EP2953217B1 - Process for producing an ignition plug for an internal combustion engine and ignition plug for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Process for producing an ignition plug for an internal combustion engine and ignition plug for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2953217B1
EP2953217B1 EP15168717.5A EP15168717A EP2953217B1 EP 2953217 B1 EP2953217 B1 EP 2953217B1 EP 15168717 A EP15168717 A EP 15168717A EP 2953217 B1 EP2953217 B1 EP 2953217B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head region
slip
oxide
internal combustion
combustion engine
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EP15168717.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2953217A1 (en
Inventor
Oliver Berkemeier
Clemens Maria Verpoort
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/02—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by wet methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/14—Means for self-cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D7/00—Treating the coatings, e.g. drying before burning

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Ignited internal combustion engines require a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture compressed in their combustion chambers.
  • electrically operated spark plugs are used, which serve the controlled provision of the respective spark.
  • the spark forms as an open arc between a center electrode and at least one ground electrode of the spark plug.
  • spark plugs have a main body with a connecting portion, which may have, for example, an external thread. In this way, the spark plug can be screwed into a corresponding opening in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.
  • the ground electrode Due to the electrically conductive connection with the connecting portion, the ground electrode already has a ground contact with the vehicle ground in the arrangement of the spark plug in the cylinder head.
  • the center electrode can be connected, for example via an ignition cable with an ignition coil. By the ignition coil, the center electrode can be acted upon with a corresponding ignition voltage.
  • the center electrode and the ground electrode are electrically insulated from each other via a suitable insulator body, since the flashover of the ignition voltage should only take place between the two electrodes.
  • the electrode spacing represents a pre-adjustable criterion in order to obtain the desired combustion of the fuel-air mixture.
  • any deposits can form at the top of the head.
  • the deposits are mostly coal. These carbon deposits are due to the combustion process of each fuel.
  • Such deposits concentrate essentially on the part of the insulator body lying in the head region. Depending on the operating time, these deposits can reach a porous structure several millimeters thick.
  • the resulting problem is due to their electrical conductivity.
  • due to the deposits forming between the metallic regions of the head region of the spark plug misfires and uncontrolled ignition sparks can occur over time.
  • the deposits at the end of a combustion cycle tend to be uncontrolled afterglow; similar to a glow plug. Due to the then disturbed or even incomplete combustion of the fuel-air mixture, this ultimately leads to undesirably high levels of volatile organic substances in the exhaust gas (HC emissions).
  • a catalytic noble metal coating is proposed, which is formed on the lying in the head region of the spark plug tip of the insulator body.
  • the precious metal coating may be platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or rhodium (Rh).
  • the proposed noble metal coating is intended to lower the necessary temperature for the burning off of deposits. This is particularly interesting in the cold start phase of the internal combustion engine, in which there is still no optimal operating temperature. By thus achievable reduction of the burning temperature ultimately the oxidation of the deposits should be accelerated accordingly. With respect to the position of the noble metal coating, this is limited to the center surface of the spark plug facing inner surface of the insulator bore.
  • the insulator bore is usually the opening within the insulator body which releases the center electrode otherwise gripped by the insulator body to allow it to interact with the ground electrode.
  • the DE 42 22 137 B4 is a fuel injector for a diesel internal combustion engine refer. This comprises a nozzle body with these penetrating spray holes, on the wall of which a coating is applied. The coating thickens towards the outlet of the spray holes so that the spray holes taper towards their outlet.
  • the coating itself is made of a hard material such as chromium, nickel, nickel-phosphorus, nickel-boron, nickel-cobalt-boron, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Cr 3 C 2 , SiO 2 , AlSi, NiCr, WTi or WC formed.
  • a fuel injection valve which also has a at least around the mouth region of its outlet opening around a coating.
  • the coating is a catalytically active layer of Co or Ni or cobalt or nickel oxides or oxides of Co or Ni alloys or Ru or Rh or Pd or Os or Ir or Pt or alloys of these metals with each other or with others metals.
  • the JP 2007-309167 A shows a combustion chamber cleaning system for an internal combustion engine.
  • titanium oxide is applied to a surface of an injection opening of an injector.
  • the JP 2005-155618 A discloses a method of forming a coating of titanium oxide on a nozzle of an injector.
  • the JP H05-242954 A discloses the features of the preamble of claim 7.
  • spark plugs for internal combustion engines in particular for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, continue to offer room for improvement.
  • the invention has the object, further develop a method for producing a spark plug and a spark plug for an internal combustion engine to the effect that a cost-effective and integrable in existing production processes possibility of forming a suitable coating is made possible by which a secure function to improve the guaranteed exhaust emissions during operation.
  • the inventive method includes the production of a spark plug for an internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine may particularly preferably be a motor vehicle engine.
  • the spark plug to be produced has a main body which comprises a head region. At least partially a coating is arranged on the head area.
  • the head region is designed to be in the installed state of the spark plug in the internal combustion engine facing at least one of its combustion chambers. In this case, the head region can be arranged at least partially in the associated combustion chamber. In this respect, the head portion is intended to be assigned to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the spark plug itself may have a typical structure. This includes a center electrode and at least one of these spaced and at least partially incorporation of an insulator body with respect to the center electrode electrically isolated ground electrode.
  • the essence of the method according to the invention is the formation of an enamel coating on the head region of the main body of the spark plug. Compared to the arrangement of a noble metal coating, this results in the advantage that the enamel coating according to the invention already largely prevents the deposition of oil carbon. In this respect, the enamel coating does not serve to lower the necessary temperature for burnup of such deposits, but at least prevents or reduces its formation from the beginning.
  • the enamel coating according to the invention acts as an additional insulator, so that any penetration of the spark is reliably prevented. This is particularly relevant if, over time, possible deposits on the head area should form. Since the deposits are electrically conductive, in the known in the prior art arrangement of a likewise electrically conductive noble metal coating, an uncontrolled, and harmful spark arise, which is avoidable with the invention.
  • the arrangement of the enamel coating according to the invention can be integrated in an advantageous manner easily in existing manufacturing processes of spark plugs. Due to the heat-resistant properties of an enamel coating, it is extremely resistant in terms of its place of use and the associated and acting on it thermal stresses.
  • the enamel coating may particularly preferably be an oxidic as well as smooth and catalytically effective enamel coating.
  • the enamel coating can also be designed as a "clean enamel" his.
  • Such enamel coatings are known, for example, in the lining of household appliances such as ovens. These include a self-cleaning effect when the oven is operated at a higher temperature than usual. This is then a cleaning annealing, in which any adherent deposits such as oil deposits can be degraded purely catalytically without mechanical action.
  • slip is understood as the starting point for the enamel coating to be arranged.
  • This may preferably be a mass in the form of a mineral mixture, which is in a liquid, pulpy to viscous consistency and is applied in a suitable manner to the roughened or the parts of the head region.
  • a contact or contactless method with respect to the use of a coating agent is conceivable for the application.
  • the slip can be applied with the aid of a job roll or application brush.
  • the order can be done for example by dipping or spraying, in particular airless spraying.
  • the subsequent drying of the applied slurry can be carried out, for example, in ambient air or by flowing on heated air.
  • the subsequent heating of the dried slurry serves to form the enamel coating.
  • heating also means annealing, sintering or baking.
  • a metallic part of the spark plug located within the head region can be at least partially roughened and provided with the slip before heating.
  • the invention provides that the enamel coating can be formed on metallic parts of the head region.
  • the finished enamel coating can extend over an inner and an outer part of the head region.
  • an inner part is hereby understood that area which faces the mostly central center electrode.
  • the outer part is that region which faces away from the center electrode. Due to its electrically insulating effect, the enamel coating on the inner part has the task of effectively preventing a possible strike-through of the spark via already existing deposits. Their arrangement on the outer part, however, primarily serves to prevent deposits, which otherwise lead to high emission values due to their afterglow.
  • a part of the insulator body situated within the head region is at least partially roughened and provided with the slip.
  • the arrangement of the enamel coating also extends to areas of the insulator body.
  • An advantageous further development of the invention provides that a possible overspray of the applied slip after its drying can be at least partially removed mechanically before heating. This is primarily about the center electrode and / or the at least one ground electrode. The goal is the formation of a controlled and sufficient spark, for which the corresponding electrons should be as bright as possible. Depending on the method of application of the slurry used, it may therefore be necessary to remove the undesired orders of the slurry referred to as overspray locally before it is heated.
  • the basis for the application of the slip is created by a suitable Aufrauvon the head area.
  • the invention provides for this that the first required roughening of parts of the head area or the entire head area can be done for example by means of steel gravel beams.
  • further Aufrauvon are conceivable, which allow a suitable pre-processing of the respective surfaces for the order of the slip.
  • the roughening serves primarily to create a durable bond between the surface of the head area and the enamel coating. This can thereby anchor itself better in the surface of the head area.
  • by roughening the contact surface can be increased.
  • the heating of the applied slurry in a temperature range of 800 ° C to 900 ° C can be performed. More preferably, the heating can be done using a shielding gas. By heating under a protective gas, the formation of scale and tarnishing layers, in particular on the external thread of the spark plug can be effectively prevented.
  • the now presented inventive method for producing a spark plug enables a cost-effective and easily integrated into existing production processes possibility of forming a coating in the form of an enamel coating. Due to the electrically insulating effect of the temperature-resistant enamel coating in combination with their prevention of deposits overall safe operation of the spark plug is guaranteed to improve the exhaust emissions produced during operation.
  • the invention further relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular for such a motor vehicle.
  • the spark plug may preferably have been produced by the method according to the invention presented above.
  • the spark plug comprises a main body with a head portion, which is intended to be associated with a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, at least partially a coating is arranged on the head area.
  • the coating is an enamel coating.
  • the coating may include at least email.
  • the enamel coating is formed from a slip.
  • the composition of the slip it is provided that it can be composed of at least one glass-forming oxide together with at least one further constituent and if necessary additionally of at least one clouding agent.
  • the enamel coating according to the invention is preferably a melt mixture. At the enamel temperature, the glass-forming oxides melt together to form a glass melt.
  • Base enamels contain about 23-34% by weight (by weight) of borax, 28-52% by weight of feldspar, 5-20% by weight of quartz, about 5% by weight of fluoride, and the balance of soda and sodium nitrate.
  • the oxides of Ti, Zr and Mo can serve.
  • ceramic pigments such as e.g. Iron oxides, chromium oxides and spinels may be included.
  • the substances mentioned are finely ground and melted in a preferred embodiment.
  • the melt is quenched, so preferably added to water, wherein the resulting granular glassy frit is finely ground again in the subsequent step.
  • 30% to 40% of water is added together with clay and quartz flour.
  • the opacifiers and color oxides mentioned are added.
  • an enamel slip is formed, which for a better mixture should rest for some time, preferably a few days, before the enamel slip would continue to be used.
  • suitable adjusting means it is ensured that a uniform layer thickness results.
  • this may preferably have a high content of cerium oxide (CeO). Due to its catalytic effect will be evaporated on the surface of the enamel coating settling fuel droplets. As a result, no deposits can form, which could later have negative effects on the exhaust emissions. Furthermore, this can be the start temperature for burning the fuel and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reduced in an advantageous manner. As a result, the emission values of the internal combustion engine can also be reduced.
  • CeO cerium oxide
  • the enamel coating may contain a high proportion of aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 to increase the dielectric strength against a spark.
  • the enamel coating can have a layer thickness of 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 1 the longitudinal section through a spark plug 1 according to the invention can be seen. For reasons of clarity, this is noticeably reduced to the connecting part of a main body 2 of the spark plug 1. This essentially shows the area which is designed for the production of a spark not shown in detail of the spark plug 1.
  • the longitudinal section shows the typical structure of the spark plug 1 from a center electrode 3 extending in a longitudinal direction x of the spark plug 1, which is encompassed by an insulator body 4.
  • the insulator body 4 may be a porcelain body.
  • the insulator body 4 is not closer shown manner tubular, wherein the pin-shaped center electrode 3 is disposed within the insulator body 4.
  • the insulator body 4 serves for the electrical insulation of the center electrode 3 with respect to the further metallic regions of the base body 2.
  • the insulator body 4 also serves for the electrical insulation of the center electrode 3 with respect to a ground electrode 5, which is arranged on the base body 2.
  • the ground electrode 5 is angled bow-shaped, wherein it extends from an end face 6 of the base body 2 initially in the direction of the longitudinal direction x and then angled over the center electrode 3.
  • the center electrode 3 and the ground electrode 5 are spaced from one another by forming an electrode spacing a.
  • the base body 2 has an external thread 7 on its outer circumference.
  • the external thread 7 serves to couple the spark plug 1 to the bore of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine (not shown in greater detail).
  • the bore not shown, has a corresponding internal thread which can be brought into engagement with the external thread 7 of the main body 2 of the spark plug 1.
  • the spark plug 1 is a head portion 8, which is provided for the corresponding arrangement or orientation to a not apparent combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the base body 2 in the head region 8 is tubular, wherein a portion of the insulator body 4, together with the center electrode 3 arranged therein, is arranged within the base body 2 and is spaced from it.
  • an annular gap 9 is formed between an inner side region of the main body 2 and an outer side region of the insulator body 4 together with the center electrode 3.
  • a coating in the form of an enamel coating 10 is arranged on the head region 8.
  • the enamel coating 10 extends over the annular gap 9 and thus over the corresponding inner side region of the main body 2 and the corresponding Furthermore, the enamel coating 10 also surrounds the end face 6 of the main body 2 as far as the projection of the external thread 7 of the main body 2. Furthermore, the section of the ground electrode 5 extending in the longitudinal direction x is also substantially separated from the enamel body. Coating 10 encompassed.
  • Fig. 2 shows the head area 8 again in a simplified form.
  • the cuts are not passed through the insulator body 4, so that this covers the center electrode 3 extending therein.
  • the enamel coating 10 ends at the end face 6 of the main body 2.
  • the enamel coating 10 extends significantly farther over the ground electrode 5, in particular over three quarters of the angled portion of the ground electrode 5, so that these sections only at their free end is uncoated.
  • the enamel coating 10 has a sufficient layer thickness in order to achieve a high dielectric strength against a spark.
  • the layer thickness is presently from 100 microns to 250 microns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 7.The present invention relates to a method for producing a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 7.

