate conveyor for discharging one of the fractions. In an embodiment which is advantageous, above all, for a prolonged operation, an elongate conveying device for conveying away is provided for each of the fractions provided.

With regard to the application of the material to be separated on the disc screen, the device may have a corresponding material feeding device, in particular an elongated conveyor for feeding the material into a region which is located (viewed in the transverse direction) at the lower transverse end and (viewed in the longitudinal direction) at an upper Longitudinal end of the Scheibensiebes or (in the absence of longitudinal inclination) at that longitudinal end which is opposite to the longitudinal end at which the third fraction is provided. However, it should not be excluded that the supply alternatively z. B. at this longitudinal end, optionally "upper longitudinal end", but viewed in the transverse direction takes place in a central region of the Scheibensiebes.

In one embodiment, the device comprises at least 5, in particular at least 7 discs provided with discs. Such a number of waves is z. B. in particular for a Scheibensiebbreite in the order of about 1 to 2 meters appropriate. Regardless of the wire width, it is often advantageous if the device has 2 to 6 waves per meter wire width. The pivot bearing of the waves can be fixed, or provided variably adjustable with respect to the mutual shaft spacing.

In one embodiment, the device comprises at least 50, in particular at least 100 discs per shaft. Such a number of slices is z. B. in particular for a mobile Grüngutseparator with a working length of the order of about 4 to 5 m appropriate. Regardless of the working length, it is often advantageous if the device has at least 10 discs per meter working length. For most applications, it is sufficient if the device can be operated with up to 20, in particular up to 40 discs per meter working length.

In one embodiment it is provided that the number and / or axial arrangement of the disks on the shaft is variable. Preferably, no release of the shafts from their pivot bearings is required for such a variation. Thus, the separation accuracy or adaptability of the separation characteristic can be further improved. Special ways to change the number and / or axial arrangement of the discs on the shaft in a technically simple manner will be described below.

In one embodiment, the shafts of Scheibensiebes each (viewed axially) a "sieve area", which carries the rotating disks during operation of the device and which join in the axial direction on both sides more shaft sections for pivotal mounting or for rotary drive of the shaft. In one embodiment, it is provided that the sieve region of the shaft is essentially formed by a hollow cylindrical shaft section, on which shaft sections of smaller diameter adjoin in the axial direction on both sides, which are preferably solid and which in each case on a Scheibensiebrahmen over the width of the disc screen are mounted rotatably drivable.

According to one embodiment it is provided that for a variation of the number and / or the axial arrangement of discs on a respective shaft of the disc screen a positive connection between each disc and the associated shaft is provided, which in a first relative rotational position of the disc with respect to the shaft an axial displacement allows the disc on the shaft and in a second relative rotational position of the disc with respect to the shaft blocks an axial displacement of the disc on the shaft, further comprising means for securing the disc in the second relative rotational position during operation of the device.

In a further development of this embodiment, it is provided that the shaft has in a screen area at least one point of its circumference a radially outwardly projecting and extending in the axial direction Arretierungsleiste, wherein the disc with a matched to the circumference of the wire portion of the shaft passage opening for the passage of Shaft is formed whose opening edge has a radially outwardly directed recess for the passage of the locking strip, and wherein the locking bar on one of its circumferentially viewed sides has a plurality of axially spaced apart Arretierungsbuchten, in which one of the indentation in the circumferential direction immediately adjacent portion of the disc can be brought by relative rotation of the disc with respect to the shaft in engagement to block their axial displacement on the shaft.

In one embodiment, the number of Arretierungsbuchten the Arretierungsleiste in the range of 40 to 400, in particular from 100 to 300. The locking bar may be integrally formed with a central shaft portion, or as a separate, subsequently attached to the middle shaft portion component.

In one embodiment, the Arretierungsbuchten viewed in the axial direction are equidistant distributed over the sieve region of the shaft.

The relative rotational position of the disc with respect to the shaft, in which the disc is blocked in the axial direction, represents the position referred to above as the "second relative rotational position." In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the torque exerted by the material on the discs during operation of the device Trying to hold discs in their second relative rotational position or this torque secures the discs in this position. This can be accomplished in a simple manner by arranging the locking bays on that side of the locking strip which is viewed in the circumferential direction, which constitutes the "front or anticipatory" side of the locking strip during rotation of the shaft.

Alternatively or additionally, a means for securing the disc in the second relative rotational position also z. Example, be realized by a safety bar, which is threaded parallel to the locking bar in the axial direction by intermediate spaces or pushed, which result in located in the second relative rotational position of the discs on the side facing away from the Arretierungsbuchten Arretierungsleiste. In such a retracted security rod turning back of discs in the first relative rotational position and thus a release of discs from the Arretierungsbuchten is particularly reliable excluded.

In one embodiment, apart from its locking bays, the locking strip is designed as a profile extending in the axial direction (the profile cross-section being, for example, quadrangular). In particular, when the sieve area is a hollow cylindrical Has shape, so z. For example, if it is designed in the simplest way as a pipe section (eg with closed ends), it is preferable to manufacture the locking strip as a component separately from the shaft and then attach it to the outer circumference of the shaft (eg to be welded on). In a further development, the locking strip is initially provided as a profile component, in which then the locking bays are worked out (for example, milled out). This is preferred before the attachment of the profile on the outer circumference of the shaft. Alternatively, it is z. B. conceivable to subsequently provide a profile component with a plurality of additional components (eg, to be welded thereto), so that remaining spaces between these additional components provide the Arretierungsbuchten.

In one embodiment, the profile cross section of the locking strip is substantially rectangular, possibly with a slight slope of its radially outer surface (as described below). This is especially easy in terms of manufacturing technology.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the profile cross section of the locking strip and the indentation edge of the disc are designed such that with the engagement of the disc with a locking bay of the locking strip, a clamping of the disc is accompanied. Above all, this clamping has the advantage that thus a backlash of the disc blocked on the shaft can be achieved. In addition, this clamp can be a means for securing the disc in the second relative rotational position or contribute to such a backup. The clamping can take place in the radial direction and / or axial direction and inhibit a turning back of the disc (out of the locking bay) by frictional forces.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the locking strip of the shaft and, accordingly, the indentation at the passage opening of the disc are provided several times, viewed in the circumferential direction, at a plurality of locations. In a specific embodiment, for. B. Arretierungsleisten and associated Scheibeneinbuchtungen provided at three points of the circumference. If locking strips are provided at several points of the circumference, then these points are particularly preferably arranged distributed equidistantly over the circumference. In this case, in addition to a greater load capacity of the positive connection advantageously results in minimizing the imbalance each formed from a shaft and the associated discs component.

