EP2853401B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Behältern - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Behältern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2853401B1
EP2853401B1 EP14180297.5A EP14180297A EP2853401B1 EP 2853401 B1 EP2853401 B1 EP 2853401B1 EP 14180297 A EP14180297 A EP 14180297A EP 2853401 B1 EP2853401 B1 EP 2853401B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
container
rotation
reception means
print head
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Active
Application number
EP14180297.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2853401A1 (de
Inventor
Bernhard Domeier
Sonnauer Andreas
Gette Viktor
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Krones AG
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Krones AG
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Publication of EP2853401A1 publication Critical patent/EP2853401A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B41J3/40733—Printing on cylindrical or rotationally symmetrical objects, e. g. on bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
    • B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
    • B41F13/06—Turning-bar arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F17/00—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for
    • B41F17/006—Printing apparatus or machines of special types or for particular purposes, not otherwise provided for for printing on curved surfaces not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for printing, in particular non-rotationally symmetrical, containers, in particular of bottles or cans, with a preferably multi-colored print image.
  • Containers for products are imprinted to identify the product and / or for a high quality product presentation.
  • the printing can be applied either directly to a printing section of a container outer surface (direct printing) or as additional pressure on a label.
  • the ink or ink is applied with one or more printheads directly on the container outer surface or the label.
  • the printed image may have, for example, characters, logos, patterns and color gradients.
  • the printed image can continue to be monochrome or multicolored. In the case of multicolor print images, separate print heads are frequently provided per printing ink, which apply the respective printing ink to the printing section according to the inkjet method.
  • the multi-color print image can be generated with one or more printheads according to the principle of "wet in wet printing" in a single printing process and then fixed.
  • the process according to the inkjet principle has in common that the quality of the print image depends crucially on the distance of the print head from the surface to be printed and the speed at which the surface to be printed is passed during the printing process on the print head.
  • a part of the ink sprayed by the inkjet principle does not end up on the area of the container outer surface to be treated, but rather passes as an aerosol of finely divided ink particles into the surrounding air.
  • the ink particles then deposited in an uncontrolled manner, inter alia, on the printing section, resulting in blurring of the ink as well as errors or Quality losses in the printed image leads.
  • the greater the printing distance, ie the distance of the print head from the surface element of the printing section to be printed in each case the more ink or ink passes into the surrounding air. For this reason, it is desirable that the printing pitch be kept constantly small throughout the printing process.
  • the printing section to be printed to be guided past the print head with a surface speed that is as constant as possible so that there is a uniform spacing between the applied printing dots.
  • a uniform surface speed ensures a uniform resolution of the generated print image.
  • a device for printing in particular non-rotationally symmetrical containers is from the document US 5 029 523 A known.
  • a shaping of container receptacles of the device is achieved that the distance of a print head to the wall of the opposite container is kept constant.
  • the containers are guided step by step from one print head to the next.
  • the object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for printing containers, in particular non-rotationally symmetrical containers, in which a substantially constant pressure interval can be guaranteed during the entire printing process.
  • the device according to the invention or the method according to the invention should have a substantially constant surface speed allow the surface to be printed. More generally, it is an object of the present invention to improve the quality of printed images applied to containers of complex cross-section and to increase the throughput of a device for printing such containers.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable, for example, for printing on convex or concave printing sections with respect to the container outer surface, ie segments of the container outer surface to be printed, and in particular for printing on printing sections whose cross-section is part of an oval parallel to the container base.
  • the shape of the cross section of the printing section and the shape of the container base correspond.
  • the invention is not limited to the printing of such containers, but also allows the printing of containers in which the shape of the printing section to be printed deviates from the shape of the container base. This is the case, for example, in the case of tapered or bulbous containers and in containers with stepped, in particular deepened, formed surface sections in the cosmetics and hygiene sector.
  • the invention is applicable to the printing of printing sections on arbitrarily shaped containers, as long as the cross section of the printing section can be parameterized parallel to the base of the container with a continuously differentiable function. Deviations from the parameterized form within normal manufacturing tolerances are allowed.
  • Container according to the invention are in particular designed as a container packaging for filling material, such.
  • filling material such.
  • Printing inks or inks for the purposes of the invention are those inks or inks, in particular in liquid or slightly viscous form, which can be processed with print heads, which are preferably digitally controllable and operate on the inkjet printhead principle.
  • the at least one print head comprises a plurality of printing nozzles or openings for discharging the printing ink or ink, which are arranged, for example, in at least one row and are electrically controllable individually for discharging the ink or ink and for this purpose at the respective nozzle opening, a pressure-generating element , For example, in the form of an electrode or a piezoelectric element.