Fremdgezündete Verbrennungsmotoren benötigen einen Zündfunken, um das in ihren Verbrennungsräumen verdichtete Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch zu entzünden. Hierzu werden elektrisch betriebene Zündkerzen eingesetzt, welche der kontrollierten Bereitstellung des jeweiligen Zündfunkens dienen. In deren Betrieb bildet sich der Zündfunke als offener Lichtbogen zwischen einer Mittelelektrode und wenigstens einer Masseelektrode der Zündkerze aus. Üblicherweise besitzen Zündkerzen einen Grundkörper mit einem Verbindungsabschnitt, welcher beispielsweise ein Außengewinde aufweisen kann. Auf diese Weise kann die Zündkerze in eine korrespondierende Öffnung im Zylinderkopf des Verbrennungsmotors eingeschraubt werden.Ignited internal combustion engines require a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture compressed in their combustion chambers. For this purpose, electrically operated spark plugs are used, which serve the controlled provision of the respective spark. In its operation, the spark forms as an open arc between a center electrode and at least one ground electrode of the spark plug. Typically, spark plugs have a main body with a connecting portion, which may have, for example, an external thread. In this way, the spark plug can be screwed into a corresponding opening in the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine.

Durch die elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung mit dem Verbindungsabschnitt weist die Masseelektrode bereits bei der Anordnung der Zündkerze in dem Zylinderkopf einen Massekontakt mit der Fahrzeugmasse auf. Demgegenüber kann die Mittelelektrode beispielsweise über ein Zündkabel mit einer Zündspule verbunden werden. Durch die Zündspule kann die Mittelelektrode mit einer entsprechenden Zündspannung beaufschlagt werden. Hierzu sind Mittelelektrode und Masseelektrode über einen geeigneten Isolatorkörper elektrisch voneinander isoliert, da der Überschlag der Zündspannung lediglich zwischen den beiden Elektroden erfolgen soll. Der Elektrodenabstand stellt dabei ein vorab einstellbares Kriterium dar, um die gewünschte Verbrennung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches zu erhalten.Due to the electrically conductive connection with the connecting portion, the ground electrode already has a ground contact with the vehicle ground in the arrangement of the spark plug in the cylinder head. In contrast, the center electrode can be connected, for example via an ignition cable with an ignition coil. By the ignition coil, the center electrode can be acted upon with a corresponding ignition voltage. For this purpose, the center electrode and the ground electrode are electrically insulated from each other via a suitable insulator body, since the flashover of the ignition voltage should only take place between the two electrodes. The electrode spacing represents a pre-adjustable criterion in order to obtain the desired combustion of the fuel-air mixture.

