EP2855180A1 - Dachscheibe mit einem integrierten photovoltaik-modul - Google Patents
Dachscheibe mit einem integrierten photovoltaik-modulInfo
- Publication number
- EP2855180A1 EP2855180A1 EP13725602.0A EP13725602A EP2855180A1 EP 2855180 A1 EP2855180 A1 EP 2855180A1 EP 13725602 A EP13725602 A EP 13725602A EP 2855180 A1 EP2855180 A1 EP 2855180A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- thermoplastic
- roof
- roof panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium selenide Chemical compound [Cd]=[Se] AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005554 polynitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011145 styrene acrylonitrile resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=S LCUOIYYHNRBAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SJWPTBFNZAZFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pmpp Chemical compound C1CCSC2=NC=NC3=C2N=CN3CCCN2C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C1=C2 SJWPTBFNZAZFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
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- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
- B32B17/10871—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing in combination with particular heat treatment
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10889—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor shaping the sheets, e.g. by using a mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
- B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/04—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
- B62D29/043—Superstructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2369/00—Polycarbonates
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a roof panel with an integrated photovoltaic module, a method for their production and their use.
- photovoltaic modules can be integrated into the roof of vehicles.
- roof windows are known, for example, from DE 3713854 A1, DE 4006756 A1, DE 4105389 C1 and US 20120097218 A1.
- Conventional roof panels with an integrated photovoltaic module are typically formed as composite disks of two glass panes, between which the photovoltaic module is arranged.
- Such roof windows have the disadvantage that they have a high weight.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved roof panel with an integrated photovoltaic module.
- the roof panel should have a low weight.
- the roof panel should be easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
- the roof panel according to the invention with an integrated photovoltaic module comprises at least one substrate and an outer pane, which are connected to one another in terms of surface area via a thermoplastic layer, wherein a photovoltaic layer system is embedded in the thermoplastic layer and the substrate contains at least one polymer.
- the roof panel according to the invention is intended to delimit the interior of, for example, a vehicle from the external environment in the region of the roof.
- the outer pane is according to the invention facing the outer environment.
- the substrate faces the interior. The solar radiation enters the roof pane via the outer pane and strikes the photovoltaic layer system within the thermoplastic layer.
- the advantage of the invention lies in the substrate according to the invention, which contains at least one polymer.
- integrated photovoltaic module roof panels typically include two glass sheets interconnected by lamination.
- a significant reduction in the weight of the roof pane is achieved by the polymeric substrate according to the invention.
- roof slabs according to the invention despite the polymeric substrate, have sufficient stability in order to be able to use them, for example, in motor vehicles.
- the roof panel according to the invention is also cheaper to produce than conventional roof windows.
- the photovoltaic layer system can be arranged over a large area in the thermoplastic layer and it can be realized with strong curvature roof tiles.
- the mutually remote surfaces of the substrate and the outer pane preferably form the outer surfaces of the roof panel. This means that no further elements are arranged on the surfaces of the substrate remote from the outer pane and the outer pane, for example additional panes. In particular, it is not necessary to arrange a further glass pane on the surface of the polymeric substrate facing away from the outer pane in order to achieve sufficient stability of the roof pane. The particular advantage lies in the low weight of the roof window.
- the mutually remote surfaces of the substrate and the outer pane may have coatings.
- the polymeric substrate may, for example, have a protective coating, for example a UV protective layer or a layer to prevent damage by scratching.
- the substrate is made of plastic.
- the substrate contains no glass, for example as a glass pane.
- no glass pane is arranged on the interior side of the photovoltaic layer system. This means that the roof pane according to the invention does not contain a glass pane which has a smaller one Distance to the limited by the roof glass interior than the photovoltaic layer system.
- the substrate is designed as a rigid disk.
- the substrate can be, for example, at least polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene, polynitriles, polyesters, polyurethane (PU), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylate, polyamide, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
- the substrate preferably contains at least one thermoplastic polymer.
- the substrate particularly preferably contains at least polycarbonate (PC) and / or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). This is particularly advantageous in terms of processing, strength and mechanical and chemical resistance of the substrate.