  • the print head can furthermore be made tiltable within a predetermined angular range with respect to a first axis (longitudinal axis) perpendicular to the exit direction of the ink or ink and / or with respect to a second axis (transverse axis) perpendicular to the exit direction of the ink or ink respective tilt angle can be adjusted by means of the at least one control and / or regulating unit such that the exiting ink jet as possible impinges perpendicularly to each surface element of the printing section to be printed.
  • the transport system can be designed as a carousel, on which the rotatably arranged container receptacles circulate on a circular path, or as a closed loop forming endlessly driven transport system.
  • the latter may in particular comprise a substantially linear transport path, which leads past the printing unit.
  • the transport system can be driven equal to a rotor, while for driving the container receptacles along the closed loop forming transport system conveyor belts, transport chains and / or linear motors can be used.
  • linear motors advantageously allow individual propulsion of the container receptacles with flexibly adjustable speed along the transport path of the transport system.
  • the transport system has a multiplicity of containers rotatable about axes of rotation, which can be designed to clamp the containers to the container bottom and / or to the container mouth.
  • the container receptacles may be formed, for example, as a container plate.
  • the container receivers may be arranged along regular angular segments on a carousel or at regular intervals along the closed path.
  • When using a linear motor is also a flexible arrangement of container receptacles conceivable.
  • the container receptacles can be designed to receive the containers from a feed star and to transport them along the circumference of the transport system and deliver them to a drain star after the treatment, including the printing.
  • the treatment of the containers may include, in particular, the curing of the printed image and the application of a sealing or covering layer.
  • the transport system may in particular be arranged as part of a container treatment apparatus in a beverage processing plant.
  • the container treatment apparatus may be arranged downstream of a filling installation for filling a product into the containers.
  • the container treatment device can also be arranged directly downstream of a stretch blow molding machine for PET bottles.
  • the printing unit with the at least one print head and the transport system are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the container receivers are guided past the at least one print head when they circulate on the closed web.
  • the printing unit z.
  • the printing unit In the periphery of the transport system, d. H. outside the circumference of the closed path, be arranged.
  • the printing unit fixed, d. H. be immovable relative to a footprint of the device executed.
  • the device according to the invention can comprise a plurality of printing units, in particular those for applying in each case a printing ink, which can be arranged successively along the circumference of the closed web. It can be arranged between two successive printing units depending on a curing station for fixing the respectively applied ink or the sealing or covering layer.
  • the container receptacles are each designed to be rotatable about its own axis of rotation oriented generally perpendicular to a plane formed by the closed path, individually and independently of one another.
  • the respective axis of rotation can be arranged centrically or eccentrically with respect to the container receptacle itself and / or the container to be accommodated. Even a rotation axis outside the container receptacle is conceivable, wherein the container receptacle can be rotated as a whole about the respective axis of rotation.
  • the container receptacles can in particular be designed such that the container receptacle itself and / or the container received by it can be moved relative to the respective axis of rotation in order to enable the printing of containers of different diameters and / or circumferences.
  • the container receptacle and / or the container can be moved, for example, by means of a linear axis and an electronically controllable servomotor.
  • the distance between the centroid of the generally circular shaped container receptacles and the respective axis of rotation or the distance between the centroid of the base of the recorded respective container and the respective axis of rotation are automatically adjusted during a product change by means of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • the adaptation can take place on the basis of one or more parameters stored in a storage unit of the control and / or regulating unit, which are assigned to different types of containers and / or cross sections to print sections to be printed.
  • the container receptacles may have a container receiving area with a receiving device, in which the respective recorded container can be clamped.
  • the container receiving area may, for. B. as a device on a turntable for receiving the container bottom and / or as a centering device for receiving an upper part of the container, in particular a container mouth in bottles or bottle-like containers, be formed.
  • the centering device may comprise a centering bell.
  • the receiving area may be arranged eccentrically to the container receptacle by a central axis of the receiving area, d. H.
  • a vertical axis through the center of gravity of the recorded in the receiving area base of the container hereinafter referred to as the central axis of the container, offset from a central axis of the container receptacle, d. H. a vertical axis through the centroid of the container receptacle, is arranged.
  • the container receptacles may each have a radially extending to the respective axis of rotation guide a movable relative to the container receptacle receiving device designed to adjust the distance between the axis of rotation and central axis of the receiving area in a product change as described above.
  • the guide can be realized as shown above, for example, as a linear axis with an electronically controllable servo motor. As a result, for example, the eccentricity of the container receiving area for different types of containers can be adjusted.
  • the receiving device and / or the centering device can be interchangeable.
  • the container receptacles can be interchangeable as a whole.
  • the container receptacles can be easily adjusted to specific container types.
  • the container receptacles, receiving devices and / or centering devices may comprise one-hand closures for quick change, which are optionally designed as a spring clip or bayonet closure.
