EP3651895A1 - Reaktor und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen polymerisation - Google Patents
Reaktor und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen polymerisationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3651895A1 EP3651895A1 EP18742425.4A EP18742425A EP3651895A1 EP 3651895 A1 EP3651895 A1 EP 3651895A1 EP 18742425 A EP18742425 A EP 18742425A EP 3651895 A1 EP3651895 A1 EP 3651895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- mixing elements
- reactor according
- helical mixing
- heat exchanger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical class CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical class CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFJUOMJGSXRJJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(C)=C GFJUOMJGSXRJJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJQMOGOKAYDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C KJQMOGOKAYDMOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000237 capillary viscometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethylaluminium chloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)CC YNLAOSYQHBDIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound C[Al](Cl)Cl YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
- B01J19/20—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00076—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements inside the reactor
- B01J2219/00085—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/00094—Jackets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reactor, in particular a tubular reactor, its use in a process for the continuous production of polymers, in particular synthetic rubbers, as well as the abovementioned process itself.
- a heat exchanger which has a substantially tubular housing with a vertically extending central shaft.
- the heat exchanger has a scraper, which runs with the aid of scraper blades on an inner side of the housing.
- the disadvantage of such a heat exchanger is that it does not allow axial mixing and thus the heat arises very locally at the entrance of the tubular reactor in a strongly exothermic reaction. This leads to a strong increase in temperature at this point, since the heat can only be dissipated insufficiently due to the small cooling surface in the region of the reaction zone. Overall, the reaction conditions are so difficult to control and it is hardly possible to set a desired molecular weight distribution.
- a continuous polymerization reactor comprising a tubular housing having a vertically rotating central helix. Furthermore, the apparatus contains a plurality of concentrically arranged cooling surfaces, which are cleaned by rotating scraper. About the central helix promotion in the axial direction is caused, so that a loop flow in the apparatus on the center tube and the annular gaps between the cooling surfaces is formed, whereby a homogeneous mixing of the apparatus is achieved. By cleaning the cooling surfaces they are kept free, so that a constant high heat dissipation is made possible.
- a disadvantage of this apparatus is the relatively high proportion of polymerization solution in the central tube. This can lead to temperature gradients in the central tube and thus to undesirably broad molecular weight distributions in a fast and highly exothermic polymerization reaction.
- the arrangement of several annular gaps to increase the heat transfer surface, the cleaning of the apparatus is made difficult in the event that build up in the reaction insoluble fractions on the rotating parts within the reactor, and thus can at least partially enforce the annular gaps. This leads to an unequal distribution of the loop flow in the apparatus and impedes or prevents a complete cleaning / rinsing of the apparatus with a chemical rinsing solution which destroys the insoluble components and discharges them from the reactor.
- a screw reactor which has a tubular housing with a cooling jacket.
- an inner tube which can also be cooled by a cooling medium.
- a helical rotating conveyor element is introduced, which conveys the reaction solution from the inlet opening at the upper end of the apparatus to the outlet opening at the bottom of the apparatus.
- a disadvantage of this apparatus for a strongly exothermic continuous polymerization reaction are the lack of axial mixing and the expression of a plug flow. As a result, a wide reaction zone with the largest possible area for heat dissipation is prevented and there is an uneven temperature distribution in the reactor, which promotes an undesirably broad molecular face distribution.
- the continuous polymerization reactor according to the invention which can be used in particular for the production of synthetic rubbers by polymerization, comprises at least one substantially tubular reactor housing.
- the starting materials for the polymerization, as well as additives, solvents and activator to start the polymerization can be supplied via one or more inlet ports at the top of the reactor.
- further additives, initiator or monomers can be supplied via optional further, distributed over the reactor height inlet nozzle.
- the polymerization solution is discharged at the lower end of the reactor via one or more nozzles.
- the reactor can also be operated with inlet connection at the lower end and outlet connection at the upper end or in a lying position.
- a displacement body is installed, which is arranged substantially along the geometric center axis.
- Both the displacer and the outer wall of the reactor housing can be cooled or heated via a cooling or heating medium.
- one or more cooling elements such as cooling or heating jackets, half-pipe coils or heating or cooling coils are applied to the reactor housing.
- the displacement body is preferably also with one or more cooling elements such as a jacket or corresponding channels for temperature control provided.
