EP3212817A1 - Corde superélastique pour raquette - Google Patents

Corde superélastique pour raquette

Info

Publication number
EP3212817A1
EP3212817A1 EP15800725.2A EP15800725A EP3212817A1 EP 3212817 A1 EP3212817 A1 EP 3212817A1 EP 15800725 A EP15800725 A EP 15800725A EP 3212817 A1 EP3212817 A1 EP 3212817A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mpa
tensile stress
phase transition
ball game
string
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15800725.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3212817B1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Lau
Johan Kotze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Head Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Head Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Head Technology GmbH filed Critical Head Technology GmbH
Publication of EP3212817A1 publication Critical patent/EP3212817A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3212817B1 publication Critical patent/EP3212817B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
    • A63B51/023—Strings having characteristics varying along the length of the string, e.g. diameter or elasticity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/006—Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/02—Tennis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/04—Badminton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/06—Squash
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/06—Squash
    • A63B2102/065—Racketball
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
    • A63B51/001—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings using strings made of different materials on the same frame, e.g. gut and nylon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a string for a ball game racket comprising a super-elastic or pseudo-elastic material, and a ball game racket having a string comprising at least one string having a super-elastic or pseudo-elastic material.
  • Strings for ball game rackets such as tennis rackets, squash rackets, badminton rackets, racquetball rackets and the like are made from a variety of materials.
  • Ballspielditersaiten consisted of natural gut, especially cow intestine. Such natural gut strings are still characterized by high elasticity and tension stability. However, they are also very expensive and relatively sensitive to weather. Therefore, synthetic or synthetic strings made of nylon or polyester have prevailed in the first place.
  • Ball game bats should have a high specific strength, a low rigidity and a high elongation at break.
  • the damping properties as well as the stress relaxation also play a role. None of the known materials for ball game bats strings can meet all these requirements in the highest degree.
  • the present invention is based on the idea to provide a ball game racket string, in particular a string for a tennis racket, a squash racket, badminton rackets or a racquetball racket, which consists of a superelastic or pseudoelastic material or has a superelastic or pseudoelastic material.
  • Tension-elongation behavior for use in a ballgame string first may appear unrealistic, so here are a whole series of advantages that can affect the playing of a stringed with such strings ball game racket drastically.
  • the tensile strength of superelastic materials such as Nitinol is many times higher than the tensile strength of, for example, natural gut or polyester.
  • the diameter of a tennis string made, for example, of nitinol can therefore be significantly reduced compared to conventional strings, as becomes clear from the following overview:
  • the diameter of a nitinol string can be reduced by about a factor of 2 compared to a natural gut string, which, for example, has a not inconsiderable influence on the aerodynamics of a ball game racket covered with such a string.
  • the tensile stiffness of the nitnolite string corresponds approximately to the tensile stiffness of the natural gut, whereas it is significantly higher in the case of austenitic nitinol.
  • the advantage of superelastic materials is, inter alia, that the Tensile rigidity due to the tension of the ball game racket, ie the pretension applied to the string, determines whether the superelastic material is in austenitic or martensitic state, since the phase diagram of superelastic materials depends on the applied tension.
  • a super-elastic material undergoes a first phase transition under increasing tensile stress, transforming austenite into martensite. Both below and above this phase transition, a superelastic material behaves essentially linearly in the stress-strain diagram. However, in the area of the phase transition itself, the strain can increase massively without the stress having to be increased, since the strain is based on a transformation of austenite into martensite. When the applied tensile stress is reduced again, a second phase transition occurs in which martensite is converted back to austenite. Since this second phase transition occurs at a lower tensile stress than the first phase transition, one also speaks of a hysteresis.
  • the first phase transition of the superelastic material occurs at room temperature at a tensile stress of between 250 MPa and 900 MPa, more preferably at a tensile stress of between 300 MPa and 800 MPa, and most preferably at a tensile stress of between 350 MPa and 700 MPa.
  • the tensile stress at which the first phase transition "occurs” means preferably the tensile stress at which the elongation is 3%, and in technical jargon it is also referred to as the upper plateau stress.
  • the second phase transition of the superelastic material occurs at room temperature at a tensile stress between 50 MPa and 700 MPa, more preferably at a tensile stress between 150 MPa and 650 MPa, and most preferably at a tensile stress between 250 MPa and 600 MPa.
  • the tensile stress at which the second phase transition "occurs” refers to the tensile stress at which the elongation is 2.5%, and in technical jargon it is also referred to as lower plateau stress.
  • the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs and the tensile stress at which the second phase transition occurs or at room temperature less than 350 MPa, more preferably less than 300 MPa, and more preferably less than 250 MPa.
  • the clothing of the ball game racket can be subjected to a pretension which is greater than the one tension
  • this aspect is directed to a ball game racket with a string having at least one string with or from a superelastic material in the martensitic state, as shown by the data given above, the tensile stiffness in the Here, however, this could be achieved with a significantly lower string diameter of preferably at most 1.1 mm, more preferably of at most 0.9 mm and in particular rs preferably not exceed 0.8 mm.
  • the clothing can be subjected to a bias which is smaller than the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs or starts.
  • this aspect is directed to a ball game racket with a string that has at least one string made of or with a super-elastic material in the austenitic state. It is possible to exploit the extremely high tensile stiffness of, for example, austenitic nitinol (see above) and at the same time deliberately avoid the phase transition of the superelastic material.
  • the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs and the bias voltage applied to the skin at room temperature is greater than 100 MPa, more preferably greater than 200 MPa, and particularly preferably greater than 300 MPa.
  • This condition is based on the idea that the forces typically occurring during the playing of the ball game racket should not lead to such high tensions within the string that the string material enters the phase transition. This gives a relatively stiff metal string with a high strength, but otherwise behaves like a conventional string.
  • the force increase in the string during a hit depends greatly on the preload, the string pattern, the string stiffness, and of course, the player's stroke hardness. In extreme conditions, professional players can achieve force increases of the order of 200N.