  • the container receptacles can be individually and independently rotated with a predetermined by the control and / or regulating unit course of the angular velocity about their respective axes of rotation.
  • a container receptacle receiving a receptacle may be rotated about its axis of rotation such that a printing section on the outer surface of the receptacle is positioned in front of a printhead past which the receptacle is passed.
  • the container receptacle and / or the first drive may have a rotary encoder, which may be designed as an incremental encoder and / or absolute encoder and the setting of a predetermined by the control and / or control unit angular position of the container receiving area with respect to the axis of rotation allowed.
  • the receiving device can be arranged with respect to the container receptacle such that the containers are received with a desired orientation with respect to the axis of rotation.
  • the receiving device and / or centering device can additionally be equipped with a rotating device which can rotate the recorded containers about their axis of rotation such that the respective printing section to be printed on the container outer surface assumes a predetermined angular position with respect to the axis of rotation of the respective container receptacle ,
  • a rotating device which can rotate the recorded containers about their axis of rotation such that the respective printing section to be printed on the container outer surface assumes a predetermined angular position with respect to the axis of rotation of the respective container receptacle
  • Such an additional turning device may for example be coupled to an opto-electrical control system for aligning labeled containers prior to the start of the printing process such that the label to be printed is aligned in the direction of the print head.
  • the setting of the predetermined angular position and / or the additional rotation of the container about its axis of rotation can be done as an initial alignment before the start of each printing process by means of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • the at least one first drive is designed to rotate one or more container receptacles about their respective axis of rotation.
  • the device can either have a common first drive for rotating the container receptacles about their respective axis of rotation or individual first drives for rotating a respective container receptacle about its axis of rotation.
  • a drive can be provided for each printing unit or print head, which rotates the container receptacle which carries the container, which is currently to be treated by the printing unit or print head, about its axis of rotation.
  • the respective drive can be arranged stationary in the region of the respective printing unit or printhead.
  • each container receptacle may have a separate first drive, which in particular can be moved along with the container receptacle along the closed path.
  • each container receptacle at any time individually and independently of the other container receptacles be rotated by means of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • the control and / or regulating unit may be advantageous.
  • the at least one first drive can each be designed as an electric motor.
  • the respective first drive can be connected via shafts with one or more container receptacles.
  • a transmission can be arranged between the respective drive and one or more container receptacles.
  • the electric motors can be designed as stepper motors or as servomotors. In a design as a servomotor, the electric motors may each comprise one of the above-mentioned rotary encoder and / or Hall sensors.
  • the at least one first drive can also be designed as a control curve, resulting in a particularly cost-effective drive for rotating the container receptacles. In the case of a product change, the control curve can be replaced by the control curve corresponding to the container to be newly treated.
  • the container receptacles can in principle be rotated with an arbitrary angular velocity or any course of the angular velocity with respect to the respective axis of rotation.
  • the angular velocity is limited only by the structural limitations of the drive used.
  • structural specifications of the container receptacles or printing units used can lead to a restriction of the adjustable rotation angle to a predetermined range.
  • variable control of the respective first drive it is possible, unlike a transfer of gears, to adapt the rotational movement of the container receptacles to the respective container circumference and in particular to the shape of the cross section of the printing section to be printed parallel to the base of the container, hereinafter referred to as horizontal cross section. Consequently, the rotational movement of the container receptacles can be controlled or regulated such that the surface elements of the printing section are guided past the respective print head during the printing process at a predetermined speed (see below). For example, it is possible to control or regulate the drive in such a way that the surface element of the printing section currently printed by the print head reaches the predetermined speed. In addition, it is possible to set a given speed course default, which correlates with different surface elements of the printing section.
  • the printing distance is defined as the distance of the respective print head from the respective surface element of the printing section to be printed along the exit direction of the printing ink or ink.
  • the printing nozzles arranged along the print head longitudinal axis define, together with the discharge direction of the printing ink or ink, a printing plane of the printing head in which the printing distance can be defined as the perpendicular distance with respect to the longitudinal axis of the surface element to be printed from the print head.
  • a regulation of the first drive can be effected, for example, as a function of an angular position determined by means of a rotary encoder and / or angular speed of the container receptacle.
  • Deviating distances of the printing nozzles from the above-defined printing plane can lead to slight printing speed deviations or drip end placements, since usually high-resolution printing heads have several nozzle rows. However, these can be calculated accordingly and simply corrected via time delays or printed image corrections.
  • print image distortions triggered by different geometric conditions (pressure spacings, curvatures of the surface, etc.), can be mathematically or empirically determined and corrected. This correction can be either via the electronic control of the printhead by e.g. Delays or by the correction of the printed image.