- the heating or cooling can be done both on the outside and inside either liquid heating or cooling media or by boiling or condensing media. In the case of boiling cooling media, an arrangement as a vertical reactor with drive at the bottom and a displacer inserted into the reactor from above are preferred because then the vapors of the cooling medium can leave the displacer upwards.
- Possible coolants here are ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, isobutane, ammonia, etc., both for single-phase and multi-phase use, as well as commercially available heat transfer fluids, which are well known to the person skilled in the art.
- Reaction space is the remaining over the reactor height between the reactor housing and displacer annular gap.
- the reactor has a drive which is connected to at least one helically shaped mixing element arranged rotatably within the annular gap.
- two or more helical mixing elements are rotated by a drive, wherein the mixing elements are connected via a central shaft and attached to this shaft disc with the drive and together form the stirrer.
- the helical mixing elements are, for example, arranged so that one, preferably two or more mixing elements run close to the wall or with wall contact on the outer reactor wall and one, preferably two or more mixing elements close to the wall or with wall contact on the inner wall of the displacer.
- At least two, three or four, helical mixing elements are preferably arranged one behind the other in a uniform spacing in the circumferential direction.
- the conveying direction in the axial direction of the inner and outer helical mixing elements may be equal or opposite, with an opposite Conveying direction is preferred because this produces a so-called loop flow and thus a particularly good mixing of the apparatus is achieved in the axial direction.
- this radial mixing can be additionally assisted by the attachment of correspondingly oriented baffles to the support structure of the helical mixing elements or by a corresponding shaping of the support elements themselves.
- the mixing elements are preferably fixedly connected to an annular disc, which runs, for example via corresponding slide bearing on the inside of the reactor housing or on the outside of the cylindrical displacer, and thus a radial bearing for can form the stirrer.
- the distance between the mixing elements to the inside of the reactor housing and / or to the outside of the cylindrical displacement body for example, 0 or more than 0 to 1%, preferably 0 or more than 0 to 0.5% based on Irrespective of the size of the reactor, the distance of the mixing elements to the inside of the reactor housing and to the outside of the cylindrical displacement body can be, for example, 0 to 2 mm.
- the distance of the mixing elements to the inside of the reactor housing and to the outside of the cylindrical displacement body is 0%, ie in the contact between mixing elements and the cooled or heated surfaces, the inside of the reactor housing and the outside of the cylindrical displacement body completely scraped and thus ensures a good heat transfer from the reaction medium via the heat-exchanging surfaces to the cooling medium, since the formation of polymer coatings, also called gels, can be effectively avoided.
- the good heat transfer remains, since the formation of flow boundary layers is prevented at the heat exchanging surfaces and deposits are prevented by the strong shear forces.
- an intensive replacement of the laminar boundary layer on the heat transfer surfaces is promoted by the near-wall or wall-contacting helical mixing elements, which also contributes to the intensification of the heat transfer.
- the helical mixing elements have, for example, a rectangular or, in a special case, square-shaped cross-section, the one side running parallel to the heat-exchanging surfaces of the reactor housing or the cylindrical displacer, the perpendicular surface of the mixing element is thus arranged at right angles to the heat-exchanging surfaces that the axial conveying action of the mixing elements is maximized.
- the width of the mixing elements in the radial direction is, for example, between 10% and 100% of the annular gap width, preferably 10% to 50%, particularly preferably 20% to 40%.
- the positions of the individual helices of the helical mixing elements may be different, in particular the positions of the inner and outer helices of the helical mixing elements may differ.
- a support structure is advantageous between the outer and inner mixing elements, which absorbs the mechanical forces acting on the mixing elements during rotation and minimizes mechanical deformation of the mixing elements.
- stirrer 2 or more are suitable for this preferably 4 or 8 axially arranged tubes, rods or flat profiles over the entire length of the stirrer, which are fixedly connected on the side connected to the drive with the circular disc and on the other side fixed to the annular disc serving as a radial bearing, preferably welded.
- a minimum deformation through the manufacturing process must be ensured in order to keep the tolerances so low that the above-mentioned wall spacings of the helical mixing elements are maintained over the entire reactor length.
- a groove is provided in the side facing the heat-exchanging surface into which a sealing strip made of a material having positive sliding properties on the heat-exchanging surfaces is inserted so that in the case of wall contact no damage to the surfaces and no excessive forces on the stirrer structure occur.