According to one embodiment, it is provided that for a variation of the number of disks on a respective shaft of the disk screen in the region of at least one shaft end, a receiving space for accommodating a not required for the current operation of the device number of disks is formed, and wherein the discs of a Sieve range of the shaft into the receiving space into and out of the receiving area out into the sieve region of the shaft are axially displaceable.

In a further development of this embodiment, it is provided that on the shaft on the one hand and on the discs on the other hand corresponding fastening means for releasably securing the discs are provided at desired axial positions of the shaft. A particularly advantageous possibility for this is the above-described positive connection between the disc and the associated shaft, which can be achieved by a relative rotation between the disc and the associated shaft.

In one embodiment, the size of the receiving space is dimensioned such that at least half of the number of maximum can be arranged on the shaft discs can be accommodated therein. In particular, at a working length of the disk screen in the order of about 3 to 4 m, the receiving space z. B. be sized to accommodate at least 30, in particular at least 50 discs suitable.

If, as already mentioned above, the sieve region of the shaft is substantially formed by a hollow cylindrical shaft section, on which shaft sections of a smaller diameter adjoin each other in the axial direction, the receiving space can surround at least one of the smaller diameter shaft sections adjoining the sieve region on both sides.

The recording room can be upwards z. B. be limited by a releasably attached to the Scheibensiebrahmen cover, which z. B. simultaneously forms a cover for a pivot bearing of the shaft.

In a likewise very advantageous embodiment with regard to the separation accuracy and variability of the separation characteristic, the inclination of the pulley screen, which is viewed in the transverse direction, and / or the optionally inclined longitudinal direction of the pulley screen can be variably adjusted.

The bank of Scheibensiebes z. B. be realized by a translational adjustability of the waves orthogonal to their axial direction, such as by the front and rear end of the disc screen located rotary bearings of the shaft ends are designed to be displaced accordingly. In a simpler embodiment, however, it is provided that (at least one transverse outer part) of the shafts is mounted in a predetermined relative paraxial arrangement with the two shaft ends each in a frame part of the disc screen and a pivotability of the frame parts is provided to change the bank. Moreover, if the frame parts or a disc screen frame formed therewith are designed to be tiltable in the longitudinal direction of the device, then the adjustability of the longitudinal inclination of the disc screen can also be realized in a simple manner.

In a likewise very advantageous embodiment with regard to the separation accuracy and variability of the separation characteristic, the transverse inclination and / or longitudinal inclination of the disc screen can be adjusted continuously (eg by means of an electric or hydraulic drive).

In one embodiment, it is provided that, due to the transverse inclination, an inclination (at least in sections) of at least 30 °, in particular at least 40 °, with respect to the horizontal is present or can be set. An adjustment provided for this purpose may, for. B. allow the setting of (possibly locally largest) inclination over an angular range of 30 ° to 80 °, in particular 40 ° to 70 °.

As regards the optionally provided longitudinal inclination, this is preferably at least 5 °, in particular at least 10 °, at each point in the longitudinal direction of the disc screen, or is adjustable to such a value (eg inclination range of approximately 5 ° to approximately 20 °) ° adjustable).

In one embodiment, it is provided that the disk screen in its longitudinal course from the (eg upper) material feed area to its (eg lower) longitudinal end at one point has a transition from a certain sieve opening width to a comparatively larger sieve opening width for dividing the first fraction into a Feinsiebfraktion provided in the longitudinal course before said point below the Scheibensiebes and provided in the longitudinal course after said point below the Scheibensiebes Grobsiebfraktion.

As a result of this simple modification, four different material fractions can already be provided with the device according to the invention. According to this principle, the sieve fraction provided below the disc screen could be divided even more in detail to provide even more different material fractions by providing several of the above-mentioned points with a transition from a certain sieve opening width to a comparatively larger sieve opening width.

The "sieve opening width" of the disk screen is determined by the (local) design and arrangement of the disks, in particular the dimensioning of the spaces between (radially and / or axially) adjacent disks. There are various possibilities for creating the transition (or multiple transitions) from a certain sieve opening width to another sieve opening width. An unprivileged possibility is to provide a changed mutual distance of the shafts beyond the transition point. This requires additional shaft bearings. It is therefore preferred not to change the mutual shaft spacing at the transition point and to advantageously use the same shafts for the arrangement of screen disks in front of and behind the transition point. In this case, z. B. the thickness and / or the radial extent (eg., Diameter) of the discs before and behind the transition point may be provided differently from each other. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to provide the mutual disc spacing along the respective shafts, that is, differently in the longitudinal direction of the device. Regardless of this, it is also possible to provide the shape of the discs before and behind the transition point different from each other, so as to accomplish a change in Sieböffnungsweite.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the course (or inclination) with which the disk screen extends in its transport direction in the transverse direction of the device with an inclination upwards is not uniformly provided for the entire extent of the disk screen in the longitudinal direction. In particular, z. For example, it may be provided that the bank is steeper in a front material feed area and flatter in a rear area (eg, at the device end). Such a variation of the bank as a function of the longitudinal position can be provided continuously or in stages. Such an "opening of the Scheibensiebquerschnittes" Scheibensiebende towards z. B. advantageously take into account the fact that in the front task usually more material is that tends to ascend and overcome the bank, as is the case in the rear, already thinned area.

With regard to the shaping of the discs of the disc screen used according to the invention, the following should be noted: In the simplest case, these discs are completely flat discs with a substantially round (eg circular) shape, but preferably with a corrugated circumferential course (cf. eg at the beginning mentioned DE 44 30 682 A1 ). In the context of the present invention, however, deviating or modified designs of the "slices" should also be covered. Such modifications are of interest, for example, in order to effect, alternatively or in addition to the mentioned longitudinal inclination of the disc screen, the material transport intended thereby in the longitudinal direction by means of a special shaping of the "discs".

