EP3631313A1 - Luftheizgerät für ein fahrzeug - Google Patents

Luftheizgerät für ein fahrzeug

Info

Publication number
EP3631313A1
EP3631313A1 EP18727168.9A EP18727168A EP3631313A1 EP 3631313 A1 EP3631313 A1 EP 3631313A1 EP 18727168 A EP18727168 A EP 18727168A EP 3631313 A1 EP3631313 A1 EP 3631313A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon
air heater
coating
heater according
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18727168.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Zoske
Volodymyr Ilchenko
Uwe Strecker
Bengt Meier
Nikolaus Gerhardt
Michael Schwanecke
Manfred Gruber
Christian KUSSMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP3631313A1 publication Critical patent/EP3631313A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
    • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an air heater, in particular for a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle.
  • Electric air heaters are usually based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strong temperature-dependent electrical resistance, through which a self-regulation of the heat release is possible.
  • These resistors are typically PTC ceramic elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually connected to heat exchanger surfaces made of aluminum sheet and are also contacted electrically.
  • a PTC element comprises a PTC resistor, ie a
  • Temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient which conducts the electric current better at low temperatures than at high temperatures.
  • Heat exchanger manufacturing and installation of the ceramic elements a usually necessary sorting of the ceramic elements due to manufacturing tolerances, a comparatively unfavorable power density in a heating element heat exchanger composite by a local heat generation, a comparatively strong limitation of a maximum heating power through a thickness of PTC material (due to a limited heat dissipation from the ceramic) and a comparatively high risk of short circuit, in particular due to a small geometric distance of components with a high voltage difference.
  • a high power density should be made possible with a comparatively small installation space. It continues Object of the invention, a corresponding method for operating a
  • Air heater and to propose a method for its production.
  • an electric air heater preferably for a vehicle, more preferably motor vehicle, even more preferably passenger or truck, comprising at least a first of the air to be heated umströmbares heating element, wherein the first heating element, preferably electrically insulating substrate and at least one electrically conductive, carbon-containing coating, in particular polymer coating (as heating conductor), having.
  • a core idea of the invention lies in the use of basically
  • the substrate serves in particular as a heat exchanger.
  • the carbonaceous coating is designed to be a (strong) positive
  • the substrate cost and possibly in one piece, by an injection molding process, for.
  • Example of temperature-resistant plastic such as polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and / or optionally (short) fiber-reinforced polyamide (eg., PA-GF) are produced.
  • An additional protection mechanism may possibly be against overheating by local foaming of the substrate (substrate) in an uncontrolled temperature rise and a consequent mechanical destruction or interruption of the conductive coating.
  • a contacting of the carbon-containing (conductive) coating can be effected, for example, over (bent) copper sheets which are in contact with the respective coating.
  • the (possibly entire) component air heater
  • the (possibly entire) component air heater
  • the first heating element can be flowed around by the air to be heated, which means in particular that the heating element forms a fluid channel (through which the air to be heated can flow) at least in sections.
  • the electric air heater includes one or more
  • Fluid channels for passing the air to be heated may, for example, have a polygonal, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular cross-section (perpendicular to a flow direction).
  • one or more fluid channels may be present with an (at least substantially) round, in particular circular cross-section.
  • the carbonaceous coating can be applied by applying a corresponding carbon heating paste.
  • this heating paste as proposed in Table I on page 11 of DE 689 23 455 T2.
  • the carbonaceous coating may be applied (printed) to the substrate by a coating and / or printing process.
  • a curing step may be carried out at elevated temperature (eg, above 120 ° C) in an oven.
  • elevated temperature eg, above 120 ° C
  • a screen printing or doctoring can be used.
  • the carbon in the carbonaceous coating may, for example, be in the form of carbon black or in the form of graphite. In general, the carbonaceous coating or a to
  • Forming the carbonaceous coating used paste, as described in DE 689 23 455 T2 be formed.
  • the substrate can be used simultaneously as a heat exchanger surface for heating the passing air.
  • this surface can still be increased by unevenness, in particular projections, such as ribs and / or fins on the substrate.
  • a cost-manufacturable air heater is proposed by a comparatively simple manufacturability and the possibility of using inexpensive materials. Due to a high, actively heated surface, a high power density can be achieved when space is available. This can be a comparable security, as with conventional
  • Ceramic PTC heaters by an optionally self-regulating heating coating done.
  • melting of the material can be an additional step
  • Safety effect can be achieved. Due to a possibly present low voltage potential of adjacent components, there is no or a relatively low risk of short circuit.
  • At least one second heating element is provided, wherein the second heating element comprises a second substrate and at least one electrically second electrically conductive (carbon-containing) coating, in particular
  • Polymer coating (as heating conductor) has. Between the two
  • Heating elements is preferably formed a gap through which air can be flowed to its heating.
  • the substrate or the substrates can / at least partially, preferably be made entirely of plastic, in particular a polymer such as, for example, polyether ketone and / or polyamide. Particularly preferred is a production of such as polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and / or (short) fiber-reinforced polyamide (eg PA-GF).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PA-GF fiber-reinforced polyamide
  • the substrate may be made of an electrically insulating material.
  • An electrically insulating material is in particular a material to be understood, having at room temperature (25 ° C), an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 irr 1 (possibly less than 10" 8 S 1 m "1). Accordingly, is an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) to be understood with electrical conductivity, a material that is an electrical
  • the substrate may be made of a material that is at a temperature of below
  • the carbonaceous coating (s) may be contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a (particularly bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strips and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
  • a metal structure preferably a (particularly bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strips and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
  • the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding
  • Electrodes On the substrate and / or the polymer coating,
  • the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding
  • Electrodes On the substrate and / or the polymer coating,
