EP3163173A1 - Glühkerze - Google Patents

Glühkerze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3163173A1
EP3163173A1 EP16192085.5A EP16192085A EP3163173A1 EP 3163173 A1 EP3163173 A1 EP 3163173A1 EP 16192085 A EP16192085 A EP 16192085A EP 3163173 A1 EP3163173 A1 EP 3163173A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
tube
amount
alloy
samples
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EP16192085.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Osamu Yoshimoto
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Niterra Co Ltd
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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Publication of EP3163173A1 publication Critical patent/EP3163173A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present specification relates to a glow plug used for internal combustion engines, etc.
  • One known conventional glow plug used to, for example, assist the start of an internal combustion engine uses a sheath heater.
  • One known sheath heater has a structure including a tube with a closed end, a heat-generating coil that is disposed inside the tube and generates heat when energized, and magnesia (MgO) that fills the space between the inner surface of the tube and the heat-generating coil (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
  • MgO magnesia
  • Patent Document 1 discloses, as the material of the tube of such a glow plug, an alloy containing 36 to 39% by weight of nickel, 20 to 23% by weight of chromium, and iron as main components and further containing 0 to 0.5% by weight of aluminum.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses, as the material of the tube of such a glow plug, an alloy containing more than 50% by weight of nickel, chromium, and iron as main components and further containing a small amount of aluminum (specifically, Ni-23Cr-14Fe-0.3Al-0.5Mn-0.2Si).
  • magnesia filling the tube becomes more likely to be reduced by aluminum contained in the tube.
  • magnesia inside the tube is reduced, conductive magnesium is generated inside the tube, and this may cause a short circuit between the tube and the heat-generating coil. Therefore, as the operating temperature increases, there arises a stronger need for suppression of the reduction of magnesia by aluminum, as well as resistance to oxidation.
  • the amount of aluminum is relatively low. Therefore, formation of short circuit between the tube and the heat-generating coil can be prevented by suppressing reduction of magnesia by aluminum.
  • the disclosed alloy may fail to have sufficient oxidation resistance.
  • the amount of nickel having high oxidation resistance is more than 50%, the amount of aluminum is relatively low, so that an aluminum oxide film is less likely to be formed on the surface of the alloy. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment.
  • the present specification discloses a technique that allows a glow plug to ensure oxidation resistance in a high temperature environment and simultaneously prevent occurrence of a short circuit between the tube and the heat-generating coil in the high temperature environment.
  • the formability of the tube can be improved with no deterioration in the oxidation resistance of the tube.
  • the technique disclosed in the present specification can be embodied in various modes.
  • the technique can be embodied as a sheath heater, a tube of the sheath heater, an alloy for the tube of the sheath heater, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a glow plug which is one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the glow plug 10 functions as a heat source for, for example, assisting the start of an unillustrated internal combustion engine (e.g., a diesel engine).
  • an axial line CL shown in FIG. 1 represents the center axis of the glow plug 10.
  • a direction parallel to the axial line CL is referred to also as an "axial direction.”
  • a first direction D1 and a second direction D2 are parallel to the axial line CL, and the second direction D2 is opposite the first direction D1.
  • a heater member 800 that generates heat when energized forms an end portion of the glow plug 10 on a first direction D1 side.
  • first direction D1 side is referred to also as a “forward end side”
  • second direction D2 side is referred to also as a “rear end side.”
  • An end of each of various components of the glow plug 10 on the first direction D1 side is referred to also as a "forward end”
  • an end on the second direction D2 side is referred to also as a "rear end.”
  • the glow plug 10 includes a metallic shell 20, a center rod 30, an O-ring 50, an insulating member 60, a terminal member 80, and the heater member 800.
  • the metallic shell 20 is a tubular member having a through hole 20x extending along the axial line CL and is formed using a conductive metallic material such as carbon steel.
  • the metallic shell 20 includes a tool engagement portion 28 formed at an end portion on the second direction D2 side, a male screw portion 22 formed on the first direction D1 side of the tool engagement portion 28, and a trunk portion 21 that forms a portion on the first direction D1 side of the male threaded portion 22.
  • the tool engagement portion 28 is to be engaged with an unillustrated tool when the glow plug 10 is attached or detached.