In one embodiment, for. B. provided that the discs have at one or more points in the region of its outer periphery of disc portions which are slightly different from a plane extending exactly orthogonal to the axis of rotation slightly inclined (eg, by more than 5 °, in particular more than 10 °) extend to this plane to exert a driving effect on the applied material in the direction of the rotation axis course. For this purpose, z. B. be provided that a respective disc has a total of a substantially round contour and a substantially orthogonal to the axis of rotation oriented disc plane, at its periphery, however, one or more, z. B. "propeller-like" has inclined wing sections.

In a further development of such a design suitable for material longitudinal transport, it is provided that a plurality of disks arranged longitudinally along a shaft are connected to one another to form a "spiral structure". The "disks" arranged along a shaft of the disk screen in the sense of the invention therefore do not have to be separate individual disks but can also be sections of a longitudinally extending spiral structure (at least over a section of the wavelength extension). This is for example the case with a "screw", as it is known from other fields as such (eg screw conveyor, extruder screw, etc.), but in the context of the invention preferably as "(on the circumference) profiled screw" is formed.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the disc screen extends in its transport direction in the transverse direction of the device on both sides with an inclination upwards to provide the second fraction as an oversize fraction at the two upper transverse ends of the disc screen.

In this case, an approximately V-shaped or approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape of the disk screen results, preferably symmetrically with respect to a vertical longitudinal center plane of the disk screen. The "transport direction" of such a disc screen must be different for the two "sideways rising branches" of the disc screen, namely for each branch in each case directed outwards to the corresponding (left or right) transverse end.

A first advantage of this embodiment is that even with a relatively narrow design of the disk screen (in the transverse direction), the danger that part of the material driven on the disk screen in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction against the transport direction of the disk screen drops from the latter. By approximately V-shaped or U-shaped cross-sectional shape is considered in the transverse direction rather a trough formed, which reliably prevents this. Another advantage is that with the same length of the disc screen in the same time about twice as much material can be separated. The "second fraction" is effectively provided in parallel processing on both the left and right sides of the device.

• Bereitstellen einer Vorrichtung der oben beschriebenen Art,
• Aufbringen von Material auf den Materialaufgabebereich des Scheibensiebes,
• Sammeln und gegebenenfalls Abfördern der ersten Fraktion als Siebfraktion unterhalb des Scheibensiebes, gegebenenfalls aufgeteilt in mehrere verschieden feine Siebfraktionen, der zweiten Fraktion als Überkornfraktion am oberen Querende, gegebenenfalls an beiden oberen Querenden, des Scheibensiebes, und der dritten Fraktion als Überkornfraktion am Längsende des Scheibensiebes.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for separating material, such as, for example, bulk material, in particular green material, into several material fractions is provided, comprising

• Providing a device of the type described above,
• Applying material to the material feed area of the disk screen,
• Collecting and optionally conveying the first fraction as a sieve fraction below the Scheibensiebes, optionally divided into several different fine sieve fractions, the second fraction as an oversize fraction at the upper transverse end, optionally at both upper transverse ends of the Scheibensiebes, and the third fraction as an oversize fraction at the longitudinal end of the Scheibensiebes.

Since this method is carried out using a device of the type already explained above, the embodiments and special features already described above for the device, individually or in combinations, can also be provided analogously to the further development of the method according to the invention.

For example, provision can be made, for example, for at least one of the fractions of the applied material provided by the disk screen to be carried away by means of an elongate conveying device. Furthermore, it can be provided, for example, that the material feed area is an "upper material feed area" and the longitudinal end provided for dispensing the third fraction is a "lower longitudinal end", and therefore a pitch is provided. Alternatively or additionally, as already described above, it is again possible to use a design of the disks which is suitable for material transport in the longitudinal direction.

In the method according to the invention, it is also possible to provide interruptions in operation in which, for example, to adapt to a new material to be applied and / or to change the separation characteristic, one or more modifications are made to the apparatus and in particular the disk screen used (eg adjustment the inclination seen in the transverse direction and / or an inclination seen in the longitudinal direction, change in the number and / or axial arrangement of disks on the shafts, etc.).

A particularly preferred field of application of the invention is the separation of green waste into several green waste fractions, for example in the context of the provision and / or processing of composted material.

For example, with the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention, fresh green waste can be separated into several green waste fractions. In the simplest case, the apparatus used for this purpose comprises as "separating component" only a disk screen or "double disk screen" (with, for example, approximately U-shaped cross-sectional shape) of the type described above. In this case, already 3 or more green material fractions can be obtained become. However, it should by no means be ruled out that further separating components are used in this case, for example to further separate at least one of the fractions delivered by the disc screen and / or to supply the disc screen with a material which has been provided as a material fraction by an upstream separating component. The resulting fractions can then be fed to a respective advantageous use.

However, the invention can also be used for the preparation of compost, for example already partly composted green material, for example to separate already "finished composted" components from the compost (and to subject the remainder, for example, to further composting or to feed it to another use ).

The fractions created by the invention as well as separation accuracy or adaptability of the separation characteristic is extremely important, especially for the application of composting, because with one and the same separation device after only minor modifications to the window screen each optimal separation result can be achieved. In this regard, it should be noted that in the longer-lasting course of composting of green material, the nature of the compost or its constituents changed very much, so that depending on the composting stage, a preparation of composting each very different demands on the number of fractions to be separated and / or the separation characteristic provides.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels,
• Fig. 2 eine schematische Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels,
• Fig. 4 eine schematische Stirnansicht der Vorrichtung von Fig. 3,
• Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht einer bei den Trennvorrichtungen verwendbaren Siebwelle,
• Fig. 6 eine Stirnansicht der Siebwelle von Fig. 5,
• Fig. 7 eine bei der Siebwelle der Fig. 5 und 6 verwendbare Siebscheibe,
• Fig. 8 die Welle von Fig. 5 und 6 samt daran befestigter Scheibe von Fig. 7,
• Fig. 9 ein Detail aus Fig. 8 in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• Fig. 10 eine schematische Stirnansicht einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,
• Fig. 11 eine schematische Stirnansicht einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,
• Fig. 12 eine der Fig. 9 entsprechende perspektivische Ansicht eines Details einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels, und
• Fig. 13 eine schematische Seitenansicht des Scheibensiebes einer Trennvorrichtung gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels.