- the material used may be, for example, polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE), glass fiber reinforced PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyether-ether ketone (PEEK), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene (PE) or Metallic alloys with non-eating properties such as Albromet act.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- PEEK polyether-ether ketone
- POM polyoxymethylene
- PE polyethylene
- Metallic alloys with non-eating properties such as Albromet act.
- the one or more helical mixing elements are drivable via the drive, wherein the power transmission can be accomplished by mechanical or magnetic coupling.
- the mechanical seal When using shafts for mechanical transmission, these are preferably sealed by a arranged between the shaft and the reactor housing double-acting mechanical seal, the mechanical seal in particular contains an inert under the polymerization conditions barrier medium.
- the mechanical seal can include an annular chamber space between its two sliding surfaces, which can be filled with the sealing liquid.
- the particular pressurized barrier liquid can lubricate both pairs of sliding rings. This avoids that educts and / or products attach to the sliding surfaces and can cause leaks.
- the penetration of water such as atmospheric moisture from the ambient air, into the interior of the reactor housing can be avoided. A slowing of the polymer reaction within the reactor housing by water ingress and optionally associated catalyst deactivation is thereby avoided.
- a solvent can be used, which is also used in the polymerization reaction.
- the gel is scraped off at a speed v on the inside of a reactor housing and the outside of the displacement body is 0.05 m / s ⁇ v ⁇ 10 m / s, preferably 0.5 m / s ⁇ v ⁇ 6 m / s, particularly preferably lm / s ⁇ v ⁇ 5 m / s and very particularly preferably 1.5 m / s ⁇ v ⁇ 3 m / s.
- the helical mixing element At such speeds and appropriate adjustment of the helical mixing element, a sufficiently large mass transport in the axial direction can be impressed, which leads to a good homogeneous mixing of the flow in the axial direction and improves the heat transfer between the flow and the reactor housing. Due to the complex flow shape between the helical mixing elements on the reactor housing and on the surface of the cylindrical displacement body, in particular in the opposite direction of conveyance, an effective radial mixing is achieved.
- the Abinstitutsfrequenz the heat exchanger surfaces is preferably at 0.2 - 12 s "1 , preferably at 2-10 s " 1 and more preferably at 3-7 s _1 , to effectively prevent the formation of a gel layer. This results in a fixed peripheral speed, the number of distributed over the circumference helical mixing elements.
- the reactor housing, the stirrer and the displacement body can be made of all materials known to those skilled in the art, which have sufficient strength and corrosion resistance under the reaction conditions and retain such as commercial steel.
- austenitic steel is suitable at-100 ° to -30 ° C.
- the reactor housing is made of stainless steel 1.4571 or similar and common in the chemical industry and resistant steels.
- the inside of the reactor housing which comes into contact with the reaction medium, consists of reduced Ti content stainless steel 1.4404 for better polishing properties of the inside surface.
- the heat-transferring surfaces are made of suitable steels with particularly high thermal conductivities in order to obtain the highest possible heat transfer coefficients between the heating or cooling side and the reaction space.
- the heat exchanger has a part of the reactor housing enclosing the outer jacket, preferably between the outer shell and the reactor housing, a spiral-shaped partition wall for forming a spiral heat exchanger channel is arranged.
- a heat exchange medium flows spirally along the reactor housing and, as a result, can exchange correspondingly long heat with the flow within the reactor housing. This allows a particularly large heat flow, which can be exchanged between the flow within the reactor housing and the heat exchange medium.
- Such a configuration of the heat exchanger with a spiral-shaped heat exchanger channel is particularly suitable for single-phase heat exchanger media.
- a phase change such as evaporation and / or condensation did not go through.
- the partition wall is omitted so that the highest possible turbulence can be formed within the heat exchanger by the phase change.
- the inner boundary of the heat exchanger is formed by the reactor housing itself. An additional thermal resistance between the flow within the reactor housing and the heat exchanger is thereby avoided.
- the heat exchange medium may, for example, be conducted in countercurrent to the flow inside the reactor housing through the spiral heat exchanger channel or in the flow direction, for example if a high cooling capacity is required at the beginning of the polymerization, ie upstream.