  • 150 N are not exceeded. Assuming a force increase of 150 N results in a string diameter of 1.1 mm (ie, 0.95 mm 2 cross-sectional area), a voltage increase of 158 MPa. If the string diameter is only 0.9 mm (ie, 0.636 mm 2 cross-sectional area) or 0.8 mm (ie, 0.502 mm 2 cross-sectional area), the same increase in force results in 236 MPa and 299 MPa increase in tension in the string, respectively.
  • the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs and the bias applied to the skin be greater at room temperature than 100 MPa preferably greater than 125 MPa and more preferably greater than 150 MPa.
  • the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs and the bias applied to the skin be greater than 200 MPa at room temperature, more preferably greater than 250 MPa, and more preferably greater than 300 MPa.
  • the clothing can also be subjected to such a bias that during the game the phase transition, and particularly preferably the complete hysteresis of the phase transition, is passed through during the game.
  • a bias voltage to the clothing, which is smaller than the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs or starts, wherein at the same time the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs or starts, and the Bias bias applied to the skin at room temperature is less than 400 MPa, more preferably less than 300 MPa, and most preferably less than 200 MPa.
  • the string material is in the austenitic state, but just below the phase transition.
  • the string material gets into the area of the phase transition and behaves super- or pseudoelastically. That is, the string undergoes stretching without requiring an increase in tension until all austenite is converted to martensite.
  • the clothing can form a kind of "pocket" that largely surrounds the ball, thus allowing for greater control in the game, in order to achieve the greatest possible effect here, it is preferable that the entire game be played Therefore, in this embodiment, especially those superelastic materials are preferred which have a very narrow hysteresis, for example NiTi and NiTiFe are preferred materials with such a narrow hysteresis.
  • strings with a diameter of more than 1 mm it is preferable for strings with a diameter of more than 1 mm to have the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs and the bias applied to the string at room temperature is less than 200 MPa, more preferably less than 175 MPa, and more preferably less than 150 MPa.
  • the difference between the tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs and the bias applied to the skin be less than 400 MPa at room temperature, more preferably is less than 350 MPa, and more preferably less than 300 MPa.
  • the clothing of the ball game racket according to the invention may comprise one or more strings of a non-superelastic material.
  • the entire string may consist of strings of or superelastic material.
  • One or more strings of the ball game racket according to the invention may also consist only partially of a super-elastic material or have this.
  • certain portions along the lengthwise direction of the ball-playing bat string may be made of a super-elastic material or may comprise a super-elastic material which interrupted by sections that are made of a non-super elastic material.
  • those string sections which are arranged in the center of the clothing are preferably superelastic.
  • only a part of the string cross section is formed from a superelastic material.
  • the ball game racket string according to the invention is hollow at least in sections and that the material surrounding the cavity is superelastic.
  • the present invention also relates to a ball game racket string, which consists at least in sections of a superelastic sheath enclosing a (preferably cylindrical) cavity.
  • Preferred superelastic alloys which are suitable for the ball game racket according to the invention are: NiTi, NiTiCr, NiTiFe, NiTiCo, NiTiCu, NiTiV, CuZnAl, CuAINi, FeNiAl, FeMnSi.
  • the invention is not limited to these materials, since in principle other (possibly not yet known) superelastic or pseudoelastic materials for the ball game racket according to the invention can be used.
  • the present invention is further directed to the use of a superelastic material as a string for a ball game racket, in particular for a tennis racket, a squash racket, a badminton racket or a racquetball racket.
  • a superelastic material as a string for a ball game racket, in particular for a tennis racket, a squash racket, a badminton racket or a racquetball racket.
  • the features discussed above as advantageous may be used.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the phase diagram of Nitinol.
  • Fig. 1 the stress-strain diagram for four nitinol strings is shown with different diameters. These are superelastic Nitinol S / BB with a transition temperature ("Austenite Start Temperature") As of -15 ° C.
  • the measurement of the stress-strain diagram was carried out at room temperature, as can be seen very clearly, there is a "stiff "austenitic region at tensions of about 100 to 500 MPa, where the Nitinolsaite behaves linearly.
  • a phase transition occurs in which the austenite transforms into martensite.
  • the expansion increases from just under 2% to more than 7%, without the tension having to be significantly increased.
  • a second linear region is present. This is "soft" martensite.
  • the nitinol string can be used like a conventional string, where the tensile rigidity either essentially corresponds to that of a natural string (soft martensite) or is significantly higher (stiff austenite).
  • a natural string soft martensite
  • stiff austenite a natural string
  • Such Nitinolsaite behaves so far as conventional Ballspieloeuvrersaiten, as in the marked area in each case the voltage increases in proportion to the elongation.
  • the nitinol string can also be used in the region of the phase transition, as will be explained below with reference to a schematic representation of the hysteresis in FIG.
  • Fig. 2 starting from an elongation of 0% with increasing elongation, the voltage initially increases linearly. If the beginning of the first phase transition, during which austenite transforms into martensite, is achieved at a voltage 6j, the stress remains substantially constant as the strain increases ( ⁇ ).
  • the clothing of the ball game racket according to the invention is now applied according to a preferred embodiment with a bias that is just below the voltage at which the second phase transition occurs, and the hysteresis curve is so narrow that the tensions typically occurring when playing the ball game racket within the string are, as that tensile stress at which the first phase transition occurs, so when playing the ball game racket, the hysteresis curve shown schematically in Fig. 2 can be completed.
  • the austenite is converted into martensite and extreme deformation of the clothing can occur.
  • the martensite is transformed back into austenite, so that the complete conversion can be run through again the next time the ball hits the clothing.
  • the strings according to the invention can be used as longitudinal and / or transverse strings.
  • the racket can only be covered with super-elastic strings or in combination with conventional strings made of nylon, polyester or natural casing.
  • Strings made of super-elastic materials such as nitinol can be produced, for example, by wire drawing (in the soft-annealed state). In principle, such strings can be produced by means of appropriate drawing tools round, square or in any other form. Nitinol can be coated with different plastics such as PTFE.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une raquette pour jeu de balle pourvue d'un cordage qui comprend au moins une corde constituée d'un matériau superélastique.
EP15800725.2A 2014-10-30 2015-10-28 Corde superélastique pour raquette Active EP3212817B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014016105.6A DE102014016105A1 (de) 2014-10-30 2014-10-30 Superelastische Schlägersaite
PCT/EP2015/075023 WO2016066706A1 (fr) 2014-10-30 2015-10-28 Corde superélastique pour raquette