The invention will be further described by means of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

• Fig. 1 a schematic side view of a separating device according to a first embodiment,
• Fig. 2 a schematic end view of the device of Fig. 1 .
• Fig. 3 a schematic side view of a separating device according to a second embodiment,
• Fig. 4 a schematic end view of the device of Fig. 3 .
• Fig. 5 a side view of a usable in the separation device screen shaft,
• Fig. 6 an end view of the screen shaft of Fig. 5 .
• Fig. 7 one at the sieve shaft of the Fig. 5 and 6 usable screen disc,
• Fig. 8 the wave of Fig. 5 and 6 complete with attached disc from Fig. 7 .
• Fig. 9 a detail from Fig. 8 in perspective view,
• Fig. 10 a schematic end view of a separating device according to another embodiment,
• Fig. 11 a schematic end view of a separating device according to another embodiment,
• Fig. 12 one of the Fig. 9 corresponding perspective view of a detail of a separating device according to another embodiment, and
• Fig. 13 a schematic side view of the Scheibensiebes a separator according to another embodiment.

The Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate a first embodiment of an apparatus 10 for separating material, in particular green material, in several material fractions ("green waste separator").

The device 10 comprises a pulley screen 12 for material 14 applied thereto, for the supply of which a material bunker 16 with a conveyor belt 18 is provided.

In the figures, a longitudinal direction L, a transverse direction Q and a vertical direction H of the device 10 are shown.

Unlike a conventional disc screen, the disc screen 12 does not have a simple planar horizontally extended disc plane, but a disc screen surface extending in both the transverse direction Q and in the longitudinal direction L inclined (to the horizontal).

Like it out Fig. 2 is apparent, the disk screen 12 extends in its transport direction (which is denoted by T in the figure) in the transverse direction Q with an inclination upward. In the illustrated embodiment, the disk screen 12 has a series of seven axially parallel shafts 20 each having disposed thereon discs 22 (each with non-circular outer circumference), wherein viewed in the transverse direction Q first three waves 20 at the same height, the remaining four shafts 20, however are arranged with successively increasing position in the vertical direction H, so that in the transport direction overall, the mentioned inclination of the disc screen 12 results upward. This inclination is hereinafter also referred to as "bank".

The number of waves 20 and their concrete arrangement could, of course, also be chosen differently than described for this example. In particular, for the illustrated device 10 z. As well as more than seven waves, z. B. be provided about 10 or 20 waves.

In addition, the pulley 12 extends transversely to its transport direction T, in the longitudinal direction L of the device 10, from an upper material feed area 24 with a downward slope, to a lower longitudinal end 26 of the Scheibensiebes 12. This also referred to as "longitudinal tilt "designated inclination is in Fig. 2 omitted for simplicity of illustration, however, good in Fig. 1 recognizable.

This design of the disk screen 12 is used in the illustrated embodiment to provide three different material fractions.

A "first fraction" is provided as a sieve fraction below the pulp screen 12 and conveyed away by means of a conveyor belt 28 also extending in the longitudinal direction L, like the feed conveyor belt 18, and a conveyor belt 30 extending therethrough in the transverse direction Q. The first fraction consists of the "rather small" constituents of the material 14 being fed, namely those which fall down through the sieve openings formed by the pulp screen 12 (eg small particles of wood). In the illustrated embodiment, the disk screen 12 has a uniform "wire opening width", defined by the interlocking arrangement of the adjacent, rotating disks 22nd

A "second fraction" is provided as an oversize fraction at an upper transverse end 32 of the pulp screen 12. The second fraction consists of the "rather larger and lighter" constituents of the material 14 fed in. These constituents are driven by the rotating disks 22 in the transport direction T and in the transverse direction Q sideways and upwards to this transverse end 32 (eg foliage, Grass and other herbaceous components, foils etc.).

A "third fraction" is provided at the lower longitudinal end 26 of the pulley screen 12. The third fraction is made up of "rather larger and heavier" constituents of the material 14 being fed. Although these components also have a drive in the transport direction T, they are too heavy to overcome the bank as far as the upper transverse end 32. In a sense, these components tumble downwards in the area of the bank, whereby, however, a certain locomotion takes place in the longitudinal direction L as a result of the longitudinal inclination of the disc screen 12 Components at the lower longitudinal end 26 fall down from the pulley screen onto a conveyor belt 34 extending in the longitudinal direction L (eg, larger wood particles and branches).

Advantageously, therefore, three different material fractions are provided with a single pulley screen 12.

It is understood that the means for feeding the material 14 to be separated and for conveying away the fractions (here: conveyor belts 18, 28, 30 and 34) may also be realized differently than illustrated. As an alternative to the discharge belts or in addition to these also collecting container could be provided. Also can be completely dispensed with individual conveyor belts. The latter is z. B. in the illustrated embodiment for the second fraction actually the case. This drops starting from the upper transverse end 32 just down to the ground. Alternatively, however, a longitudinal conveyor belt and / or a collecting container could also be provided for this second fraction.

The provided for applying the material to be separated 14 on the pulley 12 conveyor belt 18 places this material 14 at the upper material feed area 24 on the pulley 12 from. This material application area is in the illustrated embodiment at the same time at a lower transverse end of the Scheibensiebes 12, but at a certain distance thereof, to a drop of the applied material in the transverse direction Q against the transport direction T (see. Fig. 2 ) to avoid.

The device 10 can be designed such that the number and axial arrangement of the discs 22 on the respective shafts 20 can be varied without the need for major disassembly work, in particular a release of the shafts 20 from their pivot bearings is required. Possibilities for realizing such variability and thus adaptability of the separation characteristic will be described below with reference to FIGS Fig. 5 to 9 to describe in more detail. At this point, it should merely be noted that these possibilities are based on the fact that the individual disks 22 are fastened on the respective shafts 20 by means of simple form-locking connections (and can be re-arranged after releasing the positive-locking connection in an axially offset position) and / or on at least one of the two ends of a respective shaft, a receiving space designed to accommodate a number of "spare discs" not required for the current device operation.

The device 10 preferably also comprises the devices required for driving the described device components (eg electric, petrol or diesel engine (s) for driving the disc screen 12 and the conveying devices). Alternatively or additionally, such drive devices could also be provided by device components already provided with a drive. This is z. B. to think of components which are the Scheibensieb 12 upstream (not shown). In particular, when forming the device 10 as a green material separator, it may be such z. B. to a screening machine, a shredder or a shredder act.