- the thickness of the substrate is preferably from 0.8 mm to 25 mm, particularly preferably from 0.8 mm to 4 mm, for example 2.1 mm.
- the particular advantage of a substrate designed as a rigid disk is the stability of the roof pane according to the invention.
- the substrate is formed as a flexible film.
- the thickness of the flexible film is preferably from 0.02 mm to 2 mm, more preferably from 0.1 mm to 1, 5 mm, for example from 0.4 mm to 1, 5 mm, most preferably from 0.15 mm 0.8 mm, in particular from 0.45 mm to 0.8 mm.
- the particular advantage is a low weight of the roof panel according to the invention and low production costs.
- the flexible film preferably contains at least one thermoplastic polymer.
- the thermoplastic polymer is preferably substituted with fluorine. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the chemical and mechanical stability of the substrate.
- the substrate very particularly preferably contains at least polyvinyl fluoride and / or polyvinylidene fluoride.
- ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the substrate may also contain mixtures or copolymers thereof.
- the outer pane glass preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the stability of the roof pane according to the invention and the protection of the photovoltaic layer system from external influences, for example from damage by precipitation such as hail or sleet.
- the outer pane may be non-prestressed, partially prestressed, tempered or hardened, for example hardened thermally or chemically.
- the outer pane contains at least one polymer, preferably a thermoplastic polymer.
- the outer pane can be, for example, at least polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene, polynitriles, polyesters, polyurethane (PU), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylate, polyamide, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof, preferably polycarbonate (PC) and / or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) ,
- PE polyethylene
- PC polycarbonate
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- PMMA polyvinyl chloride
- PVC polyacrylate
- the substrate is designed as a flexible film.
- roof windows can be realized with a very low weight.
- the thickness of the outer pane is preferably from 1, 0 mm to 12 mm, more preferably from 1, 4 mm to 5 mm, for example, 2.1 mm. If the substrate is designed as a flexible film, the thickness of the outer pane is preferably from 2.8 mm to 5 mm. As a result, an advantageous stability of the roof pane is achieved.
- the thermoplastic layer contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- the thermoplastic layer can also contain, for example, at least polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resins, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene-propylenes, polyvinyl fluoride and / or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene.
- the thermoplastic layer preferably has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm, very particularly preferably from 1 mm to 2 mm.
- the thermoplastic layer is preferably formed of at least a first thermoplastic film and a second thermoplastic film, between which the photovoltaic layer system is arranged.
- Each thermoplastic film preferably has a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm, particularly preferably 0.45 mm to 0.85 mm.
- the first and second thermoplastic films may be made of the same or different materials.
- the thermoplastic layer can also be formed from more than two films. Further films can serve, for example, as protective layers or carrier layers of the photovoltaic layer system prior to the production of the roof panel.
- thermoplastic layer with a width of, for example, 3 mm to 50 mm is preferably not provided with the photovoltaic layer system.
- first and the second thermoplastic film are preferably connected to one another directly or else via other layers, for example other polymer layers.
- the photovoltaic layer structure is thus permanently stable and stored without contact with the external environment within the thermoplastic layer and advantageously protected against environmental influences, in particular corrosion and mechanical damage.
- the roof panel according to the invention may have any three-dimensional shape.
- the roof panel may be flat or slightly or strongly curved in one direction or in several directions of the room.
- the radii of curvature of the curved roof panel may be, for example, from 50 mm to 1200 mm.
- the radius of curvature does not have to be constant over the entire roof panel.
- Conventional rooflights with integrated photovoltaic module typically have radii of curvature of 700 mm to 1000 mm.
- roof windows can be realized which have radii of curvature of 600 mm to 900 mm, preferably of 600 to 650 mm, at least in one region.
- the surface of the roof panel according to the invention can vary widely and so perfectly adapted to the requirements in individual cases.
- the area of the roof pane can be, for example, from 100 cm 2 to 5 m 2 , preferably from 0.5 m 2 to 2 m 2 .