Bei der Anordnung einer Zündkerze ist deren den Elektrodenabstand aufweisendes Ende dem zugehörigen Verbrennungsraum des Verbrennungsmotors zugewandt. Besagtes Ende wird im Rahmen der Erfindung als Kopfbereich der Zündkerze benannt.
Im Betrieb von Zündkerzen ist bekannt, dass sich an deren Kopfbereich etwaige Ablagerungen bilden können. Bei den Ablagerungen handelt es sich zumeist um Ölkohle. Diese Ölkohleablagerungen sind auf den Verbrennungsprozess des jeweiligen Kraftstoffs zurückzuführen. Dabei konzentrieren sich derartige Ablagerungen im Wesentlichen auf den im Kopfbereich liegenden Teil des Isolatorkörpers. Je nach Betriebszeit können diese Ablagerungen eine poröse Struktur von mehreren Millimetern Dicke erreichen.In the arrangement of a spark plug whose the electrode spacing exhibiting end facing the associated combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Said end is named in the context of the invention as a head portion of the spark plug.
In the operation of spark plugs it is known that any deposits can form at the top of the head. The deposits are mostly coal. These carbon deposits are due to the combustion process of each fuel. Such deposits concentrate essentially on the part of the insulator body lying in the head region. Depending on the operating time, these deposits can reach a porous structure several millimeters thick.

Das sich hieraus ergebende Problem ist auf deren elektrische Leitfähigkeit zurückzuführen. Insbesondere durch die sich zwischen den metallischen Bereichen des Kopfbereiches der Zündkerze ausbildenden Ablagerungen können mit der Zeit Fehlzündungen und unkontrollierte Zündfunken entstehen. Überdies zeigen die Ablagerungen am Ende eines Verbrennungszyklus die Tendenz zum unkontrollierten Nachglühen; ähnlich einer Glühkerze. Aufgrund der dann gestörten oder gar unvollständigen Verbrennung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisches führt dies letztlich zu unerwünscht hohen Werten an flüchtigen organischen Substanzen im Abgas (HC-Emissionen).The resulting problem is due to their electrical conductivity. In particular, due to the deposits forming between the metallic regions of the head region of the spark plug, misfires and uncontrolled ignition sparks can occur over time. Moreover, the deposits at the end of a combustion cycle tend to be uncontrolled afterglow; similar to a glow plug. Due to the then disturbed or even incomplete combustion of the fuel-air mixture, this ultimately leads to undesirably high levels of volatile organic substances in the exhaust gas (HC emissions).

Im Stand der Technik sind bereits diverse Ausgestaltungen von Zündkerzen bekannt. Neben deren reinen Funktion als Zündmittel wurden dabei auch bereits Lösungen zur Vermeidung der in Rede stehenden Ablagerungen aufgezeigt.Various designs of spark plugs are already known in the prior art. Apart from their pure function as ignition means, solutions for avoiding the deposits in question have already been shown.

So offenbart die EP 1 557 918 A1 eine Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor, mit welcher das Auftreten von Nebenschlüssen durch die elektrisch leitfähigen Ablagerungen dauerhaft vermieden werden sollen. Hierzu wird eine katalytische Edelmetallbeschichtung vorgeschlagen, welche auf der im Kopfbereich der Zündkerze liegenden Fußspitze des Isolatorkörpers ausgebildet wird. Bei der Edelmetallbeschichtung kann es sich um Platin (Pt), Palladium (Pd) oder um Rhodium (Rh) handeln.So revealed the EP 1 557 918 A1 a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, with which the occurrence of shunts by the electrically conductive deposits to be permanently avoided. For this purpose, a catalytic noble metal coating is proposed, which is formed on the lying in the head region of the spark plug tip of the insulator body. The precious metal coating may be platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or rhodium (Rh).

Durch die vorgeschlagene Edelmetallbeschichtung soll die notwendige Temperatur zum Abbrand von Ablagerungen gesenkt werden. Dies ist insbesondere in der Kaltstartphase des Verbrennungsmotors interessant, in der noch keine optimale Betriebstemperatur vorliegt. Durch die so erreichbare Absenkung der Abbrandtemperatur soll letztlich die Oxidation der Ablagerungen entsprechend beschleunigt werden. In Bezug auf die Lage der Edelmetallbeschichtung ist diese auf die der Mittelelektrode der Zündkerze zugewandte Innenfläche der Isolatorbohrung beschränkt. Bei der Isolatorbohrung handelt es sich in üblicher Weise um jene Öffnung innerhalb des Isolatorkörpers, welche die ansonsten von dem Isolatorkörper umgriffene Mittelelektrode freigibt, damit diese mit der Masseelektrode interagieren kann.The proposed noble metal coating is intended to lower the necessary temperature for the burning off of deposits. This is particularly interesting in the cold start phase of the internal combustion engine, in which there is still no optimal operating temperature. By thus achievable reduction of the burning temperature ultimately the oxidation of the deposits should be accelerated accordingly. With respect to the position of the noble metal coating, this is limited to the center surface of the spark plug facing inner surface of the insulator bore. The insulator bore is usually the opening within the insulator body which releases the center electrode otherwise gripped by the insulator body to allow it to interact with the ground electrode.

Der DE 42 22 137 B4 ist eine Kraftstoff-Einspritzdüse für eine Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine zu entnehmen. Diese umfasst einen Düsenkörper mit diesen durchdringenden Spritzlöchern, auf deren Wandung eine Beschichtung aufgebracht ist. Die Beschichtung verdickt sich zum Auslauf der Spritzlöcher hin, so dass die Spritzlöcher sich zu ihrem Auslauf hin verjüngen. Die Beschichtung selbst ist aus einem Hartstoff wie etwa Chrom, Nickel, Nickel-Phosphor, Nickel-Bor, Nickel-Kobalt-Bor, Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, Cr3C2, SiO2, AlSi, NiCr, WTi oder WC gebildet.The DE 42 22 137 B4 is a fuel injector for a diesel internal combustion engine refer. This comprises a nozzle body with these penetrating spray holes, on the wall of which a coating is applied. The coating thickens towards the outlet of the spray holes so that the spray holes taper towards their outlet. The coating itself is made of a hard material such as chromium, nickel, nickel-phosphorus, nickel-boron, nickel-cobalt-boron, Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Cr 3 C 2 , SiO 2 , AlSi, NiCr, WTi or WC formed.

Aus der DE 199 51 014 A1 geht ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil hervor, welches ebenfalls eine zumindest um den Mündungsbereich seiner Austrittsöffnung herum eine Beschichtung aufweist. Bei der Beschichtung handelt es sich um eine katalytisch wirksame Schicht aus Co oder Ni oder Kobalt- oder Nickeloxiden oder Oxiden von Co- oder Ni- Legierungen oder Ru oder Rh oder Pd oder Os oder Ir oder Pt oder Legierungen dieser Metalle untereinander bzw. mit anderen Metallen.From the DE 199 51 014 A1 goes out a fuel injection valve, which also has a at least around the mouth region of its outlet opening around a coating. The coating is a catalytically active layer of Co or Ni or cobalt or nickel oxides or oxides of Co or Ni alloys or Ru or Rh or Pd or Os or Ir or Pt or alloys of these metals with each other or with others metals.

Die JP 2007-309167 A zeigt ein Brennkammerreinigungssystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor. Hierzu wird Titanoxid auf einer Oberfläche einer Einspritzöffnung eines Injektors aufgetragen.The JP 2007-309167 A shows a combustion chamber cleaning system for an internal combustion engine. For this purpose, titanium oxide is applied to a surface of an injection opening of an injector.

Die JP 2005-155618 A offenbart ein Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer Beschichtung aus Titanoxid an einer Düse eines Einspritzventils.The JP 2005-155618 A discloses a method of forming a coating of titanium oxide on a nozzle of an injector.

