EP3502582A1 - Verfahren zur steuerung einer hlk-vorrichtung, steuereinheit und verwendung der steuereinheit - Google Patents

Verfahren zur steuerung einer hlk-vorrichtung, steuereinheit und verwendung der steuereinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3502582A1
EP3502582A1 EP17210238.6A EP17210238A EP3502582A1 EP 3502582 A1 EP3502582 A1 EP 3502582A1 EP 17210238 A EP17210238 A EP 17210238A EP 3502582 A1 EP3502582 A1 EP 3502582A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
user
sensor
temperature
air
specific parameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17210238.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3502582B1 (de
Inventor
Yoshitaka Uno
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Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands
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Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain, Mitsubishi Electric Corp, Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Netherlands filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric R&D Centre Europe BV Great Britain
Priority to EP17210238.6A priority Critical patent/EP3502582B1/de
Priority to JP2018241649A priority patent/JP7224173B2/ja
Publication of EP3502582A1 publication Critical patent/EP3502582A1/de
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Publication of EP3502582B1 publication Critical patent/EP3502582B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a heating- or cooling- and/or ventilation- and/or air-conditioning (HVAC)-apparatus, a corresponding control unit and possible uses of the control unit.
  • the method for controlling the HVAC-apparatus is based on a control loop.
  • the control loop starts off with calculating a quantity indicative of a thermal sensation of a user from at least one user-specific parameter and data from at least one sensor. Afterwards a deviation of this quantity from a value indicative of a target thermal sensation is computed.
  • the control loop outputs a control variable correlating with this deviation to the heating- or cooling- and/or ventilation- and/or air-conditioning-apparatus.
  • the control loop utilizes at least a body fat ratio of a user as the at least one user-specific parameter and a room air temperature as data from the at least one sensor.
  • HVAC-systems are mounted in buildings and indoor spaces in order to create a thermally comfortable environment.
  • thermal comfort is defined as a condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment.
  • this condition is difficult to reach since it is influenced by many parameters.
  • US 2015/0045981 A1 for instance describes a control system for an air conditioning apparatus in which thermal comfort is identified with a Predicted Mean Value (PMV) of 0.
  • PMV Predicted Mean Value
  • the PMV in this system is computed according to the formula in ISO 7730 which includes atmospheric temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, clothing amount and metabolic amount. Among these parameters the metabolic amount is determined to be a measured quantity. Therefore a metabolic amount measurement device, such as a pedometer, is provided recording every step or movement of the user.
  • US 2016/0363340 A1 Another approach to determine the thermal comfort of a user or occupant is known from US 2016/0363340 A1 .
  • This air conditioner control system operates with a metabolic amount which has been adjusted based on specific weight, height and age of a user. This may help some users to feel thermally more comfortable.
  • the adjusted metabolic amount is not appropriate and the HVAC-system causes under- or overheating/cooling. This does not only lead to a feeling of discomfort for the user. It also causes an increased energy consumption for the domestic technology in the cases of overheating and overcooling.
  • the object of the current invention to provide an improved control unit and corresponding control method for a HVAC-system: On the one hand side the extent to which the user has to cooperate in this control method should be minimized. On the other hand side the control method should be able to regulate the indoor room temperature to a thermal comfort temperature of a user.
  • control unit according to claim 1, its use according to claim 15 and the method according to claim 8.
  • the inventive control unit for a heating- or cooling- and/or ventilation- and/or air-conditioning-apparatus comprises a user interface via which at least one user-specific parameter can be entered and a generation unit which is configured to
  • the consideration of the body fat ratio of a user aims at making persons with a body shape that deviates from the average body shape feel thermally comfortable.
  • the need for a special control unit arises from the fact, that two persons with the same body weight may have quite different thermal sensations and different comfort temperatures due to a different physique.
  • a very athletic person with a low body fat ratio is likely to have a higher metabolic amount and will feel comfortable at lower room temperatures whereas an unathletic person with a high body fat ratio will feel more comfortable at higher room temperatures.
  • the body fat ratio of a person is a rather constant parameter it is sufficient if the user inputs it once during initialization of the HVAC-apparatus. An update may be necessary, but only if the body fat ratio of the user has changed by more than 0.5 %, preferably by more than 1.0 %.
  • the user interface preferably allows a user to input user-specific parameters in the form of number.
  • the user interface may be a touch user interface or a voice user interface.
  • the touch user interface preferably includes a touch sensitive surface which can be mounted at a wall at eye level.