In the illustrated embodiment, the disc screen 12 and the conveyor belts 18, 28, 30, and optionally also the conveyor belt 34, structurally combined into a mobile unit and in a manner not shown in detail z. B. mounted on a motor vehicle trailer frame 36. Thus, the device 10 can be easily brought to a desired place of use. Optionally, other device components such as in particular subsequent to the conveyor belts shown, further conveyor belts (and / or provided for the second fraction Abförderband) in a suitable manner (during transport of the device) to the trailer frame 36 may be arranged.

In a mobile implementation (such as in Fig. 1 shown), the entire device 10, at least during transport preferably has a width of a maximum of 3 m, more preferably a maximum of 2.5 m, about to comply with road traffic laws. Of course, such dimensions may be exceeded at the point of use, for example after an unfolding or spreading out of the conveyors entrained by the mobile unit.

In the illustrated embodiment, the shafts 20 of the disc screen 12 are mounted in a fixed predetermined mutual position to each other on a frame 38 each rotatably driven. Thus, it is particularly easy to variably adjust the bank and / or the pitch to the separation characteristic of the device 10 to the Condition of the material to be supplied 14 or to adapt the desired properties of the material fractions.

In the illustrated embodiment, an adjustment of the bank can be realized by a corresponding rotation of the frame 38 about a longitudinal axis of rotation. For example only is in Fig. 2 such a possible axis of rotation at 40 located. Alternatively or additionally, the axis of rotation drawn at 40 'could be used to change only the outer part of the disk screen 12, viewed in the transverse direction Q, in its transverse inclination.

Both for the adjustment of the bank and the pitch can z. B. hydraulic devices (not shown) may be provided which z. B. by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine (eg., Otto engine or diesel engine) are driven, in particular if such a drive device z. B. to drive the disc screen 12 and / or at least one of the conveyor belts is provided anyway.

In the following description of further embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for equivalent components, each supplemented by a small letter to distinguish the embodiment. In this case, essentially only the differences from the embodiment (s) already described are discussed and, moreover, reference is hereby explicitly made to the description of previous exemplary embodiments.

The Fig. 3 and 4 show a separator 10a according to another embodiment.

The separating device 10a is modified in two respects from the separating device 10 described above, wherein these modifications of the device 10 described in more detail below could also be carried out individually.

The first modification is that a pulley screen 12a used in the apparatus 10a has a transition from a predetermined one in its longitudinal direction at an upper material feeding area 24a to a lower longitudinal end 26a at a location L1 In contrast, the sieve opening width has a larger sieve opening width in order to divide a first fraction arising below the pulley screen 12a into two "sub-fractions". Thus, the device 10a fractionates a fed material 14a into a total of four fractions.

The first sub-fraction forms a "fine sieve fraction", which is provided in the longitudinal course in front of said location L1 below the pulley screen 12a. This is, similar to the device 10 described above, discharged with conveyor belts 28a and 30a.

The second sub-fraction represents a "coarse sieve fraction" which is provided in the longitudinal direction after said point L1 below the pulley screen 12a. For their removal, a further conveyor belt 42a is provided in the illustrated embodiment, which extends in the transverse direction Q. Between the conveyor belts 30a and 42a, a vertical separation wall 43a is arranged in the illustrated embodiment below the pulley screen 12a to prevent mixing of the fractions in this area.

The difference of the sieve opening width in front of and behind the point L1 is realized in the illustrated embodiment in that in the longitudinal region beyond the point L1 of the mutual distance of discs 22a in the longitudinal direction L is increased and also the diameter of shafts 20a in this longitudinal region is reduced. Advantageously, therefore, one and the same shafts 20a are used to form the two screening areas in front of and behind the point L1. It is merely provided a reduced diameter of the waves in the area beyond the point L1. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible to use differently shaped disks in the two subregions of the screen screen 12a. Deviating from the illustrated embodiment, in which the point L1 is fixed by a change in diameter of the shafts 20a, is also considered to use waves of uniform diameter and the "location L1" set variable so that viewed in the longitudinal direction L this side and beyond the Place L1 the slices are arranged with different population density (slices per length). In this case, the disk screen could in particular also be completely occupied with disks which are identical to one another (whereby the change of the wire opening width at the point L1 (and possibly further such locations) alone realized by the change of the local population density). In this context, the further developments described below regarding an "axial displaceability of the discs" and the "storage of spare discs" are particularly interesting.

The second modification is that the pulley screen 12a extends upwardly on both sides in the transverse direction Q of the device 10a with an inclination, as is clear from the front view of FIG Fig. 4 can be seen.

The disk screen 12a is formed symmetrically to a vertical longitudinal center plane E, with two "Scheibensiebzweigen" extending on both sides of this plane E, which extend in their respective transport directions T and T 'in the transverse direction Q with the same inclination or symmetrical course up until towards two upper transverse ends 32a and 32a '. The transport directions T and T 'of the two wire branches are viewed in the transverse direction Q viewed opposite to each other. Each Scheibensiebzweig consists in the illustrated embodiment of a total of six shafts 20a and 20a 'together with associated discs 22a and 22a'.

A particular advantage of the device 10a is that a larger number of fractions can be formed due to the change in the Sieböffnungsweite provided in the longitudinal direction, which according to the illustrated principle, the sieve fraction provided below the screen screen 12a could be further divided by more than one Position (here: L1) is provided with such a change in the sieve opening width. In addition, the approximately V-shaped cross-sectional configuration of the disk screen surface provided in the apparatus 10a enables a faster separation process.

In the above example of a device 10a, the sieve opening width is not uniform across the entire length of the pulley screen 12a. In this regard, it should be noted that within the scope of the invention, a variation of other "screen parameters" depending on the longitudinal position are conceivable, for. B. a non-uniform longitudinal direction L bank or cross-sectional shape of the disc screen. In particular, it could be provided that the lateral inclination L decreases from the front to the rear. In a structurally particularly simple embodiment can this z. B. not exactly in the longitudinal direction L extending shafts 20a may be provided in order to realize the longitudinally L rearwardly decreasing bank.

It is particularly advantageous if, as already explained, the number and / or axial arrangement of the disks on a respectively associated shaft is variable and no release of the shafts from their rotary bearings is required for such a variation. Hereinafter, referring to the Fig. 5 to 9 an exemplary embodiment of a shaft construction is described, which is suitable for such a variability and thus suitable for example for the formation of the device 10 and 10a already described.

Fig. 5 shows a shaft 20b of a (not shown) Scheibensiebes.

