EP3004209A1 - Ringöffnende laurinlactam-polymerisation mit latenten initiatoren - Google Patents
Ringöffnende laurinlactam-polymerisation mit latenten initiatorenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3004209A1 EP3004209A1 EP14726001.2A EP14726001A EP3004209A1 EP 3004209 A1 EP3004209 A1 EP 3004209A1 EP 14726001 A EP14726001 A EP 14726001A EP 3004209 A1 EP3004209 A1 EP 3004209A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- laurolactam
- protected
- radical
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/003—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
- B29C39/006—Monomers or prepolymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/08—Lactones or lactides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/16—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/18—Anionic polymerisation
- C08G69/20—Anionic polymerisation characterised by the catalysts used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2077/10—Aromatic polyamides [polyaramides] or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel, rapid initiation mechanism for the anionic, ring-opening polymerization of laurolactam by means of latent initiators based on thermally activatable N-heterocyclic carbene compounds, in particular N-heterocyclic carbene-C0 2 or carbene metal compounds (US Pat. NHC).
- N-heterocyclic carbene compounds in particular N-heterocyclic carbene-C0 2 or carbene metal compounds (US Pat. NHC).
- M w molecular weights
- the polymerizations can be carried out both in bulk and in solution in a suitable solvent. Compounds of this type are thermally latent and initiate upon heating
- Polydispersity and molecular weight of Polylaurinlactams can be adjusted by selecting the initiator and the reaction conditions.
- the polymerization of lactams is usually carried out by means of an anionic
- the initiators used are bases or Lewis bases.
- metal alkyls, amines, phosphines or alkoxides are suitable.
- alcoholates are used for the anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactams.
- cationic ring-opening polymerization is also suitable. This can be initiated with protic acids, Lewis acids or alkylating agents. Overall, however, the cationic polymerization tends to side reactions, such as transesterification or cyclization. Thus, the achievable molecular weight compared to an anionic ROP is significantly reduced.
- N-heterocyclic carbenes have long been known as initiators of the silyl initiators in a group transfer polymerization (GTP) (see Raynaud et al.
- N-heterocyclic carbenes are known as initiators in a step-growth polymerisation of terephthalaldehyde (see Pionaud et al., Macromolecules, 2009, 42, p.4932).
- Zhang et al. Angew.Chem.Int.Ed., 2010 49, S.10158 discloses NHC as a Lewis base, in combination with Lewis acids such as NHC'AI (C 6 F 5) 3 or NHC "BF 3. This combination is suitable as an initiator for MMA.
- Kamber et al. (Macromolecules 2009, 42, p.1634-1639) describe substituted imidazoles as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) for the initiation of an ROP of ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the polymerization takes place with high activity even at room temperature.
- Nyce et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, pp. 3046-3056
- Shion et al. (Macromolecules, 201 1, 44, p.2773-2779) describe the same method with imidazole ylidenes. These zwitterions lead - also at room temperature - to polymers with significantly higher molecular weights.
- Object of the present invention against the background of the discussed prior art was to provide new latent initiators for the polymerization of laurolactam available.
- the polymerization should be able to be started in a controlled manner and, at the same time, be quick and easy to carry out after the initiation has taken place.
- the compounds used as latent initiators should in themselves be storage-stable and light, as well as safely tradable.
- a mixture of the initiators and laurolactam should be so stable in storage that without problems a fabric or knits can be soaked with it and then by activation of the polymerization of the impregnated fabrics or crocheted a composite material can be produced.
- the object is to produce copolymers of laurolactam and other lactams and / or lactones by means of a suitable initiating mechanism.
- the tasks are solved by a novel method for initiating a
- the monomers or the monomer solution are mixed with a protected N-heterocyclic carbene and the polymerization is started by raising the temperature to a starting temperature which is at least 60 ° C., preferably at least 80 ° C.
- the starting temperature is above the melting temperature of the monomer mixture. This melting temperature can be easily determined by the skilled person.
- Pure laurolactam has a melting temperature of about 150 ° C.
- the polymerization is started in bulk at a temperature between 150 ° C and 220 ° C.
- Inventive initiators are characterized in particular by the fact that they show little or no activity at a lower temperature, in particular at room temperature, and thus a mixture of the initiators and the laurolactam is storage-stable.