  • the control and / or regulation of the first drive takes place as a function of the shape of the horizontal cross section of the printing section, the relative position of the respective axis of rotation and the central axis of the container to be printed as well as the shape of the container. For example, in a non-constant radius of curvature printing section convex with respect to the container outer surface, an increase in the printing distance due to the passage of the printing section past the print head can be compensated for by rotating the container toward increasing radii of curvature.
  • the optimal relative position of the axis of rotation with respect to the respective container receptacle and the optimum relative position of the receiving area with respect to the container receptacle may depend on the desired pressure separation, the shape of the container as well the printing section and a possible tiltability of the print head are determined in advance and stored in a memory unit of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • a substantially constant pressure interval can be understood to mean a pressure interval which is constant within predefined tolerance limits.
  • the tolerance limits may, for example, relative to a mean pressure interval, z. B. as 10% of the average pressure separation, or relative to a resolution of the printed image to be generated, for. B. as five times the distance of adjacent pressure points specified.
  • Average distances are in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm, but preferably between 2 mm and 6 mm. The average distance is influenced by the print quality and the printing technology.
  • a substantially constant pressure interval can also be understood as a pressure interval which is greater than or equal to a predetermined minimum and smaller than or equal to a predetermined maximum pressure interval.
  • a minimum pressure margin may be an absolute value, e.g. B.
  • a maximum pressure interval for example, as an absolute value, z. B. 3 mm, or as a relative value based on a printing resolution, z. Example, as fifteen times the distance of adjacent pressure points are given.
  • the printing distance can be specified depending on the material of the surface to be printed, the ink or ink used and the properties of the printhead used. Since the pressure interval can be kept substantially constant by superimposing the controlled or controlled rotational movement and the movement along the closed path, the quality of the printed image produced increases, in particular in the region of the edges of the respective printing section. High pressure gaps generally lead to reduced print quality. By measures described above, even difficult surface areas can be printed due to the pressure drop reduction.
  • the control and / or regulating unit may comprise a microprocessor or a similar process unit and a memory unit.
  • parameters and / or curves for controlling the at least one first drive may be stored in the manner of a variety management, which are assigned to different container types and / or horizontal cross sections of the printing sections.
  • parametrizations of the horizontal cross sections in two-dimensional polar coordinates with respect to a central axis of the respective container and / or the respective axis of rotation of the container receiver can be stored. From such parametrizations, the required angular positions and / or angular velocities can then be calculated with the aid of the microprocessor to achieve a substantially constant pressure separation.
  • the required Angle positions and / or angular velocities are stored in the memory unit.
  • the device may further comprise at least one second drive for moving the container receptacle along the closed path, which is designed such that the container receptacle is guided past the print head at a predetermined speed.
  • the nature of the at least second drive in this case depends essentially on the design of the transport system.
  • the transport system can be driven equal to a rotor.
  • a single electric motor variably controllable by means of the control and / or regulating unit can move the multiplicity of container receptacles which are arranged on the carousel as a second drive along the circular path of the carousel.
  • conveyor belts, transport chains and / or linear motors can be used for the at least one second drive of the container receptacles along a transport system forming a closed loop.
  • linear motors advantageously allow individual propulsion of the container receptacles with flexibly adjustable speed along the transport path of the transport system.
  • the at least one second drive can be variably controlled by means of the control and / or regulating unit such that a container receptacle carrying a container to be printed is guided past a specific print head at a predetermined speed.
  • a common second drive for example in combination with a carousel, any further printing units and / or print heads can be arranged along the periphery of the carousel such that several printing processes, eg. B. with different inks or inks, synchronously to various containers can be performed.
  • individual second drives z. B. in the form of a linear motor, can be dispensed with such a synchronization.
  • the speed with which the container receptacle is guided past the print head ie the speed of the container receptacle along the closed path, can by the control unit depending on a printing performance of the print head, a resolution of the print image to be generated and / or Form of the container and / or the horizontal cross section of the printing section can be specified.
  • the predetermined speed according to a in a memory unit of the control and / or regulating unit filed variety management of the device the respective container type are flexibly adapted.
  • the at least one second drive can be controlled or regulated such that the predetermined speed of the container receptacle is constant at least during the printing of the printing section, wherein the first drive means of the control and / or regulating unit with respect to an angular velocity of rotation of the container receptacle is controlled and / or regulated about its axis of rotation and in dependence on the predetermined constant speed of the container receptacle, such that a velocity component of a printing element of the printing section perpendicular to a printing plane of the printing head during printing of the printing section is substantially constant.
  • the first drive can be controlled and / or regulated such that the velocity component perpendicular to the printing plane within predetermined tolerance limits, for. B. 5% of the average velocity component during the printing process, is constant.
  • Typical mean velocity components are in the range of 1 m / min to 100 m / min, preferably between 20 m / min and 75 m / min.
