EP2953217B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2953217B1
EP2953217B1 EP15168717.5A EP15168717A EP2953217B1 EP 2953217 B1 EP2953217 B1 EP 2953217B1 EP 15168717 A EP15168717 A EP 15168717A EP 2953217 B1 EP2953217 B1 EP 2953217B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head region
slip
oxide
internal combustion
combustion engine
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EP15168717.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2953217A1 (fr
Inventor
Oliver Berkemeier
Clemens Maria Verpoort
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of EP2953217A1 publication Critical patent/EP2953217A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/02—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by wet methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/14—Means for self-cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D7/00—Treating the coatings, e.g. drying before burning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Ignited internal combustion engines require a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture compressed in their combustion chambers.
  • electrically operated spark plugs are used, which serve the controlled provision of the respective spark.
  • the spark forms as an open arc between a center electrode and at least one ground electrode of the spark plug.
  • spark plugs have a main body with a connecting portion, which may have, for example, an external thread. In this way, the spark plug can be screwed into a corresponding opening in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the ground electrode Due to the electrically conductive connection with the connecting portion, the ground electrode already has a ground contact with the vehicle ground in the arrangement of the spark plug in the cylinder head.
  • the center electrode can be connected, for example via an ignition cable with an ignition coil. By the ignition coil, the center electrode can be acted upon with a corresponding ignition voltage.
  • the center electrode and the ground electrode are electrically insulated from each other via a suitable insulator body, since the flashover of the ignition voltage should only take place between the two electrodes.
  • the electrode spacing represents a pre-adjustable criterion in order to obtain the desired combustion of the fuel-air mixture.
  • any deposits can form at the top of the head.
  • the deposits are mostly coal. These carbon deposits are due to the combustion process of each fuel.
  • Such deposits concentrate essentially on the part of the insulator body lying in the head region. Depending on the operating time, these deposits can reach a porous structure several millimeters thick.
  • the resulting problem is due to their electrical conductivity.
  • due to the deposits forming between the metallic regions of the head region of the spark plug misfires and uncontrolled ignition sparks can occur over time.
  • the deposits at the end of a combustion cycle tend to be uncontrolled afterglow; similar to a glow plug. Due to the then disturbed or even incomplete combustion of the fuel-air mixture, this ultimately leads to undesirably high levels of volatile organic substances in the exhaust gas (HC emissions).
  • a catalytic noble metal coating is proposed, which is formed on the lying in the head region of the spark plug tip of the insulator body.
  • the precious metal coating may be platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or rhodium (Rh).
  • the proposed noble metal coating is intended to lower the necessary temperature for the burning off of deposits. This is particularly interesting in the cold start phase of the internal combustion engine, in which there is still no optimal operating temperature. By thus achievable reduction of the burning temperature ultimately the oxidation of the deposits should be accelerated accordingly. With respect to the position of the noble metal coating, this is limited to the center surface of the spark plug facing inner surface of the insulator bore.
  • the insulator bore is usually the opening within the insulator body which releases the center electrode otherwise gripped by the insulator body to allow it to interact with the ground electrode.
  • the DE 42 22 137 B4 is a fuel injector for a diesel internal combustion engine refer. This comprises a nozzle body with these penetrating spray holes, on the wall of which a coating is applied. The coating thickens towards the outlet of the spray holes so that the spray holes taper towards their outlet.
  • the coating itself is made of a hard material such as chromium, nickel, nickel-phosphorus, nickel-boron, nickel-cobalt-boron, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Cr 3 C 2 , SiO 2 , AlSi, NiCr, WTi or WC formed.
  • a fuel injection valve which also has a at least around the mouth region of its outlet opening around a coating.
  • the coating is a catalytically active layer of Co or Ni or cobalt or nickel oxides or oxides of Co or Ni alloys or Ru or Rh or Pd or Os or Ir or Pt or alloys of these metals with each other or with others metals.
  • the JP 2007-309167 A shows a combustion chamber cleaning system for an internal combustion engine.
  • titanium oxide is applied to a surface of an injection opening of an injector.
  • the JP 2005-155618 A discloses a method of forming a coating of titanium oxide on a nozzle of an injector.
  • the JP H05-242954 A discloses the features of the preamble of claim 7.
  • spark plugs for internal combustion engines in particular for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, continue to offer room for improvement.
  • the invention has the object, further develop a method for producing a spark plug and a spark plug for an internal combustion engine to the effect that a cost-effective and integrable in existing production processes possibility of forming a suitable coating is made possible by which a secure function to improve the guaranteed exhaust emissions during operation.
  • the inventive method includes the production of a spark plug for an internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine may particularly preferably be a motor vehicle engine.
  • the spark plug to be produced has a main body which comprises a head region. At least partially a coating is arranged on the head area.