- a reduced transmission of visible light is often desired in order to avoid direct sunlight into the interior.
- the transmission may for example be less than 50%, less than 20% or even less than 10%.
- This is achieved by a tinted and / or colored outer and / or inner pane or by tinted foils within the composite.
- the light-absorbing photovoltaic layer system which is arranged over a large area within the roof pane, advantageously reduces the transmission of visible light through the roof pane, so that the outer pane, the substrate and the thermoplastic layers can be transparent and clear.
- Such transparent outer panes, substrates and thermoplastic layers are simple and less expensive to produce and lead to a reduced corrosion susceptibility of, for example, applied on the outer pane functional coatings.
- the transmission of visible light through the roof pane in the area of the photovoltaic layer system is preferably less than 50%.
- the photovoltaic layer system effects the charge carrier separation required for the conversion of radiant energy into electrical energy.
- the photovoltaic layer system is preferably a thin-layer system. These are understood as layer systems with thicknesses of only a few micrometers.
- the particular advantage is a small thickness and a great flexibility of the thermoplastic layer according to the invention.
- the great flexibility of the thermoplastic layer has the particular advantage that roof panes with strong curvatures can be realized.
- the photovoltaic layer system preferably comprises at least one photovoltaically active absorber layer between a front electrode layer and a back electrode layer.
- the front electrode layer is arranged on the side facing the outer disk side of the absorber layer.
- the back electrode layer is arranged on the side of the absorber layer facing the substrate.
- the photovoltaically active absorber layer preferably comprises at least one p-type semiconductor layer.
- the p-type semiconductor layer may be, for example, amorphous, micromorphous or polycrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), cadmium selenide (CdSe), gallium arsenide (GaAs) or semiconducting organic polymers or oligomers.
- the p-type semiconductor layer contains a chalcopyrite semiconductor such as a compound of the group copper-indium-sulfur / selenium (CIS), for example copper-indium-diselenide (CulnSe 2 ), or a compound of the group copper-indium Gallium sulfur / selenium (CIGS), for example Cu (InGa) (SSe) 2 .
- CIS copper-indium-sulfur / selenium
- CulnSe 2 copper-indium-diselenide
- CIGS copper-indium Gallium sulfur / selenium
- Cu (InGa) (SSe) 2 Cu
- CI (G) S-based semiconductor layers are characterized by a particularly high absorption coefficient due to a band gap adapted to the spectrum of sunlight. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the performance of the photovoltaic layer system.
- a homogeneous, dark impression of the roof panel without color cast is achieved by a CI (G) S-based absorber layer.
- the absorber layer can be doped with metals, preferably sodium.
- the photovoltaically active absorber layer preferably has a layer thickness of 500 nm to 5 ⁇ , more preferably from 1 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ .
- the absorber layer contains semiconducting organic polymers or oligomers.
- the transparency is advantageously adjustable, in particular by the choice of the layer thickness and the material of the active absorber layer and the material of the back electrode.
- the back electrode layer may contain, for example, at least one metal, preferably molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, nickel, titanium, chromium and / or tantalum.
- the back electrode layer preferably has a layer thickness of 300 nm to 600 nm.
- the front electrode layer is transparent in the spectral region in which the absorber layer is sensitive.
- the front electrode layer may contain, for example, an n-type semiconductor, preferably aluminum-doped zinc oxide or indium-tin oxide.
- the front electrode layer preferably has a layer thickness of 500 nm to 2 ⁇ m.
- the electrode layers may also contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, tin oxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and / or combinations and mixtures thereof.
- the electrode layers may also comprise a layer stack of different individual layers.
- a layer stack may contain, for example, a diffusion barrier layer of, for example, silicon nitride in order to prevent diffusion of ions into the photovoltaically active absorber layer.
- the photovoltaic layer system can comprise further individual layers which are known to the person skilled in the art, for example a buffer layer for adaptation of the electronic properties between the absorber layer and an electrode layer.
- the photovoltaic layer system can be subdivided into individual photovoltaically active regions, so-called solar cells, by suitable structuring and interconnection of the back electrode layer, absorber layer and front electrode layer known per se.