- the ratio of the sum A of the inner surfaces of the tubular reactor housing AI and the outer surface of the inner displacement body A2 to a volume V of the annular reaction space between the reactor housing and displacer 0, lm 2 / m 3 ⁇ AV ⁇ 100m 2 / m 3 is preferably lm 2 / m 3 ⁇ AV ⁇ 60 m 2 / m 3 , particularly preferred
- the near-wall or wall-contacting helical mixing element which prevents the formation of boundary layers on the inside of the reactor housing, it is possible to provide a comparatively slender tube reactor whose reactor housing relative to the enclosed volume has a comparatively large inner surface, in particular because the displacer also designed coolable is and is also cleaned by near-wall or wall-touching helical mixing elements. Due to the comparatively large inner surface A of the reactor, a correspondingly high heat exchanger performance can be installed. At the same time, a substantially homogeneous Temperature distribution in both the radial and in direction easier to reach. At the same time, the tubular reactor can withstand greater internal pressures without the wall thickness having to be chosen too large.
- a ratio L / D of reactor length L to reactor diameter D between 1 and 15, more preferably between 2 and 8, most preferably between 3 and 6, wherein reactor length to understand the length of the reactor interior and the reactor diameter of the diameter of the reactor interior is.
- the ratio D / d of reactor diameter D and displacer diameter d is preferably 1.1 to 3.0, particularly preferably 1.2 to 2.0 and very particularly preferably 1.3 to 1.6.
- the invention further relates to the use of the tubular reactor described above, which may be formed and refined as described above, for the production of synthetic rubbers by polymerization of polymerizable monomers within the reactor housing.
- synthetic rubbers are understood to mean non-naturally occurring elastomers.
- Preferred synthetic rubbers are butyl rubber, polybutadiene (BR) and poly-styrene-butadiene (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), poly-acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated poly-acrylonitrile-butadiene Rubber (H-NBR), fluororubbers (FKM), polychloroprene (CR) and polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA or EVM), wherein the above-mentioned synthetic rubbers may have, for example, a molecular weight of 5.000 to 5,000,000 g / mol.
- Particularly preferred synthetic rubbers are butyl rubber and polybutadiene (BR), most preferably butyl rubber having a molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol and polybutadiene (BR) having a molecular weight of 5,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol, with butyl rubber with a molecular weight of 300,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol is even more preferred.
- Butyl rubber is a copolymer of isobutene (2-methylpropene) and isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene).
- the proportion of repeating units in the butyl rubber derived from isoprene is for example between> 0% and 5%, preferably between 1.8 and 2.3 mol%.
- the polymerization is typically carried out as a copolymerization of isobutene and isoprene at temperatures from -100 ° C to -30 ° C, preferably -100 ° C and -40 ° C and more preferably -100 ° C to -60 ° C in the presence of a catalyst.
- a solvent for example, for the so-called “slurry process” chloromethane for the so-called “solution process” hydrocarbons such as in particular open-chain or cyclic, branched or unbranched pentanes, hexanes or heptanes or mixtures thereof can be used, the aforementioned pentanes and hexanes or mixtures thereof are preferred.
- aluminum chloride or aluminum alkyl halides such as, for example, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum dichloride or mixtures thereof can be used as catalysts.
- the catalyst or catalysts are activated, for example, with small amounts of protic solvents such as, for example, water, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride or aliphatic alcohols such as methanol and suspended or dissolved in the solvent to be polymerized in the solvent, wherein the solvent is preferably used as the solvent in which the polymerization takes place ,
- the reaction conditions within the tubular reactor can be well-anticipated because of the intensive axial and radial mixing and accordingly easily influenced and controlled.
- the average viscosity of the reactor contents is in the range of a few tens to a few hundred mPas, depending on the desired conversion of the monomers. Viscosities are determined or referenced by capillary viscometry at a temperature of 23 ° C to ISO 1628 unless otherwise specified. Due to the intensive mixing, the reaction proceeds evenly throughout the reaction volume, so that the entire heat transfer surface can be used for heat removal.
- the viscosity in the entire reaction volume remains low due to the intensive mixing, and does not increase, for example, as the reaction progresses with a plug flow, so that the heat transfers achieved remain constantly high over the entire heat transfer surface.
