EP3302964A1 - Membrane multicouche - Google Patents
Membrane multicoucheInfo
- Publication number
- EP3302964A1 EP3302964A1 EP16733652.8A EP16733652A EP3302964A1 EP 3302964 A1 EP3302964 A1 EP 3302964A1 EP 16733652 A EP16733652 A EP 16733652A EP 3302964 A1 EP3302964 A1 EP 3302964A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- multilayer membrane
- metal
- planarizing
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
- C08J7/0423—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder with at least one layer of inorganic material and at least one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/043—Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers
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- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/048—Forming gas barrier coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/029—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/42—Alternating layers, e.g. ABAB(C), AABBAABB(C)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/31—Heat sealable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/538—Roughness
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7244—Oxygen barrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2581/00—Seals; Sealing equipment; Gaskets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
- C08F222/10—Esters
- C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
- C08F222/106—Esters of polycondensation macromers
- C08F222/1065—Esters of polycondensation macromers of alcohol terminated (poly)urethanes, e.g. urethane(meth)acrylates
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2423/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2423/06—Polyethene
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- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2433/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the membranes used as an envelope in the thermal insulation panels, in particular the PIV type panels (for Vacuum Insulation Panel).
- the membranes comprising, in addition to a support layer, at least one planarizing layer and at least one metallic thin layer.
- the invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of these membranes.
- the PIV type panels are constituted in known manner: a membrane envelope which ensures gastightness and a rigid panel made of a porous material having insulating properties, placed inside this envelope and kept under vacuum by means of this envelope.
- the porous panel which is most often made of a material such as fumed silica, an airgel, perlite, glass fibers, gives the panel its shape and gives it its mechanical strength.
- Such panels are useful for thermal insulation of a wall due to their high insulating performance for reduced thickness and bulk.
- the gases are removed from the porous insulating material before the latter is vacuum-conditioned in a flexible barrier envelope.
- This generally consists of a membrane comprising a heat-sealable film, and which may comprise several layers of different materials.
- the barrier membranes which surround the insulating material, must meet many constraints to avoid a degradation of the insulating properties of the VIP over time: they must be gas-tight, especially water vapor and oxygen, in order to prevent gas penetration inside the membrane and to maintain a high vacuum level.
- the barrier membranes must have a satisfactory mechanical strength to avoid a degradation of their performance during the handling of the panels, but also a high flexibility so as to allow the enveloping of the insulating panel by the membrane. In the case of insulation panels intended for the building sector, these membranes must retain their barrier properties over very long periods of time, from one to several decades.
- the barrier membranes are designed to prevent the formation of thermal bridges at the slices.
- the barrier membranes of the prior art as described for example in US2004 / 0253406, are multilayer materials generally comprising at least:
- a gas-tight layer which may be a metal sheet, such as an aluminum foil, or a thin layer resulting from the deposition of a metal or a metal oxide,
- EP2508785 teaches an (outer) support layer resulting from the coextrusion of a nylon resin, an ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer, and a second nylon resin.
- the gas-tight layer presents a particular difficulty: indeed, when it consists of a continuous metal sheet, the barrier properties of the individual insulating panels are excellent.
- thermal bridges are formed at the junction surfaces between two panels. These thermal bridges are all the more important as the thickness of the metal layer is high.
- the resulting thermal bridges are not compatible with the level of thermal insulation required for PIV panels.
- US2002 / 0018891 it has been proposed (US2002 / 0018891) to produce the gas-tight layer by depositing a thin layer of a metal or a metal oxide on the support layer or on an intermediate layer.
- the reduced thickness of metal that can be obtained by these techniques reduces the barrier effect at the junction faces of the panels.
- the deposition techniques do not make it possible to obtain a layer of perfect continuity and the gas barrier effect is reduced by the presence of small orifices.
- JP2005307995 teaches a barrier membrane comprising in order: a PET base material on which is deposited a thin layer of metal or metal oxide by chemical vapor deposition, then a polyacrylic resin protective layer which is a copolymer with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and finally a heat-sealable layer.
- the role of the polyacrylic resin is to protect the multilayer against peeling during the bending of the material and against frictional wear.
- JP2006046442 discloses a multilayer barrier membrane comprising in the following order: a PET base material on which is deposited a thin layer of metal or metal oxide by chemical vapor deposition, a protective layer of polyacrylic resin copolymerized with PVA and strongly crosslinked and finally a heat-sealable layer.