- Such subdivided photovoltaic layer systems are known, for example, from EP 2200097 A1.
- the subdivision is made by incisions using a suitable structuring technology such as laser writing and mechanical processing, for example by lifting or scribing.
- the individual solar cells are connected in series via an area of the back electrode layer in integrated form.
- the thermoplastic layer preferably contains known common conductors, so-called busbars, for electrical contacting of the photovoltaic layer system.
- the bus bars are electrically connected to the front and / or back electrode layer.
- the bus bar is advantageously designed as a band or strip.
- the bus bar preferably contains at least one metal or a metal alloy or consists of a metal or a metal alloy.
- any electrically conductive material that can be processed into films can be used for the bus bar.
- Particularly suitable materials for the bus bar are, for example, aluminum, copper, tin-plated copper, gold, silver or tin and alloys thereof.
- the bus bar has, for example, a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.3 mm and a width of 2 mm to 16 mm.
- the bus bars may be sandwiched between the first and second thermoplastic films before they become thermoplastic Layer are connected.
- the bus bars are held in place by the gluing of the foils.
- the electrically conductive connection between the bus bars and the respective electrode layer can be effected, for example, by welding, bonding, soldering, clamping or gluing by means of an electrically conductive adhesive.
- the bus bars may extend beyond the side edges of the thermoplastic layer and be electrically contacted outside the thermoplastic layer via suitable cables.
- the electrical contacting of the bus bars can take place by means of suitable cables, preferably flat conductors such as foil conductors, within the thermoplastic layer.
- the cables are connected to the busbars prior to joining the first and second thermoplastic films so that the cables extend from the busbars in the interior of the thermoplastic layer beyond their side edges.
- the photovoltaic layer system can be divided into physically separate subsections. These are to be understood as subsections which are not connected to one another directly via any of the individual layers of the photovoltaic layer system, ie without the use of further connecting elements.
- a section preferably has a length and width of 100 mm to 2000 mm, more preferably of 500 mm to 1000 mm.
- the distance between two adjacent sections is preferably from 1 mm to 100 mm, more preferably from 10 mm to 50 mm.
- the sections may, for example, have a rectangular area and be arranged in the form of mutually parallel rows.
- the individual partial regions are preferably connected in parallel and / or in series with one another by means of electrically conductive connecting elements depending on the intended use.
- the electrically conductive connecting elements are formed, for example, as strips or strips which contain at least one metal or a metal alloy.
- the electrically conductive connecting elements preferably contain at least aluminum, copper, tin-plated copper, gold, silver or tin and alloys thereof.
- the electrically conductive connecting elements preferably have a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.3 mm.
- the subsections of the photovoltaic layer system can also be divided into groups, wherein the subsections of each group are connected in series with each other and wherein the groups are connected in parallel with each other, for example by the connection to common bus bars.
- the area of the photovoltaic layer system is preferably from 50% to 100% of the area of the roof pane according to the invention, for example from 50% to 90%.
- the area of the photovoltaic layer system can be, for example, from 0.1 m 2 to 5 m 2 , preferably 0.5 m 2 to 2 m 2 .
- the integrated photovoltaic module has a specific maximum achievable power PMPP of 10 W / m 2 to 300 W / m 2 , particularly preferably of 50 W / m 2 to 150 W / m 2 .
- the power is measured under the usual standard test conditions for photovoltaic modules (irradiance of 1000 W / m 2 , temperature 25 ° C, radiation spectrum AM 1, 5 global).
- the object of the invention is further achieved by a method for producing a roof panel with an integrated photovoltaic module, wherein at least
- thermoplastic layer (a) a photovoltaic layer system is introduced into a thermoplastic layer
- thermoplastic layer is arranged in terms of area between a substrate containing at least one polymer and an outer pane
- the substrate is bonded to the outer pane via the thermoplastic layer under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure.
- the thermoplastic layer is preferably formed from at least a first and a second thermoplastic film, wherein the photovoltaic system is introduced in terms of area between the first and the second thermoplastic film.