- "Little activity" in this context means that in a mixture of the laurolactam and the initiator over a period of 20 h at room temperature to a maximum of 5% conversion of the monomers.
- protected N-heterocyclic carbenes having a pKa of at least 24, preferably between 24 and 30 are suitable. Less basic protected N-heterocyclic carbenes have little or no initiator activity.
- the pKa value refers to a value at 25 ° C. in anhydrous DMSO.
- initiation temperature depends on the particular initiator, i. from the carbene and the protective group used and is in a particular case easy for a specialist to determine.
- the fibrous supports may consist, for example, of glass, carbon, plastics such as polyamide (aramid) or polyester, natural fibers or mineral fiber materials such as basalt fibers or ceramic fibers.
- the fibers preferably form a textile fabric made of fleece,
- Knitted fabric knitted or knitted fabrics, non-meshed packages such as fabrics, scrims or braids. But the fibers can also simply be present as long fiber or short fiber material.
- This method is suitable for the polymerization of laurolactam. Mixtures of laurolactam and other lactams and / or lactones can with the
- inventive methods are polymerized.
- the protected N-heterocyclic carbene is a compound having one of the two formulas (I) or
- R- 1 is a CH 2 -, C 2 H 4 -, C 3 H 6 - or a corresponding substituted radical.
- R 2 and R 3 may be identical or in each case different from each other.
- R 2 or R 3 is preferably a cyclic, branched or linear, optionally heteroatom-containing alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a
- R 4 and R 5 may be identical or different from each other.
- R 4 or R 5 is preferably hydrogen, a cyclic, branched or linear, optionally heteroatom
- X represents C0 2 , CS 2 , Zn, Bi, Sn or Mg, wherein the listed metals are representative of different metal compounds.
- the metallic protective groups are ZnX ' 2 , BiX' 3 , SnX ' 2 or MgX' 2 , where X 'is a halogen or a pseudohalogen, preferably Cl.
- the metallic protective groups can have further, coordinated molecules, such as, for example, a solvent molecule, in particular tetrahydrofuran (thf).
- Carbenes with one of these X groups are storage stable and easy to use and safe to use. Preference is given to carboxylates (CO 2 protective group) or dithionates (CS 2 protective group), since the polymerization can be carried out with these compounds without metal.
- Initiators are in particular imidazole, imidazoline, tetrahydropyrimidine and diazepine.
- the protected N-heterocyclic carbene may be a compound having one of the two formulas (III) or (IV)
- the pKa values are within the limit of the carbenes which can be used according to the invention.
- the basicity of the compounds depends on the substituents R 2 to R 5 , in particular of R 2 and R 3 . Whether a compound is suitable must therefore be determined in advance by determining the pKa value at 25 ° C in anhydrous DMSO.
- R-1 in turn represents a CH 2 -, C 2 H 4 -, C 3 H 6 - or a corresponding
- R 2 and R 3 can also be identical or in each case again
- R 4 and R 5 may be identical or in each case different from one another.
- R 4 or R 5 is preferably hydrogen, a cyclic, branched or linear, optionally heteroatom-containing alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical.
- the protective group Y may be a CF 3 , C 6 F 4 , C 6 F 5 , CCI 3 or OR 4 radical, with R 4 as an alkyl radical of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the compounds (II I) and (IV) may also be N-heterocyclic carbenes with a metallic protective group of Zn, Bi, Sn or Mg.
- the listed metals are representative of different metal compounds.
- the metallic protective groups are ZnX ' 2 , BiX' 3 , SnX ' 2 or MgX' 2 , where X 'is a halogen or a pseudohalogen, preferably Cl.
- the metallic protecting groups may contain other coordinated molecules, e.g. a solvent molecule such as in particular tetrahydrofuran (thf) have.
- a solvent molecule such as in particular tetrahydrofuran (thf) have.