  • the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding
  • Electrodes z. B. on the substrate and / or the polymer coating may be applied by coating.
  • the carbon-containing polymer coating or the carbon-containing polymer coatings and / or a corresponding paste for their preparation can (as in particular crystalline
  • Binder comprise at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least an olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. As ethylene / acrylic acid and / or ethylene / ethyl acrylate and / or
  • polyacetylene or polyalkenylene such as.
  • polyoctenamer polyoctenamer
  • fluoropolymer such as.
  • polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof As polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof.
  • Polymer coatings are preferably printed on the (respective) substrate (eg by screen printing) or knife-coated.
  • the carbonaceous coating (s) may comprise a continuous area (without
  • Interruptions or be structured, for example, have gaps (openings) or recesses.
  • Carbonaceous coatings may be present in particulate form, in particular as soot particles.
  • the carbon may alternatively or additionally be present as a carbon skeleton (skeleton).
  • the carbon may be in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbonaceous coating comprises at least
  • First and / or second heating element may extend (at least substantially) along an air flow direction and / or extend at an angle relative to the air flow direction, for example at an angle less than or equal to 90 ° and greater than 0 °, in particular greater than 10 °.
  • comparatively narrow heating elements When extending at an angle (greater than 0 °) relative to the direction of air flow, comparatively narrow heating elements can be used (ie heating elements whose width is comparatively small compared to their length, for example less than 0.2 times or less than 0.1 times) ).
  • the width of the respective heating element may extend in the flow direction.
  • At least one of the heating elements (preferably several or all of the heating elements) is (are) preferably shorter in the flow direction than in a direction perpendicular thereto, e.g. B. shorter by 50%.
  • a floor plan of the respective heating element may be polygonal, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular.
  • At least one intermediate space can be limited by (exactly) two or more heating elements.
  • a cross section of the intermediate space may be polygonal, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular.
  • a cross section within a gap (air passage) may vary or be constant (over its length). Also cross sections of different
  • Gaps or air passages may differ or be the same.
  • cross-sections of the intermediate spaces or air ducts may be slit-shaped (in particular as rectangular slits).
  • the respective carbonaceous coating (at least one of the heating elements, preferably several or all of the heating elements) may (at least in the
  • the (respective) carbonaceous coating is preferably a conductive layer having PTC behavior.
  • the air heater is preferably for low-voltage operation (eg.
  • the air heater may be designed for operation with DC and / or AC voltage and / or PWM.
  • the substrate or the substrates may be formed as a plate, in particular a plastic plate, and / or have a thickness of at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 1.0 mm and / or at most 5.0 mm, more preferably at most 3.0 mm.
  • the respective thickness is an average thickness or a thickness of the largest area of constant thickness.
  • a (layer) thickness of the respective carbonaceous coating can be any suitable carbonaceous coating.
  • ⁇ 1 mm preferably ⁇ 0.5 mm, even more preferably ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • the first and / or second carbon-containing coating and / or the substrate (or the substrates) may be at least substantially planar. If protrusions (depressions) are provided, they may amount to less than 10% of an (average) thickness of the respective coating or the respective substrate.
  • a sum of the cross sections of fluid channels may be at least 2 times, preferably at least 4 times, as large as a sum of the cross sections of the heating elements
  • the carbon content in the carbonaceous coating of at least one heating element can be so be formed such that it allows a flow of current (eg., In particle form), wherein the particles are correspondingly touching or close to each other.
  • heating elements there may be at least 3, preferably at least 5 heating elements (possibly with corresponding spaces) may be provided.
  • a diameter of the gap between the first and second heating elements may be greater than a thickness of the first and / or second
  • the (respective) carbonaceous coating is in contact with the substrate (s) over at least 20%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 80%, of a surface of the substrate facing the carbonaceous coating. This can effectively transfer the substrate (which then serves as another heat exchanger).
  • the first and / or second carbon-containing coating is printed on the first or second substrate, in particular by screen printing, and / or scrape and / or sprayed on and / or applied by dipping.
  • First and / or second substrate may preferably be injection-molded.
  • a curing of the (respective) carbonaceous coating can be carried out in an oven (at elevated temperature).
  • a contacting metal structure (or corresponding electrodes) may, for. B. on the substrate and / or the
  • Polymer coating printed and / or vapor-deposited and / or applied by coating.
  • an air heater of the type described above for heating air in a vehicle, in particular in a motor vehicle, preferably for a
  • a carbon-containing coating for heating air in a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, preferably for a
  • the carbonaceous coating is in particular, as explained above, formed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic frontal view of an electric air heater according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in a sectional illustration
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of an electric air heater according to the invention in a sectional view analogous to FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 1 shows a frontal view of an air heater according to the invention.
  • Each of the heating elements 9 has a conductive carbon-containing layer 10 and a plastic substrate 11.
  • the respective carbonaceous layer 10 is above sheets 12 (concretely: bent sheets, preferably
  • a further intermediate space 16a may possibly be provided outside of a (peripheral) heating element (in FIG. 1, the lowermost heating element). This further intermediate space 16a can then, for example, on the other side by a wall (eg.
  • Housing wall be limited.
  • Embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that the heating elements do not extend along the direction of air flow (see FIG. 2), but perpendicularly thereto, so that only one heating element 9 can be seen in the illustration according to FIG. 3, since the remaining heating elements are characterized by this Heating element to be covered. Again, for example, there may be several (eg eleven) heating elements again. The spaces are also hidden by the heating element 9.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
EP18727168.9A 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Luftheizgerät für ein fahrzeug Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017111378 2017-05-24
DE102017111373 2017-05-24
DE102017115148 2017-07-06
DE102017121040.7A DE102017121040A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Luftheizgerät für ein Fahrzeug
PCT/EP2018/061813 WO2018215198A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Luftheizgerät für ein fahrzeug

