EP3036448A2 - Surface de glissement, outil et methode pour produire cette surface de glissement - Google Patents

Surface de glissement, outil et methode pour produire cette surface de glissement

Info

Publication number
EP3036448A2
EP3036448A2 EP14753259.2A EP14753259A EP3036448A2 EP 3036448 A2 EP3036448 A2 EP 3036448A2 EP 14753259 A EP14753259 A EP 14753259A EP 3036448 A2 EP3036448 A2 EP 3036448A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roughness
recesses
tool
sliding
better
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14753259.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Grützmacher
Emanuel GROß
Wolfgang Hafner
Matthias Weber
Jürgen REINGEN
Leo Schreiber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Original Assignee
MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen filed Critical MAG IAS GmbH Eislingen
Publication of EP3036448A2 publication Critical patent/EP3036448A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
    • B23H9/008—Surface roughening or texturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/102—Construction relative to lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/02—Crankshaft bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H2200/00—Specific machining processes or workpieces
    • B23H2200/10—Specific machining processes or workpieces for making bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H2300/00—Power source circuits or energization
    • B23H2300/10—Pulsed electrochemical machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00—Shaping
    • F16C2220/60—Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining
    • F16C2220/68—Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining by electrical discharge or electrochemical machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/02—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing
    • F16C2223/06—Mechanical treatment, e.g. finishing polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/54—Surface roughness

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sliding surface of a sliding pair, in particular the plain bearing surface of a radial bearing, in particular the bearing points of a crankshaft in an internal combustion engine, on the one hand with respect to the engine block and on the other hand with respect to the connecting rods.
  • the corresponding structuring of the sliding surfaces is achieved by special processing steps such as grinding, finishing or honing, whereby, however, the specific arrangement of the depressions can not be specified, and also the scattering with respect to the size, in particular the depth, of these depressions is relatively large. Above all, the result of the structuring also depends heavily on the experience of the executing person.
  • ECM electrochemical erosion
  • three-dimensional surfaces are produced, for example, the recesses described in introduced into surfaces, usually only a removal of a maximum of 30 ⁇ with this method is economically reasonable.
  • crankshafts as workpieces
  • crankshafts for passenger car engines with high numbers of cylinders it is added that during machining they are unstable and thus difficult to position and also difficult to machine during structuring workpieces.
  • Diameter deviation maximum deviation from the specified nominal diameter of the trunnion
  • Roundness macroscopic deviation from the circular nominal contour of the bearing journal, indicated by the distance of the outer and inner enveloping circle,
  • Concentricity radial dimensional deviation with rotating workpiece, caused by an eccentricity of the rotating bearing point and / or a shape deviation of the bearing of the ideal circular shape, roughness in the form of the average single roughness
  • Rz the microscopic roughness of the surface of the bearing point representing value in the form of the sum the height of the highest profile peak and the depth of the deepest valley, averaged over five individual measuring distances
  • Ra arithmetic mean of the magnitudes of the coordinate value of the roughness profile within a single measurement path
  • - Stroke deviation dimensional deviation of the actual stroke (distance between the actual center of the journal bearing pin from the actual center of the center bearing), the target stroke and
  • Angular deviation in degrees or as a stroke-related measure of length in the circumferential direction specified deviation of the actual angular position of the pin bearing pin from its desired angular position relative to
  • the object is achieved by the roughness Rz is reduced in the structured area in the entire spaces between the wells over the roughness Rz in the non-structured areas of the sliding surface.
  • the areas between the recesses in the structured area should have a roughness R a of max. 0.2 ⁇ and / or a roughness R pk of max. 0.16 m.
  • the roughness Rz in the area between the recesses of the structured area should be at least 10%, better at least 20%, better at least 30% lower, than in the unstructured area. It has proven to be favorable that given in absolute values, the roughness Rz in the region between the depressions of the structured region is less than the depth of the depressions there, in particular less than 5 ⁇ , better less than 4 ⁇ , better less than 2 ⁇ .
  • the carrying proportion in the region between the depressions of the structured region should preferably be at least 50%, better at least 75%.
  • the roughness Rz should either increase or decrease between the wells with increasing distance from the wells, depending on the distance between two adjacent wells:
  • the roughness Rz between the recesses increases with increasing distance from the recesses. The low roughness in the surrounding area of the recesses is then sufficient to effect the desired reduction in friction.
  • the roughness Rz between the wells should decrease with increasing distance from the wells. Because of the small distance in this case in the entire space between the wells the required low roughness for minimizing the sliding friction is necessary.
  • the tips of the microscopic surface profile removed by the reduction of the roughness Rz should each yield a convexly curved surface, preferably giving a hemispherical curve, so that no level plateau of the worn tip is more present. As a result, the sliding friction is also kept low.
  • the object is achieved in that the elevations on the effective surface of the tool have an at least a factor of 2, better at least a factor of 3, better at least a factor of 5, greater height as the depth of the wells to be made with it.
  • the surface of the tool should have a roughness Ra in the region between the elevations which amounts to a maximum of 200%, better only a maximum of 50%, better still only a maximum of 20% of the roughness Ra of the surface to be produced at the corresponding point.
  • the object according to the invention is achieved by carrying out a roughness-reducing material removal in the structured area in the surface areas between the depressions, namely by the same method and in particular in the same working step as the introduction of the depressions.
  • the structuring and introduction of the recesses is preferably carried out by means of electrochemical removal, in particular pulsating electrochemical removal.
  • the aim of the method is that in the structured area in the entire intermediate area between the depressions a material removal of the surface takes place and in particular the roughness Rz is at least 10%, better at least 20%, better at least 30% less than in the non-structured area ,
  • the manufacturing parameters are chosen accordingly, ie - the height of the elevations of the tool relative to the depth of the wells to be produced
  • the structuring is carried out by introducing depressions and material removal between the depressions immediately after the grinding, so that the step of finishing in the structured region can be completely eliminated.
  • FIG. 1a shows a plan view of a structured region of a sliding surface
  • FIG. 1 b the enlarged view of a bearing point of a crankshaft
  • FIG. 2 a section through depressions in the sliding surface
  • Figure 3 an enlarged view of the tool in use on the
  • the friction in a hydrodynamic plain bearing in which between the two sliding surfaces of the sliding pair is a lubricant, usually oil, which is distributed by the relative movement of the sliding surfaces to each other over the sliding surface and forms a sliding film in the bearing gap, friction can be reduced when in The sliding surface 1 distributes many microscopically small, in this case viewed in plan view, recesses 27, as shown in FIG. 1 a in the plan view of a sliding surface 1.
  • a lubricant usually oil
  • 1b shows, as a typical application of such a structured sliding surface 1, a bearing point of a crankshaft 2, in which recesses 27 are usually introduced only in a structured area 11, namely borrowed a peripheral region 11a and usually only a certain width range 11b of the total width 12 of the bearing 1.
  • ECM electro-chemical manufacturing
  • an electrode which usually represents the negative shape of the sliding surface 1 to be produced, ie has elevations 26 on its active surface, is brought into the sliding surface 1 to be machined at a very close distance of a few ⁇ m.
  • the electrolyte in the working gap 3, metal ions are dissolved out of the surface of the workpiece and the elevations 26 of the tool 25 form as depressions 27 on the surface 1 of the workpiece 2 from.
  • the area fraction of the depressions within the structured area should be in the range of 15% to 40%.
  • the area fraction of the interspaces 5 between the depressions 27 in the structured region is therefore significantly larger than the area fraction of the depressions 27.
  • the friction-reducing effect of the recesses 27 stems from the depot effect for the lubricant, by virtue of the plurality of recesses 27, which have a small absolute distance from each other, especially at the beginning of the relative movement in the sliding bearing, the lubricant pulled out of the recess 27 and in the Interspaces 5 is distributed between the recesses 27 in the bearing gap.
  • at least the edge 9 of the recess through which the lubricant is pulled out during operation of the sliding bearing formed obliquely.
  • all flanks 9 designed the same and have a rounding 8 at the transition to the spaces 5 on.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possibility, as can be achieved by appropriate design of the tool 25 for the electrochemical removal:
  • the projections 26 formed on the active surface 24 of the tool 25, which are intended to image as recesses 27 in the surface of the workpiece 2, have a substantially greater height h than the depth t of the recesses 27 to be produced therewith.
  • the removal of material in this area can be adjusted so that only the tips of the microscopic surface profile of the surface of the workpiece 2 are removed, so in particular the abraded tips a convex, in particular semi-spherical, contour thus form according to the enlarged view in Figure 2 of Traganteil is increased and the roughness Rz and / or Ra is reduced.
  • the current flow between the tool 25 and workpiece 2 is not only exactly perpendicular to the macroscopic contact plane between the two parts, but from the corners of the elevations 26 of the current flows also directed perpendicular to the surface of the tool 25, for example, their elevations 26, in the form my so-called stray field 29, and thus reaches the surface of the workpiece 2 even in the edge regions 6 of the intermediate spaces 5, as shown in Figure 2 in the right half of the picture. Since the distances 21 between the recesses 27 - as shown in Figure 1a, but are usually a multiple of the diameter of the recesses 27, thereby not the entire surface of the interstices 5 is processed.
  • the microscopic structure of the surface of the tool 25 taking into account the given imaging accuracy, also corresponds to predetermined parameters with respect to roughness and bearing component, especially in the region between the elevations 26, as shown in FIG.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