- N-heterocyclic carbenes of the formula (I) having a six-membered ring, ie R 1 is a (CH 2 ) 2 group are 1,3-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidinium-2-carboxylate (1), 1, 3 Diisopropyltetrahydropyrimidinium 2-carboxylate (2), 1, 3-bis (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) tetrahydropyrimidinium-2-carboxylate (3), 1, 3-bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) tetrahydropyrimidinium-2 -carboxylate (4), 1,3-biscyclohexyltetrahydropyrimidinium-2-carboxylate (12), 1,3-bis (4-heptyl) -
- Examples of formula (I) with a seven-membered ring, ie in the case of R 1 is a (CH 2 ) 3 group, are 1, 3-bis (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) tetrahydro- [1, 3] - diazepinium 2-carboxylate (10) and 1, 3-bis (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) tetrahydro [1,3] -diazepinium-2-carboxylate (11):
- Examples of compounds according to formula (II) are 1,3-diisopropylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (5), 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (6), 1,3-dicyclohexylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (7), 1, 3-Bis (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) imidazolium-2-carboxylate (8) and 1,3-adamantylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (9):
- Cy is a cyclohexyl group and Ad is an adamantyl group.
- Ad is an adamantyl group.
- the basicity depends very much on the respective substituents. While compound (6) initiates a high conversion polymerization at 180 ° C, compound (5) is unsuitable under the same conditions.
- initiators of the formula (I) where R 1 is CH 2 are 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazolinium-2-carboxylate (14) and 1,3-di- (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) -imidazolinium-2 carboxylate (14a):
- the monounsaturated five-membered rings of compounds (14) and (14a) have sufficient basicity and are suitable as initiators for the laurolactam polymerization.
- metal-protected N-heterocyclic carbenes are the compounds (16) to
- the metal-protected N-heterocyclic carbenes may also be present in a dimeric form.
- An example of this is compound (20):
- Deprotonation is then preferably carried out with a strong, sterically hindered base, such as potassium hexamethyldisilizane (KHMDS) in a solvent such as THF.
- KHMDS potassium hexamethyldisilizane
- THF a solvent
- Et 2 for example.
- C0 2 or another protecting group such as SnCl 2 is added.
- Further subsequent filtration in, for example, diethyl ether and drying in vacuo allows the synthesis of clean target compounds, so that often no longer has to be recrystallized.
- the polymerization can take place very rapidly at relatively low temperatures of, for example, 180 ° C., depending on the choice of the protected N-heterocyclic carbene.
- 180 ° C. an 80% conversion of the monomers is possible even at t 50 ⁇ 50 min.
- the polymerization solutions or else a pure monomer mixture containing the N-heterocyclic carbene can be combined in such a way that they do not cause any polymerization at room temperature for several hours.
- a major advantage of the present invention is thus the latency of the polymerization.
- reaction mixtures can be prepared and started controlled at any time by a simple increase in temperature.
- the mixtures can be mixed outside a reaction vessel and transferred to a reaction vessel for pure polymerization only.
- a continuous polymerization with continuous addition of the reaction mixture in a tube or loop reactor or an extruder or kneader can be carried out.
- the polymerization can be optimized so that a nearly quantitative conversion of the monomers takes place. This is both in solution as well as in one
- the molecular weights of the polymers can be adjusted in a broad spectrum.
- polymers with one determined by means of a GPC measurement against a polystyrene standard are particularly preferred.
- Cast polyamides are usually particularly high molecular weight polyamides.
- the production is purely chemical and usually without pressure.
- the monomeric raw materials containing laurolactam are polymerized under heat to the polyamide. To do this
- Cast polyamides are in particular the toughness with high hardness, a good abrasion resistance, a good damping capacity and the further easy processability of these materials. This is especially true for a cast polyamide 12 made from laurolactam. Typical applications for this material are large machine elements, e.g. Bearings,
- the polymerization was carried out using laurolactam, the initiator, if appropriate benzyl alcohol and, if appropriate, a solvent, e.g. DMSO, DMF or toluene, weighed together in a glove box under argon atmosphere.
- the laurolactam was used in technical grade (98% purity) without any special purification.
- dried DMSO was used as the solvent and a Schlenk flask as the reaction vessel. After the reaction time was stopped by the addition of m-cresol and the product dissolved at a temperature of 190 ° C in m-cresol. Subsequently, the product was precipitated from a now cooled solution in acetone, filtered off and washed three times with acetone. The determination of the yield was carried out by weighing the highly vacuum-dried product.