  • the head region is designed to be in the installed state of the spark plug in the internal combustion engine facing at least one of its combustion chambers. In this case, the head region can be arranged at least partially in the associated combustion chamber. In this respect, the head portion is intended to be assigned to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the spark plug itself may have a typical structure. This includes a center electrode and at least one of these spaced and at least partially incorporation of an insulator body with respect to the center electrode electrically isolated ground electrode.
  • the essence of the method according to the invention is the formation of an enamel coating on the head region of the main body of the spark plug. Compared to the arrangement of a noble metal coating, this results in the advantage that the enamel coating according to the invention already largely prevents the deposition of oil carbon. In this respect, the enamel coating does not serve to lower the necessary temperature for burnup of such deposits, but at least prevents or reduces its formation from the beginning.
  • the enamel coating according to the invention acts as an additional insulator, so that any penetration of the spark is reliably prevented. This is particularly relevant if, over time, possible deposits on the head area should form. Since the deposits are electrically conductive, in the known in the prior art arrangement of a likewise electrically conductive noble metal coating, an uncontrolled, and harmful spark arise, which is avoidable with the invention.
  • the arrangement of the enamel coating according to the invention can be integrated in an advantageous manner easily in existing manufacturing processes of spark plugs. Due to the heat-resistant properties of an enamel coating, it is extremely resistant in terms of its place of use and the associated and acting on it thermal stresses.
  • the enamel coating may particularly preferably be an oxidic as well as smooth and catalytically effective enamel coating.
  • the enamel coating can also be designed as a "clean enamel" his.
  • Such enamel coatings are known, for example, in the lining of household appliances such as ovens. These include a self-cleaning effect when the oven is operated at a higher temperature than usual. This is then a cleaning annealing, in which any adherent deposits such as oil deposits can be degraded purely catalytically without mechanical action.
  • slip is understood as the starting point for the enamel coating to be arranged.
  • This may preferably be a mass in the form of a mineral mixture, which is in a liquid, pulpy to viscous consistency and is applied in a suitable manner to the roughened or the parts of the head region.
  • a contact or contactless method with respect to the use of a coating agent is conceivable for the application.
  • the slip can be applied with the aid of a job roll or application brush.
  • the order can be done for example by dipping or spraying, in particular airless spraying.
  • the subsequent drying of the applied slurry can be carried out, for example, in ambient air or by flowing on heated air.
  • the subsequent heating of the dried slurry serves to form the enamel coating.
  • heating also means annealing, sintering or baking.
  • a metallic part of the spark plug located within the head region can be at least partially roughened and provided with the slip before heating.
  • the invention provides that the enamel coating can be formed on metallic parts of the head region.
  • the finished enamel coating can extend over an inner and an outer part of the head region.
  • an inner part is hereby understood that area which faces the mostly central center electrode.
  • the outer part is that region which faces away from the center electrode. Due to its electrically insulating effect, the enamel coating on the inner part has the task of effectively preventing a possible strike-through of the spark via already existing deposits. Their arrangement on the outer part, however, primarily serves to prevent deposits, which otherwise lead to high emission values due to their afterglow.
  • a part of the insulator body situated within the head region is at least partially roughened and provided with the slip.
  • the arrangement of the enamel coating also extends to areas of the insulator body.
  • An advantageous further development of the invention provides that a possible overspray of the applied slip after its drying can be at least partially removed mechanically before heating. This is primarily about the center electrode and / or the at least one ground electrode. The goal is the formation of a controlled and sufficient spark, for which the corresponding electrons should be as bright as possible. Depending on the method of application of the slurry used, it may therefore be necessary to remove the undesired orders of the slurry referred to as overspray locally before it is heated.
  • the basis for the application of the slip is created by a suitable Aufrauvon the head area.
  • the invention provides for this that the first required roughening of parts of the head area or the entire head area can be done for example by means of steel gravel beams.
  • further Aufrauvon are conceivable, which allow a suitable pre-processing of the respective surfaces for the order of the slip.
  • the roughening serves primarily to create a durable bond between the surface of the head area and the enamel coating. This can thereby anchor itself better in the surface of the head area.
  • by roughening the contact surface can be increased.
  • the heating of the applied slurry in a temperature range of 800 ° C to 900 ° C can be performed. More preferably, the heating can be done using a shielding gas. By heating under a protective gas, the formation of scale and tarnishing layers, in particular on the external thread of the spark plug can be effectively prevented.
  • the now presented inventive method for producing a spark plug enables a cost-effective and easily integrated into existing production processes possibility of forming a coating in the form of an enamel coating. Due to the electrically insulating effect of the temperature-resistant enamel coating in combination with their prevention of deposits overall safe operation of the spark plug is guaranteed to improve the exhaust emissions produced during operation.
  • the invention further relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular for such a motor vehicle.