Pour réduire l'usure d'un palier à glissement (1), un procédé connu consiste à structurer la surface de glissement (1) par usinage électrochimique de sorte qu'une pluralité de cavités (27) microscopiques sont ménagées. Selon l'invention, les espaces intermédiaires (6) entre les cavités (27) sont également lissés, en particulier au cours de la même étape, de sorte que les pointes du profil de surface sont enlevées.
EP14753259.2A 2013-08-21 2014-08-21 Surface de glissement, outil et methode pour produire cette surface de glissement Withdrawn EP3036448A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013109025.7A DE102013109025A1 (de) 2013-08-21 2013-08-21 Gleitfläche
PCT/EP2014/067839 WO2015025004A2 (fr) 2013-08-21 2014-08-21 Surface de glissement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3036448A2 true EP3036448A2 (fr) 2016-06-29

Family

ID=51390120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14753259.2A Withdrawn EP3036448A2 (fr) 2013-08-21 2014-08-21 Surface de glissement, outil et methode pour produire cette surface de glissement

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9926968B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3036448A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016532835A (fr)
KR (1) KR20160046805A (fr)
CN (1) CN105451921A (fr)
DE (1) DE102013109025A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2016001496A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015025004A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20160046805A (ko) 2016-04-29
DE102013109025A1 (de) 2015-02-26
MX2016001496A (es) 2016-06-23
WO2015025004A3 (fr) 2015-07-16
US9926968B2 (en) 2018-03-27
CN105451921A (zh) 2016-03-30
WO2015025004A2 (fr) 2015-02-26
JP2016532835A (ja) 2016-10-20
US20160273576A1 (en) 2016-09-22

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