EP2964824B1 - Gewebe, insbesondere aus kohlenstofffasergarnen mit geringer dickenvariabilität in kombination mit einem spezifischen basisgewichtsbereich - Google Patents

Gewebe, insbesondere aus kohlenstofffasergarnen mit geringer dickenvariabilität in kombination mit einem spezifischen basisgewichtsbereich Download PDF

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EP2964824B1
EP2964824B1 EP14713538.8A EP14713538A EP2964824B1 EP 2964824 B1 EP2964824 B1 EP 2964824B1 EP 14713538 A EP14713538 A EP 14713538A EP 2964824 B1 EP2964824 B1 EP 2964824B1
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Prior art keywords
equal
less
fabric according
yarns
fabric
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2964824A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Marc Beraud
Alain Bruyere
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Hexcel Fabrics SA
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Hexcel Fabrics SA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
    • D06C3/06—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics by rotary disc, roller, or like apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
    • D03D15/46—Flat yarns, e.g. tapes or films
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D06C15/02—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics between co-operating press or calender rolls
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of machines for homogenizing the thickness of fibrous webs and / or spreading such fibrous webs, in order to obtain lower surface weights.
  • the invention relates to a fabric including carbon son having a low thickness variability combined with a specific range of surface mass.
  • Composite reinforcements are exclusively used with the addition of resin by different processes.
  • the geometry of the final composite part therefore directly results from the thicknesses of the reinforcement used. It is clear that the use of thinner reinforcements will offer lighter composite parts and also more efficient because having their fibers oriented better with less ripples. What is less obvious but also true is that these reinforcements are also used in sometimes large stack, it is necessary to minimize their thickness variations to make more reliable and robust geometry of the composite part obtained. Since the individual variations of the plies are going to vary, a great variability in the thickness of the reinforcement will inevitably lead to a great variability of thickness in the final part when using processes such as vacuum infusion.
  • edge allowance is accentuated very locally by the use of generally thermoplastic selvedge threads used on the edges of the fabric to block the last warp threads.
  • This value is sufficient to create a bending of the rollers preventing a parallelism between the axes of the rollers and therefore a pressure homogeneous on the fabric, due to greater pressure on the edges. It follows an imitation of the width of the fabric to be treated in relation to the diameter of the rollers and their length. To try to circumvent this difficulty, it could be envisaged to increase the diameter of the rollers to limit the bending, but in this case the inertia of these would then become important and the energy necessary to obtain the amplitude and the frequency would increase in proportion.
  • the patent US 4,932,107 has implemented in its example 3B, 2 rollers of 125mm diameter with a single vibratory upper roller diameter 60mm, which does not allow to obtain, on the one hand, a satisfactory spreading and on the other hand, a homogenization of thickness. More generally, all the tissue spreading techniques described in the prior art do not make it possible to adapt to the initial differences in thickness that the tissue exhibits and therefore do not make it possible to obtain a spread and a homogenization of the satisfactory thickness.
  • the invention proposes to respond to the problems mentioned above and encountered in the prior art and to provide a fabric made by a new process and a new machine for controlling, in a simple manner, the thickness of the textile web obtained after an operation spreading, so as to obtain a small variability of thickness, even on large widths of web.
  • At least one pressure generator of the rollers is produced with adjustable pressure values along said generator to spread the sheet with a small thickness variability.
  • the rollers thus modulate the pressure applied between the center and the ends of the web, taking into account the different thicknesses of the web so as to apply a uniform pressure on the material along the pressure generator.
  • the pressure applied to the center of the web is greater than that applied on its edges to account for the upper thickness of the web on its edges relative to its central part.
  • one of the rollers which is flexible and the other rigid, is made and is carried on this flexible roll, substantially perpendicular to its axis, localized supports distributed along the axis of the roll and with adjustable values. to realize the generator with adjustable pressure values.
  • the flexible roller can thus self-position without stress and thus modulate the pressure applied to the web.
  • the method preferably consists, among other things, in adjusting the position of the localized supports along the axis of the flexible roller and / or in distributing the localized supports evenly along the axis of the flexible roller,
  • the method consists, among other things, in distributing the localized supports, at most, over the entire width of the textile web.