  • the male screw portion 22 includes a screw thread that is to be threadingly engaged with a female screw in a mounting hole of an unillustrated internal combustion engine.
  • the center rod 30 is a round bar-shaped member and is formed using a conductive metallic material such as stainless steel.
  • the center rod 30 is disposed inside the metallic shell 20, i.e., inside the through hole 20x.
  • a rear end portion 319 of the center rod 30 protrudes in the second direction D2 from an opening OP2 of the metallic shell 20 on the second direction D2 side.
  • a forward end portion of the center rod 30 is inserted into an axial hole AH of a tube 810 described later.
  • the O-ring 50 is an annular member and is formed using an electrically insulating elastic material such as rubber.
  • the O-ring 50 is disposed near the opening OP2 of the metallic shell 20 and located between the outer circumferential surface of the center rod 30 and the inner circumferential surface of the metallic shell 20 that forms the through hole 20x.
  • the insulating member 60 is formed using an electrically insulating material such as a resin.
  • the insulating member 60 includes a tubular portion 62 and a flange portion 68 disposed on the second direction D2 side of the tubular portion 62.
  • the tubular portion 62 is inserted into the through hole 20x through the opening OP2 of the metallic shell 20, and the forward end of the tubular portion 62 is in contact with the O-ring 50.
  • the center rod 30 is inserted into a through hole formed in the tubular portion 62.
  • the flange portion 68 is in contact with a rear end surface of the metallic shell 20.
  • the O-ring 50 and the insulating member 60 fix a rear end portion of the center rod 30 to the metallic shell 20 and electrically insulate the center rod 30 and the metallic shell 20 from each other.
  • the terminal member 80 is a cap-shaped member and is formed using a conductive metallic material such as nickel or a nickel alloy.
  • the terminal member 80 is disposed rearward of the metallic shell 20.
  • the flange portion 68 of the insulating member 60 is disposed between the terminal member 80 and the metallic shell 20 so as to electrically insulate the terminal member 80 and the metallic shell 20 from each other.
  • the rear end portion 319 of the center rod 30 is inserted into the terminal member 80.
  • the terminal member 80 is crimped, whereby the terminal member 80 is fixed to the rear end portion 319. In this manner, the terminal member 80 is electrically connected to the center rod 30.
  • the heater member 800 is press-fitted into a forward end portion of the metallic shell 20 (specifically into its opening OP1 on the first direction D1 side).
  • the heater member 800 is a so-called sheath heater including a heat-generating coil 820 that generates heat when energized.
  • Part of the heater member 800 on the second direction D2 side is press-fitted into the through hole 20x through the opening OP1 at the forward end of the through hole 20x.
  • the heater member 800 includes the heat-generating coil 820, a control coil 830, an insulating powder 840, a packing 850, and the tube 810 that contains these members 820, 830, 840, and 850.
  • the tube 810 is formed using an electrically conductive Ni-based alloy described later in detail.
  • the tube 810 is formed into a cylindrical shape extending along the axial line CL and having an axial hole AH extending along the axial line CL.
  • a forward end portion of the tube 810 (referred to as a “forward end portion 811 ”) is closed, and a rear end portion of the tube 810 (referred to as a “rear end portion 819”) is open.
  • the heat-generating coil 820 is a thin wire formed into a helical shape and is formed using tungsten in the present embodiment.
  • the heat-generating coil 820 is disposed inside the tube 810, specifically in a forward end portion of the axial hole AH of the tube 810.
  • a forward end portion 821 of the heat-generating coil 820 is welded or brazed to the forward end portion 811 of the tube 810 and thereby electrically connected thereto.
  • the control coil 830 is a thin wire formed into a helical shape and is formed using an iron-chromium-aluminum (Fe-Cr-Al) alloy in the present embodiment.
  • a temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity is the quotient of the difference in electrical resistivity between room temperature (20°C) and a prescribed temperature after heating (an estimated temperature reachable during heating, e.g., a temperature equal to or higher than 1,100°C) divided by the difference in temperature.
  • the control coil 830 is disposed inside the tube 810, specifically rearward of the heat-generating coil 820 within the axial hole AH of the tube 810.