The shaft 20b extends in the longitudinal direction L from an upper longitudinal end 44b (eg, corresponding to the upper material application area 24 in FIG Fig. 1 with an inclination down to a lower longitudinal end 26b. This longitudinal inclination is in Fig. 5 for the sake of simplicity, not shown.

On the shaft 20b a plurality of spaced apart in the longitudinal direction L (axial direction of the shaft 20b) discs 22b are arranged and in the operation of the disc screen rotatably connected to the associated shaft 20b.

The discs 22b have a non-circular outer periphery, which is formed in the dargstellten embodiment of a circle with a plurality of equidistantly distributed in the circumferential direction, arranged approximately semicircular indentations. Deviating from this, other peripheral designs are conceivable (eg, as with a so-called "star screen").

The shaft 20b is supported by frame profile parts 46b and 52b as well as the other, not shown waves. Further frame profile parts 48b and 50b running parallel to the parts 46b, 52b serve for the storage of cover plates 54b and 56b.

On the frame profile parts 46b and 52b bearing blocks 58b and 60b are respectively arranged for supporting the shaft 20b to rotatably support laterally outer shaft portions 20b-3 and 20b-1. The upper frame profile parts 48b and 50b contribute to the stiffening of the construction.

The rotary drive of the shaft 20b (as well as adjacent shafts) via a rotatably connected to the respective shaft portion 20b-1 drive gear 62b, which is driven during operation of the device by a (not shown) drive chain for rotating the respective shafts. The drive chain in this case runs in the transverse direction Q and high direction H of a Scheibensiebrahmens within the bounded by the cover plate 56b area and is for simultaneous and co-rotational drive of the respective waves in engagement with the drive gears.

In an axially central region of the shaft 20b (shaft section 20b-2), this is designed as a hollow-cylindrical tube section which is closed on both sides and has a substantially larger diameter compared with the lateral shaft sections 20b-1, 20b-3. This axial region can also be referred to as a "sieve region" because the sieving (and transport) of the applied material takes place only in this region. The cover plates 54b and 56b cover the areas disposed on both sides thereof to prevent penetration of material to be screened into these areas.

The size of the "screen openings" or the Sieböffnungsweite and thus the Siebcharakteristik is determined by the arrangement, shape and dimensions of the interstices, which remain between the individual waves or the attached discs.

An advantageous feature of the shaft construction shown is that the number and axial arrangement of the discs 22b on the associated shaft 20b can be changed in a simple manner, such as to adapt the separator formed therewith to a new good to be separated. Advantageously, it is not necessary for this purpose to remove the shaft 20b from the device or to release it from its rotary bearings 58b and 60b. To illustrate this peculiarity is the in Fig. 5 left portion of the screen area exemplified with a relatively large density of discs 22b, whereas the right part of the screen area is shown with a lower population density on discs 22b. In both in Fig. 5 Casting cases shown are the discs 22b in the axial direction (longitudinal direction L) arranged equidistantly distributed, which z. B. in an application in the device 10 ( Fig. 1 and 2 ) is preferred. Different screen widths in different axial areas of the screen area 20b-2 are in contrast z. In an application in the device 10a ( Fig. 3 and 4 ) usable.

For the variability of the disc population on the shaft 22b a positive connection between each disc 22b and the associated shaft 20b is provided, which in a first relative rotational position of the disc 22b with respect to the shaft 20b allows axial displacement of the disc 22b on the shaft 20b and in a second relative rotational position the disc 22b with respect to the shaft 20b blocks such axial displacement.

The constructive realization of this positive connection will be described below with reference to Fig. 6 to 9 explained in more detail.

Fig. 6 shows isolated the shaft 20b in an end view. In the screen region of the shaft 20b, which is formed by the hollow cylindrical shaft portion 20b-2, the shaft 20b has at three offset by 120 ° to each other arranged points of its circumference each radially outwardly projecting and in the axial direction over the entire Siebbereich 20b- 2 extending locking bar 64b.

Fig. 7 shows in isolation the disc 22b, which has a to the periphery of the shaft portion 20b-2 of the shaft 20b for passage of the shaft 20b adapted passage opening 66b, the opening edge 68b has three radially outwardly directed indentations 70b. The indentations 70b, like the arresting strips 64b, are each offset by 120 ° with respect to one another in order to allow the passage of the (correspondingly arranged) arresting strips 64b and thus an axial displacement of the disk 22b on the shaft 20b.

Each locking bar 64b has on one of its sides viewed in the circumferential direction a plurality of axially spaced equidistantly spaced Arretierungsbuchten 72b up. The locking bar 64b with the arrangement of the locking bays 72b distributed in a grid-like manner in the axial direction is also good in FIG Fig. 5 recognizable.

When a disk 22b is located in the position of the detent bays 72b when viewed axially, relative rotation of the disk 22b with respect to the shaft 20b may cause a portion of the disk 22b immediately adjacent to the recess in this detent bay to engage Axial displacement of the disc 22b on the shaft 20b to block. The axial width of the Arretierungsbuchten 72b is chosen so that this disc portion fits into the bay. In other words, the width of each detent slot 72b corresponds to the thickness of the disc 22b (plus, if necessary, a certain amount of oversize which facilitates screwing the disc portion into the desired detent slot 72b.

Fig. 8 illustrates this situation in which the disc 22b is blocked on the shaft 20b.

In the illustrated embodiment, the locking bar 64b, apart from the locking bays 72b, formed as a profile extending in the axial direction with a square profile cross-section. Deviating from this, a different profile cross-section could also be provided. It is essential that the contour defined by the indentation edge of the disc 22b corresponds with the profile cross section of the locking bar 64b in such a way that the disc 22b can be slipped onto the shaft 20b or displaced on the shaft 20b.

In the illustrated embodiment, the radially outer profile cross-section edge of the locking bar 64b is not rectilinear or circular arc-shaped in the circumferential direction, but somewhat conical as shown (with a slight inclination or slope to the tangential or circumferential direction, eg from about 1 to 10) °). In addition, the radially outer recessed edge portion on the disc 22b is not formed parallel to the radially outer profile cross-section edge of the locking strip 64b, but on the other hand slightly inclined again (eg, about 1 to 2 °). This has the advantage that in a relative rotation of the disc 22b for blocking from the Axialverschiebbarkeit a clamping of the disc 22b takes place in the radial direction, which fixes the disc 22b on the shaft 20b.