  • the method consists, among other things, in causing the textile web to pass over the periphery of the flexible roller between two pressure generators with adjustable localized pressure values of two driven rigid rollers. in synchronism, rotation and oscillation.
  • the method consists in causing the textile sheet to pass between 1/6 and 1/3 of the periphery of the flexible roll. It is thus possible to overcome the tension applied to the moving textile web.
  • this mode of passage also facilitates the positioning of localized supports on the flexible roller.
  • the method comprises heating the textile web during its passage between the pressure generator or generators.
  • the method consists in providing, as textile web, a fabric comprising warp threads and weft threads each consisting of a set of filaments able to move freely relative to one another. the others within said wire, the spread being made on the warp son and weft son.
  • the machine comprises a system for creating the pressure generator with adjustable pressure values distributed along said generator, for spreading the textile web with a small variability in thickness.
  • the warp threads and / or weft threads consist of a set of filaments, said filaments being able to move freely relative to each other within a single thread.
  • the fabrics according to the invention can be obtained by means of the process according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention allows access to such fabrics having such a combination of characteristics. Obtaining such fabrics with a width of at least 100 cm, in particular with a width of 100 to 200 cm, is possible.
  • the fabrics according to the invention can therefore have a large width and a very great length, for example, approximately equivalent to the length of the available threads, namely several hundreds or thousands of meters.
  • the standard deviation can be obtained on a stack of three folds of the same fabric deposited on each other and oriented in the same direction and placed under pressure of 972mbar +/- 3mbar, and in particular, from 25 point thickness measurements distributed over an area of 305 x 305mm, with for example one of the sides of the square which extends in parallel to the warp threads of the fabric.
  • the method described in the examples can be used.
  • the fabrics defined in the context of the invention consist of identical warp threads and weft threads identical to each other, and preferably of all identical warp and weft threads.
  • the fabrics defined within the scope of the invention consist, preferably at least 99% by weight, or even consist exclusively of multi-filament reinforcing threads, in particular glass, carbon or aramid threads, carbon being preferred.
  • fabrics according to the invention include those having a canvas-type architecture (otherwise known as taffeta), twill, braided, or satin.
  • the aperture factor can be defined as the ratio between the area not occupied by the material and the total area observed, the observation of which can be made from the top of the fabric with illumination from beneath it.
  • the opening factor (OF) is expressed as a percentage. It can, for example, be measured according to the method described in the examples.
  • Variability of aperture factor means the maximum difference in absolute value obtained between a measured aperture factor and the average aperture factor. The variability is therefore expressed in% as the opening factor.
  • the average Aperture Factor can be obtained, for example, from 60 measurements of aperture factor spread over an area of 305 ⁇ 915mm of fabric.
  • the distribution may, for example, be performed, distribute 1/3 of the aperture factor measurements on a first third of the fabric width, 1/3 of the aperture factor measurements on the second third of the width of the fabric. tissue corresponding to its central portion and 1/3 of aperture factor measurements on the third third of the tissue width.
  • Fig. 1 to 3 illustrate schematically an embodiment of a spreading machine 1 according to the invention, adapted to spread with low variability in thickness, a textile web 2 comprising at least 3 warp son.
  • textile web means a sheet material consisting of son and son son, son extending along the axis of travel of the web on the machine.
  • Textile mats can be unidirectional or fabrics,
  • the web 2 is a fabric comprising warp yarns 3 and weft yarns 4, each warp 3 and weft yarn 4 consisting of a set of filaments t.
  • the spreading machine 1 is placed at the output of a loom and input of a winding system of the web, It could also be expected that the sheet to be spread comes from a unwinding system and is not directly positioned in line with a loom .
  • the spreading machine 1 comprises at least a first 5 and a second 6 rotary rollers and, in the illustrated example, a third rotary roller 7.
  • the rotary rollers 5, 6 and 7 have axes A extending parallel between and perpendicular to the direction of travel f1 of the ply 2 or perpendicular to the warp son 3.