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3631313A1 true EP3631313A1 (de) 2020-04-08

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EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Luftheizgerät für ein fahrzeug
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Luftheizgerät
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Elektrisches heizgerät, verfahren zur herstellung und zum betreiben sowie verwendung eines solchen heizgeräts
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizleiter sowie heizgerät
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Flüssigkeitsheizgerät, insbesondere wasserheizgerät
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizgerät sowie verfahren zur herstellung, verfahren zum betreiben und verwendung eines solchen
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Elektrisches flüssigkeitsheizgerät und verwendung eines solchen sowie eines heizleiters
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizgerät und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Elektrisches heizgerät
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Fluidheizgerät und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen

Family Applications After (9)

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EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Luftheizgerät
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Elektrisches heizgerät, verfahren zur herstellung und zum betreiben sowie verwendung eines solchen heizgeräts
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizleiter sowie heizgerät
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Flüssigkeitsheizgerät, insbesondere wasserheizgerät
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizgerät sowie verfahren zur herstellung, verfahren zum betreiben und verwendung eines solchen
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Elektrisches flüssigkeitsheizgerät und verwendung eines solchen sowie eines heizleiters
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizgerät und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Elektrisches heizgerät
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Fluidheizgerät und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen

Country Status (7)

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US (9) US20200224926A1 (ko)
EP (10) EP3631313A1 (ko)
JP (4) JP2020521291A (ko)
KR (3) KR20190139282A (ko)
CN (9) CN110678702A (ko)
DE (10) DE102017121062A1 (ko)
WO (12) WO2018215196A1 (ko)

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