- the crosslinked polyacrylic layer penetrates the metal layer and is used to compensate for the micro-orifices of the metal deposit.
- the object of the invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the proposed solution is based on the implementation of a planarizing layer between the support layer and the gas-tight layer.
- the invention firstly relates to a multilayer membrane comprising a stack of layers, including a heat-sealable layer forming a peripheral face of the multilayer membrane and at least, in order, the following sequence:
- a metal layer made of at least one material chosen from: a metal and a metal oxide, with a thickness of less than or equal to 200 nm,
- Rq is the root mean square deviation as defined in ISO 4287, measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on a surface of 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 2 .
- the invention also relates to a vacuum insulating panel comprising at least one rigid panel of a porous material having insulating properties and an envelope composed of at least one multilayer membrane according to the invention.
- the rigid panel of porous material comprises a desiccant material for absorbing the residual water vapor that can pass through the envelope, such as, for example, calcium (CaO).
- a desiccant material for absorbing the residual water vapor that can pass through the envelope, such as, for example, calcium (CaO).
- a vacuum insulating panel according to the invention may further comprise a fabric-type coating, in particular a glass fiber fabric, which may be bonded to the multilayer membrane according to the invention or may be assembled around the panel. independently of the multilayer membrane according to the invention.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a multilayer membrane according to the invention, this method comprising the provision of at least one support layer and the deposition of at least one metal layer of thickness less than or equal to 200 nm, this method being characterized in that it comprises depositing a planarizing layer between the support layer and the metal layer.
- the invention also relates to the use of a planarizing layer in a multilayer membrane of a vacuum insulating panel, between a support layer and a metal layer of thickness less than or equal to 200 nm, the planarizing layer defining a planarized surface which has an average surface roughness Rq less than or equal to 1 nm, to increase the gas tightness of the membrane.
- the invention further relates to the use of a multilayer membrane according to the invention as all or part of an envelope of a vacuum insulating panel.
- the planarizing layer defines a planarized surface that has a mean surface roughness Rq less than or equal to 0.5 nm.
- the planarizing layer results from the hardening of a resin composition comprising one or more precursors of polymers chosen from: polyesters, polyurethanes, polyester / polyurethane copolymers, silanes, siloxanes, modified polyesters silane, modified silane polyurethanes, polyester / siloxane copolymers, polyurethane / siloxane copolymers.
- the planarizing layer results from the curing of a resin composition comprising one or more precursors of polymers chosen from: alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, urethanes / acrylates and urethanes / methacrylates .
- the planarizing layer results from the hardening of a resin composition comprising at least:
- a trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer A trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer.
- the planarizing layer has a thickness of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m, more preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
- the metal layer is aluminum.
- the support layer is based on poly (ethylene terephthalate).
- the stack of a planarizing layer and a metal layer of at least one metal or a metal oxide with a thickness of less than or equal to 200 nm defines a gas-tightness module.
- the multilayer membrane comprising at least in the order:
- a second gas-tightness module identical or different from the first gas-tightness module.
- the stack of a support layer of polymer material, a planarizing layer and a metal layer of at least one metal or a metal oxide of a thickness less than or equal to 200 nm defines a supported module, the multilayer membrane comprising at least in the order:
- a second supported module identical or different from the first supported module.
- the multilayer membrane comprises at least in the following order:
- a second adhesive layer a third supported module, identical or different from the first supported module, identical or different from the second supported module.
- the deposition of the planarizing layer is carried out by a liquid route, in particular by roller or brush coating, slit coating, vaporization, dipping, spin coating or threaded rod deposition.
- the deposition of the metal layer is carried out by evaporation or sputtering, in particular magnetic field assisted sputtering.
- the insulation system according to the invention has many advantages. There is an increase in barrier properties to gases (water vapor, oxygen) membranes, and also a reduction of thermal bridging phenomena on PIV panel assemblies. The mechanical strength and flexibility properties of the membranes of the invention are also very satisfactory.
- FIG. 1A, 1B and 2 to 4 schematic sectional views of different membrane variants according to the invention.
- the same numbering has been used to designate the same part.
- the thicknesses of the different layers shown in the figures do not correspond to the actual thicknesses of the materials of the invention nor to the relative proportions of the thicknesses of the different layers.
- polymer refers to both homopolymers and copolymers. It includes polymer blends, oligomers, mixtures of monomers, oligomers and polymers.
- a multilayer membrane L IA comprising a stack, or succession, of layers.