  • the first roller 5 and the second roller 6 delimit between them a first pressure generator G1 for the web 2 passing between the first and second rollers 5, 6, Similarly, in the example shown in the drawings, the first roller 5 and the third roller 7 delimit between them a second pressure generator G2 for the web 2 passing between the first and third rollers 5, 7,
  • the length of the rollers is adapted to the width of the sheet 2 to be spread, so as to have a length greater than the width of the sheet 2, typically the length of the rollers is be 1m and 2m.
  • the rollers 5, 6 and 7 are positioned in such a way that the two pressure generators G1 and G2 are spaced between 1/6 and 1/3 of the periphery of the first roll 5. other words, the web 2 is in contact with the first roll 5 only between 1/6 and 1/3 of its periphery.
  • the second 6 and third rollers 7 are positioned side by side in a horizontal plane, while the first roll 5 is positioned in the middle and above the second 6 and third roll 7,
  • the spreading machine 1 also comprises a motor 10 to ensure the drive synchronized in rotation about their axes A and in the same direction of rotation, the second 6 and third rollers 7.
  • the engine 10 comprises an electric motor 11 controlled to drive in a synchronized manner, the speed of rotation of the second 6 and third rollers 7.
  • the output shaft of the electric motor 11 cooperates with a transmission belt 12 which rotates pulleys 13 supported by shafts 14 mounted axially integral with the first end of the second 6 and third rollers 7.
  • the first roll 5 is not rotated by the motorization 10.
  • the first roll 5 is rotated by the traveling force of the web 2 and the rollers 6,7, of course. it can be envisaged that the motorization 10 also rotates the first roller 5.
  • the spreading machine 1 also comprises a system 15 for driving the rollers 5, 6 and 7 in axial oscillation each along its axis A. More specifically, the drive system 15 allows the axial oscillation of the first roller 5 in phase opposition with respect to the second and third rollers 6 and 7 which are perfectly synchronized in axial oscillation.
  • the drive system 15 comprises an electric motor 16 driving in 7 synchronism using a transmission 17 such as a belt, a first 19 and a second 20 camshafts allowing to exert an axial force on the rollers, as is clear from the Fig. 1 ,
  • the cams of the camshafts 19 and 20 are angularly offset from each other by a value equal to 180 °.
  • the first camshaft 19 acts on the second end of the first roller 5 and more precisely on the transverse face of a shaft 21 extending axially from the first roller 5.
  • the first shaft cam 19 acts on the shaft 21, via a plate 21a carried by the shaft 21.
  • the second camshaft 20 acts on the second end of the second roller 6 and in the illustrated example, the third roller 7 also.
  • the second and third rollers 6 and 7 are axially equipped, at their second end, with shafts 22 in contact, by their transverse face, with the camshaft 20 which ensures the synchronized axial oscillation of the second and third rollers 6 and 7,
  • the second and third rollers 6 and 7 have a perfectly synchronized axial oscillation.
  • the first ends of the first, second and third rollers 5, 6 and 7 are biased by an elastic system 25 compensating for the action exerted by the cam shafts 19, 20 on the second ends of the first, second and third rollers 5, 6 and 7 .
  • the elastic system 25 comprises stacks of Belleville washers interposed between on the one hand, a support 28 and on the other hand, each shaft 14 and a shaft 29 extending axially from the first end of the first roller 5.
  • a stack of Belleville washers 25 acts on the shaft 29 via a plate 29a carried by the shaft 29.
  • the drive system 15 as described above ensures a perfect control of the amplitude of operation in phase opposition between the first roller 5 on the one hand and the second and third rollers 6, 7 of On the other hand, this solution makes it possible to guarantee the desired movement of the rollers, despite the phenomena of wear due to the elimination of the mechanical clearance between the cam shafts and the rollers.
  • the axial vibration frequency is adjustable, for example, from 5 to 50 Hz via the adjustment of the electric motor 16.
  • the amplitude of the axial oscillation of the rollers is of the order of 0.5 mm.
  • the spreading machine 1 also comprises, for the second and third rollers 6 and 7, a series of rigid supports 31 enabling the rolls to be supported without bending while allowing their movements to
  • each rigid support 31 comprises a fork or cradle 32 fixed rigidly to a frame 33 preferably anchored rigidly to the ground.