Alternatively or in addition to the above-described clamping in the radial direction, a clamping in the axial direction may be provided by z. B. the axial width of each Arretierungsbucht 72b with the depth (within the bay) is provided decreasing.

Due to the relative rotation of the disc 22b with respect to the shaft 20b and thus with respect to the locking ledges 64b, a gap between the disc 22b and the shaft 20b is formed on that side of the locking ledges 64b which is opposite to their detent ledges 72b, in which in the illustrated embodiment for securing this relative rotational position in each case a securing rod 74b has been inserted. Thus, in the operation of the disc screen, a reverse rotation of the disc 22b such that it comes out of engagement with the respective Arretierungsbucht 72b, reliably prevented.

Fig. 9 shows again in an enlarged perspective view of the area around a locking bar 64b with disk 22b blocked thereon.

In the illustrated embodiment, in the sieve region of the shaft 20b (shaft portion 20b-2 in Fig. 5 ) z. B. a total of 120 locking bays 72b on each locking bar 64b in the axial direction equidistantly distributed. Accordingly, when each of these detent bays 72b is occupied by a washer 22b, there results a maximum of 120 washers 22b per shaft 20b. This population density is in Fig. 5 illustrated in the left part of the screen area. With an axial width of the screen region of, for example, 4.5 m, this means that the disks 22b are arranged at a mutual distance of about 4 cm.

To now, for example, during a short stoppage to double the disc spacing for the whole disc screen or a longitudinal section thereof, z. For example, proceed as follows:

First, after loosening a screw 76b, 78b, the in Fig. 5 left cover plate 54b of Scheibensiebes removed.

Then, the three security rods 74b per shaft 20b are withdrawn from the shafts (in Fig. 5 to the left) to unlock the anti-rotation of the discs 22b.

Then, the discs 22b are rotated relative to the shafts 20b so as to come out of engagement with the locking bays 72b.

Then, unnecessary for the subsequent operation of the device (surplus) discs 22b are moved in the axial direction to the left of the shaft portion 20b-2 in the region of the shaft portion 20b-3, ie from the screen area 20-2 of the shaft 20b out in a during the device operation of the cover plate 54b covered area inside.

After axial positioning of the remaining in the screen area 22b-2 discs 22b, as in the right part of the Fig. 5 As shown, these discs 22b are again rotated on the shaft portion 20b-2 so as to be engaged with the detent bays 72b. Then the security rods 74b can be inserted again.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, only 60 of the total of 120 panes 22b are then located in the screen area 20b-2. Their mutual distance is now about 8 cm.

A further advantageous feature of the disc screen is that in a region surrounding the shaft section 20b-3 (and covered by the cover plate 54b during operation of the device), a receiving space 80b is formed for accommodating the number of discs 22b not required for the current operation of the device is. The 60 slices 22b not required in the example described here can be accommodated in this receiving space 80b and, as shown, are simply lined up on a horizontal holding bracket 82b and optionally fixed by a screw 84b. The headband 82b is formed in the example shown as a suitably shaped sheet metal and z. B. welded to the frame profile part 48b.

After stowing the currently not required discs 22b in the receiving space 80b, the cover plate 54b is finally put back on and fastened (screws 76b and 78b).

Thus, the disc screen or the device is ready for use with a newly set opening width of the disc screen. Deviating from the example shown, an additional receiving space (for "spare disks") could also be additionally provided at the other axial end of the shaft 20b (in FIG Fig. 5 right).

Optionally, the bank angle and / or pitch of the relevant Scheibensiebes be changed in the business interruption. The larger z. As the bank angle with respect to the horizontal, the more of the material applied to the disc screen migrates into the provided at the lower longitudinal end of the device third fraction (at the expense of the amount of provided at the or the upper transverse ends second fraction). With regard to the first fraction passing downwards through the disc screen, the longitudinal pitch in particular has a significance, as the material transport in the longitudinal direction L is slower at a smaller pitch, which advantageously increases the selectivity between the oversize grain fractions on the one hand and the sieve fraction on the other hand (but at the expense the speed of the separation process).

Fig. 10 shows a separator 10c according to another embodiment.

Unlike the above-described embodiments, a disk screen frame 38c has a drum-like shape elongated in the longitudinal direction L. Thus, a setting of the bank angle in a simple manner as shown by a Auflagerung the frame 38c on two support rollers 86c accomplished, which extend in the longitudinal direction L and in the transverse direction Q considered on both sides of a vertical longitudinal center plane E are arranged. For an adjustment of the bank, the drum-like frame 38c can be rotated with little effort on the support rollers 86c.

A further modification of the device 10c is that the arrangement of the individual shafts 20c, which successively increases in the transverse direction Q outwards, is more a arcuate course of the transverse increase defined (in contrast to the more straight-line rising in the embodiments described above). This is z. B. in view of the drum-like shape of the frame 38c of advantage.

Finally, a further modification consists in the fact that the outermost shaft 20c or the disks 22c arranged in the transverse direction Q are arranged such that a certain flattening of the overall upward slope of the disk screen 12c results at the upper transverse end 32c. This has z. Example, the advantage that the discarded by this transverse end 32c second fraction before this dropping is transported a little further in the transverse direction Q to the outside.

Notwithstanding the in Fig. 10 illustrated embodiment with only a "Scheibensiebzweig" extending from the longitudinal center plane E in the transverse direction to the right, the disk screen 12c could also be designed as a "twin" with, for example symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane E, driven in opposite directions Scheibensiebzweigen.

Fig. 11 shows a separator 10d according to another embodiment.

The device 10d has a disk screen 12d formed here, for example, symmetrically with respect to a vertical longitudinal center plane E.

A special feature of the Scheibensiebes 12d is that in the respective Scheibensiebzweigen considered in the vertical direction H highest arranged shaft 20d and 20d '(or the worn therefrom disks 22d and 22d') a Scheibensiebverlauf in the region of the upper transverse ends 32d or 32d ', which is directed inwards (towards the longitudinal center plane E), and that the second fraction arising in these areas falls onto a conveyor belt 88d suitably arranged for this purpose. The conveyor belt 88d is like the feeding conveyor belt 18d extending in the longitudinal direction L arranged, but with a corresponding vertical distance thereto.