  • a forward end portion 831 of the control coil 830 is welded or brazed to a rear end portion 829 of the heat-generating coil 820 and thereby electrically connected thereto.
  • a rear end portion 839 of the control coil 830 is wound around a forward end portion 321 of the center rod 30 inserted into the axial hole AH of the tube 810, welded to the forward end portion 321, and thereby electrically connected thereto.
  • the insulating powder 840 is magnesia (MgO, referred to also as magnesium oxide) powder and fills the inside of the tube 810, i.e., the axial hole AH of the tube 810. In other words, the insulating powder 840 fills the space between the inner surface (inner circumferential surface) of the tube 810 and the coils 820 and 830 and the space between the inner surface and the center rod 30.
  • MgO magnesia
  • the packing 850 is a member formed into a ring shape and is formed using an electrically insulating elastic material such as fluorocarbon rubber.
  • the packing 850 is disposed between the rear end portion 819 of the tube 810 and the center rod 30.
  • the packing 850 and the insulating powder 840 electrically insulate the tube 810 and the center rod 30 from each other over their entire circumferences around the axial line CL.
  • the insulating powder 840 prevents an unintended short circuit between the tube 810 and each of the heat-generating coil 820, the control coil 830, and the center rod 30.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a forward end of the heater member 800 and the vicinity thereof. Specifically, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing, on an enlarged scale, a portion of the heater member 800 within a region X shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the glow plug 10 is assumed to operate at relatively high temperature in order to reduce emissions from an internal combustion engine and improve its fuel economy.
  • the maximum value of the surface temperature of the tube 810 in the vicinity of its forward end is preferably 1,000°C or higher, more preferably 1,100°C or higher, and particularly preferably 1,200°C or higher.
  • the temperature of the heat-generating coil 820 becomes higher by 300°C or more than the surface temperature of the tube 810, the temperature of the heat-generating coil 820 reaches 1,300 to 1,500°C.
  • An oxidation reaction can easily proceed in such a high temperature environment. Therefore, the material of the tube 810 is required to have high oxidation resistance.
  • the reduction reaction of magnesia filling the tube 810 can easily proceed.
  • conductive magnesium is generated in the tube 810. The generated magnesium may cause electrical continuity between the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 at a position different from the forward end portion 821, i.e., may form a short circuit therebetween. If such a short circuit occurs, the glow plug 10 cannot exhibit its original performance.
  • the distance between the inner surface of the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 is set to be relatively small.
  • the distance between the inner surface of the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 takes a minimum value ⁇ Nt at a position close to the closed forward end of the tube 810, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the minimum value ⁇ Nt is preferably 0.5 mm or less, more preferably 0.3 mm or less, and particularly preferably 0.2 mm or less.
  • the glow plug 10 described above can be produced using various methods.
  • a producer produces the heater member 800
  • the producer subjects, for example, a metal plate made of an alloy described later to deep drawing into a tubular shape to thereby form the tube 810.
  • the producer welds the heat-generating coil 820 and the control coil 830 to each other and also welds the control coil 830 and the center rod 30 to each other to thereby integrate the heat-generating coil 820, the control coil 830, and the center rod 30.
  • the producer places the control coil 830 and the heat-generating coil 820 integrated with the center rod 30 inside the tube 810.
  • the producer welds the forward end portion 811 of the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 to each other.
  • arc welding is performed from the outside of the tube 810 to thereby join the forward end portion 811 of the tube 810 and the forward end portion 821 of the heat-generating coil 820 together. Then the producer fills the insulating powder 840 into the tube 810 and fits the packing 850 into the rear end of the tube 810 filled with the insulating powder 840.
  • the producer subjects the heater member 800 to swaging using a swaging machine having a chuck and rotary dies to thereby adjust the diameter of the heater member 800.
  • a swaging machine having a chuck and rotary dies to thereby adjust the diameter of the heater member 800.
  • the producer attaches the center rod 30 fixed to the heater member 800 to the chuck.
  • the rotary dies strike the periphery of the tube 810 while the heater member 800 is moved along the axial line CL by moving the chuck. In this manner, the diameter of the heater member 800 is adjusted to a prescribed diameter, and the heater member 800 is completed.