- This membrane is intended to wrap a thermal insulation panel, including a vacuum insulating panel (PIV).
- PUV vacuum insulating panel
- the support layer 2 made of PET defines the external face 5A of the membrane L IA. It is coated on its inner face with a planarizing layer 4 based on a urethane / acrylate resin.
- the planarizing layer 4 defines a planarized upper surface 11A directly coated with a thin metal layer 6 based on aluminum, with a thickness of less than or equal to 200 nm.
- a heat-sealable layer 8A polyethylene.
- the heat-sealable layer 8A can be, in particular, extruded on the metal layer 6 or bonded to the metal layer 6 by means of an adhesive layer.
- the heat-sealable layer 8A allows, after folding and heat sealing, to close the membrane in the form of a gas-tight envelope.
- the heat-sealable layer 8A defines the inner face 3A of the membrane L IA.
- a heat-sealable layer 8B made of polyethylene is attached to a support layer 2 made of PET and defines the internal face 3B of the membrane 1.1B.
- the heat-sealable layer 8B may be, in particular, extruded on the support layer 2 or bonded to the support layer 2 by means of an adhesive layer.
- the support layer 2 is coated on its outer face with a planarizing layer 4 based on a urethane / acrylate resin.
- the planarizing layer 4 defines a planarized upper surface 11B directly coated with a thin metal layer 6 based on aluminum.
- the layer 6 is itself coated with a protective layer 12 of PET or nylon which defines the outer face 5B of the membrane 1.1B.
- the function of the support layer is to provide the other layers of the membrane with a support of sufficient mechanical strength to implement the manufacturing process, to make the stack manipulable and to allow the implementation of the membrane, in particular in the manufacture of thermal insulation panels, including vacuum insulation panels (PIV).
- PUV vacuum insulation panels
- the support layer (Cs) defines two main surfaces, one of which may constitute the outer face of the membrane, as illustrated in FIG. 1 A.
- the support layer is based on polymeric material.
- It may consist of a single layer of polymer material, or it may consist of a stack of layers of the same material or of different materials, assembled for example by coextrusion, hot rolling or gluing.
- polyesters for example poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly (ethylene naphthalate) (PEN); polyamides (nylon) such as nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-6,10, nylon-6,12, nylon-11, nylon-12; copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH); the polypropylene (PP); polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); mixtures of these materials.
- PET poly (ethylene terephthalate)
- PEN poly (ethylene naphthalate)
- nylon such as nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-6,10, nylon-6,12, nylon-11, nylon-12
- copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH)
- PP polypropylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the support layer is obtained from at least one composition of at least one polymeric material.
- This composition may also comprise additives known for the production of films made of polymeric material, such as, for example, dyes, pigments, anti-UV agents, plasticizers, lubricating agents, fillers.
- the support layer comprises poly (ethylene terephthalate).
- the support layer is essentially composed of poly (ethylene terephthalate).
- the thickness of the support layer is advantageously from 5 to 500 ⁇ , preferably from 10 to 200 ⁇ .
- the method of manufacturing the support layer advantageously comprises extruding a film of polymeric material. It may comprise other steps such as, for example, stretching or blowing a film of polymeric material.
- the method of manufacturing the support layer can comprise coextrusion, hot rolling or gluing of several layers of polymeric materials when the support layer itself consists of a stack of layers.
- the planarizing layer (Cp), intermediate between the support layer (Cs) and the metal layer (Cm), defines a planarized surface, opposite to the surface in contact with the support layer.
- the metal layer will be deposited on the planarized surface.
- the planarized surface has a mean surface roughness Rq less than or equal to 1 nm, where Rq is the root mean square deviation as defined in ISO 4287, measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on a surface of 5 x 5 ⁇ 2 .
- Rq is the root mean square deviation as defined in ISO 4287, measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on a surface of 5 x 5 ⁇ 2 .
- the planarizing layer has a mean surface roughness Rq less than or equal to 0.5 nm.
- the planarizing layer advantageously consists of at least one material resulting from the curing of a resin composition.
- the resin composition used to form the planarizing layer preferably comprises one or more precursors of polymers chosen from: polyesters, polyurethanes, polyester / polyurethane copolymers, silanes, siloxanes, modified silane polyesters, modified silane polyurethanes , polyester / siloxane copolymers, polyurethane / siloxane copolymers.
- precursors of polymers and copolymers monomers, oligomers, prepolymers, polymers and copolymers, crosslinking agents.