  • Each fork or cradle 32 thus has two support legs 34 each equipped with a rolling member 35 for a roller 6, 7, which can receive both the rotational movement and the oscillation movement,
  • Four rigid supports 31 support the rollers.
  • the number of rigid supports 31 may be different depending in particular on the length of the rollers.
  • the spreading machine 1 comprises a system 40 for creating the first pressure generator G1 and in the example illustrated, also the second pressure generator G2, with adjustable pressure values distributed according to the one or more generatrices, to spread the sheet 2 with a small variability of thickness.
  • the system 40 makes it possible to modulate the pressure at will, along these pressure generators G1, G2 to apply a uniform pressure on the sheet taking into account the initial differences in thickness of the sheet, in order to to spread the sheet with a small variability of thickness.
  • the system 40 comprises as a first roller 5, a flexible roller and a series of localized supports 42 with adjustable pressure, distributed along the axis of the flexible roller 5 and acting on the flexible roller 5,
  • the first roller 5 is flexibly mounted along its axis A in the sense that it is free of any guide bearing at its two ends, the flexible roller 5 can thus self-position, without any constraint, between the two other rollers 6 and 7.
  • the second and third rollers 6 and 7 are rigid because they are supported without bending by the frame 33.
  • Each localized support 42 exerts its pressure on the flexible roll 5, via bearing 43 with axial displacement.
  • each localized support 42 is able to exert a substantially vertical pressure force perpendicular to the axis of the flexible roller 5 while accepting the rotational movement and axial oscillation of the roller flexible 5.
  • each localized support 42 is a pressure cylinder 44 whose rod is equipped with a rolling member 43.
  • Each pressure cylinder 44 is connected to a control unit not shown but known per se, allowing adjust the pressure exerted on the flexible roller 5.
  • the spreading machine 1 comprises four pressure cylinders. Of course, the number of pressure cylinders 44 may be different.
  • the localized supports 42 are equipped with a device 46 for adjusting their position along the axis of the flexible roller 5.
  • the localized supports 42 can be moved independently of one another, the along the axis of the flexible roller 5 so as to be able to exert their pressure force in all selected locations of the web 2.
  • the cylinders 44 are slidably mounted along a gantry 45 overlying at a distance the flexible roller 5. Each cylinder 44 is placed in a fixed position by means of a locking system of the cylinder body on the frame, not shown, but of all types known per se.
  • the spreading machine 1 comprises a lifting system 48 of the flexible roll 5 to allow the operations of setting up the sheet 2 between the flexible roll 5 and the rigid rollers 6, 7.
  • the lifting system 48 comprises two cylinders 49 fixed by their body on the frame 45 and whose rods 49a act on the shafts 21 and 29 extending from the two ends of the flexible roller 5.
  • the elastic system 25 acts on the shaft 29 of the flexible roller 5 while the cam shaft 19 continues to exert an axial force on the shaft 21, even during lifting operations of the flexible roller 5 because of the presence of end plates 21a and 29a, as shown in FIG. Fig. 3 .
  • the spreading machine comprises a heating system 51 of the sheet and rollers during the passage of the sheet between the generatrices of the pressure.
  • the heating system 51 comprises a nozzle 52 for supplying hot air produced by a hot air production unit not shown but known in the ground.
  • This feed nozzle 52 opens between the two rigid rollers 6 and 7 directing the flow of hot air to the flexible roller 5 according to its portion between the two pressure generators G1 and G2.
  • a Leister type heating unit is used to heat the web 2 and rolls to a temperature of 80 ° C.
  • the spreading machine 1 comprises a flexible roll 5 and two rigid rollers 6,7 defining two pressure generators G1, G2.
  • the spreading machine 1 according to the invention may have a similar operation by implementing a single rigid roller 6 defining with the flexible roller 5, a single pressure generator G1.
  • the spreading machine 1 described above comprises, as localized supports 42, cylinders exerting a pressure force on the flexible roller 5.
  • Other solutions can be envisaged with a view to creating power generators. pressure with adjustable pressure values.
  • the spreading machine 1 according to the invention is particularly suitable for spreading the warp threads 3 and also the weft threads 4 when the web 2 is a fabric.
