EP3469110A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ga-rückgewinnung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ga-rückgewinnungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3469110A1 EP3469110A1 EP17731117.2A EP17731117A EP3469110A1 EP 3469110 A1 EP3469110 A1 EP 3469110A1 EP 17731117 A EP17731117 A EP 17731117A EP 3469110 A1 EP3469110 A1 EP 3469110A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- dialysis
- gallium
- concentration
- species
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- -1 halide ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940000488 arsenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorogallium Chemical compound [Ga]Cl XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003053 polystyrene-divinylbenzene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021617 Indium monochloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M indium(1+);chloride Chemical compound [In]Cl APHGZSBLRQFRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- UNWFFCPRJXMCNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dodecanoyl(methyl)amino]propanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCC(O)=O UNWFFCPRJXMCNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMBBSOLAGVEUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-H Calcium arsenate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O.[O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O RMBBSOLAGVEUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003841 Raman measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940103357 calcium arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- CKHJYUSOUQDYEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(3+) Chemical compound [Ga+3] CKHJYUSOUQDYEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010889 donnan-equilibrium Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021513 gallium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNUARHPNFXVKEI-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ga+3] DNUARHPNFXVKEI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001449 indium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003969 polarography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the separation of Ga-containing species of metal and non-metal species which form anions in acidic aqueous solutions by dialysis with anion exchange dialysis membrane.
- the process is particularly suitable for the pre-refining of gallium-containing process wastewater such as pickling solutions or
- Polisuspensions of GaAsferproduction to a
- the inventive method allows the processing of impure process effluents with ionic contaminant levels to a gallium solution with low impurity levels, which allows a conversion to a purified intermediate or direct further processing to elemental gallium.
- Gallium itself is only obtained in a few alumina smelters and in campaigns, which is why metal prices are subject to fluctuations between 200 and up to 2000 US $ per kilogram. Therefore, the recycling of gallium from production residues is of great strategic importance for reducing the demand for raw materials. Conventional methods for pre-refining gallium in
- Process effluents include, for example, precipitation processes or extraction processes.
- Main group eg arsenic acid
- a III-V semiconductor from a dissolved element of the third main group eg gallium
- This method comprises adjusting the pH of the effluent to about 9.5 to 12.5 by an alkali metal hydroxide and adding an alkaline earth metal hydroxide, whereby the
- Alkaline earth metal salt e.g., calcium arsenate
- the element of the third main group can be precipitated by adding a mineral acid and separated.
- a variant of the abovementioned US patent describes the precipitation of calcium arsenate from gallium-containing wastewaters. This process is very much through several process stages
- gallium and indium ions could be separated together by using N-dodecanoyl-N-methyl-3-aminopropionic acid (DMAP).
- DMAP N-dodecanoyl-N-methyl-3-aminopropionic acid
- the process requires the use of costly, organic chemicals in four neutralization and flotation stages that make the process uneconomical.
- the gallium-containing product is also heavily contaminated with organic chemicals.
- Liquid membrane process for Ga separation from an As-containing solution of wafer processing In a one-step process with good selectivity, gallium is extracted through a porous membrane impregnated with the organic extraction chemical PC88A. In this method, however, a regular bleeding of the extractant from the membrane occurs, so this loses its selectivity. The frequent and laborious regeneration of the membrane with extractant makes the entire process inefficient.
- Dialysis methods with solid ion exchange membranes are superior to the aforementioned processes since they consume practically no chemicals and the membranes used have a high stability. These processes can be found in
- Lye regeneration are established in the electroplating industry, while in the semiconductor industry so far hardly
- Kim describes in Separation Purification Technology 90, 2012, pp. 64-68 a diffusion dialysis process for the recovery of phosphoric acid from mixed waste solutions of the semiconductor industry. It has been found that diffusion dialysis with anion exchange membranes and subsequent distillation selectively separate phosphoric acid from metal-containing mixed acids can. The produced phosphoric acid can only be separated with 80% yield of aluminum and molybdenum species. The concentration of the recovered acid remains below 50%, so in a second step by vacuum distillation
- Zeidler describes in World of Metallurgy - ERZMETALL 67 (2014) the use of dialysis methods as an example of the separation of gallium and arsenic with uncoated membranes in spent pickling solution of GaAs wafer production.
- Ion species eg H2ASO4 " - arsenic acid ions
- Anion exchange dialysis membrane wherein an acidic feed stream to be separated has halide ions in a concentration of at least 2 mol / l and Ga ions in a concentration capable of forming gallium halide complexes, and wherein in the membrane Ga ion-containing species selectively
- Non-metal species are transported through the membrane.