- the resin composition preferably comprises one or more components chosen from: acrylic precursors, methacrylic precursors, acrylates, methacrylates, urethanes, monoisocyanates, polyisocyanates, alcohols, polyols, polyethers, polyepoxides, silanes, siloxanes, silanols.
- the resin composition used to form the planarizing layer comprises at least one polyfunctional precursor, that is to say having at least two reactive functions of identical or different nature, for example: urethane acrylate oligomers or methacrylates; polyisocyanates; silanol RSi (OH) 3 , in which R represents an organic group which comprises at least one reactive function, such as a vinyl, epoxy or acrylate function.
- Urethane / acrylate or urethane / methacrylate oligomers, mono-functional or multifunctional in acrylate groups and / or terminal methacrylates are described for example in WO2014 / 188116.
- Silanol RSi (OH) 3 whose R group comprises a reactive function, such as a vinyl, epoxy or acrylate function, are described, for example, in US2010 / 0154886.
- the planarizing resin composition comprises at least one precursor chosen from polyfunctional (meth) acrylates.
- the planarizing resin composition comprises at least one precursor chosen from those of functionality greater than or equal to 3, that is to say having, for example, three or four or more reaction groups.
- the planarizing resin composition comprises at least one precursor chosen from urethane / (meth) acrylate and at least one precursor chosen from di- and tri-functional (meth) acrylates.
- the planarizing resin composition comprises at least:
- a trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer A trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer.
- the planarizing resin composition comprises at least:
- the planarizing resin composition comprises at least:
- the percentages being given as mass of active material relative to the total mass of the polymer precursors of the planarizing resin composition.
- the resin composition may also comprise one or more components chosen from: mineral nanoparticles, of size preferably less than or equal to 25 nm, such as inorganic oxides, for example nanoparticles of silica, titanium oxide or zirconium oxide.
- silica nanoparticles are chosen.
- the inorganic particles have a size ranging from 5 nm to 15 nm.
- the Ludox-SM® colloidal silica dispersions Ludox-LS® when present, the mineral nanoparticles advantageously represent from 5 to 40% by weight, relative to the total mass of the resin composition. planarizing.
- the resin composition may also comprise one or more components chosen from: crosslinking catalysts, for example:
- the metal salts of carboxylic acids especially: sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium formate, potassium formate, zinc acetylacetonates, tin, magnesium, cobalt, calcium , titanium or zirconium; zinc stearate;
- metal oxides such as zinc oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide
- metal alkoxides such as titanium tetrabutoxide, titanium propoxide, alkoxides of zirconium, niobium, tantalum;
- alcoholates and hydroxides of alkali, alkaline-earth metals and rare earth hydroxides, such as sodium methoxide are examples of alkali, alkaline-earth metals and rare earth hydroxides, such as sodium methoxide.
- the catalyst represents from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total mass of resin precursors.
- the planarizing resin composition may be in the form of a solution in a solvent, such as water, an alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, a ketone, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone. It can also be composed only of active ingredients, which in mixture are liquid.
- the planarizing resin composition is deposited in a known liquid manner on the inner face of the support layer and then hardened by applying a suitable treatment, such as a temperature rise or an irradiation treatment, for example irradiation with UV. In some cases, the planarizing resin composition is cured by simple exposure to air.
- a drying step is advantageously provided before curing.
- Liquid application methods include: coating, including roll coating, brush coating, slot-die coating; vaporization; soaking; spin coating (or spin coating); deposit by threaded rod.
- the amount of resin composition deposited on the support layer is adapted to form a dry resin layer of thickness ranging from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ , preferably from 0.5 to 25 ⁇ , more preferably from 1 to 5 ⁇ . .
- Planarizing resin compositions capable of being used in the present invention have been described for other applications in WO2010 / 078233, US2010 / 0154886.
- the metal layer is metal, or metal oxide, and a thickness less than or equal to 200 nm.
- the role of this layer is to be gastight, especially water vapor and air. It is deposited directly on the planar layer.
- metals that can be used to form the metal layer, mention may be made of: aluminum, iron, chromium, nickel, platinum, gold, silver.
- metal oxides that can be used to form the metal layer, mention may be made of:
- the oxides of the metals of groups 2 (formerly IIA) and 13 (formerly IIIA), and transition metals (groups 3 to 12, formerly IB to VIIIB) of the periodic table of the elements for example: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Ti, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, Sb;
- silicon oxides in particular chosen from those having the formula SiOx with x> 2.