  • the producer assembles the glow plug 10 using the completed heater member 800. Specifically, the producer press-fits the heater member 800 with the center rod 30 fixed thereto into the through hole 20x of the metallic shell 20 to thereby fix the heater member 800. Then the producer fits the O-ring 50 and the insulating member 60 into the rear end opening OP2 of the metallic shell 20. Then the producer crimps the terminal member 80 to fix the terminal member 80 to the rear end portion 319 of the center rod 30.
  • the glow plug 10 is completed in the manner described above.
  • the material forming the tube 810 will be described.
  • the material of the tube 810 is an Ni-based alloy containing at least 50% by weight of nickel (Ni).
  • This alloy contains, as additives, chromium (Cr) in an amount of 18% by weight to 30% by weight and aluminum (Al).
  • the amount of aluminum (Al) is 1 % by weight or less.
  • This alloy further contains, as an additive, at least one component selected from yttrium (Y) and zirconium (Zr).
  • the total amount of the at least one component selected from yttrium (Y) and zirconium (Zr) is 0.01% by weight to 0.3% by weight.
  • the glow plug 10 can ensure oxidation resistance of the tube 810 in a high temperature environment and simultaneously prevents occurrence of a short circuit between the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 in the high temperature environment.
  • the material of the tube 810 is an Ni-based alloy containing at least 50% by weight of nickel.
  • the oxidation resistance of the Ni-based alloy is higher than that of, for example, an alloy containing less than 50% by weight of nickel, e.g., an Fe-based alloy composed mainly of iron (Fe).
  • an Fe-based alloy is used, the oxidation resistance of the base alloy is insufficient, so that sufficient oxidation resistance cannot be obtained even when the types and amounts of additives are controlled.
  • the Ni-based alloy contains at least 18% by weight of chromium, an adequate chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) film is formed on the surface of the alloy. This allows an improvement of the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
  • the standard free energy of formation ( ⁇ G 0 ) of alumina is sufficiently larger than the ⁇ G 0 of magnesia at relatively low temperature.
  • the difference in ⁇ G 0 between alumina and magnesia becomes smaller.
  • the ⁇ G 0 of alumina is lower than the ⁇ G 0 of magnesia. Therefore, the higher the temperature, the more likely magnesia is reduced by aluminum.
  • the amount of aluminum is 1 % by weight or less, so that the reduction of magnesia can be suppressed. Therefore, a problem with a short circuit between the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 through conductive magnesium generated by the reduction of magnesia can be prevented.
  • the amount of aluminum is 1 % by weight or less, the amount of an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) film formed on the surface of the alloy is small, so that the oxidation resistance can deteriorate.
  • the above alloy contains at least one component selected from yttrium and zirconium in a total amount of 0.01 % by weight or more. This can compensate for the deterioration in oxidation resistance caused by the decrease in the amount of the alumina film formed on the surface of the alloy, so that sufficient oxidation resistance can be ensured. The reason for this may be as follows.
  • Yttrium and zirconium are likely to concentrate at the interface between the surface of the alloy and the oxide film (such as the alumina or chromium oxide film) formed on the surface of the alloy and function as a tie that binds the alloy and the oxide film together at the interface. Therefore, the addition of a very small amount of yttrium or zirconium can enhance the binding between the alloy and the oxide film to thereby improve the oxidation resistance of the alloy.
  • the amount of the alumina film is particularly preferably from 0.5% by weight to 1% by weight.
  • the amount of chromium is 30% by weight or less, the alloy is not excessively hardened. Therefore, workability during production of the tube 810 does not deteriorate, and the tube 810 can be formed easily.
  • the total amount of the at least one component selected from yttrium and zirconium is 0.3% by weight or less. Only a minute amount of yttrium and zirconium can dissolve in solid nickel. Therefore, if the amount of yttrium and/or zirconium with respect to nickel is excessively large, a precipitate composed mainly of yttrium and/or zirconium may be formed, and cracking starting from the precipitate may occur during working. When the total amount of the at least one component selected from yttrium and zirconium is 0.3% by weight or less, cracking does not occur, and the tube 810 can be easily formed.
  • the alloy forming the tube 810 further contains at least one component selected from silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and manganese (Mn).