  • the sheet 2 is kept under a substantially constant low value voltage, by means of appropriate systems of tension of the sheet 2, located on its path, upstream and downstream, rolls of pressure and designed to compensate for the forces that may appear, for example, upstream at the output of the loom and, downstream, at the reel of the web.
  • one of the flexible rollers 5 and the other 6-7 rigid and is carried on the flexible roller, substantially perpendicular to its axis, localized supports 42 distributed along the axis of the roller and with adjustable values to make the generator with adjustable pressure values.
  • pressures of different values are exerted in different places of the pressure generator to ensure the correct spreading of the son of the sheet 2.
  • the method consists in adjusting the position of the localized supports 42 along the axis of the flexible roller so as to selectively choose the places where the pressures are to be applied. For example, it is possible to distribute the localized supports 42 regularly along the axis of the flexible roller. However, the adjustment consists of distributing the localized supports 42 at most over the entire width of the ply 2. Indeed, whatever the width of the ply, the localized supports 42 always act inside the ply. delimited area overhanging the width of the web 2. In other words, the localized supports 42 must not act on an area of the flexible roll that is never in contact with the web 2.
  • the position of the jacks which are adjacent the edges of the sheet are positioned to be at least 50mm distant from these edges.
  • the cylinders that are adjacent to the edges of the sheet are positioned to be spaced 150mm from these edges.
  • the cylinders between these two cylinders adjacent to the edges are positioned so that all cylinders are spaced regularly.
  • the number of cylinders is chosen so that the distance between two adjacent cylinders is at least 300mm.
  • the sheet 2 is caused to pass over the periphery of the flexible roller 5 between two pressure generators G1, G2 with adjustable localized pressure values. These two generators are delimited between the flexible roller 5 and two rigid rollers 6, 7 driven in synchronism, rotation and oscillation.
  • the web 2 is caused to pass over the flexible roll 5, between 1/6 and 1/3 of the periphery of the flexible roll 5.
  • the web 2 and the rollers are heated during its passage between the pressure generator or generators.
  • the invention enables the warp yarns of a unidirectional web of warp yarns or warp yarns and / or weft yarns interlaced with a fabric to be spread out.
  • the spread textile webs will, at least partially consist of reinforcement son of carbon, glass or aramid type which conventionally consist of a set of filaments extending in the direction of the wire.
  • the textile sheet to be spread out will consist either exclusively of a unidirectional sheet of warp yarns, or of a fabric consisting of an intertwining of warp yarns and yarns. frame.
  • the son are not secured to each other by any binder or sewing or knitting type mechanical binding mode that would hinder their movement relative to each other and would not allow their spreading.
  • the warp yarns and the weft yarns are held together by the weaving only.
  • the textile ply consisting of a unidirectional sheet of warp yarns the latter will made of carbon, glass or aramid threads.
  • the son intended to be spread in the process according to the invention consist of a set of filaments freely movable relative to each other, and in particular carbon son.
  • Such son may initially have a circular section or, preferably, rectangular, but at the output of the method according to the invention, they will present a rectangular section following the application of pressure forces.
  • the son to be spread and thus the constituent yarns of the fabrics according to the invention, will not be impregnated, nor coated, nor associated with any polymeric binder that would hinder the free movement of the filaments with respect to other.
  • the yarns to be spread are, nevertheless, most often characterized by a mass content of standard size that can represent at most 2% of their mass.
  • a carbon yarn consists of a set of filaments and generally has from 1,000 to 80,000 filaments, preferably from 12,000 to 24,000 filaments.
  • carbon threads of 1 to 24 K for example 3K, 6K, 12K or 24K, and preferably 12 and 24K, are used.
  • the carbon threads present in the unidirectional sheets have a title of 60 to 3800 Tex, and preferably 400 to 900 tex.
  • the unidirectional sheet can be made with any type of carbon son, for example, High Strength (HR) son whose tensile modulus is between 220 and 241GPa and whose tensile strength is between 3450 and 4830MPa, Intermediate Module (IM) wires whose tensile modulus is between 290 and 297GPa and whose tensile breaking stress is between 3450 and 6200MPa and High Module Wires (HM) whose tensile modulus is between 345 and 448GPa and whose tensile strength is between 3450 and 5520Pa (according to the ASM Handbook, ISBN 0-87170-703-9, ASM International 2001 ).