- the metal layer is aluminum.
- the metal layer is deposited on the planarizing layer by any method making it possible to obtain a deposit of a thickness less than or equal to 200 nm.
- the metal layer is advantageously deposited by evaporation; by sputtering, in particular by magnetic field called magnetron sputtering; by vapor deposition (or CVD for Chemical Vapor Deposition); electron beam; by atomic layer deposition (Atomic Layer Deposition or ALD).
- the metal layer is deposited by evaporation or magnetron sputtering.
- the heat-sealable layer (Ct) defines two surfaces, one of which constitutes the inner face of the membrane.
- the heat-sealable layer may consist of one or more successive layers of stacked thermo fusible materials.
- thermoplastic layer As a material that can be used to form the heat-sealable layer, there may be mentioned: homopolymers and copolymers of polyolefins, polyesters.
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- PB polybutylene
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers
- PP polypropylene
- PP ethylene / ethyl acrylate copolymers
- acrylic acid copolymers ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymers
- ethylene / propylene copolymers ionomer polymers (01); mixtures of these materials.
- polyesters examples include: amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- the heat-sealable layer is based on polyethylene.
- the heat-sealable layer is obtained from a composition based on polymeric materials which may further include, in a known manner and not limited to: fillers, plasticizers.
- the heat-fusible polymers represent at least 95% by weight of the total mass of the heat-sealable layer, advantageously at least 98%.
- homo- and copolymers of polyolefms represent at least 95% by weight of the total mass of the heat-sealable layer, advantageously at least 98%.
- the heat-sealable layer consists essentially of polyethylene.
- the heat-sealable layer may be produced by extrusion or coextrusion of one or more of the above-mentioned materials. It can be assembled with the other layers by extrusion-coating, by hot or cold rolling, by means of an adhesive layer.
- the thickness of the heat-sealable layer is preferably from 20 to 200 ⁇ , and particularly preferably from 25 to 100 ⁇ .
- the stack of layers defining the membranes of the invention has gas barrier properties which are greater than the sum of the barrier properties of the individual layers taken individually.
- the stack consists of layers that have substantially the same dimensions, so that the stack is formed over its entire surface of the same layer overlays.
- the composite film may also include one or more layers of at least one other material.
- the support layer may be provided to coat the support layer with a primary coating layer which facilitates the adhesion of the planarizing layer on the support layer.
- a primary coating layer which facilitates the adhesion of the planarizing layer on the support layer.
- an anti-static layer a layer with anti-fire properties.
- the stack may comprise a protective layer 12, for example made of PET or nylon®, on the metal layer, the protective layer acting in particular as an outer layer.
- a protective layer 12 for example made of PET or nylon®, on the metal layer, the protective layer acting in particular as an outer layer.
- Gaseous sealing modules can be stacked consisting of identical or different layers as to their chemical nature, their composition, their thickness.
- a membrane 1.2 having gas barrier properties by superimposing: a support layer 2, then a first planarizing layer 4.1, followed by a first metal layer 6.1, which form a first sealing module 7.1, then a second planarizing layer 4.2, followed by a second metallic layer 6.2, which form a second sealing module 7.2, and finally a heat-sealable layer 8.
- a membrane 1.3 having gas barrier properties by superimposing: a first support layer 2.1, then a first planarizing layer 4.1, followed by a first metal layer 6.1, which form a first supported module 9.1; then an adhesive layer 10; then a second support layer 2.2, then a second planarizing layer 4.2, followed by a second metal layer 6.2, which form a second supported module 9.2; and finally a heat-sealable layer 8.
- FIG. 4 there is shown a stack of layers comprising a first supported module 9.1, then an adhesive layer 10.1, a second supported module 9.2, an adhesive layer 10.2, a third supported module 9.3, and finally a heat-sealable layer 8.
- the three supported modules can be of identical or different compositions and thicknesses.
- the stack may comprise one or more adhesive layers, for example based on acrylic resin and / or polyurethane between two layers, or between two sealing modules or between two supported modules.
- the multilayer membranes of the invention may be manufactured in the form of a continuous strip comprising the stack of the various layers which have been described above, deposited successively by means of the processes described above and which will be detailed in the experimental part. . After the manufacture of the ribbon, a cut is made to the desired dimensions.
- the multilayer membranes of the invention are characterized by their gas barrier properties, in particular oxygen barrier and water vapor barrier. This last property is particularly important because it is known in the field of thermal insulation panels PIV type that the penetration of moisture inside the membrane is an important factor of degradation of thermal insulating properties.