- the removal of deposits or the renewal of the boundary layer on the heat transfer surfaces by the near-wall or wall-contacting helical mixing elements also contribute to this.
- Fig. 1 a schematic side view of a reactor
- Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view of the reactor with liquid cooling
- Fig. 3 a schematic side view of the stirrer with 2 inside
- Liquid cooling Fig. 5 Section view of the displacement body
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of a helical mixing element with resiliently mounted sealing strip
- Fig. 7 a schematic detail view of the spring band for resilient mounting of the sealing tape
- Fig. 8 a schematic sectional view of the reactor for evaporative cooling
- the reactor 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a geometric center axis 3, which is parallel to a direction of gravity 2, that is vertically aligned.
- the reactor 1 has a tubular reactor housing 4 which is closed at the end via flanged end plates 5. Educts can be introduced into the tubular reactor housing 4 via at least one inlet 6. Via an outlet 7, the resulting product can leave the reactor 1. Within the reactor is due to the stirring an approximately ideally mixed reaction solution. By continuously feeding the educts through the inlet 6, reaction solution is continuously displaced out of the reactor housing 4 through the outlet 7. The reactor 1 is thus operated continuously to carry out a continuous polymerization.
- the heat of reaction formed in the polymerization can be removed via a heat exchanger 10 in the reactor housing 4 and via a heat exchanger 13 in the internal displacement body 14.
- the heat exchangers are limited on the side facing away from the reaction space via their outer shells (22 for heat exchanger 10, 23 for heat exchanger 13).
- cooling by high Cooling medium flows limiting the heating of the cooling media along the heat exchanger channels, so that a uniform temperature of the reaction chamber 19 is made possible.
- a stirrer is contained in the reaction space 19, in the exemplary embodiment consisting of 2 helical mixing elements 24, which are arranged close to the wall or in contact with the wall of the reactor housing 4, and 2 helical mixing elements 26 which are arranged close to the wall or touching the outside of the displacement body 14.
- the number of inner and outer helices is determined by the cleaning frequency of the heat exchanger surfaces on the product side 32 and 33. With increasing reactor diameter and constant peripheral speed of the stirring elements on the reactor housing thus increases the number of mixing elements to obtain an approximately constant Abthesesfrequenz of 3-7 s "1 .
- the helical mixing elements 24 and 26 are connected via a circular disk 28 to the drive shaft 30. At the end of the stirrer facing away from the drive shaft, the helical mixing elements 24 and 26 are connected to an annular disk 29, which has a close play with the reactor housing 4 and / or the displacer 14, and thus provides additional centering of the stirrer.
- a support structure consisting of 2 or more support profiles 31, which are connected at the points of contact with the helices 24 and 26 with these firmly (welded). Furthermore, the support profiles 31 with the circular disc 28 and the annular disc 29 are firmly connected (welded).
- the support profiles can consist of rods or tubes or flat profiles.
- the heat exchanger surfaces on the product side are cleaned by means of the wall-contacting or wall-contacting mixing elements, so that no insoluble polymer components (gel) adhere and the heat transfer coefficient on the product side is not impaired. Furthermore, this causes the boundary layer on the heat exchanger surfaces constantly renewed, so that the heat flow from the interior of the reaction space is intensified to the heat exchanger surfaces.
- the outer helices 24 are oriented downwardly in the direction of rotation, conveying the inner helices 26 upwards.
- a loop flow is impressed on the product flow direction from the inlet 6 to the outlet 7, so that within the reaction space 19 there is an approximately ideal mixing and an approximately homogeneous temperature distribution, which leads to a narrow and defined molecular weight distribution in the polymerization reaction.
- the helical mixing element In manufacturing, it is very complicated and costly to manufacture a helical mixing element with such accuracy that the required minimum wall clearances or even wall contact are ensured at all points of the reactor. Therefore, the helical mixing element is made with a larger wall distance and the wall or wall contact is ensured by a spring-mounted sealing strip within a running over the entire helical mixing element groove.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section through a helical mixing element 24 and 26 with a sealing band 36 resiliently mounted via a spring band 35.
- the spring band 35 is inserted into the groove.
- the sealing tape is fitted with play in the groove of the helical mixing element.
- the sealing tapes 36 of the outer helical mixing elements 24 are slightly above before the introduction of the stirrer in the reaction chamber 19 on the reactor housing 4
- the sealing bands 36 of the inner helical mixing elements 26 are slightly above before the introduction of the stirrer in the reaction chamber 19 on the displacement body 14.