- the photovoltaic layer system can be deposited directly on a surface of the first or the second thermoplastic film.
- the photovoltaic layer system may alternatively be deposited, for example, on a carrier film, which is then inserted between the first and the second thermoplastic film.
- Further layers for example adhesion-promoting layers or further carrier films, can be arranged between the first and the second thermoplastic film.
- the deposition of the thermoplastic layer system on a surface, for example, the first or second thermoplastic film or a carrier film is preferably carried out by sputtering, vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- first the substrate or the outer pane is provided. At least the first thermoplastic film is arranged on a surface of the substrate or the outer pane. If the photovoltaic layer system is provided on a carrier film, then this carrier film is arranged in terms of area on the first thermoplastic film. Subsequently, at least the second thermoplastic film is arranged in terms of area on the first thermoplastic film or the carrier film. In method step (b), in this embodiment, the outer pane or the substrate is arranged in terms of area on the second thermoplastic film, whereby the thermoplastic layer with the photovoltaic system is arranged between the substrate and the outer pane.
- the photovoltaic layer system is arranged between at least the first and the second thermoplastic film before one of the thermoplastic films is arranged on the substrate or the cover disk.
- the first and the second thermoplastic film are connected over a large area via the photovoltaic layer system to a prelaminated thermoplastic layer.
- the bonding preferably takes place under the action of heat, pressure and / or vacuum.
- the prefabricated prelaminate with the embedded photovoltaic layer system is arranged between the substrate and the cover disk.
- the advantage of such a prelaminate lies in a simple and cost-effective production of the roof pane according to the invention.
- the prelaminate may be provided prior to bonding the substrate to the outer pane.
- the conventional methods for producing a roof panel can be used, wherein the thermoplastic intermediate layer, via which the substrate is conventionally glued to the outer pane, is replaced by the prelaminate.
- the photovoltaic system in the interior of the prelaminate is advantageously protected against damage, in particular corrosion.
- the recuperlaminat can therefore be provided well before the actual production of the roof panel in larger quantities, which may be desirable for economic reasons.
- the prelaminate can be connected directly or via further thermoplastic film with the substrate and the outer pane.
- the back and / or the front electrode layer for electrical contacting after application of the photovoltaic layer system and before connecting first and second thermoplastic layer with electrically conductive, for example busbars and / or foil conductor.
- the bonding of the substrate to the outer pane takes place via the thermoplastic layer by methods known per se for producing a composite pane.
- so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130 ° C. to 145 ° C. for about 2 hours.
- vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods known per se operate at about 200 mbar and 130 ° C. to 145 ° C.
- the outer pane, the thermoplastic layer and the substrate can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a roof pane according to the invention.
- Systems of this type are known for the production of laminated glazing and usually have at least one heating tunnel in front of a press shop.
- the temperature during the pressing operation is, for example, from 40 ° C to 150 ° C.
- Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice.
- vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more heatable and evacuable chambers, in which outer pane and substrate can be laminated within for example about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 ° C to 170 ° C.
- the bonding of the substrate to the outer pane via the thermoplastic layer takes place in a particularly advantageous embodiment in the manner described below.
- a release film is arranged on the surface of the substrate facing away from the outer pane and a support disk is arranged on the surface of the release film facing away from the substrate.
- the support disk is preferably comprises a rigid pane and preferably contains glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass or plastics, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and / or mixtures thereof.
- the thickness of the support disk is preferably from 1, 0 mm to 25 mm, particularly preferably from 1, 4 mm to 5 mm.
- the surface of the support disk facing the substrate should have the same curvature as the surface of the outer disk facing the substrate. The support disk is thus selected in size and shape so that they would in principle be suitable to be connected to the outer disk to form a composite disk.
- the release film is made of a material that is suitable for preventing permanent adhesion between the support disk and the substrate.
- the release film preferably contains at least one polytetrahalogenoethylene, more preferably at least polytetrafluoroethylene and / or polychlorotrifluoroethylene. This is particularly advantageous with regard to the adhesion-preventing properties of the release film.
