EP2997197B1 - Procédé pour précontraindre un ouvrage en acier ainsi qu'ouvrage en acier ainsi précontraint - Google Patents

Procédé pour précontraindre un ouvrage en acier ainsi qu'ouvrage en acier ainsi précontraint Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2997197B1
EP2997197B1 EP14722518.9A EP14722518A EP2997197B1 EP 2997197 B1 EP2997197 B1 EP 2997197B1 EP 14722518 A EP14722518 A EP 14722518A EP 2997197 B1 EP2997197 B1 EP 2997197B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforced
steel
carbon fibre
steel structure
length
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Application number
EP14722518.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2997197A1 (fr
Inventor
Masoud MOTAVALLI
Elyas GHAFOORI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
S&P Clever Reinforcement Co AG
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S&P Clever Reinforcement Co AG
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Publication of EP2997197A1 publication Critical patent/EP2997197A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D6/00—Truss-type bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/10—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/085—Tensile members made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30—Metal
    • E01D2101/32—Metal prestressed

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for prestressing a steel structure, both on a new construction and preferably on an existing steel structure, especially on bridge structures.
  • the European railway Administrations confirm that there are approximately 220,000 railway bridges in Europe alone and that they are located in a wide variety of climatic areas.
  • About 22% of these are metal or steel structures, which are often referred to as iron bridges.
  • 3% are cast iron bridges, 25% are welded steel structures, and 53% are made of steel, and approx.
  • CFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers
  • the object of this invention is to provide a method for prestressing a steel structure and also a steel structure prestressed therewith. This prestressing is intended to prevent the formation of cracks on a new or existing steel structure, or to crack existing cracks or to stop or at least slow their further growth.
  • FIG 1 a steel structure in the form of an iron bridge 1 with sub-struts 2 is shown, with the lowest horizontal steel beam 3 Train is loaded.
  • iron bridges there are always steel girders that are under pressure and those that are under tension. Bending moments also have an effect, especially if the bridge is temporarily loaded, for example if a train is rolling over it. Every axle load causes vibrations and this contributes to the fatigue of the material, so that over the years cracks can appear in the steel beams, which weaken the steel beams more and more.
  • the aim is to stop this process or at least slow it down.
  • CFRP tapes carbon fiber reinforced polymer tapes
  • CFRP tapes are exceptionally strong under tensile stress and are also not subject to corrosion, they are ideal for reinforcing steel beams under tensile stress.
  • the most efficient way would be to pre-tension steel girders with tensile loads using such belts.
  • Proposals have become known for subsequently reinforcing concrete structures with prestressed bands in order to improve their tensile strength.
  • the strips are strongly pre-tensioned using a special device and, in this pre-tensioned state, moved up to the concrete structure and laminated onto the concrete using epoxy resin adhesives. After the adhesive has cured, the device that created and maintained the tension is removed, after which the pre-tensioned CFRP tape permanently applies its tension to the structure.
  • the bridge behind Figure 1 has a sub-strut 2, that is to say the lowest horizontal strut 3 is loaded with tension, and it can be reinforced by means of CFRP bands 4, for which the procedure is as follows.
  • a CFRP band 4 is at its two end regions over a section or over the whole Length of a structural part that is subjected to tension is connected to the same in a traction-locking manner.
  • a CFRP band 4 is stretched over the entire length of the underside of the horizontal lower steel beam 3, the end anchorages 5 being fastened on both sides in the vicinity of the ends of the steel beam 3.
  • the band 4 is stretched slack.
  • a lifting element 7 is installed between the steel beam 3 and the CFRP band 4 in the middle of the CFRP band 4, that is to say over half the length.
  • This lifting element 7 can be a hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically or mechanically actuated lifting element 7, which offers such a translation that high lifting forces can be generated, for example a few 10k Newtons. Short reaction paths are now generated with comparatively long action paths.
  • CFRP tape 4 not only a single CFRP tape 4 has to be attached, but a whole set of CFRP tapes 4 can be installed over the width of the bridge, or also sections of the length of the bridge several CFRP tapes 4 in succession or CFRP tapes 4 which overlap in length can be attached, which are positioned next to one another and run parallel to one another, or even overlap in height, that is to say they can lie one above the other or can cross.
  • the strips 4 are not laid on the steel girders exactly in the direction of travel, but at a slightly oblique angle to them, so that the strips 4 intersect.
  • FIG 2 you can see the steel structure Figure 1 after insertion a lifting element 7. It was mounted under the slackly attached CFRP band 4, for example by means of a mechanical connection to the steel beam 3, by welding or screwing.
  • This lifting element 7 can be constructed in the manner of a jack, so that it can be raised hydraulically by means of an external hydraulic pump by temporarily connecting a hydraulic line to the lifting element 7. Sufficiently large forces can be generated with an appropriate translation.
  • the lifting is then secured by means of a mechanical jack or by means of mechanical documents. Such mechanical documents are installed after the working stroke of the lifting element 7, which in this case is raised somewhat above the ultimate tensile stress, next to the same between the band 4 and the steel beam 3 to be reinforced.
  • the lifting element 7 is relieved again somewhat, so that the target tension is reached and the supporting force is then absorbed by the documents.
  • the lifting element 7 can also be operated pneumatically. Then a compressor hose can be coupled, and the extension of the lifting element 7 takes place due to pneumatic pressure with a sufficient ratio.
  • an electrical variant of a lifting element 7 is also conceivable in that an EL motor inside generates a sufficiently large lifting force by means of a short translation, for example by means of spindles and levers. In this case, only an electrical line needs to lead to the lifting element 7, and it can be easily adjusted if necessary.
  • the Figure 3 shows the steel structure Figure 1 after the insertion of two lifting elements 7. If two lifting elements 7 are used, they are advantageously extended at the same time, so that the tension builds up uniformly over the length of the belt. As an alternative, the one lifting element 7 can be extended a little, then the second a similarly small distance, then again the first, then again the second, etc., so that the tractive force gradually alternates to a certain extent by the two lifting elements 7 is produced.