  • Speed tolerances are in the range of +/- 10%, preferably in the range ⁇ +/- 5%. Unavoidable tolerances can be obtained via print image corrections or electronic control of the print head, e.g. be corrected for delays.
  • a constant speed of the container receptacle is to be understood here and below as meaning a constant speed along the closed path which is different from zero during the printing operation.
  • the constant speed of the container receptacle is superimposed on a rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the container receptacle controlled and / or regulated by the control and / or regulating unit in such a way that a velocity component of a surface element of the printing section to be printed perpendicular to a printing plane of the printing head during the Printing the printing section is substantially constant.
  • the first drive is controlled and / or regulated such that the entire printing section is moved through the printing plane at a substantially constant overall speed perpendicular to the printing plane, the movement of the printing section and its overall speed resulting from the superimposition of the movement of the container receptacle along the printing path closed path and the rotational movement of the container receptacle result.
  • the print head and the transport system are arranged relative to one another such that the closed path of the container receptacles pierces the printing plane of the print head vertically.
  • the printing plane is defined by a parallel to the respective axis of rotation of the container receptacle by the respective print head and the exit direction of the ink or ink from the respective print head.
  • the present invention is not limited to constant speeds of the container receptacle, but explicitly includes developments in which the predetermined speed of the container recording during printing of the printing section follows a predetermined depending on a shape of the printing section, in particular non-constant, speed course, and wherein the first drive by means of the control and / or regulating unit with respect to an angular velocity of the rotation of the container receptacle about its axis of rotation and in dependence on the predetermined speed profile of the container receptacle is controlled and / or regulated such that a velocity component of a printing surface element of the printing section perpendicular to the printing plane of Printhead during printing of the printing section is substantially constant.
  • the first drive is thus controlled and / or regulated as a function of the predefined speed profile in such a way that all the surface elements of the printing section to be printed at the respective time point at which they are printed have approximately the same speed component perpendicular to the printing plane of the print head ,
  • the container outer surface convex pressure sections whose horizontal cross sections have a non-constant radius of curvature with a single minimum, ie their horizontal cross sections in their parameterization in two-dimensional polar coordinates with respect to a central axis of the container or the respective axis of rotation of the container receptacle only one
  • Have polar angle with minimum radius at least a speed profile of the container receptacle and a profile of the angular velocity of rotation of the container receptacle can be determined for each desired speed of the surface element to be printed perpendicular to the printing plane, which is both the substantially constant pressure interval and the substantially constant vertical velocity component guarantee the surface element to be printed during the entire printing process of the printing section.
  • the respective speed profiles and courses of the angular velocity can either be calculated automatically by a microprocessor of the control and / or regulating unit based on the shape of the horizontal cross section of the printing section, the container shape and / or the relative position of the axis of rotation to the central axis of the container or in the form of a variety management be stored for quick product change in a memory of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • the convex printing sections described above include in particular printing sections on the broad sides of oval or elongated oval containers.
  • oval or stretched oval containers can thus be printed at a constant printing distance and at the same time constant surface speed perpendicular to the printing plane, which leads to a significantly improved quality of the printed image with simultaneously high throughput of containers to be printed.
  • the transport system can be designed such that the closed path is straight, at least in the region of the print head.
  • the area of the print head can be defined as a part of the closed web, which comprises at least the part intended for the printing process.
  • this part of the closed web is formed straight, whereby the driving and / or regulating the first and / or second drive during the printing of the printing section is particularly simple, since no change in the pressure gap due to a curvature of the web in the printhead taken into account must become.
  • Such a straight section of the closed track can be realized, for example, with a transport system that forms a closed loop and is endlessly driven.
  • the second drive can be advantageously realized by means of a linear motor at least in the region of the print head, whereby an individual movement of the container receptacles in the region of the print head is made possible.
  • the transport system may be designed such that the closed path is formed curved in the region of the print head such that a vertical Distance of the axis of rotation of the container receptacle of the print head in the region of the print head corresponds to a predetermined depending on a shape of the printing section course.
  • the relative distances of the axis of rotation from the central axis of the container receptacle and from the center axis of the accommodated container or the receiving area during the printing process are constant.
  • the axis of rotation thus follows a similar path as the central axis of the container receptacle, even with eccentric position of the axis of rotation, in the sense that the axis of rotation follows a curved, closed path.
  • the two tracks match.
  • the vertical distance of the axis of rotation from the print head can now be defined as a vertical distance of the straight line defined by the axis of rotation from a point of the print head, in particular from an exit opening of a print nozzle of the print head.
  • the printhead can be designed to be fixed relative to the printing unit or tiltable as described above.