The feeding conveyor belt 18d can, for. B. (see. Fig. 1 ) viewed longitudinally from an outer device area to the material feed area above the

Disc sieve run. By contrast, the conveyor belt 88d conveying off the second fraction extends, viewed in the longitudinal direction L, at least over the entire length of the pulley screen 12d and, viewed in the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 88d, preferably somewhat beyond it.

Fig. 12 FIG. 12 illustrates a modification of the above with reference to FIG Fig. 5 to 9 already described in detail sieve shaft construction.

The modification consists in that the disks 22e carried by a shaft 20e are inclined at their outer circumference in the region of the circumferentially equidistantly arranged projections or wings 90e with respect to the radial plane. With a rotation of the discs 22e, these inclined blades 90e thus act in a similar manner to the blades of a propeller for a driving action (here: on the applied material) in the axial direction (longitudinal direction L).

As a result of this particular shaping of the discs 22e, an additional material transport also takes place transversely to the actual transport direction (T) of the relevant disc screen during operation of the relevant device. The intended in the above-described examples of a separator 10 and 10a pitch is thus advantageously unnecessary.

Fig. 13 FIG. 12 illustrates a modified pulley 12f having discs 22f which, unlike the above-described embodiments, are not separately fixed to each other at a mutual axial distance to a respective shaft 20f but form co-rotating helical structures in the form of "augers" on a respective shaft 20f. For the purposes of the present invention, this is also a possible embodiment of the disc screen, in which a material transport additionally takes place transversely to the actual transport direction of the disc screen, ie in the longitudinal direction L, by means of a suitable shaping of the discs 22f. The circumference of the discs 22f (or the spiral structure formed therewith) is preferably profiled. For this purpose, z. B. a circumference with equidistantly distributed over indentations may be provided as z. B. in the embodiment according to Fig. 7 is illustrated.

The explained with reference to the individual embodiments peculiarities of the separation device according to the invention can of course be provided in any other combinations than described for the respective embodiments.

Claims (11)

1. Apparatus for separating material such as bulk material, in particular green waste, for example, into a plurality of material fractions, comprising a disc screen (12) for providing a first fraction as a screened fraction beneath the disc screen (12),
   wherein the disc screen (12) extends with an upward inclination in its transporting direction (T) in a transverse direction (Q) of the apparatus, in order to provide a second fraction as an oversize fraction at the upper transverse end (32) of the disc screen (12), characterized in that
   the disc screen (12) extends with a downward inclination transversely to its transporting direction (T) in a longitudinal direction (L) of the apparatus starting from a material supply region (24), and/or, by way of a suitable design of discs (22) of the disc screen (12), provides material transport also transversely to its transporting direction (T), in order to provide a third fraction as an oversize fraction at a longitudinal end (26) of the disc screen (12).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the number and/or axial arrangement of discs (22) on each shaft (20) of the disc screen (12) is variable.
3. Apparatus according to either of the preceding claims, wherein, in order to vary the number and/or axial arrangement of discs (22) on each shaft (20) of the disc screen (12), a form-fitting connection (64, 66, 70, 72) is provided between each disc (22) and the associated shaft (20), said connection, in a first relative rotary position of the disc (22) with respect to the shaft (20), allowing axial displacement of the disc (22) on the shaft (20) and, in a second relative rotary position of the disc (22) with respect to the shaft (20), blocking axial displacement of the disc (22) on the shaft (20), wherein furthermore means for securing the disc (22) in the second relative rotary position during operation of the apparatus are provided.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein the shaft (20) has a locking strip (64) that protrudes radially outwards and extends in the axial direction (L) in a screening region (20-2) at at least one point on its circumference,
   wherein the disc (22) is formed with a through-passage opening (66), adapted to the circumference of the screening region (20-2) of the shaft (20), for the shaft (20) to pass through, the opening periphery (68) of said through-passage opening (66) having a radially outwardly directed notch (70) for the locking strip (64) to pass through, and wherein the locking strip (64) has on one of its sides, as seen in the circumferential direction, a multiplicity of locking indentations (72) which are spaced apart in the axial direction (L) and into which a portion of the disc (22), said portion being immediately adjacent to the notch (70) as seen in the circumferential direction, can be brought into engagement by relative rotation of the disc (22) with respect to the shaft (20), in order to block the axial displacement of said disc on the shaft (20).
5. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, in order to vary the number of discs (22) on each shaft (20) of the disc screen (12), a receiving space (80) for accommodating a number of discs (22) not required for the current operation of the apparatus is formed in the region of at least one shaft end, and wherein the discs (22) are axially displaceable into the receiving space (80) from a screening region (20-2) of the shaft (20) and out of the receiving space (80) into the screening region (20-2) of the shaft (20).
6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, wherein corresponding fastening devices (64, 66, 70, 72) for releasably fastening the discs (22) at desired axial positions of the shaft (20) are provided both on the shaft (20) and on the discs (22).
7. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inclination, which is present as seen in the transverse direction (Q), and/or the inclination, which is optionally present as seen in the longitudinal direction (L), of the disc screen (12) is settable in a variable manner.
8. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc screen (12) has a transition from a particular screen opening width to a comparatively larger screen opening width at a point (L1) in its longitudinal course from the material supply region (24) to its longitudinal end (26), in order to divide the first fraction into a fine screened fraction provided beneath the disc screen (12) upstream of said point (L1) in the longitudinal course and a coarse screened fraction provided beneath the disc screen downstream of said point (L1) in the longitudinal course.
9. Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc screen (12) extends towards both sides with an upward inclination in its transporting direction (T, T') in the transverse direction (Q) of the apparatus, in order to provide the second fraction as an oversize fraction at both upper transverse ends (32, 32') of the disc screen (12).
10. Method for separating material such as bulk material, in particular green waste, for example, into a plurality of material fractions, comprising

    - the provision of an apparatus (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9,

    - the placing of material (14) onto the material supply region (24) of the disc screen (12),

    - the collecting and optionally conveying away of the first fraction as a screened fraction beneath the disc screen (12), optionally divided into a plurality of screened fractions having different finenesses, of the second fraction as an oversize fraction at the upper transverse end (32), optionally at both upper transverse ends (32, 32'), of the disc screen (12), characterized in that a third fraction is collected as an oversize fraction at the longitudinal end (26) of the disc screen (12).
11. Use of an apparatus (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9 and/or of a method according to Claim 10 to separate green waste into a plurality of green waste fractions, for example in order to obtain at least one green waste fraction provided for composting.

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