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3212817A1 true EP3212817A1 (fr) 2017-09-06
EP3212817B1 EP3212817B1 (fr) 2020-08-19

Family

ID=54703927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15800725.2A Active EP3212817B1 (fr) 2014-10-30 2015-10-28 Corde superélastique pour raquette

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10195496B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3212817B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014016105A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2824168T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016066706A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014016105A1 (de) * 2014-10-30 2016-05-04 Head Technology Gmbh Superelastische Schlägersaite
DE102016123893A1 (de) 2016-12-08 2018-06-14 Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh T-Zellrezeptoren mit verbesserter Bindung
JP2021133084A (ja) * 2020-02-28 2021-09-13 住友ゴム工業株式会社 ラケット

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4505767A (en) 1983-10-14 1985-03-19 Raychem Corporation Nickel/titanium/vanadium shape memory alloy
US4909510A (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-03-20 Sahatjian Ronald A Sports racquet netting
AU3065292A (en) * 1991-11-07 1993-06-07 Ferrari Importing Company Sports racquet with hybrid stringing arrangement
EP0753080A1 (fr) 1994-03-31 1997-01-15 Petrus Antonius Besselink Procede de traitement d'alliage nickel-titane-niobium et articles fabriques dans cet alliage
WO1999020357A1 (fr) * 1997-10-20 1999-04-29 Schneider Terry L Articles de sport beneficiant d'un meilleur transfert de l'energie, d'un meilleur controle de la flexion et d'un amortissement des vibrations ameliore
US6270427B1 (en) * 1998-11-12 2001-08-07 J. Todd Derbin Golf ball with nickel-titanium wound core
US6057498A (en) 1999-01-28 2000-05-02 Barney; Jonathan A. Vibratory string for musical instrument
US6625848B1 (en) * 1999-10-12 2003-09-30 Terry L. Schneider Striking implement with improved energy storage and vibration dampening properties
US6916035B2 (en) * 2001-01-23 2005-07-12 Russell A. Houser Athletic devices and other devices with superelastic components
US7871343B2 (en) * 2004-11-01 2011-01-18 Blades Frederick K Tennis ball retriever
DE102014016105A1 (de) * 2014-10-30 2016-05-04 Head Technology Gmbh Superelastische Schlägersaite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016066706A1 (fr) 2016-05-06
US20170312589A1 (en) 2017-11-02
EP3212817B1 (fr) 2020-08-19
ES2824168T3 (es) 2021-05-11
US10195496B2 (en) 2019-02-05
DE102014016105A1 (de) 2016-05-04

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