Die JP H05-242954 A offenbart die Merkmale des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 7.The JP H05-242954 A discloses the features of the preamble of claim 7.

Im Ergebnis kann durch die Anordnung der Edelmetallbeschichtung zwar beispielsweise die Verbrennung bereits vorhandener Ablagerungen beschleunigt werden, allerdings kann es aufgrund ihrer Eigenschaften und deren lokalen Anordnung auch weiterhin sowohl zu unkontrollierten Zündungen als auch zum Nachglimmen kommen. Insgesamt erlauben daher bis jetzt weder auf physikalische oder chemische Gasphasenabscheidung (PVD/CVD) zurückgehende noch auf galvanischen Maßnahmen beruhende Verfahren die Herstellung geeigneter Beschichtungen, um die Bildung von Ablagerungen und die damit einhergehenden Nachteile zuverlässig zu verhindern.As a result, although the arrangement of the noble metal coating, for example, the combustion of existing deposits are accelerated, but it can continue to come due to their properties and their local arrangement continue to both uncontrolled ignitions and afterglow. Overall, therefore, neither based on physical or chemical vapor deposition (PVD / CVD) nor based on galvanic methods allow the production of suitable coatings to reliably prevent the formation of deposits and the associated disadvantages.

Angesichts dieser Beobachtung bieten daher Zündkerzen für Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere für Verbrennungsmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen somit auch weiterhin durchaus noch Raum für Verbesserungen.In view of this observation, therefore, spark plugs for internal combustion engines, in particular for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, continue to offer room for improvement.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze sowie eine Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, dass eine kostengünstige und in vorhandene Produktionsabläufe integrierbare Möglichkeit zur Ausbildung einer geeigneten Beschichtung ermöglicht wird, durch welche eine sichere Funktion zur Verbesserung der im Betrieb entstehenden Abgaswerte gewährleistet ist.Against this background, the invention has the object, further develop a method for producing a spark plug and a spark plug for an internal combustion engine to the effect that a cost-effective and integrable in existing production processes possibility of forming a suitable coating is made possible by which a secure function to improve the guaranteed exhaust emissions during operation.

Die Lösung des verfahrensmäßigen Teiles dieser Aufgabe ist Inhalt eines Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Der gegenständliche Teil dieser Aufgabe wird durch eine Zündkerze mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelöst. Weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die jeweiligen Unteransprüche.The solution of the procedural part of this task is content of a method having the features of claim 1. The objective part of this object is achieved by a spark plug with the features of claim 7. Further, particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention disclose the respective subclaims.

Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einzeln aufgeführten Maßnahmen und Merkmale in beliebiger, technisch sinnvoller Weise miteinander kombiniert werden können und damit weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung aufzeigen.It should be pointed out that the measures and features listed individually in the following description can be combined with one another in any technically meaningful manner and thus show further embodiments of the invention.

Hiernach beinhaltet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Herstellung einer Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor. Bei dem Verbrennungsmotor kann es sich besonders bevorzugt um einen Kraftfahrzeugmotor handeln.After that, the inventive method includes the production of a spark plug for an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may particularly preferably be a motor vehicle engine.

Die herzustellende Zündkerze besitzt einen Grundkörper, welcher einen Kopfbereich umfasst. Auf dem Kopfbereich wird zumindest teilweise eine Beschichtung angeordnet. Der Kopfbereich ist dazu ausgebildet, um im eingebauten Zustand der Zündkerze in den Verbrennungsmotor wenigstens einem seiner Brennräume zugewandt zu sein. Hierbei kann der Kopfbereich zumindest teilweise in dem zugehörigen Brennraum angeordnet sein. Insofern ist der Kopfbereich dafür vorgesehen ist, um dem Verbrennungsraum des Verbrennungsmotors zugeordnet zu werden.The spark plug to be produced has a main body which comprises a head region. At least partially a coating is arranged on the head area. The head region is designed to be in the installed state of the spark plug in the internal combustion engine facing at least one of its combustion chambers. In this case, the head region can be arranged at least partially in the associated combustion chamber. In this respect, the head portion is intended to be assigned to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Bevorzugt kann die Zündkerze selbst einen typischen Aufbau aufweisen. Dieser beinhaltet eine Mittelelektrode und wenigstens eine von dieser beabstandete und unter zumindest teilweiser Eingliederung eines Isolatorkörpers gegenüber der Mittelelektrode elektrisch isolierte Masseelektrode.Preferably, the spark plug itself may have a typical structure. This includes a center electrode and at least one of these spaced and at least partially incorporation of an insulator body with respect to the center electrode electrically isolated ground electrode.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Anordnung der Beschichtung auf dem Kopfbereich der Zündkerze mit den folgenden Schritten:

  • Zumindest teilweises Aufrauen des Kopfbereiches,
  • Auftragen von Schlicker auf den aufgerauten Kopfbereich,
  • Trocknen des aufgetragenen Schlickers,
  • Erhitzen des auf den aufgerauten Kopfbereich aufgetragenen Schlickers zur Ausbildung einer Email-Beschichtung.
According to the invention, the arrangement of the coating on the head region of the spark plug is carried out with the following steps:
  • At least partial roughening of the head area,
  • Applying slip to the roughened head area,
  • Drying the applied slip,
  • Heating the slip applied to the roughened head area to form an enamel coating.

Das Wesentliche an dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist dabei die Ausbildung einer Email-Beschichtung auf dem Kopfbereich des Grundkörpers der Zündkerze. Gegenüber der Anordnung einer Edelmetallbeschichtung ergibt sich hieraus der Vorteil, dass die erfindungsgemäße Email-Beschichtung bereits die Ablagerung von Ölkohle weitestgehend unterbindet. Insofern dient die Email-Beschichtung nicht der Senkung der notwendigen Temperatur für einen Abbrand derartiger Ablagerungen, sondern verhindert oder reduziert zumindest deren Entstehung bereits von Beginn an.The essence of the method according to the invention is the formation of an enamel coating on the head region of the main body of the spark plug. Compared to the arrangement of a noble metal coating, this results in the advantage that the enamel coating according to the invention already largely prevents the deposition of oil carbon. In this respect, the enamel coating does not serve to lower the necessary temperature for burnup of such deposits, but at least prevents or reduces its formation from the beginning.

Ursächlich hierfür ist die Erkenntnis, dass sich nahezu keine flüssigen Bestandteile des Kraftstoffs - beispielsweise in Tropfenform - auf der Email-Beschichtung ablagern und eintrocknen könnten. Dies wurde als der Hauptgrund für die Entstehung teerkohleartiger Beläge auf Zündkerzen erkannt. Durch die Verhinderung oder zumindest weitest gehende Reduzierung solcher Ablagerungen ist ein etwaiges Nachglimmen dieser nunmehr nicht mehr möglich.The reason for this is the finding that almost no liquid components of the fuel - for example in the form of drops - could deposit on the enamel coating and dry out. This was recognized as the main reason for the formation of tar-like deposits on spark plugs. By preventing or at least most extensive reduction of such deposits any afterglow this is no longer possible.

Darüber hinaus fungiert die erfindungsgemäße Email-Beschichtung als zusätzlicher Isolator, so dass ein etwaiges Durchschlagen des Zündfunkens sicher verhindert ist. Dies ist insbesondere dann relevant, sofern sich mit der Zeit doch mögliche Ablagerungen auf dem Kopfbereich ausbilden sollten. Da die Ablagerungen elektrisch leitfähig sind, kann bei der im Stand der Technik bekannten Anordnung einer ebenfalls elektrisch leitfähigen Edelmetallbeschichtung ein unkontrollierter, und schädlicher Zündfunke entstehen, was mit der Erfindung vermeidbar ist.In addition, the enamel coating according to the invention acts as an additional insulator, so that any penetration of the spark is reliably prevented. This is particularly relevant if, over time, possible deposits on the head area should form. Since the deposits are electrically conductive, in the known in the prior art arrangement of a likewise electrically conductive noble metal coating, an uncontrolled, and harmful spark arise, which is avoidable with the invention.

Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Email-Beschichtung entsteht somit quasi ein doppelter Schutz hinsichtlich der sicheren Funktion der Zündkerze, wodurch die im Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors entstehenden Abgaswerte entsprechend verbessert sind. Ursächlich hierfür sind die erfindungsgemäßen Antihaft- und elektrischen Isolationseigenschaften der Email-Beschichtung zumindest auf dem relevanten Kopfbereich der Zündkerze.As a result of the enamel coating according to the invention, there is thus a quasi double protection with regard to the reliable function of the spark plug, as a result of which the exhaust gas values produced during operation of the internal combustion engine are correspondingly improved. This is due to the inventive non-stick and electrical insulation properties of the enamel coating at least on the relevant head region of the spark plug.

Die Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Email-Beschichtung lässt sich in vorteilhafter Weise einfach in bestehende Herstellungsprozesse von Zündkerzen integrieren. Aufgrund der hitzebeständigen Eigenschaften einer Email-Beschichtung zeigt sich diese in Bezug auf ihren Einsatzort und die damit verbundenen und auf sie einwirkenden Temperaturbelastungen als überaus beständig.The arrangement of the enamel coating according to the invention can be integrated in an advantageous manner easily in existing manufacturing processes of spark plugs. Due to the heat-resistant properties of an enamel coating, it is extremely resistant in terms of its place of use and the associated and acting on it thermal stresses.

Bei der Email-Beschichtung kann es sich besonders bevorzugt um eine oxydische sowie glatte und katalytisch wirksame Email-Beschichtung handeln. Alternativ oder in Ergänzung hierzu kann die Email-Beschichtung auch als "Clean Email" ausgebildet sein. Derartige Email-Beschichtungen sind beispielsweise in der Auskleidung von Haushaltsgeräten wie etwa Backöfen bekannt. Diese beinhalten einen Selbstreinigungseffekt, wenn der Ofen in einer höheren Temperatur als üblich betrieben wird. Hierbei handelt es sich dann um ein Reinigungsglühen, bei welchem etwaige anhaftende Ablagerungen wie Ölbeläge ohne mechanische Einwirkung rein katalytisch abgebaut werden können.The enamel coating may particularly preferably be an oxidic as well as smooth and catalytically effective enamel coating. Alternatively or in addition to this, the enamel coating can also be designed as a "clean enamel" his. Such enamel coatings are known, for example, in the lining of household appliances such as ovens. These include a self-cleaning effect when the oven is operated at a higher temperature than usual. This is then a cleaning annealing, in which any adherent deposits such as oil deposits can be degraded purely catalytically without mechanical action.

Als Schlicker wird im Sinne der Erfindung die Ausgangsbasis für die anzuordnende Email-Beschichtung verstanden. Hierbei kann es sich bevorzugt um eine Masse in Form eines Mineralgemisches handeln, welches in einer flüssigen, breiigen bis zähflüssigen Konsistenz vorliegt und in geeigneter Weise auf den oder die aufgerauten Teile des Kopfbereiches aufgetragen wird.For the purposes of the invention, slip is understood as the starting point for the enamel coating to be arranged. This may preferably be a mass in the form of a mineral mixture, which is in a liquid, pulpy to viscous consistency and is applied in a suitable manner to the roughened or the parts of the head region.

Für den Auftrag ist beispielsweise ein Kontakt- oder kontaktloses Verfahren in Bezug auf den Einsatz eines Auftragsmittels denkbar. So kann der Schlicker beispielsweise unter Zuhilfenahme einer Auftragsrolle oder eines Auftragspinsels aufgetragen werden. Weiterhin kann der Auftrag beispielsweise durch Tauchen oder Sprühen, insbesondere Airless-Sprühen erfolgen.For example, a contact or contactless method with respect to the use of a coating agent is conceivable for the application. For example, the slip can be applied with the aid of a job roll or application brush. Furthermore, the order can be done for example by dipping or spraying, in particular airless spraying.

Das anschließende Trocknen des aufgetragenen Schlickers kann beispielsweise in Umgebungsluft oder durch das Anströmen mit aufgewärmter Luft erfolgen. Das nachfolgende Erhitzen des getrockneten Schlickers dient der Ausbildung der Email-Beschichtung. Unter dem Erhitzen wird im Rahmen der Erfindung auch ein Glühen, Sintern oder Einbrennen verstanden.The subsequent drying of the applied slurry can be carried out, for example, in ambient air or by flowing on heated air. The subsequent heating of the dried slurry serves to form the enamel coating. In the context of the invention, heating also means annealing, sintering or baking.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des grundsätzlichen Erfindungsgedankens kann vor dem Erhitzen ein innerhalb des Kopfbereiches gelegener metallischer Teil der Zündkerze zumindest teilweise aufgeraut und mit dem Schlicker versehen werden. Mit anderen Worten sieht die Erfindung hierbei vor, dass die Email-Beschichtung auf metallischen Teilen des Kopfbereiches ausgebildet werden kann.According to an advantageous development of the basic idea of the invention, a metallic part of the spark plug located within the head region can be at least partially roughened and provided with the slip before heating. In other words, the invention provides that the enamel coating can be formed on metallic parts of the head region.

Besonders bevorzugt kann sich die fertige Email-Beschichtung über einen inneren und einen äußeren Teil des Kopfbereiches erstrecken. Als innerer Teil wird hierbei jener Bereich verstanden, welcher der zumeist zentralen Mittelelektrode zugewandt ist. Demgegenüber handelt es sich bei dem äußeren Teil um jenen Bereich, welcher der Mittelelektrode abgewandt ist. An dem inneren Teil hat die Email-Beschichtung aufgrund ihrer elektrisch isolierenden Wirkung die Aufgabe, ein mögliches Durchschlagen des Zündfunkens über bereits vorhandene Ablagerungen wirksam zu verhindern. Deren Anordnung an dem äußeren Teil dient dagegen primär dem Verhindern von Ablagerungen, welche aufgrund ihres Nachglimmens ansonsten zu hohen Emissionswerten führen.Particularly preferably, the finished enamel coating can extend over an inner and an outer part of the head region. As an inner part is hereby understood that area which faces the mostly central center electrode. In contrast, the outer part is that region which faces away from the center electrode. Due to its electrically insulating effect, the enamel coating on the inner part has the task of effectively preventing a possible strike-through of the spark via already existing deposits. Their arrangement on the outer part, however, primarily serves to prevent deposits, which otherwise lead to high emission values due to their afterglow.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass vor dem Erhitzen ein innerhalb des Kopfbereiches gelegener Teil des Isolatorkörpers zumindest teilweise aufgeraut und mit dem Schlicker versehen wird. Mit anderen Worten erstreckt sich die Anordnung der Email-Beschichtung auch auf Bereiche des Isolatorkörpers.Furthermore, it is provided that, prior to heating, a part of the insulator body situated within the head region is at least partially roughened and provided with the slip. In other words, the arrangement of the enamel coating also extends to areas of the insulator body.

Eine vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass ein möglicher Overspray des aufgetragenen Schlickers nach dessen Trocknung noch vor dem Erhitzen zumindest teilweise mechanisch entfernt werden kann. Hierbei geht es primär um die Mittelektrode und/oder die wenigstens eine Masseelektrode. Ziel ist die Ausbildung eines kontrollierten und ausreichenden Zündfunkens, wozu die entsprechenden Elektronen möglichst blank vorliegen sollten. Je nach verwendetem Auftragsverfahren für den Schlicker kann es daher erforderlich sein, die als Overspray bezeichneten unerwünschten Aufträge des Schlickers lokal vor dessen Erhitzung zu entfernen.An advantageous further development of the invention provides that a possible overspray of the applied slip after its drying can be at least partially removed mechanically before heating. This is primarily about the center electrode and / or the at least one ground electrode. The goal is the formation of a controlled and sufficient spark, for which the corresponding electrons should be as bright as possible. Depending on the method of application of the slurry used, it may therefore be necessary to remove the undesired orders of the slurry referred to as overspray locally before it is heated.