- the release film preferably has a thickness of from 0.01 mm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm, for example from 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
- the stack of outer pane, thermoplastic layer, substrate, release film and support disk can be easily subjected to per se known methods for producing a composite disk, for example those described above. This provides a permanently stable connection between the outer pane and the substrate via the thermoplastic layer. Due to the adhesion-preventing effect of the release film, the support disk can then be easily removed.
- a further aspect of the invention comprises the use of a roof panel according to the invention in vehicles for traffic on land, in the air or on water, preferably in trains, trams, ships and motor vehicles such as buses, trucks and especially passenger cars.
- the electrical energy obtained by means of the integrated photovoltaic module for example, the battery of an electric vehicle can be cooled, the passenger compartment can be cooled during parking, a secondary battery of the vehicle can be charged, or a heatable pane can be operated during parking.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the substrate, the thermoplastic layer, the
- Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 each show a detail of a roof panel according to the invention with an integrated photovoltaic module.
- the roof pane comprises a substrate 1 and an outer pane 2, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic layer 3.
- the roof panel is the roof panel of a motor vehicle.
- the outer pane 2 consists of thermally toughened soda-lime glass and has a thickness of 3 mm.
- the substrate 1 is made of polyvinyl fluoride (Tedlar ®, DuPont) and has a thickness of 0.8 mm.
- the surfaces facing away from each other of the outer pane 2 and the substrate 1 represent the outer surfaces of the roof panel.
- the roof panel is curved formed, as is customary for motor vehicle roof windows.
- the roof panel has a width of 1 10 cm and a length of 130 cm.
- the thermoplastic layer 3 is formed from a first thermoplastic film 4 and a second thermoplastic film 5.
- the first and second thermoplastic films 4, 5 are made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and each have a thickness of about 0.7 mm.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- the thermoplastic films 4, 5 are shown schematically for clarity. After lamination of the roof pane, the transition between the thermoplastic films 4, 5 need not be discernible as a clear boundary, especially if the thermoplastic films 4, 5 consist of the same material.
- a Photovoltaic layer system 6 is arranged between the first thermoplastic film 4 and the second thermoplastic film 5 arranged. The photovoltaic layer system 6 does not extend to the side edges of the thermoplastic layer 3.
- thermoplastic layer 3 with a width of about 50 mm is not provided with the photovoltaic layer system 6.
- first and the second thermoplastic film 4, 5 are connected directly to one another.
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 is thus protected in the interior of the thermoplastic layer 3 advantageously against environmental influences, in particular corrosion.
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 has a total area of about 1.2 m 2 .
- the surface of the photovoltaic layer system 6 is thus about 84% of the surface of the roof panel.
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 comprises a back electrode layer 10, which contains molybdenum and has a layer thickness of about 300 nm.
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 further contains a photovoltaically active absorber layer 1 1, which contains sodium-doped Cu (InGa) (SSe) 2 and has a layer thickness of about 2 ⁇ .
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 further includes a front electrode layer 12 containing aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and having a layer thickness of about 1 ⁇ .
- a buffer layer not shown, is arranged, which contains a single layer of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and a single layer intrinsic zinc oxide (i-ZnO).
- the buffer layer effects an electronic adaptation between absorber layer 11 and front electrode layer 12.
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 is subdivided into sections 7.
- the sections 7 are physically separated from each other, so are not directly connected to each other via any of the individual layers of the photovoltaic layer system 6.
- the photovoltaic layer system 6 has a total of nine of these sections 7, which are arranged in three mutually parallel rows, each with three sections 7.
- FIG. 1 shows the cross section through one of these rows.
- the sections 7 each one of these rows are interconnected in series. The interconnection takes place by means of a suitable electrical connection between the electrode layers 10, 12 of respectively adjacent sections 7 via electrically conductive connection elements 8.
- the electrically conductive connection elements 8 are designed as strips of aluminum with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The distance between adjacent sections 7 is about 5 mm.
- the two outer sections 7 of the illustrated series of serially connected sections 7 are each connected to a bus bar, not shown.