  • the total amount of the at least one component selected from silicon, titanium, and manganese is 0.2% by weight to 1.5% by weight.
  • silicon, titanium, and manganese are unlikely to reduce magnesia because the ⁇ G 0 s of their oxides are sufficiently larger than the ⁇ G 0 of magnesia even in a high temperature environment.
  • an oxide film e.g., a silica, titanium oxide, or manganese oxide film
  • a silica, titanium oxide, or manganese oxide film can be formed on the surface of the alloy by adding these components in a small amount.
  • the alloy used to form the tube 810 further contains at least one component selected from silicon, titanium, and manganese in a total amount of 0.2% by weight or more, the oxidation resistance of the tube 810 can be further improved without causing reduction of magnesia.
  • the alloy is not excessively hardened. In this case, the workability during production of the tube 810 is not reduced, and the tube 810 can be easily formed.
  • the alloy forming the tube 810 further contains iron (Fe) in an amount of 5% by weight to 20% by weight.
  • Iron has higher ductility than nickel and has high workability. Therefore, when the alloy used further contains 5% by weight or more of iron, the formability of the alloy can be improved, so that the tube 810 can be easily formed. When the amount of iron is 20% by weight or less, the oxidation resistance of the alloy does not deteriorate. Therefore, the formability of the alloy can be improved without deterioration in the oxidation resistance of the tube 810, so that the tube can be formed more easily.
  • Evaluation tests for evaluating insulation, oxidation resistance, and workability were performed using glow plug samples.
  • 39 types of glow plug samples 1 to 39 shown in Table 1 were produced.
  • Each of the samples has the same structure as the glow plug 10 described above, except for the material (alloy) forming the tube 810.
  • the structure is the same among all the samples. For example, the following features are the same for all the samples.
  • the 39 types of samples 1 to 39 different alloys are used for their tubes 810.
  • the materials used in the samples are nickel-based alloys each containing at least some of additive elements (Fe, Cr, Al, Si, Mn, Ti, Y, and Zr) shown in Table 1 in amounts shown in Table 1 (unit: % by weight) with the balance being nickel.
  • the 39 types of samples 1 to 39 are different in at least one of the types of the additive elements and their contents, as shown in Table 1. In all the 39 types of samples 1 to 39, the amount of nickel is 50% by weight or more.
  • the alloys contain iron.
  • the alloy contains no iron.
  • the amount of iron is any of 2% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 14% by weight, 20% by weight, and 25% by weight.
  • the alloys contain chromium, and the amount of chromium is any of 15% by weight, 18% by weight, 23% by weight, 30% by weight, and 33% by weight.
  • the alloys contain aluminum, and the amount of aluminum is any of 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, 1.1% by weight, 1.5% by weight, and 2.5% by weight.
  • the alloys contain any of silicon, manganese, and titanium.
  • the amount of silicon is any of 0.1 % by weight, 0.2% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1.5% by weight, and 2% by weight.
  • samples 28 to 30 containing manganese the amount of manganese is any of 0.2% by weight, 1.5% by weight, and 2% by weight.
  • samples 31 to 33 containing titanium the amount of titanium is any of 0.2% by weight, 1.5% by weight, and 2% by weight.
  • the alloys In samples 1 and 5 to 8, the alloys contain no yttrium and no zirconium. In samples 2 to 4 and 9 to 39, the alloys contain at least one of yttrium and zirconium. In samples 2 to 4,9 to 16, and 23 to 39 containing yttrium, the amount of yttrium is any of 0.01% by weight, 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.3% by weight, and 0.4% by weight. In samples 2 to 4 and 17 to 24 containing zirconium, the amount of zirconium is any of 0.01% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.3% by weight, and 0.4% by weight.
  • a thermal test was performed, in which each sample of the glow plug 10 was repeatedly subjected to a heating-cooling cycle 10,000 times. Specifically, in each cycle, the sample of the glow plug 10 with the tube 810 being at room temperature (about 25°C) was energized to heat the sample such that the surface temperature of the tube 810 reached 1,000°C within 2 seconds. Then the surface temperature of the tube 810 was maintained at 1,050°C for 3 minutes. Then the sample was deenergized to cool the sample until the surface temperature of the tube 810 became room temperature.