  • the spark plug may preferably have been produced by the method according to the invention presented above.
  • the spark plug comprises a main body with a head portion, which is intended to be associated with a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, at least partially a coating is arranged on the head area.
  • the coating is an enamel coating.
  • the coating may include at least email.
  • the enamel coating is formed from a slip.
  • the composition of the slip it is provided that it can be composed of at least one glass-forming oxide together with at least one further constituent and if necessary additionally of at least one clouding agent.
  • the enamel coating according to the invention is preferably a melt mixture. At the enamel temperature, the glass-forming oxides melt together to form a glass melt.
  • Base enamels contain about 23-34% by weight (by weight) of borax, 28-52% by weight of feldspar, 5-20% by weight of quartz, about 5% by weight of fluoride, and the balance of soda and sodium nitrate.
  • the oxides of Ti, Zr and Mo can serve.
  • ceramic pigments such as e.g. Iron oxides, chromium oxides and spinels may be included.
  • the substances mentioned are finely ground and melted in a preferred embodiment.
  • the melt is quenched, so preferably added to water, wherein the resulting granular glassy frit is finely ground again in the subsequent step.
  • 30% to 40% of water is added together with clay and quartz flour.
  • the opacifiers and color oxides mentioned are added.
  • an enamel slip is formed, which for a better mixture should rest for some time, preferably a few days, before the enamel slip would continue to be used.
  • suitable adjusting means it is ensured that a uniform layer thickness results.
  • this may preferably have a high content of cerium oxide (CeO). Due to its catalytic effect will be evaporated on the surface of the enamel coating settling fuel droplets. As a result, no deposits can form, which could later have negative effects on the exhaust emissions. Furthermore, this can be the start temperature for burning the fuel and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reduced in an advantageous manner. As a result, the emission values of the internal combustion engine can also be reduced.
  • CeO cerium oxide
  • the enamel coating may contain a high proportion of aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 to increase the dielectric strength against a spark.
  • the enamel coating can have a layer thickness of 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 1 the longitudinal section through a spark plug 1 according to the invention can be seen. For reasons of clarity, this is noticeably reduced to the connecting part of a main body 2 of the spark plug 1. This essentially shows the area which is designed for the production of a spark not shown in detail of the spark plug 1.
  • the longitudinal section shows the typical structure of the spark plug 1 from a center electrode 3 extending in a longitudinal direction x of the spark plug 1, which is encompassed by an insulator body 4.
  • the insulator body 4 may be a porcelain body.
  • the insulator body 4 is not closer shown manner tubular, wherein the pin-shaped center electrode 3 is disposed within the insulator body 4.
  • the insulator body 4 serves for the electrical insulation of the center electrode 3 with respect to the further metallic regions of the base body 2.
  • the insulator body 4 also serves for the electrical insulation of the center electrode 3 with respect to a ground electrode 5, which is arranged on the base body 2.
  • the ground electrode 5 is angled bow-shaped, wherein it extends from an end face 6 of the base body 2 initially in the direction of the longitudinal direction x and then angled over the center electrode 3.
  • the center electrode 3 and the ground electrode 5 are spaced from one another by forming an electrode spacing a.
  • the base body 2 has an external thread 7 on its outer circumference.
  • the external thread 7 serves to couple the spark plug 1 to the bore of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine (not shown in greater detail).
  • the bore not shown, has a corresponding internal thread which can be brought into engagement with the external thread 7 of the main body 2 of the spark plug 1.
  • the spark plug 1 is a head portion 8, which is provided for the corresponding arrangement or orientation to a not apparent combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the base body 2 in the head region 8 is tubular, wherein a portion of the insulator body 4, together with the center electrode 3 arranged therein, is arranged within the base body 2 and is spaced from it.
  • an annular gap 9 is formed between an inner side region of the main body 2 and an outer side region of the insulator body 4 together with the center electrode 3.
  • a coating in the form of an enamel coating 10 is arranged on the head region 8.
  • the enamel coating 10 extends over the annular gap 9 and thus over the corresponding inner side region of the main body 2 and the corresponding Furthermore, the enamel coating 10 also surrounds the end face 6 of the main body 2 as far as the projection of the external thread 7 of the main body 2. Furthermore, the section of the ground electrode 5 extending in the longitudinal direction x is also substantially separated from the enamel body. Coating 10 encompassed.
  • Fig. 2 shows the head area 8 again in a simplified form.
  • the cuts are not passed through the insulator body 4, so that this covers the center electrode 3 extending therein.
  • the enamel coating 10 ends at the end face 6 of the main body 2.
  • the enamel coating 10 extends significantly farther over the ground electrode 5, in particular over three quarters of the angled portion of the ground electrode 5, so that these sections only at their free end is uncoated.