  • the voice user interface preferably comprises a microphone.
  • the generation unit of the control unit can be a computational unit or a computer.
  • the computational unit or the computer preferably comprises a timer, at least one input unit, at least one calculation unit and at least one output unit.
  • the calculation unit is configured to calculate a quantity indicative of a thermal sensation of a user.
  • the target thermal sensation is a neutral thermal sensation.
  • a neutral thermal sensation is reached in a situation in which the heat which is produced by the metabolism of the user is equal to the amount of heat lost from the body due to the temperature difference between the skin temperature and the temperature in the surrounding environment.
  • the at least one user-specific parameter further includes a height, a weight, an activity level, an age, a clothing rate and/or a gender of a user.
  • the clothing rate can adopt different values depending on the textiles that a user is wearing and the insulation properties of these textiles. Usually the clothing rate strongly correlates with the outdoor temperature and the season.
  • the activity level may be considered in order to distinguish between inside spaces in which persons are doing practical work and inside spaces in which persons sit rather motionless at a desk in front of a computer.
  • the gender may also be a good indicator for the estimation of the thermal comfort temperature since women are said to have a more sensitive cooling feeling than men - they freeze faster and more violently, particularly at the extremities.
  • the at least one sensor further includes a sensor selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor for ambient air, a sensor for measuring a temperature gradient, a temperature sensor for outdoor air, a sensor for relative humidity, a sensor for air velocity, a temperature sensor for radiant room temperature, a sensor for the status of a door or a window, a sensor for the number of users present in the room and combinations thereof, more preferably a thermocouple, a thermistor, a capacitive hygrometer, a resistive hygrometer, an infrared thermometer, a black-globe thermometer and/or a hot-wire anemometer.
  • a sensor selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor for ambient air, a sensor for measuring a temperature gradient, a temperature sensor for outdoor air, a sensor for relative humidity, a sensor for air velocity, a temperature sensor for radiant room temperature, a sensor for the status of a door or a window, a sensor for the number of users present in the room and combinations thereof
  • the senor for measuring a temperature gradient is mounted indoor and is configured to measure a vertical temperature gradient (for example a gradient due to the rise of hot air) or a horizontal temperature gradient (due to airing or imperfect isolation in combination with the specific convection phenomena in the room).
  • a vertical temperature gradient for example a gradient due to the rise of hot air
  • a horizontal temperature gradient due to airing or imperfect isolation in combination with the specific convection phenomena in the room.
  • the temperature sensor for room air, the sensor for relative humidity, the temperature sensor for radiant room temperature and the sensor for air velocity are preferably arranged inside a room.
  • the temperature sensor for outdoor air is preferably located outdoor.
  • the at least one sensor may be coupled with the generation unit of the control unit via electric wires.
  • the at least one sensor may also communicate with the generation unit wirelessly.
  • a wireless communication is especially preferred for sensors that are mounted in outside spaces or at a great distance from the core generation unit of the control device.
  • the above mentioned set of formulae provides the most accurate computation of the thermal comfort temperature. It takes into account all environmental parameters that exert an influence on thermal sensation. Additionally, the computation can be personalized in two modes. In a standard mode the computation only requires a body fat ratio, a weight and a height of a user. In an advanced mode the computation requires a body fat ratio, an age, a gender, a weight and a height of a user.
  • the activity level AL may be an average activity level and take values between 0.8 and 1.2. For residential buildings the average activity level may rather tend to lower values such as 0.8 whereas for office buildings the average activity level may be higher and have values up to 1.2.
  • the preferred target thermal sensation is a rather neutral PMV between -0.2 and 0.2, more preferably between -0.1 and 0.1, in particular a neutral PMV of 0.0.
  • control unit further comprises a memory unit, preferably a memory unit which is configured to store the at least one user-specific parameter, at least one preset value, a history of the control variables, a history of the data from the at least one sensor and/or average values of the data from the at least one sensor, wherein the at least one preset value is particularly selected from the group consisting of coefficients, e.g. coefficients for the calculation of a basal metabolic rate from the at least one user-specific parameter, a standard winter outdoor temperature, a standard winter clothing rate, a standard summer outdoor temperature, a standard summer clothing rate, an average activity level and combinations thereof.
  • coefficients e.g. coefficients for the calculation of a basal metabolic rate from the at least one user-specific parameter, a standard winter outdoor temperature, a standard winter clothing rate, a standard summer outdoor temperature, a standard summer clothing rate, an average activity level and combinations thereof.