- the feed side membrane layer shifts the
- Anion exchanger dialysis membrane for a Ga-retaining at least on the feed side has a modified membrane layer, which is produced by impregnation of the surface with weakly basic anion exchange groups.
- Anion exchanger dialysis membrane for a Ga-retaining at least on the feed side has a modified membrane layer, which is produced by targeted control of the membrane synthesis.
- Gallium halo complex is a gallium chloro complex.
- a dialysis cell for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding points, comprising a feed chamber and a dialysate chamber and anion exchange dialysis membranes, which separate the feed chamber and the dialysate chamber from each other.
- Dialysis cell according to item 17 having an anode and a cathode in the case of electrodialysis.
- Device having a plurality of dialysis cells according to one of the two preceding points, wherein the dialysis cells are arranged in cascade, in order to prevent selective separation of the impurities of the Ga solution in different
- the dialysis cells are preferably operated continuously in the opposite direction
- AnionenSermembran be retained when in a to be separated, acidic solution of the feed (feed stream) in the
- AnionenSermbran inflowing area halide ions in a concentration of at least 2 mol / 1 are contained in the feed.
- Halide ions disintegrate. At 0.3 mol / 1 Ga is the
- a dialysis method with the mentioned features can be used both as diffusion dialysis, as well as electrodialysis.
- arsenic is predominantly H 2 ASO 4 "at pH values 3 3, but stable metal halides form stable halogen complexes, despite the predominant presence in the membrane
- Halide concentration gradients in contrast to the GaX 4 ⁇ complex, are only decomposed stepwise and to a limited extent, so that the solution contaminates non-metal species such as
- Arsenic acid and metal complexes such as InCl, r and FeCl 4 "pass through the membrane while gallium is retained in a highly selective manner
- Membranes according to claim 5 increased by at least one order of magnitude (see membrane comparison in Fig. 6).
- purified feed can be obtained directly by electrolysis or by increasing the pH - which may be due to the addition of caustic, but alternatively already automatically
- Functional ion exchange is an exchange of different ions with charges opposite to and balancing the functional groups.
- Ion transport charge neutrality must be maintained, a directed charge transport by ion exchange can only take place when an equivalent of opposite charges is transported in the opposite direction. This would require strong external constraints (e.g., the application of a
- the ion exchange resins When sorbing ion pairs, the ion exchange resins absorb anions and cations to provide activity balance of the ions inside and outside the resin. The repulsive forces of the functional groups over similarly charged coions can be overcome to a limited extent.
- Anionic exchange resins can sorb H + ions by their high mobility at high concentrations, this allows, for example, the sorption of large amounts of acid.
- Membrane surface arises in the membrane a
- the functional principle of dialysis will be explained in more detail below.
- the principle of dialysis is based on selective ion transport through non-porous, with Ion exchange resins coated membranes. They are loaded on one side of the membrane and regenerated on the other side. As driving forces for mass transfer
- Diffusion dialysis relies on the passive diffusion of co-ion counterion pairs through special diffusion dialysis anion exchange membranes with weakly cross-linked polymers. It finds, for example, in the recovery of mineral
- the diffusion dialysis consumes water as the recipient medium (dialysate), as well as a small
- the membranes can be stacked to compact modules, so that the process works in principle very economical.
- Membrane is done by electromigration. The alternate
- Ion exchange resins targeted to produce permeabilities and selectivities for different application feeders. Diffusion dialysis membranes with degrees of crosslinking
- Controllability of the retention of Ga-containing species against permeation through the membrane of other metal and non-metal species to be separated is then significantly improved when the anion exchange membrane used is provided with a higher compared to the membrane backbone copolymer layer to the membrane accordingly to modify the surface facing the feed.
- the modified surface membrane layer is relatively thin, preferably in the thickness range up to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably up to 10 ⁇ m.
- the functional layers can also by a
- Anion exchanger groups which are produced by polycondensation of highly crosslinked layers on the surface or the partial decomposition of the strongly basic anion exchange groups on the membrane surface.
- Another possibility for producing the functional layer is the production by targeted control of
- the generated, pre-refined solution should have the highest possible Ga concentration and free from Be impurities such as arsenic acid or metal ions.
- the separation of arsenic acid and metal ions can be carried out in several dialysis stages, in which one or more impurities are selectively separated. It can be used above-mentioned anion exchange membranes, the
- One concept of the present invention is based on pH adjustment of etch effluents to pH ⁇ 3, preferably ⁇ 2. Should the pH increase above 3 due to the acid separation, gallium hydroxide will also precipitate in this embodiment, which sorptively binds arsenic acid. The precipitate can additionally cause a blocking of the membrane.
- anionic complex could be an anion exchange membrane
- the intensity of the characteristic chloro complex peak at 348 cm -1 increases with the chloride concentration, indicating the increase in GaCl 4 ⁇ concentration.