- a Wandbembode position of the sealing strips is achieved with any manufacturing tolerances, the sealing tape is at least very close to the wall within the tolerances mentioned above, so that a sufficient Wandabcuri and boundary layer renewal is guaranteed.
- the groove may become clogged with insoluble polymer particles (gel) or other solids, but the sealing tape will remain in place Spring band and reactor housing or fixed between the spring band and displacer with a sufficiently small distance from the wall, only the function of the spring band is impaired, but this is no longer needed after the introduction of the stirrer during operation.
- Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the spring band 35.
- the spring force can here be influenced by the type of material, the material thickness and the issue of the spring arms and easily adjusted.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the displacement body 14 for evaporative cooling with an evaporating cooling medium, such as, for example, ethylene, propane or ammonia.
- an evaporating cooling medium such as, for example, ethylene, propane or ammonia.
- a larger outlet connection for the 2-phase outlet mixture is recommended.
- Fig. 8 shows a schematic sectional view of a reactor with Siedekühlung. It is advisable to arrange the drive shaft 30 at the lower end of the reactor, and to arrange inlets 11 and outlets 12 for the heat exchanger medium in the displacer at the upper end of the reactor in order to ensure escape of the 2-phase cooling medium from the coolant space.
- a solution of the initiator (ethylaluminum dichloride, EADC) was additionally metered in such an amount that the amount of polymer in the total solution at the reactor outlet was between 10 and 15% by weight.
- the initiator was dissolved in the same solvent as the monomers.
- the polymerization takes place under cryogenic conditions, i. the educt solution and the solution containing the initiator were cooled to an inlet temperature of -80 to -60 ° C prior to entering the reactor, as well as the reactor was maintained via a liquid cooling on the shell side at a constant reaction temperature of -65 ° C. Cooling of the internal displacement body was not required on this scale due to the high surface area to volume ratio of housing wall to reaction space.
- the peripheral speed of the outer helical mixing elements was about 0.5 m / s.
- butyl rubber copolymer of isobutene and isoprene having a narrow molecular weight distribution with a molecular weight of 420-480 kg / mol and a polydispersity of 2.3 to 2.6 is reproducibly obtained.
- Run times of the reactor ranged from 5-10 days without reduction in heat transfer properties before removal of the insoluble polymer portion was required, particularly from the effluent lines and portions of the stirrer leading to pressure rise in the reactor and reduction of the reaction space ie lead to a reduction of the residence time.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17180921 | 2017-07-12 | ||
PCT/EP2018/068387 WO2019011811A1 (de) | 2017-07-12 | 2018-07-06 | Reaktor und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen polymerisation |
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EP3651895A1 true EP3651895A1 (de) | 2020-05-20 |
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EP18742425.4A Withdrawn EP3651895A1 (de) | 2017-07-12 | 2018-07-06 | Reaktor und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen polymerisation |
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US (1) | US11291973B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3651895A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7177134B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102612251B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111032210B (de) |
CA (1) | CA3069371A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2761057C2 (de) |
SG (1) | SG11202000251SA (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019011811A1 (de) |
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CN112062950B (zh) * | 2020-03-28 | 2021-06-29 | 成都肆零壹科技有限公司 | 一种连续化尼龙聚合工艺 |
CN111841478A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-10-30 | 吴志学 | 一种新型管式防结焦热聚设备 |
WO2022055224A1 (ko) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 반응기 |
CN113522203A (zh) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-22 | 杭州师范大学钱江学院 | 一种反应釜用密封装置 |