  • HR High Strength
  • IM Intermediate Module
  • HM High Module Wires
  • the Figs 4A schematically shows a fabric before spreading consisting of an interlacing of warp son and weft son width slightly different due to weaving. It may be in particular 3K carbon son. Each of the warp yarns and the weft yarns consist of a set of filament. Initially, the opening factor of the textile web is 4%.
  • the Fig. 4B illustrates the fabric obtained after the implementation of the spreading method according to the invention, This fabric has an OF level of 0% and warp and weft son of different width.
  • the textile web before being subjected to the process according to the invention has a zero or non-zero opening factor.
  • the application of the method according to the invention results in a decrease in the opening factor which accompanies the obtaining of the homogenization of the thickness of the textile web
  • the opening factor is zero or not zero
  • the application of the method according to the invention causes a decrease in the thickness of the fabric by homogenization of the thickness of the son constituting it.
  • the program takes 25 measurement points thanks to its trigger probe.
  • the opening factors were measured according to the following method.
  • the device consists of a SONY brand camera (model SSC-DC58AP), equipped with a 10x objective, and a Waldmann brand light table, model W LP3 NR, 101381 230V 50HZ 2x15W.
  • the sample to be measured is placed on the light table, the camera is fixed on a bracket, and positioned at 29cm from the sample, then the sharpness is adjusted.
  • the measurement width is determined according to the textile web to be analyzed, using the ring (zoom), and a rule: 10 cm for open textile sheets (OF> 2%), 1.17 cm for loosely opened textile sheets (OF ⁇ 2%).
  • the brightness is adjusted to obtain a value of OF corresponding to that given on the control plate.
  • the Videomet contrast measurement software from Scion Image (Scion Corporation, USA), is used. After image capture, the image is processed as follows: using a tool, one defines a maximum area corresponding to the selected calibration, for example, for 10 cm - 70 holes, and having an integer number of patterns. We then select an elementary surface in the textile sense of the term, that is to say a surface that describes the geometry of the fabric by repetition.
  • the percentage OF is defined by a hundred times the ratio of the white surface divided by the total area of the elementary pattern: 100 * (white surface / elementary surface).
  • the brightness adjustment is important because diffusion phenomena can change the apparent size of the holes and therefore the OF. An intermediate brightness will be retained, so that no phenomenon of saturation or diffusion too important is visible.
  • Tissues of width 127 cm having the surface densities, standard deviations of thickness, opening factor, variability of opening factor and presented in Table 2 below, could be obtained thanks to the process according to the invention, using the parameters as defined in Table 1.
  • the machine used complies with Fig. 1 and 2 , with rollers of 60 mm diameter and a length of 1700 mm, the cylinders being spaced apart from each other by 320 mm, both located at the ends being spaced 155 mm from the edge of the fabric.
  • Table 1 gives as examples, for the fabrics shown in Table 2 , the bearing force of the 4 pressure cylinders 44 (Nos.
  • the AS4 3K yarns supplied by Hexcel Corporation are high tensile stress tensile yarns of 4433 MPa, tensile modulus of 231 GPa have a titer of 200 TEF with filaments of 7.1 microns.
  • the AS4 12K yarns supplied by Hexcel Corporation are high tensile strength tensile yarns of 4433 MPa, tensile modulus of 231 GPa have a titer of 800 TEX with filaments of 7.1 microns.
  • the AS7 12K yarns supplied by Hexcel Corporation are high tensile stress tensile yarns of 4830Mpa, of tensile modulus of 241GPa and have an 800Tex titer with filaments of 6.9 microns.
  • the IM7 6K yarns supplied by Hexcel Corporation are 5310Mpa Intermediate Tensile Stress modulus yarns, with 276Gpa tensile modulus and have a 223Tex titer with 5.2 micron filaments.