Die Basis für den Auftrag des Schlickers wird durch ein geeignetes Aufrauverfahren des Kopfbereiches geschaffen. Die Erfindung sieht hierfür vor, dass das zunächst erforderliche Aufrauen von Teilen des Kopfbereiches oder des gesamten Kopfbereiches beispielsweise mittels Stahlkies-Strahlen erfolgen kann. Selbstverständlich sind auch weitere Aufrauverfahren denkbar, welche eine geeignete Vorbearbeitung der jeweiligen Oberflächen für den Auftrag des Schlickers ermöglichen. Das Aufrauen dient dabei in erster Linie der Schaffung eines haltbaren Verbundes zwischen der Oberfläche des Kopfbereiches und der Email-Beschichtung. Diese kann sich hierdurch besser in der Oberfläche des Kopfbereiches verankern. Zudem kann durch das Aufrauen die Kontaktoberfläche vergrößert werden.The basis for the application of the slip is created by a suitable Aufrauverfahren the head area. The invention provides for this that the first required roughening of parts of the head area or the entire head area can be done for example by means of steel gravel beams. Of course, further Aufrauverfahren are conceivable, which allow a suitable pre-processing of the respective surfaces for the order of the slip. The roughening serves primarily to create a durable bond between the surface of the head area and the enamel coating. This can thereby anchor itself better in the surface of the head area. In addition, by roughening the contact surface can be increased.

Bevorzugt kann das Erhitzen des aufgetragenen Schlickers in einem Temperaturbereich von 800°C bis 900°C durchgeführt werden. Besonders bevorzugt kann das Erhitzen unter Verwendung eines Schutzgases erfolgen. Durch die Erhitzung unter Schutzgas kann die Bildung von Zunder- und Anlaufschichten insbesondere auf dem Außengewinde der Zündkerze wirksam verhindert werden.Preferably, the heating of the applied slurry in a temperature range of 800 ° C to 900 ° C can be performed. More preferably, the heating can be done using a shielding gas. By heating under a protective gas, the formation of scale and tarnishing layers, in particular on the external thread of the spark plug can be effectively prevented.

Das nunmehr vorgestellte erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze ermöglicht eine kostengünstige und leicht in vorhandene Produktionsabläufe integrierbare Möglichkeit zur Ausbildung einer Beschichtung in Form einer Email-Beschichtung. Durch die elektrisch isolierende Wirkung der temperaturbeständigen Email-Beschichtung in Kombination mit deren Verhinderung von Ablagerungen ist insgesamt eine sichere Funktion der Zündkerze zur Verbesserung der im Betrieb entstehenden Abgaswerte gewährleistet.The now presented inventive method for producing a spark plug enables a cost-effective and easily integrated into existing production processes possibility of forming a coating in the form of an enamel coating. Due to the electrically insulating effect of the temperature-resistant enamel coating in combination with their prevention of deposits overall safe operation of the spark plug is guaranteed to improve the exhaust emissions produced during operation.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere für einen solchen eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Zündkerze kann bevorzugt mit dem zuvor vorgestellten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt worden sein.The invention further relates to a spark plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular for such a motor vehicle. The spark plug may preferably have been produced by the method according to the invention presented above.

Dabei umfasst die Zündkerze einen Grundkörper mit einem Kopfbereich, welcher dafür vorgesehen ist, um einem Verbrennungsraum des Verbrennungsmotors zugeordnet zu sein. Weiterhin ist auf dem Kopfbereich zumindest teilweise eine Beschichtung angeordnet. Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich bei der Beschichtung um eine Email-Beschichtung. Alternativ hierzu kann die Beschichtung zumindest Email mit umfassen.In this case, the spark plug comprises a main body with a head portion, which is intended to be associated with a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, at least partially a coating is arranged on the head area. According to the invention, the coating is an enamel coating. Alternatively, the coating may include at least email.

Die sich daraus ergebenden Vorteile wurden bereits zuvor im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze erläutert und gelten für die erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze entsprechend. Dies gilt im Übrigen auch für die nachfolgend benannten weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze. Aus diesem Grund wird an dieser Stelle auf die vorherigen Ausführungen verwiesen.The resulting advantages have already been explained above in connection with the method according to the invention for producing a spark plug and apply correspondingly to the spark plug according to the invention. Incidentally, this also applies to the further advantageous embodiments of the spark plug according to the invention which are named below. For this reason, reference is made to the previous statements at this point.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze ist die Email-Beschichtung aus einem Schlicker gebildet. In Bezug auf die Zusammensetzung des Schlickers ist vorgesehen, dass dieser sich aus wenigstens einem glasbildenden Oxid nebst wenigstens einem weiteren Bestandteil und bedarfsweise zusätzlich aus mindestens einem Trübungsmittel zusammensetzen kann.According to an advantageous embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention, the enamel coating is formed from a slip. With regard to the composition of the slip, it is provided that it can be composed of at least one glass-forming oxide together with at least one further constituent and if necessary additionally of at least one clouding agent.

Bei der möglichen Gruppe an glasbildenden Oxiden kann es sich beispielsweise um wenigstens eines der folgenden handeln:

  • Siliciumdioxid (SiO2)
  • Bortrioxid (B2O3)
  • Natriumoxid (Na2O)
  • Kaliumoxid (K2O)
  • Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3).
Selbstverständlich ist diese Aufzählung nicht abschließend, so dass auch weitere glasbildende Oxide denkbar sind.The possible group of glass-forming oxides may, for example, be at least one of the following:
  • Silica (SiO 2 )
  • Boron trioxide (B 2 O 3 )
  • Sodium oxide (Na 2 O)
  • Potassium oxide (K 2 O)
  • Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
Of course, this list is not exhaustive, so that other glass-forming oxides are conceivable.

In Bezug auf den wenigstens einen weiteren Bestandteil kann dieser beispielsweise aus folgender Gruppe stammen:

  • Borax
  • Feldspat
  • Quarz
  • Fluorid
  • Soda
  • Natriumnitrat.
Auch hierbei gilt, dass diese Aufzählung nicht abschließend ist, so dass auch weitere Bestandteile denkbar sind.With regard to the at least one further constituent, this may originate, for example, from the following group:
  • borax
  • feldspar
  • quartz
  • fluoride
  • soda
  • Sodium nitrate.
Again, this list is not exhaustive, so that other components are conceivable.

Was die bedarfsweise Zugabe mindestens eines Trübungsmittels angeht, kann dieses beispielsweise aus folgender Gruppe ausgewählt sein:

  • Titan (Ti)
  • Zirconium (Zr)
  • Molybdän (Mo).
As regards the addition of at least one clouding agent as required, this may be selected, for example, from the following group:
  • Titanium (Ti)
  • Zirconium (Zr)
  • Molybdenum (Mo).

Dabei handelt es sich ebenfalls um keine abschließende Aufzählung, so dass auch andere Trübungsmittel wie beispielsweise Zinnoxid oder Titansilikat denkbar sind.It is also not an exhaustive list, so that other opacifiers such as tin oxide or titanium silicate are conceivable.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Email-Beschichtung handelt es sich bevorzugt um ein Schmelzgemisch. Bei der Emailtemperatur schmelzen die glasbildenden Oxide zu einer Glasschmelze zusammen. Grundemails weisen ca. 23 - 34 Gew% (Gewichtsprozente) Borax, 28 - 52 Gew% Feldspat, 5 - 20 Gew% Quarz, ca. 5 Gew% Fluorid, sowie als Rest Soda und Natriumnitrat auf. Als Trübungsmittel können wie bereits erwähnt die Oxide von Ti, Zr und Mo dienen.The enamel coating according to the invention is preferably a melt mixture. At the enamel temperature, the glass-forming oxides melt together to form a glass melt. Base enamels contain about 23-34% by weight (by weight) of borax, 28-52% by weight of feldspar, 5-20% by weight of quartz, about 5% by weight of fluoride, and the balance of soda and sodium nitrate. As opacifiers, as already mentioned, the oxides of Ti, Zr and Mo can serve.

Weiterhin können auch keramische Pigmente wie z.B. Eisenoxide, Chromoxide und Spinelle enthalten sein.Furthermore, ceramic pigments such as e.g. Iron oxides, chromium oxides and spinels may be included.

Um die Haftung insbesondere auf metallischem Untergrund zu verbessern, kann die erfindungsgemäße Email-Beschichtung ferner beispielsweise auch wenigstens ein Oxid der nachfolgenden Gruppe enthalten:

  • Cobaltoxid
  • Manganoxid
  • Nickeloxid.
In order to improve the adhesion, in particular on a metallic substrate, the enamel coating according to the invention may further comprise, for example, at least one oxide of the following group:
  • cobalt oxide
  • manganese
  • Nickel oxide.