CN113893811A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-07 | 吴志学 | 利用新型热聚推送器生产中间相c阶树脂高碳材料的方法 |
CN114577034A (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-03 | 重庆阁睿斯工程科技有限公司 | 螺旋结构混合反应器 |
EP4424414A1 (de) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-09-04 | Borealis AG | Schnellmischpolymerisierungsreaktor und -verfahren |
CN117266954B (zh) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-06-07 | 北京博睿鼎能动力科技有限公司 | 液态二氧化碳储能系统 |
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DE1183888B (de) | 1960-05-10 | 1964-12-23 | Crawford And Russell Inc | Reaktionsgefaess |
US3440019A (en) | 1965-06-01 | 1969-04-22 | Vickers Zimmer Ag | Polycondensation reactor |
FR96401E (fr) | 1966-08-27 | 1972-06-30 | Shionogi & Co | Réacteur a circulation de fluide pour traitement chimique. |
US3476522A (en) * | 1966-11-16 | 1969-11-04 | Crawford & Russell Inc | High viscosity reactors |
DE1948783C3 (de) * | 1968-10-08 | 1974-07-25 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd. | Reaktor für hochviskoses Material |
FR2218350B1 (de) | 1973-02-16 | 1976-05-14 | Rhone Progil | |
US4282925A (en) | 1980-03-26 | 1981-08-11 | Franrica Mfg. Inc. | Scraped surface heat exchanger |
JPS57101A (en) | 1980-06-04 | 1982-01-05 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Method and apparatus for polymerization |
JPS57125202A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Device for continuous bulk polymerization |
DE3136589A1 (de) * | 1981-09-15 | 1983-03-31 | Bayer Ag | Temperierbarer statischer mischer und reaktor |
DE3531355A1 (de) * | 1985-09-03 | 1987-03-12 | Hoechst Ag | Technetium-99m-generator, seine herstellung und verwendung |
JPH0248026A (ja) * | 1988-08-10 | 1990-02-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 撹拌装置 |
KR0140525B1 (ko) * | 1989-02-03 | 1998-06-01 | 미다 가쓰시게 | 고점성물질의 제조장치 및 제조방법 |
JPH02203926A (ja) * | 1989-02-03 | 1990-08-13 | Hitachi Ltd | 立形攪拌機 |
JPH09206578A (ja) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 攪拌混合装置 |
DE102008000432A1 (de) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-03 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Rührkesselreaktor sowie Verfahren zur Durchführung einer Polymerisationsreaktion unter Verwendung eines solchen Rührkesselreaktors |
CN101591433B (zh) * | 2008-05-29 | 2013-05-01 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 聚酰胺的制造方法 |
EP2269727A1 (de) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-05 | LANXESS International SA | Rohrreaktor und Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Polymerisation |
CN201848215U (zh) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-06-01 | 浙江长城减速机有限公司 | 釜用复合搅拌装置 |
EP2465604A1 (de) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-06-20 | Stamicarbon B.V. acting under the name of MT Innovation Center | Batch-Reaktor für eine Polymerisationsreaktion |
JP2013075969A (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-25 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | スチレン系重合体の製造方法及び撹拌装置 |
CN204320308U (zh) | 2014-10-24 | 2015-05-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 釜式组合搅拌反应器 |
CN104437311B (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-04-20 | 宁波远欧精细化工有限公司 | 一种防止磨损的反应釜 |
CN205182733U (zh) * | 2015-09-22 | 2016-04-27 | 衢州峥嵘环保科技有限公司 | 一种卧式聚合釜 |
-
2018
- 2018-07-06 JP JP2020501249A patent/JP7177134B2/ja active Active
- 2018-07-06 EP EP18742425.4A patent/EP3651895A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-07-06 WO PCT/EP2018/068387 patent/WO2019011811A1/de unknown
- 2018-07-06 SG SG11202000251SA patent/SG11202000251SA/en unknown
- 2018-07-06 CA CA3069371A patent/CA3069371A1/en active Pending
- 2018-07-06 RU RU2020106325A patent/RU2761057C2/ru active
- 2018-07-06 CN CN201880056688.1A patent/CN111032210B/zh active Active
- 2018-07-06 US US16/629,611 patent/US11291973B2/en active Active
- 2018-07-06 KR KR1020207004092A patent/KR102612251B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CA3069371A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
CN111032210A (zh) | 2020-04-17 |
SG11202000251SA (en) | 2020-02-27 |
KR20200029003A (ko) | 2020-03-17 |
JP7177134B2 (ja) | 2022-11-22 |
WO2019011811A1 (de) | 2019-01-17 |
CN111032210B (zh) | 2022-11-22 |
JP2020526644A (ja) | 2020-08-31 |
RU2020106325A3 (de) | 2021-08-12 |
RU2761057C2 (ru) | 2021-12-02 |
US11291973B2 (en) | 2022-04-05 |
KR102612251B1 (ko) | 2023-12-08 |
US20210008519A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
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