  • the IM7 12K yarns supplied by Hexcel Corporation are Intermediate Tensile Stress Tensile 5670Mpa
  • the 199g / m 2 AS4 3K tissue before plating has an average Aperture Factor of 10.5% (12.5% at the edges of the tissue, 6.5% at the center of the tissue) or a variation of 6% of the opening factor between center and edge, and an average thickness of 0,191mm (0,201mm on the edges of the fabric, 0,187mm on the center of the fabric) is a variation of thickness of 12% between center and edge.
  • the standard deviation of the thickness of the stack of three folds of the non-spread fabric is 0.055mm.
  • the aperture factor of this same tissue increases to an average of 0.1%, a reduction of 99% compared to the non-spread tissue, with a maximum variation of 0.5% which is not moreover, not due to an increase in values at the edges, the average opening factor of the edges and the center being equal to 0.1%.
  • a large part of the measured openness factors are close to 0%, and a small population above 0.1% up to 0.5% in rare cases, inducing a 0.1% average with variation maximum of 0.5%.
  • the thickness of the tissue after spreading is 0.177mm, which is 8% less than the non-spread fabric.
  • the standard deviation of the stack of three folds of the spread fabric is 0.030mm, a gain of 45% over the non-spread fabric. This information is collated in Table 3 below.
  • a fabric of 75 g / m 2 in AS4C 3K will have an average opening factor before spreading of 45%, and a mean opening factor after spreading of 0.8%, a gain of 98%. %.
  • the implementation of the method according to the invention causes a significant decrease in the standard deviation of the thickness, the average thickness, the opening factor and its variability. In particular.
  • the gain in standard deviation of thickness of 3 folds under a pressure of 972 mbar is equal to at least 20%, and in most cases, is greater than 30%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Gewebe, das aus Kettfäden und Schussfäden zusammengesetzt ist, gekennzeichnet durch eine der Kombinationen mit den folgenden Eigenschaften:
    - eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als oder gleich 40 g/m2 und kleiner als 100 g/m2 und eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 35 µm ist,
    - eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als oder gleich 100 g/m2 und kleiner als oder gleich 160 g/m2 und eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 50 µm ist,
    - eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als 160 g/m2 und kleiner als oder gleich 200 g/m2 und eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 60 µm ist, oder
    - eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als 200 g/m2 und kleiner als oder gleich 400 g/m2 und eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 90 µm ist,
    wobei die durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen gemessen wird, die aufeinander angeordnet und in derselben Richtung orientiert sind und einem Druck von 972 mbar +/-3 mbar ausgesetzt werden, wobei 25 punktuelle Messungen der Dicke verteilt über eine Oberfläche von 305 x 305 mm vorgenommen werden,
    und
    dass die Kettfäden und/oder die Schussfäden aus einer Anordnung von Filamenten bestehen, die sich frei in Bezug aufeinander innerhalb des Fadens bewegen können.
  2. Gewebe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus untereinander identischen Kettfäden und untereinander identischen Schussfäden, und vorzugsweise insgesamt identischen Kett- und Schussfäden besteht.
  3. Gewebe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es vorzugsweise zu mindestens 99 Massen-% besteht bzw. ausschließlich aus Kohlenstofffäden besteht.
  4. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen mittleren Öffnungsfaktor von 0 bis 1 % für die Kombination der folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist, und zwar: eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als oder gleich 40 g/m2 und kleiner als 100 g/m2, eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 35 µm ist.
  5. Gewebe nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Variabilität des Öffnungsfaktors von höchstens 1 % aufweist.
  6. Gewebe nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Fäden besteht, die eine Faserzahl von 200 bis 3500 Tex, und vorzugsweise von 200 bis 1700 Tex aufweisen.
  7. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen mittleren Öffnungsfaktor von 0 bis 0,5 % für die Kombination der folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist, und zwar: eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als oder gleich 100 g/m2 und kleiner als oder gleich 160 g/m2, eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 50 µm ist.
  8. Gewebe nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Variabilität des Öffnungsfaktors von höchstens 0,5 % aufweist.
  9. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen mittleren Öffnungsfaktor von 0 bis 0,5 % für die Kombination der folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist, und zwar: eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als 160 g/m2 und kleiner als oder gleich 200 g/m2, eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 60 µm ist.