  • the predetermined course may be described, for example, in relation to a length coordinate of the web from a reference point or with respect to an angle between the plane formed by the axis of rotation and a parallel to the axis of rotation by the print head and the printing plane of the print head.
  • a good approach for determining the predetermined curvature of the closed path in the area of the print head is given by the parameterization of the horizontal cross section of the printing section in two-dimensional polar coordinates with respect to the axis of rotation, where the vertical distance follows the course of the radius as a function of the polar angle.
  • the predetermined curvature can be realized, for example, by means of exchangeable curve profiles for defining the curvature of the path or by mounting the container receivers including the respective first drive on special transport elements which, driven by the at least second drive, follow a simple linear or circular path, wherein the container receivers and Their axes of rotation, for example by means of linear axes and servomotors relative to the respective transport elements can be designed to be movable.
  • concave pressure sections partly planar, partly curved pressure sections and partly concave, partly convex pressure sections, such as, for example, the container outer surface.
  • wave-shaped printing sections to be printed with a constant pressure interval and constant vertical surface speed.
  • the profile of the vertical distance can be predetermined such that an intersection angle of the printing section with the printing plane of the printhead during the printing of the printing section is substantially constant.
  • the cutting angle is to be understood here as the angle between the tangent to the horizontal cross section of the printing section at the intersection with the printing plane.
  • a substantially constant cutting angle may in particular be a cutting angle, which within predetermined tolerance limits, for. B. +/- 5 degree of arc, preferably +/- 2 degree arc, constant.
  • a constant angle of intersection guarantees a constant angle of incidence of the ink or ink jet impinging from the print head onto the surface element to be printed and thus a uniform resolution of the printed image.
  • the special curvature of the web in the region of the print head can be calculated automatically as described above based on a parameterization of the horizontal cross section of the printing section by means of a microprocessor of the control and / or regulating unit or stored in a memory unit of the control and / or regulating unit in the form of a variety management become.
  • the curvature of the web and the associated control curves and / or parameters for the first and second drive for certain types of containers can be stored in the storage unit, thereby enabling a particularly rapid product change.
  • the closed path in the region of the print head can be curved in such a way that the angle of intersection is substantially 90 °.
  • the printing ink or ink emerging from the print head is substantially perpendicular to the surface element of the printing section to be printed, i. H. the printing plane cuts the printing section vertically.
  • the velocity component of the surface element to be printed corresponds to the total surface velocity of the surface element perpendicular to the printing plane, i. H. tangential to the surface.
  • the container receptacle can be designed in such a way that the container to be accommodated in the container receptacle can be received eccentrically to the axis of rotation.
  • This can for example be realized as described above by eccentric arrangement of the receiving device with respect to the central axis of the container receptacle.
  • the receiving device as described above can be arranged movable relative to the container receptacle.
  • any existing centering device can also be designed to be movable.
  • the centering device can be designed self-centering, in the sense that it turns back in an empty container receptacle in a predetermined angular position with respect to the respective axis of rotation. This can be done for example by means of a control cam and / or a spring mechanism of the centering device.
  • eccentric arrangement of the recording device and printing sections whose horizontal cross-sections have circular segments can be printed with the devices according to the developments described above with constant pressure distance and constant vertical surface speed.
  • eccentric arrangement of the recording device and controlled and / or regulated first and second drives can thus print sections on containers with arbitrarily complex shaped surfaces with high print quality and high throughput.
  • the movement of the at least one container receptacle along the closed path as described above can take place automatically by means of at least one second drive, wherein the at least one second drive can be controlled variably by means of a control and / or regulating unit.
  • moving the at least one container receptacle along the closed path may include controlling and / or regulating the at least one second drive in such a way that the container receptacle is guided past the printhead at the predetermined speed.
  • the simultaneous rotation of the container receptacle about its axis of rotation as described above by means of at least one first drive can be automated, wherein the at least one first drive by means of the control and / or regulating unit is variably controllable.
  • the simultaneous rotation of the container receptacle about its axis of rotation may include controlling and / or regulating the at least one first drive in such a way that the printing section is guided past the printhead at the predetermined, substantially constant printing distance.
  • the method may further comprise printing the printing section by means of the printing head of the printing unit with at least one printing ink or ink.
  • the method may comprise the automatic calculation of the control cams and / or control parameters for controlling and / or regulating the first and / or second drive by means of a microprocessor of the control and / or regulating unit as a function of a container type and / or horizontal cross section of the pressure section.
  • the cams and / or control parameters are calculated in particular as a function of parameterizations of the horizontal cross sections in two-dimensional polar coordinates with respect to a central axis of the respective container and / or the respective axis of rotation of the container receptacle, which are stored in a memory unit of the control and / or regulating unit in the form of a variety management can.
  • the required cams and / or control parameters can also be stored directly in the memory unit.