- the transmission rate of water vapor can be evaluated by any known method, in particular by means of the CRDS (cavity ring-down spectroscopy) method described in US 2012/062896 A1, or of the ASTM F1249-90 method.
- Oxygen Transmission Rate can be evaluated by any known method, such as IS014663-2, or ASTM D3985.
- the multilayer membranes of the invention are particularly suitable for the manufacture of vacuum insulation panels (PIV) for the thermal insulation of a building, for the insulation of interior walls or exterior walls. They can also be used in other applications, such as the manufacture of vacuum insulation panels for household appliances.
- POV vacuum insulation panels
- Support layer formed from PET Melinex ® PET polyethylene terephthalate ST505 sold by DUPONT ®.
- Planarizing layer (Cp) formed from a mixture of resin precursors described in Table 1 below, to which a polymerization initiator is added.
- Metal layer Aluminum (Al).
- Adhesive the adhesive composition comprises an Adcote® 76R44 polyester resin marketed by Dow Chemical (based on polyester and toluene) diluted in ethyl acetate to give a final solid concentration of 20%. mass.
- the crosslinking agent is Adcote® Catalyst 9L10, also from Dow Chemical, used in an amount of approximately 7% by weight relative to the resin mass (% calculated as active ingredient).
- the composition is mixed for 30 min at room temperature, deposited on the substrate by wet coating and then dried at 110 ° C for 30 s, to have a layer of about 3-4 ⁇ .
- Heat-sealable layer polyethylene (PE) 50 ⁇ thick, high or low density.
- a resin layer having the composition given in Table 1 is deposited on the support layer with a threaded rod ("Meyer rod") model n ° 0 to have a thickness of 4 ⁇ . After drying, the layer has a thickness of 2 ⁇ .
- Deposit of a metal layer after deposition of the planarizing layer on the support layer, an aluminum layer of thickness 100 nm is deposited on the planarizing layer by magnetron sputtering using an aluminum target, under a pressure of 0.2 Pa in a pure argon atmosphere.
- Rq as defined in ISO 4287, is measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on a surface of 5 x 5 ⁇ 2 .
- the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is evaluated in g / m 2 / day at 38 ° C, 95% humidity according to the CRDS method described in US 2012/062896 Al.
- EXAMPLE 5 The presence of the polyethylene heat-sealable layer does not significantly modify the water vapor permeability properties of the membrane with respect to Example 1.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1555002A FR3037000B1 (fr) | 2015-06-02 | 2015-06-02 | Membrane multicouche |
| PCT/FR2016/051304 WO2016193616A1 (fr) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-06-01 | Membrane multicouche |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3302964A1 true EP3302964A1 (fr) | 2018-04-11 |
Family
ID=54145795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16733652.8A Withdrawn EP3302964A1 (fr) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-06-01 | Membrane multicouche |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180147820A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3302964A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6778215B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20180015141A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3037000B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL256040A (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY182706A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016193616A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6210149B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-10-11 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 真空断熱材用外包材、真空断熱材、および真空断熱材付き物品 |
| CN110117991A (zh) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-13 | 石河子大学 | 一种设有玄武岩纤维中空织物一体化保温板 |
| KR102350971B1 (ko) | 2018-02-07 | 2022-01-12 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 모듈의 온도를 조절하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| CN115891364A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2023-04-04 | 泰克斯蒂勒材料公司 | 一种制造多功能材料系统的方法 |
| KR102542171B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-06-13 | 엠에스웨이 주식회사 | 플렉서블 투명 전도성 필름 및 이를 포함하는 투명 전극 및 투명 차열 필름 |
| US20240189861A1 (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2024-06-13 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Multilayer barrier film, its manufacture and use in photovoltaic applications |
| CN114134458A (zh) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-04 | 上海交通大学 | 一种具有纳米多孔结构的周期性多层超薄隔热薄膜及其制备和应用 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6778215B2 (ja) | 2020-10-28 |
| KR20180015141A (ko) | 2018-02-12 |
| JP2018524204A (ja) | 2018-08-30 |
| IL256040A (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| FR3037000B1 (fr) | 2021-09-24 |
| MY182706A (en) | 2021-02-03 |
| FR3037000A1 (fr) | 2016-12-09 |
| US20180147820A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
| WO2016193616A1 (fr) | 2016-12-08 |
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