- Table 1 shows first results of a bulk polymerization of laurolactam (monomer).
- the conversion, the starting temperature and the molecular weight can be adjusted by the choice of initiators and the polymerization temperature. Furthermore, it can be seen that even quantitative conversions can be achieved in very short polymerization times.
- Table 1 also shows comparative examples (VB).
- VB1 it is shown that the same system without the addition of the inventive initiator shows no polymerization activity.
- VB2 it is shown that according to the invention no or no appreciable polymerization takes place at room temperature. The systems are thus latent.
- VB3 and VB4 it is shown that protected N-heterocyclic carbenes with a low basicity, ie with a pKa value of less than 24 at 180 ° C, do not initiate polymerization.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013210424.3A DE102013210424A1 (de) | 2013-06-05 | 2013-06-05 | Ringöffnende Laurinlactam-Polymerisation mit latenten Initiatoren |
PCT/EP2014/060753 WO2014195160A1 (de) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-05-26 | Ringöffnende laurinlactam-polymerisation mit latenten initiatoren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3004209A1 true EP3004209A1 (de) | 2016-04-13 |
Family
ID=50780483
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14726001.2A Withdrawn EP3004209A1 (de) | 2013-06-05 | 2014-05-26 | Ringöffnende laurinlactam-polymerisation mit latenten initiatoren |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170218121A2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3004209A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2016523289A (de) |
CN (1) | CN105339414A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013210424A1 (de) |
SG (1) | SG11201509196RA (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014195160A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105646876B (zh) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-06-19 | 南京工业大学 | 一种有机催化制备聚酯酰胺的方法 |
WO2019093729A2 (ko) | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-16 | 한화케미칼 주식회사 | 음이온 개환 중합에 의한 폴리아마이드의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 폴리아마이드 |
KR102287634B1 (ko) | 2017-11-08 | 2021-08-10 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 음이온 개환 중합에 의한 폴리아마이드의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 폴리아마이드 |
KR102262512B1 (ko) | 2017-11-16 | 2021-06-08 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 배위-음이온 개환 중합에 의한 폴리아마이드의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 폴리아마이드 |
KR102275688B1 (ko) | 2017-11-28 | 2021-07-12 | 한화솔루션 주식회사 | 말단 봉지재를 이용한 폴리아마이드의 제조 방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 폴리아마이드 |
EP3892668A1 (de) | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-13 | Universität Stuttgart | Latente katalysatorsysteme und verfahren zur herstellung von polyamiden |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH631471A5 (en) * | 1977-10-14 | 1982-08-13 | Harwe Ag | Activator for the polymerization of lactam monomers |
DE3730504C1 (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-16 | Atochem Werke Gmbh | Copolyamides containing caprolactam and laurolactam, process for the preparation thereof and use thereof for heat-sealing textiles |
EP1809686A2 (de) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-07-25 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Polymerisierung zyklischer amide durch n-heterozyklisches carben und metallamid sowie metallalkoxid-katalysatoren |
CN1706878A (zh) * | 2005-04-15 | 2005-12-14 | 浙江大学 | 无金属n-杂环卡宾催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN101665567B (zh) * | 2008-09-01 | 2011-11-23 | 南京工业大学 | 卡宾衍生物催化的环状化合物可调控开环聚合方法 |
DE102013205186A1 (de) | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-25 | Evonik Industries Ag | Lacton-Polymerisation mit latenten Initiatoren |
-
2013
- 2013-06-05 DE DE102013210424.3A patent/DE102013210424A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-05-26 WO PCT/EP2014/060753 patent/WO2014195160A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-05-26 SG SG11201509196RA patent/SG11201509196RA/en unknown
- 2014-05-26 US US14/891,827 patent/US20170218121A2/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-05-26 EP EP14726001.2A patent/EP3004209A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-05-26 JP JP2016517226A patent/JP2016523289A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-05-26 CN CN201480031728.9A patent/CN105339414A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2014195160A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102013210424A1 (de) | 2014-12-11 |
JP2016523289A (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
SG11201509196RA (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US20160102175A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
WO2014195160A1 (de) | 2014-12-11 |
US20170218121A2 (en) | 2017-08-03 |
CN105339414A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
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