  • the method may comprise reading out the control curves and / or control parameters associated with the type of container to be printed and / or horizontal cross section of the printing section from the storage unit of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • the corresponding speed profiles of the container receptacles along the closed path and courses of the angular velocity of rotation of the container receptacles can thus either automatically by the microprocessor of the control and / or regulating unit based on the shape of the horizontal cross section of the printing section, the container shape and / or the relative position of Rotary axis calculated to the central axis of the container or stored in the form of a variety management for rapid product change in the memory unit of the control unit.
  • the containers accommodated in the container receptacles for printing the printing section by means of a controlled and / or regulated movement of the respective container receptacle along the closed path and a simultaneous, d. H. superimposed rotational movement of the container receptacle guided past its respective axis of rotation of the respective print head.
  • the method may further comprise simultaneously adjusting a vertical distance of the axis of rotation of the container receptacle from the printhead in the region of the printhead in accordance with a predetermined depending on a shape of the printing section such that an intersection angle of the printing section with a printing plane of the printhead is essentially constant.
  • the simultaneous adjustment of the vertical distance of the axis of rotation of the container receptacle from the printhead can, as described above, be achieved automatically by controlled and / or controlled movement of the container receptacle along a path correspondingly curved in the region of the printhead or by controlled and / or controlled method of container receptacle including its axis of rotation, d. H. including corresponding bearing elements and / or carried with the container receiving individual first drive, take place along a linear axis.
  • the container receptacles may be mounted on special transport elements which, driven by the at least one second drive, follow a simple linear or circular path.
  • the method of container receptacles can be done, for example, by means of linear axes and servomotors. It should be emphasized that a web portion having a certain curvature due to the variable drive of the first and second drives may each be used for a whole class of shapes of horizontal cross sections and / or bin types, unless a constant intersection angle of the print section with the print plane of the printhead is needed. For constant cutting angles, the required curvature of the web section in the region of the print head can be easily adapted to the respective container type or horizontal cross section of the printing section by means of exchangeable curve profiles for defining the web curvature.
  • the curvature of the corresponding web section can be adapted particularly quickly by means of the described movability of the container receptacle.
  • the simultaneous adjustment of the vertical distance of the rotation axis may include the reading of control curves and / or control parameters for driving the actuator driving the linear axis from a storage unit of the control and / or regulating unit.
  • Controlled and / or controlled superposition of a rotational movement of the container receptacle about its axis of rotation with the movement of the container receptacle along the closed path thus guarantees both a constant printing distance throughout the printing process and a constant surface speed perpendicular to the printing plane, even for elaborately shaped containers to be printed become. As a result, both the print quality of the generated print image and the throughput of containers can be improved.
  • a special curvature of the web section in the region of the print head it is also possible to realize a constant intersection angle of the surface to be printed with the printing plane, that is to say in particular a vertical print angle, thereby further improving the quality of the printed image.
  • the device according to the invention is capable of any type of container shape with high quality and speed to print as long as the horizontal cross section of the printing section can be parametrized continuously differentiable.
  • the print image can be broken down into several print sections in most cases, each of which allows a continuously differentiable parameterization. In these cases, the surface can be printed in sections accordingly.
  • a container treatment apparatus for printing on containers 110 can be seen in a plan view.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown here with a carousel 100 as a transport system often occurs in container treatment devices of the beverage industry, but also in the cosmetics and hygiene sector.
  • a single-lane container stream 140 is provided by a Einteilschnecke (not shown) with a predetermined pitch and then fed to an inlet star 150, which receives the container 110 individually and passes on to the container receptacles of the carousel 100.
  • the containers Before transfer to the inlet star 150, the containers can be pretreated via energy input, eg plasma or flame, in order to specifically modify the free surface energy. Additionally, by ionizing the air, the static charge of the containers can be eliminated.
  • the containers are shown in this exemplary representation for the sake of simplicity with a circular cross-section, z. B. as bottles or bottle-like containers. It is understood, however, that the shape of the container receptacles can be adapted in a simple manner not rotationally symmetrical containers.
  • container receptacles can be used, which can generally be used for containers of various shapes and sizes by interchangeable or adaptable receptacles for containers with certain surface shapes are arranged on or on the container receptacles.
  • the container receptacles 130 are arranged at uniform angular intervals about the axis of rotation 160 of the rotor of the carousel 100 offset on the carousel. Each container receptacle is rotatable about its respective axis of rotation (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the container receivers 130 are guided past a plurality of printing units 120a-e, which are arranged at the periphery of the carousel.
  • a printing section is printed on the respective container outer surface while passing the containers carried by the container receptacles.
  • the printing units 120a-e the same printing section with different colors, eg. As yellow, magenta, cyan and black, print or print different sections with the or the respective colors.