- a likewise not shown foil conductor is connected, which extends beyond the side edges of the thermoplastic layer 3 and serves the external electrical connection.
- Each of the three rows of the serially interconnected sections 7 is connected to the same bus bars, the rows are thus connected in parallel.
- Each of the subsections 7 of the photovoltaic layer system 6 is subdivided into individual photovoltaically active regions, so-called solar cells 9, by means of processes known per se for the production of a thin-film photovoltaic module.
- the solar cells 9 of a partial section 7 are each connected in series over a region of the back electrode layer 10 and a region of the front electrode layer 12, which is returned to the back electrode layer 10, in monolithic integrated form.
- Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the components of a roof panel according to the invention prior to bonding to the roof panel in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the substrate 1, the thermoplastic layer 3 with the first thermoplastic film 4, the photovoltaic layer system 6 and the second thermoplastic film 5 and the outer pane 2 are arranged one above the other in terms of area.
- the thermoplastic films 4, 5 and the photovoltaic layer system 6 may optionally already be present as prelaminated thermoplastic layer 3.
- the substrate 1, the thermoplastic layer 3, the photovoltaic layer system 6 and the outer pane 2 are configured as in the roof pane of FIG.
- a support plate 14 is arranged on the side facing away from the outer pane 2 surface of the substrate 1.
- the support disk 14 is made of soda lime glass and is formed in size and shape as the outer disk 2. Between the support disk 14 and the substrate 1, a release film 13 is arranged.
- the release film 13 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene and has a thickness of 1 mm.
- the release film 13 covers the entire surface of the substrate 1. The surface of the release film 13 is thus at least as large as the surface of the substrate 1, but may also be larger than in the example shown and protrude beyond the side edges of the substrate 1.
- the roof panel according to the invention can be easily prepared, although the substrate 1 is formed as a flexible film.
- the stack of support disk 14, release film 13, substrate 1, thermoplastic layer 3 and outer pane 2 can be easily known per se for producing a laminated glass be subjected.
- the release film 13 prevents the adhesion between the support disk 14 and the substrate 1.
- Fig. 4 shows an example of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a roof panel with integrated photovoltaic module.
- roof windows can be realized, which in comparison to conventional rooflights with integrated photovoltaic module a significantly reduced weight, but still have sufficient stability to be used as roof windows, for example in motor vehicles , Due to the flexibility of the thermoplastic layer 3 with the photovoltaic layer system 6 and roof windows can be realized with strong radii of curvature.
- the photovoltaic layer structure 6 can be arranged over a large area in the thermoplastic layer 3.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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EP13725602.0A EP2855180A1 (de) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-05-17 | Dachscheibe mit einem integrierten photovoltaik-modul |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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EP12170870 | 2012-06-05 | ||
PCT/EP2013/060245 WO2013182398A1 (de) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-05-17 | Dachscheibe mit einem integrierten photovoltaik-modul |
EP13725602.0A EP2855180A1 (de) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-05-17 | Dachscheibe mit einem integrierten photovoltaik-modul |
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EP2855180A1 true EP2855180A1 (de) | 2015-04-08 |
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EP13725602.0A Withdrawn EP2855180A1 (de) | 2012-06-05 | 2013-05-17 | Dachscheibe mit einem integrierten photovoltaik-modul |
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US (1) | US10056515B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2855180A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6328105B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20150013668A (de) |
CN (1) | CN104334384A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013182398A1 (de) |
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2013
- 2013-05-17 CN CN201380029543.XA patent/CN104334384A/zh active Pending
- 2013-05-17 WO PCT/EP2013/060245 patent/WO2013182398A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-05-17 JP JP2015515457A patent/JP6328105B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-17 KR KR1020147033849A patent/KR20150013668A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-05-17 EP EP13725602.0A patent/EP2855180A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-17 US US14/400,719 patent/US10056515B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2013182398A1 (de) | 2013-12-12 |
KR20150013668A (ko) | 2015-02-05 |
US10056515B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 |
JP2015521388A (ja) | 2015-07-27 |
JP6328105B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
CN104334384A (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
US20150129013A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
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