  10. Gewebe nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Variabilität des Öffnungsfaktors von höchstens 0,5 % aufweist.
  11. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Fäden besteht, die eine Faserzahl von 200 bis 3500 Tex, und vorzugsweise von 400 bis 1700 Tex aufweisen.
  12. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen mittleren Öffnungsfaktor von 0 bis 0,1 % für die Kombination der folgenden Eigenschaften aufweist, und zwar: eine flächenbezogene Masse größer als 200 g/m2 und kleiner als oder gleich 400 g/m2, eine durchschnittliche Abweichung der Dicke gemessen an einer Stapelung von drei identischen Gewebelagen, die aufeinander und gemäß derselben Richtung angeordnet sind, die kleiner als oder gleich 90 µm ist.
  13. Gewebe nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Variabilität des Öffnungsfaktors von höchstens 0,1 % aufweist.
  14. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Fäden besteht, die eine Faserzahl von 200 bis 3500 Tex, und vorzugsweise von 800 bis 1700 Tex aufweisen.
  15. Gewebe nach Anspruch 4 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittlere Öffnungsfaktor und die Variabilität des Öffnungsfaktors gemessen werden, indem 60 Messungen des Öffnungsfaktors verteilt über eine Oberfläche von 305 x 915 mm des Gewebes vorgenommen werden.
  16. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Breite von zumindest 100 cm aufweist, insbesondere eine Breite von 100 bis 200 cm.
  17. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Leinwand-, Köper-, Natte- oder Satinarchitektur aufweist.
  18. Gewebe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fäden weder imprägniert noch gestrichen noch mit irgendeinem polymeren Bindemittel assoziiert sind.
EP14713538.8A 2013-03-08 2014-03-06 Gewebe, insbesondere aus kohlenstofffasergarnen mit geringer dickenvariabilität in kombination mit einem spezifischen basisgewichtsbereich Active EP2964824B1 (de)

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PCT/FR2014/050508 WO2014135805A1 (fr) 2013-03-08 2014-03-06 Tissu notamment de fils de carbone présentant une faible variabilité d'épaisseur combinée à une gamme spécifique de masse surfacique

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CN108252010A (zh) * 2018-03-07 2018-07-06 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 机织碳纤维单向布用加热展纤定型装置
CN109132649A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-04 侯马市迪科特电子科技有限公司 一种墙布快速平整装置
JP7211198B2 (ja) * 2019-03-26 2023-01-24 三菱ケミカル株式会社 炭素繊維織物の製造方法
CN110607675B (zh) * 2019-09-28 2020-04-10 浙江诸暨浩越袜业有限公司 一种袜子生产用平压装置
CN113707400B (zh) * 2020-05-21 2023-04-25 青岛云路先进材料技术股份有限公司 一种带超薄涂层的非晶合金带材及其制备方法和设备
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AU2014224484B2 (en) 2017-09-07
CA2900732A1 (en) 2014-09-12
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CN105026634A (zh) 2015-11-04
EP2964824A1 (de) 2016-01-13
ES2724248T3 (es) 2019-09-09
JP2016516136A (ja) 2016-06-02
ES2630372T3 (es) 2017-08-21
JP6416795B2 (ja) 2018-10-31
FR3002928B1 (fr) 2015-05-01
CN105008608A (zh) 2015-10-28
BR112015021176A2 (pt) 2017-07-18
US9637850B2 (en) 2017-05-02
US20150361598A1 (en) 2015-12-17
AU2014224484A1 (en) 2015-08-20
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JP6472090B2 (ja) 2019-02-20
CA2900478A1 (en) 2014-09-12
FR3002954B1 (fr) 2015-07-17
EP2964825B1 (de) 2017-04-19
AU2014224485B2 (en) 2017-08-17
EP2964825A1 (de) 2016-01-13
JP2016514218A (ja) 2016-05-19
CA2900732C (en) 2021-02-02
FR3002954A1 (fr) 2014-09-12
FR3002928A1 (fr) 2014-09-12
US20150354119A1 (en) 2015-12-10
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AU2014224485A1 (en) 2015-08-20
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