Die genannten Stoffe werden in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung fein gemahlen und geschmolzen. Die Schmelze wird abgeschreckt, also bevorzugt in Wasser gegeben, wobei die so entstehende körnige glasartige Fritte im sich anschließenden Schritt wieder fein gemahlen wird. Beim dem Mahlvorgang werden beispielsweise 30 % bis 40 % Wasser zusammen mit Ton und Quarzmehl zugesetzt. Je nach Art des Emails kommen noch die erwähnten Trübungsstoffe und Farboxide hinzu.The substances mentioned are finely ground and melted in a preferred embodiment. The melt is quenched, so preferably added to water, wherein the resulting granular glassy frit is finely ground again in the subsequent step. In the grinding process, for example, 30% to 40% of water is added together with clay and quartz flour. Depending on the type of enamels, the opacifiers and color oxides mentioned are added.

So wird ein Emailschlicker gebildet, welcher zur besseren Mischung einige Zeit, bevorzugt einige Tage ruhen sollte, bevor der Emailschlicker weiterverwendet würde. Durch Verwendung geeigneter Stellmittel wird sichergestellt, dass sich eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke ergibt.Thus, an enamel slip is formed, which for a better mixture should rest for some time, preferably a few days, before the enamel slip would continue to be used. By using suitable adjusting means it is ensured that a uniform layer thickness results.

In Bezug auf eine glatte Email-Beschichtung kann diese bevorzugt einen hohen Anteil an Ceroxid (CeO) aufweisen. Durch dessen Katalysatorwirkung werden sich auf dem Oberfläche der Email-Beschichtung absetzende Kraftstofftröpfchen verdampft. Hierdurch können sich keine Ablagerungen bilden, welche später negative Auswirkungen auf die Abgasemissionen haben könnten. Weiterhin kann hierdurch die Starttemperatur zum Verbrennen des Kraftstoffs und unverbrannter Kohlenwasserstoffe (HC) sowie von Kohlenmonoxid (CO) in vorteilhafter Weise reduziert werden. Hierdurch können ebenfalls die Emissionswerte des Verbrennungsmotors gesenkt werden.With respect to a smooth enamel coating, this may preferably have a high content of cerium oxide (CeO). Due to its catalytic effect will be evaporated on the surface of the enamel coating settling fuel droplets. As a result, no deposits can form, which could later have negative effects on the exhaust emissions. Furthermore, this can be the start temperature for burning the fuel and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are reduced in an advantageous manner. As a result, the emission values of the internal combustion engine can also be reduced.

Die Email-Beschichtung kann einen hohen Anteil an Aluminiumoxid Al2O3 aufweisen, um die Durchschlagsfestigkeit gegenüber einem Zündfunken zu erhöhen.The enamel coating may contain a high proportion of aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 to increase the dielectric strength against a spark.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung kann die Email-Beschichtung eine Schichtdicke von 100 µm bis 250 µm aufweisen.According to an advantageous development, the enamel coating can have a layer thickness of 100 μm to 250 μm.

Weitere vorteilhafte Einzelheiten und Wirkungen der Erfindung sind im Folgenden anhand von in den Figuren schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Abschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze in einem Längsschnitt sowie
Fig. 2
den Abschnitt aus Fig. 1 in einer weiteren Form in ansonsten selber Darstellungsweise.
Further advantageous details and effects of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to embodiments schematically illustrated in the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
a section of a spark plug according to the invention in a longitudinal section and
Fig. 2
the section off Fig. 1 in another form in otherwise self-representation.

Fig. 1 ist der Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze 1 zu entnehmen. Aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit ist diese erkennbar auf den Verbindungsteil eines Grundkörpers 2 der Zündkerze 1 reduziert. Dieser zeigt im Wesentlichen den Bereich, welcher für die Erzeugung eines nicht näher dargestellten Zündfunkens der Zündkerze 1 ausgebildet ist. Fig. 1 the longitudinal section through a spark plug 1 according to the invention can be seen. For reasons of clarity, this is noticeably reduced to the connecting part of a main body 2 of the spark plug 1. This essentially shows the area which is designed for the production of a spark not shown in detail of the spark plug 1.

Dem Längsschnitt ist der typische Aufbau der Zündkerze 1 aus einer sich in eine Längsrichtung x der Zündkerze 1 erstreckenden Mittelelektrode 3 zu entnehmen, welche von einem Isolatorkörper 4 umgriffen ist. Bei dem Isolatorkörper 4 kann es sich um einen Porzellankörper handeln. Der Isolatorkörper 4 ist in nicht näher gezeigter Weise rohrförmig gestaltet, wobei die stiftförmige Mittelelektrode 3 innerhalb des Isolatorkörpers 4 angeordnet ist. Der Isolatorkörper 4 dient der elektrischen Isolation der Mittelelektrode 3 gegenüber den weiteren metallischen Bereichen des Grundkörpers 2.The longitudinal section shows the typical structure of the spark plug 1 from a center electrode 3 extending in a longitudinal direction x of the spark plug 1, which is encompassed by an insulator body 4. The insulator body 4 may be a porcelain body. The insulator body 4 is not closer shown manner tubular, wherein the pin-shaped center electrode 3 is disposed within the insulator body 4. The insulator body 4 serves for the electrical insulation of the center electrode 3 with respect to the further metallic regions of the base body 2.

Insofern dient der Isolatorkörper 4 auch der elektrischen Isolation der Mittelelektrode 3 gegenüber einer Masseelektrode 5, welche an dem Grundkörper 2 angeordnet ist. Die Masseelektrode 5 ist bügelförmig abgewinkelt, wobei sie sich von einer Stirnseite 6 des Grundkörpers 2 aus zunächst in Richtung der Längsrichtung x erstreckt und anschließend über die Mittelelektrode 3 abwinkelt. Dabei sind die Mittelelektrode 3 und die Masseelektrode 5 unter Ausbildung eines Elektrodenabstandes a voneinander beabstandet.In this respect, the insulator body 4 also serves for the electrical insulation of the center electrode 3 with respect to a ground electrode 5, which is arranged on the base body 2. The ground electrode 5 is angled bow-shaped, wherein it extends from an end face 6 of the base body 2 initially in the direction of the longitudinal direction x and then angled over the center electrode 3. In this case, the center electrode 3 and the ground electrode 5 are spaced from one another by forming an electrode spacing a.

Wie zu erkennen, weist der Grundkörper 2 an seinem äußeren Umfang ein Außengewinde 7 auf. Das Außengewinde 7 dient der Kopplung der Zündkerze 1 mit der Bohrung eines nicht näher gezeigten Zylinderkopfes eines Verbrennungsmotors. Hierzu besitzt die nicht gezeigte Bohrung ein entsprechendes Innengewinde, welches mit dem Außengewinde 7 des Grundkörpers 2 der Zündkerze 1 in Eingriff bringbar ist.As can be seen, the base body 2 has an external thread 7 on its outer circumference. The external thread 7 serves to couple the spark plug 1 to the bore of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine (not shown in greater detail). For this purpose, the bore, not shown, has a corresponding internal thread which can be brought into engagement with the external thread 7 of the main body 2 of the spark plug 1.

Bei den in Fig. 1 ersichtlichen Teilen der Zündkerze 1 handelt es sich um einen Kopfbereich 8, welcher zur entsprechenden Anordnung oder Ausrichtung zu einer nicht ersichtlichen Brennkammer des Verbrennungsmotors vorgesehen ist. Ersichtlich ist der Grundkörper 2 im Kopfbereich 8 rohrförmig ausgestaltet, wobei ein Abschnitt des Isolatorkörpers 4 mitsamt der darin angeordneten Mittelelektrode 3 innerhalb des Grundkörpers 2 angeordnet und diesem gegenüber beabstandet ist. Hierdurch bildet sich ein ringförmiger Spalt 9 zwischen einem Innenseitenbereich des Grundkörpers 2 und einem Außenseitenbereich des Isolatorkörpers 4 nebst der Mittelelektrode 3 aus.At the in Fig. 1 apparent parts of the spark plug 1 is a head portion 8, which is provided for the corresponding arrangement or orientation to a not apparent combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. As can be seen, the base body 2 in the head region 8 is tubular, wherein a portion of the insulator body 4, together with the center electrode 3 arranged therein, is arranged within the base body 2 and is spaced from it. As a result, an annular gap 9 is formed between an inner side region of the main body 2 and an outer side region of the insulator body 4 together with the center electrode 3.