  • the enamel coating 10 has a sufficient layer thickness in order to achieve a high dielectric strength against a spark.
  • the layer thickness is presently from 100 microns to 250 microns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie d'allumage (1) pour un moteur à combustion, notamment d'un véhicule automobile, comprenant un corps de base (2) ayant une zone de tête (8), qui est conçue pour être associée à une chambre de combustion du moteur à combustion, un revêtement étant disposé au moins partiellement sur la zone de tête (8) du corps de base (2),
    comprenant au moins les étapes suivantes :
    - grainage au moins partiel de la zone de tête (8) du corps de base (2) ainsi que d'une partie d'un corps d'isolateur (4) qui est logée à l'intérieur de la zone de tête (8),
    - application de barbotine sur la zone de tête (8) grainée du corps de base (2) ainsi que de la partie d'un corps d'isolateur (4) qui est logée à l'intérieur de la zone de tête (8),
    - séchage de la barbotine appliquée,
    - chauffage de la barbotine appliquée sur la zone de tête (8) grainée du corps de base (2) ainsi que de la partie d'un corps d'isolateur (4) qui est logée à l'intérieur de la zone de tête (8) en vue de former un revêtement d'émail (10).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'avant le chauffage, une partie métallique de la bougie d'allumage (1) qui est logée à l'intérieur de la zone de tête (8) est au moins partiellement grainée et pourvue de la barbotine.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un excès de pulvérisation de la barbotine appliquée sur une électrode centrale (3) et/ou une électrode de masse (4) est au moins partiellement retiré mécaniquement après son séchage et avant le chauffage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le grainage de la zone de tête (8) est effectué au moyen d'un grenaillage à la grenaille d'acier.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage de la barbotine est effectué dans une plage de températures de 800 °C à 900 °C, notamment en utilisant un gaz protecteur.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la barbotine contient au moins un oxyde vitrifiable du groupe suivant
    - oxyde de silicium (SiO2),
    - oxyde de bore (B2O3),
    - oxyde de sodium (Na2O),
    - oxyde de potassium (K2O),
    - oxyde d'aluminium (Al2O3),
    et possède aussi au moins un composant du groupe suivant
    - borax,
    - feldspath,
    - quartz,
    - fluorure,
    - soude,
    - nitrate de sodium
    et comporte, au besoin, au moins un agent de turbidité du groupe suivant
    - titane (Ti),
    - zirconium (Zr),
    - molybdène (Mo).
  7. Bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion, notamment fabriquée avec un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant un corps de base (2) ayant une zone de tête (8), qui est conçue pour être associée à une chambre de combustion du moteur à combustion, un revêtement étant disposé au moins partiellement sur la zone de tête (8) du corps de base (2),
    caractérisée en ce que
    le revêtement est un revêtement d'émail (10) qui est disposé sur la zone de tête (8) au moins partiellement grainée du corps de base (2) ainsi que d'une partie d'un corps d'isolateur (4) qui est logée à l'intérieur de la zone de tête (8).
  8. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement d'émail (1) est formé à partir d'une barbotine, la barbotine contenant au moins un oxyde vitrifiable du groupe suivant
    - oxyde de silicium (SiO2),
    - oxyde de bore (B2O3),
    - oxyde de sodium (Na2O),
    - oxyde de potassium (K2O),
    - oxyde d'aluminium (Al2O3),
    et possédant aussi au moins un composant du groupe suivant
    - borax,
    - feldspath,
    - quartz,
    - fluorure,
    - soude,
    - nitrate de sodium
    et comportant, au besoin, au moins un agent de turbidité du groupe suivant
    - titane (Ti),
    - zirconium (Zr),
    - molybdène (Mo).
  9. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement d'émail (10) possède au moins un oxyde du groupe suivant
    - oxyde de cobalt
    - oxyde de manganèse
    - oxyde de nickel.
  10. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement d'émail (10) possède une épaisseur de couche de 100 µm à 250 µm.
EP15168717.5A 2014-06-06 2015-05-21 Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne Active EP2953217B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014210922.1A DE102014210922A1 (de) 2014-06-06 2014-06-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2953217A1 EP2953217A1 (fr) 2015-12-09
EP2953217B1 true EP2953217B1 (fr) 2019-07-10

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2953217B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105186292B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014210922A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2703873C2 (fr)

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US10815896B2 (en) * 2017-12-05 2020-10-27 General Electric Company Igniter with protective alumina coating for turbine engines
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CN105186292A (zh) 2015-12-23
RU2015121744A (ru) 2016-12-27
RU2703873C2 (ru) 2019-10-22
RU2015121744A3 (fr) 2019-01-18
EP2953217A1 (fr) 2015-12-09
DE102014210922A1 (de) 2015-12-17
CN105186292B (zh) 2020-07-14

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