  • the occurrence of a short circuit between the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820 in the heater member 800 was checked after the thermal test. Specifically, for each of the samples, the resistance value between the terminal member 80 and the metallic shell 20 was measured. When the resistance after the test was smaller than that before the test by a reference value, a judgment was made that a short circuit occurred between the tube 810 and the heat-generating coil 820. When the resistance after the test was not smaller than that before the test by the reference value, a judgment was made that no short circuit occurred.
  • the degree of deterioration of the tube 810 of the heater member 800 of each sample was examined. Specifically, the outer diameter of the tube 810 at a position located at a prescribed length L1 from the forward end in the axial direction (see FIG. 2 ) was measured before and after the thermal test to determine a decrease in the outer diameter by the thermal test.
  • the prescribed length L1 was set to 5 mm. The measured decrease in the outer diameter was used to compute the rate of decrease in the wall thickness of the tube 810.
  • the oxidation resistance of a sample in which the rate of decrease in the wall thickness of the tube 810 was less than 10% was rated "A.”
  • the oxidation resistance of a sample in which the rate of decrease in the wall thickness was 10% or more and less than 15% was rated "B,” and the oxidation resistance of a sample in which the rate of decrease in the wall thickness was 15% or more was rated "C.”
  • a 0.6 mm-thick plate formed from one of the alloys in the samples was subjected to deep drawing to form a tube 810 having an outer diameter of 5.15 mm and an axial length of 40 mm, and this process was repeated 100 times.
  • One hundred non-swaged tubes 810 were thereby produced for each sample.
  • the presence or absence of cracking caused by deep drawing was visually checked.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "B," irrespective of whether or not yttrium and zirconium were added. This may be because, since an adequate alumina film was formed, the oxidation resistance was ensured irrespective of whether or not yttrium and zirconium were added.
  • samples 6 to 39 in which the amount of aluminum was 1% by weight or less samples 6 to 8 contained no yttrium and no zirconium.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "C.” This may be because, since the amount of aluminum was small, an adequate alumina film was not formed and because the binding between the surface of the alloy and an oxide film (e.g., the film of alumina or chromium oxide) was not enhanced by yttrium or zirconium.
  • samples 9 to 39 contained at least one of yttrium and zirconium in a total amount of 0.01 % by weight or more.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "B" or "A.” This may be because of the following. Since the amount of aluminum was small, an adequate alumina film was not formed. However, the binding between the surface of the alloy and the oxide film was enhanced by yttrium or zirconium, and this compensated for the deterioration in oxidation resistance caused by the inadequate formation of the alumina film. Therefore, in samples 9 to 39 except for sample 10, no deterioration in oxidation resistance occurred.
  • sample 10 had oxidation resistance rated "C.” This may be because of the following. Although at least one of yttrium and zirconium was contained in a total amount of 0.01% by weight or more, an adequate chromium oxide film was not formed because the amount of chromium was 15% by weight.
  • the nickel-based alloy containing 50% by weight or more of nickel and used to form the tube 810 satisfies (1) to (3) below.
  • Samples 9 and 11 to 39 satisfy the above (1) to (3). However, in the case of sample 16 containing more than 0.3% by weight of yttrium and sample 22 containing more than 0.3% by weight of zirconium, the workability was rated “B.” Among samples 9 and 11 to 39, samples 9, 11 to 15, 17 to 21, and 23 to 39 contained yttrium and/or zirconium in a total amount of 0.3% by weight or less. In the case of these samples 9, 11 to 15, 17 to 21, and 23 to 39 except for samples 14, 27, 30, and 33 to 35 described later, the workability was rated "A.” This may be because, since the amount of yttrium or zirconium was large in samples 16 and 22, the alloys were hardened.
  • sample 14 contained more than 30% by weight of chromium.
  • the workability was rated “B.”
  • samples 9 and 11 to 39 samples 9,11 to 13, and 15 to 39 contained chromium in an amount of 30% by weight or less.
  • the workability was rated "A.” This may be because, since the amount of chromium in sample 14 was large, the alloy was hardened.
  • the alloy used to form the tube 810 further satisfies (4) and (5) below.