  • the Figure 4 shows a steel structure in the form of an iron bridge with upper struts 6 with a slack CFRP band 4 connected to it.
  • the attached CFRP band 4 runs along the lowest horizontal steel girder, in practice, of course, there are several such steel girders, the longitudinal the bridge, and each is equipped with at least one CFRP band 4, each with two end anchors 5, which at the ends of the band 4 connect this to the structure or the said steel girder.
  • the Figure 5 shows this steel structure Figure 4 after the insertion of three lifting elements 7, which are arranged distributed over the length of each CFRP band 4 and are again extended at the same time, or else the two outer ones are extended a little and then the middle is slightly further, so that a uniform tension over the entire length of the CFRP tape 4 is generated.
  • the Figure 6 finally shows a steel structure in the form of an iron bridge with an arched sub-strut 2.
  • a tensile force acts on the arched longitudinal beams 8 at the lower end of the bridge.
  • CFRP bands 4 can be laid and attached along these curved beam supports 8.
  • a single CFRP band 4 runs over the entire length of the bridge along the lower support arch 8 and is firmly attached to the steel support 8 at both end regions of the anchoring elements 5 attached there Bridge 1 connected.
  • Five lifting elements 7 are used here distributed over the belt length. These are all raised uniformly in order to generate a voltage build-up in the CFRP band 4 that is as uniform or homogeneous as possible. This tensioning force is then introduced into the structure 1 via the anchoring elements 5.
  • Such reinforcements can in some cases close cracks or gaps in steel structures, i.e. in the elements that are subject to tension. In other cases, further growth of these cracks and crevices can be prevented, or at least the weakening process can be slowed down considerably, and overall the structures can be decisively strengthened and stabilized so that their lifespan is extended or, if necessary, the load capacity is increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier, dans lequel au moins une bande (4) de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone est fixée à chacune de ses zones d'extrémité avec des ancrages d'extrémité (5) de manière à bloquer la force de traction sur une poutre en acier à renforcer de la structure en acier (1), et ensuite, dans une zone située entre ces ancrages d'extrémité (5), au moins un élément de levage (7) disposé entre la bande de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone (4) respective et la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer est étendu sensiblement perpendiculairement à la bande de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone (4), de telle sorte qu'une tension uniforme est générée sur toute la longueur de la bande polymère renforcée de fibres de carbone (4), pour effectuer une tension de force de traction entre les ancrages d'extrémité (5) de la bande polymère renforcée de fibres de carbone respective (4), laquelle force de traction est plusieurs fois supérieure à la force de levage due à l'effet de levier, et laquelle force de traction est introduite dans la structure par l'intermédiaire des ancrages d'extrémité (5), le levage de la bande polymère renforcée de fibres de carbone respective (4) étant assuré au moyen d'un support mécanique.
  2. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la longueur de la course d'au moins un élément de levage (7) est de plusieurs centimètres.
  3. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs bandes de polymère (4) renforcées de fibres de carbone sont appliquées sur la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer sur la longueur de celle-ci.
  4. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs bandes (4) en polymère renforcé par des fibres de carbone sont alignées parallèlement les unes aux autres sur la longueur de la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer et sont appliquées chacune sur la poutre en acier (3, 8) sur toute sa longueur.
  5. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs bandes (4) de polymère renforcé par des fibres de carbone sont appliquées sur la longueur de la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer, en étant alignées parallèlement les unes aux autres sur des sections partielles de la longueur de la poutre en acier (3, 8).
  6. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que sur la longueur de la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer, on applique plusieurs bandes (4) de polymère renforcé par des fibres de carbone sur des sections partielles de la longueur de la poutre en acier (3, 8), orientées parallèlement les unes aux autres, de telle sorte qu'elles se trouvent les unes à côté des autres et se chevauchent dans des sections partielles en ce qui concerne leur longueur.
  7. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs bandes (4) de polymère renforcé par des fibres de carbone sont posées sur la longueur de la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer, qui sont disposées de manière à s'étendre dans une direction s'écartant de la direction longitudinale de la poutre en acier (3, 8) et à se croiser.
  8. Procédé de précontrainte d'une structure en acier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque bande (4) de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone est précontrainte au moyen d'au moins un élément de levage (7) à commande hydraulique, pneumatique, électrique ou mécanique, et l'élément de levage (7) est déchargé au moyen d'un support mécanique entre la bande (4) respective et la poutre en acier (3, 8) à renforcer après que le travail de levage a été effectué.
  9. Structure en acier, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une bande (4) de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone est reliée à ses extrémités, de manière à résister à la traction, à une poutre en acier à renforcer de la structure en acier (1), dans lequel, dans la zone entre ces zones d'extrémité, au moins un élément de levage (7) ou un support mécanique est inséré entre la bande de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone respective (4) et le support en acier (3, 8) à renforcer, au moyen duquel la bande de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone respective (4) est maintenue sous contrainte de traction après avoir été soulevée sensiblement verticalement du support en acier (3, 8) et donc précontrainte.
  10. Structure en acier selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que la course de la bande de polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone respective est de plusieurs centimètres.
EP14722518.9A 2013-05-14 2014-04-16 Procédé pour précontraindre un ouvrage en acier ainsi qu'ouvrage en acier ainsi précontraint Active EP2997197B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH00950/13A CH706630B1 (de) 2013-05-14 2013-05-14 Verfahren zum Vorspannen eines Stahlbauwerkes sowie damit vorgespanntes Stahlbauwerk.
PCT/CH2014/000049 WO2014183224A1 (fr) 2013-05-14 2014-04-16 Procédé pour précontraindre un ouvrage en acier ainsi qu'ouvrage en acier ainsi précontraint