Wie zu erkennen, ist auf dem Kopfbereich 8 eine Beschichtung in Form einer Email-Beschichtung 10 angeordnet. Die Email-Beschichtung 10 erstreckt sich dabei über den ringförmigen Spalt 9 und somit über den entsprechenden Innenseitenbereich des Grundkörpers 2 und den entsprechenden Außenseitenbereich des Isolatorkörpers 4. Dabei umgreift die Email-Beschichtung 10 ferner auch die Stirnseite 6 des Grundkörpers 2 bis hin zum Ansatz des Außengewindes 7 des Grundkörpers 2. Weiterhin ist auch im Wesentlichen der sich in Längsrichtung x erstreckende Abschnitt der Masseelektrode 5 von der Email-Beschichtung 10 umgriffen.As can be seen, a coating in the form of an enamel coating 10 is arranged on the head region 8. The enamel coating 10 extends over the annular gap 9 and thus over the corresponding inner side region of the main body 2 and the corresponding Furthermore, the enamel coating 10 also surrounds the end face 6 of the main body 2 as far as the projection of the external thread 7 of the main body 2. Furthermore, the section of the ground electrode 5 extending in the longitudinal direction x is also substantially separated from the enamel body. Coating 10 encompassed.

Fig. 2 zeigt den Kopfbereich 8 nochmals in vereinfachter Form. Hierbei sind die Schnitte nicht durch den Isolatorkörper 4 hindurch geführt, so dass dieser vorliegend die darin verlaufende Mittelelektrode 3 verdeckt. Im Unterschied zu der Darstellung von Fig. 1 endet hierbei die Email-Beschichtung 10 an der Stirnseite 6 des Grundkörpers 2. Demgegenüber erstreckt sich die Email-Beschichtung 10 deutlich weiter über die Masseelektrode 5, insbesondere auch über dreiviertel des abgewinkelten Abschnitts der Masseelektrode 5, so dass diese nur an ihrem freien Ende abschnittsweise unbeschichtet ist. Insgesamt weist die Email-Beschichtung 10 eine ausreichende Schichtdicke auf, um eine hohe Durchschlagsfestigkeit gegenüber einem Zündfunken zu erreichen. Die Schichtdicke beträgt vorliegend von 100 µm bis 250 µm. Fig. 2 shows the head area 8 again in a simplified form. Here, the cuts are not passed through the insulator body 4, so that this covers the center electrode 3 extending therein. In contrast to the representation of Fig. 1 In this case, the enamel coating 10 ends at the end face 6 of the main body 2. In contrast, the enamel coating 10 extends significantly farther over the ground electrode 5, in particular over three quarters of the angled portion of the ground electrode 5, so that these sections only at their free end is uncoated. Overall, the enamel coating 10 has a sufficient layer thickness in order to achieve a high dielectric strength against a spark. The layer thickness is presently from 100 microns to 250 microns.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Zündkerzespark plug
22
Grundkörper von 1Basic body of 1
33
Mittelelektrode von 1Center electrode of 1
44
Isolatorkörper von 1Insulator body of 1
55
Masseelektrode von 1Ground electrode of 1
66
Stirnseite von 2Front side of 2
77
Außengewinde von 2External thread of 2
88th
Kopfbereich von 1 und 2Header area of 1 and 2
99
Spalt zwischen 2 und 4Gap between 2 and 4
1010
Email-Beschichtung von 1Enamel coating of 1
aa
Elektrodenabstand zwischen 3 und 5Electrode distance between 3 and 5
xx
Längsrichtung von 1Longitudinal direction of 1

Claims (10)

  1. Process for producing an ignition plug (1) for an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, comprising a main body (2) with a head region (8), which is intended to be assigned to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a coating being arranged at least partially on the head region (8) of the main body (2),
    said process having at least the following steps:
    - the head region (8) of the main body (2) and a part of an insulator body (4) situated within the head region (8) are at least partially roughened,
    - slip is applied to the roughened head region (8) of the main body (2) and of the part of an insulator body (4) situated within the head region (8),
    - the applied slip is dried,
    - the slip applied to the roughened head region (8) of the main body (2) and of the part of an insulator body (4) situated within the head region (8) is heated to form an enamel coating (10).
  2. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    a metallic part of the ignition plug (1) situated within the head region (8) is at least partially roughened and provided with the slip before the heating.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    an overspray of the applied slip on a central electrode (3) and/or a ground electrode (4) is at least partially mechanically removed after said slip has been dried and before the heating.
  4. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the head region (8) is roughened by means of shot blasting.
  5. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the slip is heated in a temperature range of 800°C to 900°C, in particular using a protective gas.
  6. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the slip contains at least one glass-forming oxide from the following group
    - silicon dioxide (SiO2)
    - boron trioxide (B2O3)
    - sodium oxide (Na2O)
    - potassium oxide (K2O)
    - aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
    and also comprises at least one constituent from the following group
    - borax
    - feldspar
    - quartz
    - fluoride
    - soda
    - sodium nitrate
    and comprises if required at least one opacifier from the following group
    - titanium (Ti)
    - zirconium (Zr)
    - molybdenum (Mo).
  7. Ignition plug for an internal combustion engine, in particular produced by a process according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a main body (2) with a head region (8), which is intended to be assigned to a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, a coating being arranged at least partially on the head region (8) of the main body (2),
    characterized in that
    the coating is an enamel coating (10) which is arranged on the at least partially roughened head region (8) of the main body (2) and of a part of an insulator body (4) situated within the head region (8).
  8. Ignition plug according to Claim 7,
    characterized in that
    the enamel coating (1) is formed from slip, the slip containing at least one glass-forming oxide from the following group
    - silicon dioxide (SiO2)
    - boron trioxide (B2O3)
    - sodium oxide (Na2O)
    - potassium oxide (K2O)
    - aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
    and also comprising at least one constituent from the following group
    - borax
    - feldspar
    - quartz
    - fluoride
    - soda
    - sodium nitrate
    and comprising if required at least one opacifier from the following group
    - titanium (Ti)
    - zirconium (Zr)
    - molybdenum (Mo).
  9. Ignition plug according to Claim 7 or 8,
    characterized in that
    the enamel coating (10) comprises at least one oxide from the following group
    - cobalt oxide
    - manganese oxide
    - nickel oxide.
  10. Ignition plug according to one of Claims 7 to 9,
    characterized in that
    the enamel coating (10) has a layer thickness of 100 µm to 250 µm.
EP15168717.5A 2014-06-06 2015-05-21 Process for producing an ignition plug for an internal combustion engine and ignition plug for an internal combustion engine Active EP2953217B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014210922.1A DE102014210922A1 (en) 2014-06-06 2014-06-06 Method for producing a spark plug for an internal combustion engine and spark plug for an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2953217A1 EP2953217A1 (en) 2015-12-09
EP2953217B1 true EP2953217B1 (en) 2019-07-10

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Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2953217B1 (en)
CN (1) CN105186292B (en)
DE (1) DE102014210922A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2703873C2 (en)

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CN107248698B (en) * 2017-06-29 2019-01-01 宋天顺 A kind of resistor type spark plug
CN107546574A (en) * 2017-08-09 2018-01-05 宋天顺 A kind of spark plug
US10815896B2 (en) * 2017-12-05 2020-10-27 General Electric Company Igniter with protective alumina coating for turbine engines
DE102018222475A1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spark plug with rounded housing section
DE102018222460A1 (en) 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spark plug with rounded insulator base section
DE102018222468A1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spark plug with rounded insulator base section and rounded housing section
DE102019203803A1 (en) * 2019-03-20 2020-09-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spark plug housing with galvanic nickel and zinc-containing protective layer and a silicon-containing sealing layer, as well as a spark plug with this housing and manufacturing process for this housing

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Publication number Publication date
DE102014210922A1 (en) 2015-12-17
RU2703873C2 (en) 2019-10-22
EP2953217A1 (en) 2015-12-09
RU2015121744A3 (en) 2019-01-18
RU2015121744A (en) 2016-12-27
CN105186292B (en) 2020-07-14
CN105186292A (en) 2015-12-23

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