  • samples 9 and 11 to 39 satisfying the above (1) to (3) contained 0.2% by weight or more of silicon, samples 28 to 30 contained 0.2% by weight or more of manganese, and samples 31 to 33 contained 0.2% by weight or more of titanium.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "A.”
  • samples 9 and 11 to 39 satisfying the above (1) to (3) samples 9 and 11 to 24 contained silicon, titanium, and manganese in an amount of less than 0.2% by weight.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "B.”
  • samples 31 to 38 the oxidation resistance was improved.
  • sample 27 contained more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
  • sample 30 contained more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
  • sample 33 contained more than 1.5% by weight of titanium.
  • the workability was rated “B.”
  • samples 25 to 39 samples 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34 to 39 contained silicon, manganese, and titanium in an amount of 1.5% by weight or less.
  • the workability was rated "A.” This may be because, since the amount of silicon, manganese, or titanium was large in samples 27,30, and 33, the alloys were hardened.
  • the alloy used to form the tube 810 satisfies (7) below.
  • samples 34 and 35 contained iron in an amount of less than 5% by weight. In the case of these samples 34 and 35, the workability was rated "B.”
  • samples 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, and 34 to 39 satisfying the above (1) to (7) samples 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, and 36 to 39 contained iron in an amount of 5% by weight or more. In the case of these samples, the workability was rated "A.” This may be because, when the amount of iron in an alloy is 5% by weight or more, the ductility of the alloy is improved, so that the workability is improved.
  • samples 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, and 34 to 39 satisfying the above (1) to (7) contained iron in an amount of 20% by weight or less.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "A.”
  • sample 39 contained iron in an amount of more than 20% by weight.
  • the oxidation resistance was rated "B.” This indicates the following. When the amount of iron in an alloy exceeds 20% by weight, the oxidation resistance of the alloy can deteriorate because of the influence of iron inferior in oxidation resistance. However, when the amount of iron is less than 20% by weight, no deterioration in oxidation resistance occurs.
  • the alloy used to form the tube 810 further satisfies (8) below.
  • the alloy used to form the tube 810 satisfies the above (1) to (5).
  • samples 9, 11 to 13, 15, 17 to 21, and 23 to 39 satisfying at least the above (1) to (5) samples 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, and 36 to 38 further satisfy (6) to (8).
  • the overall rating was "A.”
  • the alloy used to form the tube 810 further satisfies (6) to (8).
  • (6) in terms of oxidation resistance, it is particularly preferable to satisfy (6).
  • workability it is preferable to further satisfy any of (7) and (8).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP16192085.5A 2015-10-30 2016-10-03 Glühkerze Withdrawn EP3163173A1 (de)

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DE102018214719A1 (de) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 AUDI HUNGARIA Zrt. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen sowie Herstellen einer ein Keramikheizelement aufweisenden Glühstiftkerze

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JP7018265B2 (ja) * 2017-05-19 2022-02-10 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP2019020050A (ja) * 2017-07-18 2019-02-07 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ
JP7045161B2 (ja) * 2017-10-11 2022-03-31 日本特殊陶業株式会社 グロープラグ

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06264169A (ja) * 1992-12-11 1994-09-20 Inco Alloys Ltd 高耐熱および耐食性Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ合金
EP2410243A2 (de) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-25 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glühstiftkerze
WO2014206847A1 (de) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glührohr für eine regelbare glühstiftkerze

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015155790A (ja) * 2014-01-15 2015-08-27 日本特殊陶業株式会社 シースヒータ、グロープラグ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06264169A (ja) * 1992-12-11 1994-09-20 Inco Alloys Ltd 高耐熱および耐食性Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ合金
EP2410243A2 (de) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-25 NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Glühstiftkerze
WO2014206847A1 (de) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glührohr für eine regelbare glühstiftkerze

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018214719A1 (de) * 2018-08-30 2020-03-05 AUDI HUNGARIA Zrt. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen sowie Herstellen einer ein Keramikheizelement aufweisenden Glühstiftkerze
DE102018214719B4 (de) 2018-08-30 2020-06-18 AUDI HUNGARIA Zrt. Verfahren zum Überprüfen sowie Herstellen einer ein Keramikheizelement aufweisenden Glühstiftkerze

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