- the Raman spectrum was not shifted by chloro-complex formation, indicating a lack of stable transition complexes of gallium.
- Chloride concentration narrows, increases in intensity and in the characteristic of the tetrachloro complex resonance
- the membrane can not pass and thus do not reach the Eluatseite.
- Tetracholorokmplexe through the membrane and into the dialysate. Utilization of this effect allows the selective separation of Ga from other metals, e.g. In and Fe.
- Non-porous, ion-permeable membranes can be used to achieve the mentioned effects.
- the ion exchange resins may be composed of divinylbenzene copolymers or sulfonated fluoropolymers.
- anion exchange membranes contain functional groups (solid ions) with cationic charges that make the polymer swellable and ion-conductive.
- a membrane which contains as functional groups quaternary amines with short alkyl radicals.
- the exchange capacity (Ion Exchange Capacity, IEC) here is about 1.8 meq / g, based on a dry membrane.
- the membrane is made of PS-DVB polymer, the degree of crosslinking of the matrix is below 10% DVB.
- a coated anion exchange membrane of a fluoropolymer with quaternary amines type 1 is used.
- the method may e.g. take place in multi-chamber cells or plate modules or tube winding modules.
- Transport resistance of the diffusion boundary layers are kept low on both sides.
- the dialysis cells As already shown in FIG. 1, the dialysis cells
- Concentrations of the complexing halides can be operated with specific process parameters. These include the choice of membrane type and membrane area, the flow rates of feed and dialysate and the temperature and, in the case of electrodialysis, the current density.
- Example 1 Diffusion dialysis for the separation of Ga and As in batch plant
- coated diffusion dialysis anion exchange membranes in a batch plant 150 ml feed with 10 g / l Ga (0.143 mol / l) and llg / l As (0.147 mol / l) and a starting chloride concentration of 2.2 mol / l; 230 ml dialysate; 8 cm 2 membrane area).
- the coated membrane is of the Selemion APS4 type. It is based on a polysulfone skeleton with quaternary amines and is coated on the feed side.
- the uncoated membrane is of the Neosepta AFN type and is based on a PS-DVB resin
- Dialysis duration remains below 5 mg / l ( «0.072 mmol / l).
- the permeability of the arsenic acid is only slightly reduced in contrast to the permeability of gallium.
- Example 2 Ga A separation in a continuous countercurrent system
- Fig. 7 shows the design of a continuous
- Fig. 8 shows the dependency of the mole fraction of the indium (III) chloro complexes on the Cl concentration in an equilibrium.
- the initial concentration of In was 0.25 mol / l at 25 ° C and a pH ⁇ 2.
- the values are taken from: P Kondziela, J. Biernat (1975): “Determination of stability constants of Indium Halides Complexes by Polarography ", Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 61, pp. 281-288, and I. Puigdomenech (2013):” Hydra-Medusa ", software with database for calculating chemical equilibria, software version August 2009, database Version January 2013,
- the feed used was an HCl solution with a concentration of 5 mol / l HCl, with which indium and
- Gallium present as chloro complexes In the experiment with Ga, an initial concentration of 0.15 mol / 1 Ga was used, in the experiment with indium, a starting concentration of 0.06 mol / 1 In was used. InCl-r is already stable in 0.5 mol / l HCl (see stability diagram of the indium chloro complexes in Fig. 8) and thus has a greater stability than GaCl4. " Thus, InCl 4 " can pass through the membrane much more easily than the latter corresponding gallium complex. The Ga transport out
- hydrochloric acid solution is therefore much slower than InTransport.
- Fig. 10 shows experimental results of Ga and Fe separation. Here, the concentration curves of iron and gallium in the dialysate are compared. The experiment was carried out in a two-cell cell equipped with a Selemion DSV membrane with a surface area of 25 cm 2 . The
- Feed volume was 200 ml and the dialysate volume was 300 ml.
- it is not quantifiable here how many chloride ions are already present in the feed solution as complexes of Ga and Fe.
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Abstract
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DE102016210451.9A DE102016210451A1 (de) | 2016-06-13 | 2016-06-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ga-Rückgewinnung |
PCT/EP2017/064371 WO2017216144A1 (de) | 2016-06-13 | 2017-06-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ga-rückgewinnung |
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JP (1) | JP6959266B2 (de) |
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FR2620695B1 (fr) * | 1987-09-21 | 1990-01-05 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede de recuperation de gallium par extraction liquide-liquide |
US5972073A (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1999-10-26 | The University Of Dayton | Recovery of the components of group III-V material aqueous wastes |
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JP2019518599A (ja) | 2019-07-04 |
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