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2997197A1 EP2997197A1 (fr) 2016-03-23
EP2997197B1 true EP2997197B1 (fr) 2020-04-22

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Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (2) US20160145815A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2997197B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102267298B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105518218A (fr)
AU (1) AU2014268098B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112015028588B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2918395C (fr)
CH (1) CH706630B1 (fr)
EA (1) EA031304B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2802887T3 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ713701A (fr)
PT (1) PT2997197T (fr)
WO (1) WO2014183224A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201509090B (fr)

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US11326313B2 (en) 2013-05-14 2022-05-10 S&P Clever Reinforcement Company Ag Method for pre-stressing a steel structure, and steel structure pre-stressed using said method

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CN108103965B (zh) * 2018-01-12 2019-04-09 长沙理工大学 一种加固用预应力贝雷梁及其施工方法
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CN108867393A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-11-23 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 一种大跨连续刚构桥体外预应力加载体系
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CN112942144B (zh) * 2021-01-27 2022-05-10 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 一种基于热膨胀原理的钢筋混凝土拱桥加固方法
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CA2918395C (fr) 2021-10-26
KR102267298B1 (ko) 2021-06-21
US11326313B2 (en) 2022-05-10
ZA201509090B (en) 2017-01-25
AU2014268098B2 (en) 2018-04-26
AU2014268098A1 (en) 2015-11-26
EA031304B1 (ru) 2018-12-28
BR112015028588B1 (pt) 2021-11-23
CN105518218A (zh) 2016-04-20
CH706630B1 (de) 2013-12-31
US20200299911A1 (en) 2020-09-24
BR112015028588A2 (pt) 2018-07-24
EA201501078A1 (ru) 2016-06-30
WO2014183224A1 (fr) 2014-11-20
PT2997197T (pt) 2020-07-03
ES2802887T3 (es) 2021-01-21
CA2918395A1 (fr) 2014-11-20
NZ713701A (en) 2019-01-25
KR20160015255A (ko) 2016-02-12
EP2997197A1 (fr) 2016-03-23
US20160145815A1 (en) 2016-05-26

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