  • the generation unit comprises a control loop feedback unit, preferably a PID controller unit, more preferably a PID-controller unit with K d corresponding to 0 (PI-controller), particularly a PI-controller with the constants K p and K i both being adapted to the characteristics of a room or building where the heating- or cooling- and/or ventilation- and/or air-conditioning-apparatus is mounted.
  • a control loop feedback unit preferably a PID controller unit, more preferably a PID-controller unit with K d corresponding to 0 (PI-controller), particularly a PI-controller with the constants K p and K i both being adapted to the characteristics of a room or building where the heating- or cooling- and/or ventilation- and/or air-conditioning-apparatus is mounted.
  • the control unit can be mounted in the same housing with the HVAC-apparatus.
  • the user interface may be mounted at a place where users can easily input the user-specific data users.
  • a control loop is performed as long as the operation state of the apparatus is "ON" and the control loop comprises the following steps:
  • the quantity indicative of the thermal sensation of a user is preferably further based on preset values, more preferably preset values which are stored in a memory unit.
  • the calculation of a quantity indicative of the thermal sensation of a user includes a calculation of a basal metabolism ( BM ) , a body surface area ( BSA ) and a basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) , these calculations being preferably dependent on the at least one user-specific parameter, wherein the at least one user-specific parameter more preferably further includes a weight, height, gender and/or age of a user.
  • BM basal metabolism
  • BSA body surface area
  • BMR basal metabolic rate
  • the quantity indicative of the thermal sensation of a user is a PMV computed according to formulae (1)-(12).
  • the control loop can further comprises a calculation of the clothing rate clo, preferably based on a linear regression between a standard winter clothing rate at a specified low temperature and a standard summer clothing rate at a specified high temperature, wherein the linear regression is in particular carried out based on a current outdoor temperature.
  • the user may determine the operation state of the apparatus. He may activate or inactivate the control method via the user interface. The user may in particular be able to switch the operation state between "ON” and "OFF".
  • Switching the operation state of the apparatus to "OFF" is worth considering when users leave the room for a longer period of time.
  • users need to define a target room air temperature so that the control unit controls the HVAC-system in order to keep this target room air temperature.
  • the user interface may allow the user to enter the at least one user-specific parameter.
  • the user can delete and/or reset the at least one user-specific parameter and/or values stored in a memory to factory settings via a user interface.
  • the control unit according to the invention is intended to be used for a heating- or cooling- and/or ventilation- and/or air-conditioning-apparatus in a room of a public place or an office building in order to adjust the room air temperature to a comfort temperature of a user which is present in the respective rooms.
  • the selection of a clothing rate value by linear regression can be illustrated by the graph shown in fig. 1 .
  • the clothing rate is calculated based on the measured outdoor temperature. If the outdoor temperature is lower than the standard winter outdoor temperature, the clothing rate is same as the standard winter clothing rate. If the outdoor temperature is higher than the standard summer outdoor temperature, the clothing rate is same as the standard summer clothing rate. However, if the outdoor temperature is higher than the standard winter outdoor temperature and is lower than the standard summer outdoor temperature, the clothing rate is calculated based on a linear regression between the standard summer clothing rate and the standard winter clothing rate.
  • the standard winter outdoor temperature T winter may be 0° C and the standard summer outdoor temperature T summer may be 30° C.
  • the standard winter clothing rate clo winter may be 1.0 and the standard summer clothing rate clo summer may be 0.6. However, these values may be changed depending on the climate in the region where the HVAC-apparatus is installed.
  • control loop which is depicted in fig. 2 the operation status of the HVAC apparatus is read at each time interval. If the operation status of the HVAC is "ON" the control loop continues with calculating the deviation of the current temperature from the thermally neutral temperature in a first step. Therefore it uses measured data and pre-set data. Based on the computed deviation a control variable is output to the HVAC apparatus in the next step order to adjust the room air temperature. Both steps are performed over and over again until the operation status of the HVAC-apparatus has changed to "OFF".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP17210238.6A 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Verfahren zur steuerung einer hlk-vorrichtung, steuereinheit und verwendung der steuereinheit Active EP3502582B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17210238.6A EP3502582B1 (de) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Verfahren zur steuerung einer hlk-vorrichtung, steuereinheit und verwendung der steuereinheit
JP2018241649A JP7224173B2 (ja) 2017-12-22 2018-12-25 Ｈｖａｃ装置を制御する方法および制御ユニット

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EP17210238.6A EP3502582B1 (de) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Verfahren zur steuerung einer hlk-vorrichtung, steuereinheit und verwendung der steuereinheit

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EP3502582A1 true EP3502582A1 (de) 2019-06-26
EP3502582B1 EP3502582B1 (de) 2023-05-10

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112268352A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-26 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调的调节方法及装置、电子设备、计算机存储介质
CN114110967A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-01 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调的控制方法、装置、电子设备及计算机存储介质
CN115031367A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-09 海信（广东）空调有限公司 空调器及其控制方法
CN115046292A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-13 海信（广东）空调有限公司 空调器及其控制方法
CN115373441A (zh) * 2022-07-29 2022-11-22 西安建筑科技大学 一种智能变频控温的自发热防寒衣热舒适控制方法及系统

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US20150045981A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-02-12 Panasonic Corporation Apparatus control device, apparatus control system, and program
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US20160363340A1 (en) 2015-06-10 2016-12-15 Panasonic Corporation Air conditioner, sensor system, and thermal sensation estimation method

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JP2007285579A (ja) 2006-04-14 2007-11-01 Toshiba Corp 空調制御装置
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JP2002119497A (ja) * 2001-08-06 2002-04-23 Ya Man Ltd カロリー計算機
JP2008209077A (ja) * 2007-02-27 2008-09-11 Tokyo Institute Of Technology 空気調和装置及び空気調和方法
JP2011226720A (ja) * 2010-04-21 2011-11-10 Sharp Corp エコ健康装置
US20150045981A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2015-02-12 Panasonic Corporation Apparatus control device, apparatus control system, and program
US20160363340A1 (en) 2015-06-10 2016-12-15 Panasonic Corporation Air conditioner, sensor system, and thermal sensation estimation method
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114110967A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-01 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调的控制方法、装置、电子设备及计算机存储介质
CN114110967B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2023-04-14 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调的控制方法、装置、电子设备及计算机存储介质
CN112268352A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-26 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 空调的调节方法及装置、电子设备、计算机存储介质
CN115031367A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-09 海信（广东）空调有限公司 空调器及其控制方法
CN115046292A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-09-13 海信（广东）空调有限公司 空调器及其控制方法
CN115031367B (zh) * 2022-06-29 2023-10-13 海信（广东）空调有限公司 空调器及其控制方法
CN115046292B (zh) * 2022-06-29 2023-10-17 海信（广东）空调有限公司 空调器及其控制方法
CN115373441A (zh) * 2022-07-29 2022-11-22 西安建筑科技大学 一种智能变频控温的自发热防寒衣热舒适控制方法及系统
CN115373441B (zh) * 2022-07-29 2023-08-18 西安建筑科技大学 一种智能变频控温的自发热防寒衣热舒适控制方法及系统

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EP3502582B1 (de) 2023-05-10
JP2019113303A (ja) 2019-07-11
JP7224173B2 (ja) 2023-02-17

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