  • the last printing unit 120e may apply a sealing or covering layer to the printed image to protect against external influences.
  • a curing station 125 for fixing the printed image is arranged on the periphery of the carousel.
  • the fixation can be done depending on the ink or ink by means of infrared radiation, UV radiation, electron beams, microwaves or the like.
  • the printing units 120a-e and the curing station 125 are formed in this representation fixed at the periphery of the carousel. Other colors or decorating technologies can also be used on the carousel.
  • the present invention is not limited to carousel-like transport systems, but also applicable to general transport systems, as long as they have the container receptacles described and at least one controllable or controllable second drive.
  • a transport system can be used, in which a plurality of container receptacles are driven along a path forming a closed loop by at least one second drive and thereby circulate endlessly.
  • the transport system with a linear motor and individually movable transport elements, which carry the container receptacles and optionally their respective first drive for rotating the respective container receptacle, be formed.
  • the printing units can be arranged in particular along a straight track section of the transport system.
  • the distance between the printing head and the surface element to be printed generally changes when printing on curved printing sections advancing the container receptacle along the path during the printing process.
  • FIG. 3 shows as an example the large fluctuation of the pressure margin when printing the wide side of an oval container according to a method of the prior art.
  • the web portion on which the container container (not shown) carrying the oval container 300 is mounted on the print head 320 is shown as straight 380 shown. It is easy to see that the pressure margin generally varies greatly even when using a carousel as a transport system.
  • the container is as in FIG. 3 shown without rotation past the print head 320.
  • the figure shows two snapshots 300 and 300 'of the container, between which the container moves at a predetermined speed in the direction of the linear path 380.
  • different surface segments 340 and 340 ' are swept over by the ink jet 330 emerging from the print head 320 at the two times shown.
  • a widely varying pressure interval leads, as described above, to a deterioration of the printed image.
  • the problem of varying the pressure separation is solved according to the present invention by superimposing a controlled rotational movement of the container receptacle about its axis of rotation on the movement of the container receptacle along the path section, as shown in FIG. 4 is shown schematically.
  • the container 400 continues to move in three snapshots 400, 400 'and 400 "along the linear path 480, as can be seen by the change in the position of the axes of rotation A, A' and A".
  • the container is rotated clockwise by rotation of the container receptacle about its axis of rotation A, A 'or A ".
  • increasing printing distance between surface element to be printed and printhead 420 acts the decreasing pressure separation due to Rotation of the oval container to larger radii of curvature opposite.
  • the central axis of the oval cross-section and the axis of rotation of the container receptacle coincide.
  • the effect can be achieved or even enhanced with eccentric position of the axis of rotation with respect to the cross section of the pressure section, in particular if the axis of rotation between the rotary head and the central axis of the container is arranged.
  • the pressure interval during the printing process changes only slightly due to the superposition of rotary and linear movement of the container receptacle.
  • the printing section to be printed on an oval or stretched oval container can even be guided past the print head with an exactly constant printing distance.
  • the figure also shows schematically the intersection angle ⁇ between the tangent T to the surface element to be printed of the container 400 and the discharge direction D of the ink jet, which defines the printing plane of the printhead together with the parallels to the axis of rotation A by the printhead 420. It can be seen that the pressure angle ⁇ can change significantly even during the fall of a simple oval surface during the printing process.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a container receptacle including individual first drive and linear axis in side view, with which the in FIG. 4 shown superposition of rotational and linear movement of the container receptacle can be realized.
  • the illustrated container receptacle comprises a turntable 230 and a centering device 290.
  • the turntable 230 is driven via a shaft by a controllable servomotor 260 as a first drive and a control unit 270, wherein the control unit 270, the exact angular position and / or angular velocity of the drive 260 via a rotary encoder detect and control the currents through the winding of the drive 260 so that the desired rotational position and / or the desired angular speed of the turntable 230 is achieved.
  • the control unit 270 the exact angular position and / or angular velocity of the drive 260 via a rotary encoder detect and control the currents through the winding of the drive 260 so that the desired rotational position and / or the desired angular speed of the turntable 230 is achieved.
  • At the lower end of the container 210 is received with its bottom in the receiving area 235 of the turntable 230.
  • the center axis of the container M has an offset to the axis of rotation A of the container receptacle 230, wherein the axis of rotation A in the case shown extends within the receiving area 235 for the container bottom.
  • the receiving area 235 is shown here as a recess in the container receptacle, so that when a product change the container receptacle must be replaced.
  • the receiving area 235 can also be provided with a receiving device arranged separably on the turntable, wherein the receiving device can be designed such that it can accommodate containers of different base areas.
  • the receiving device can be designed to be movable relative to the container receptacle, whereby the eccentricity of the rotational axis with respect. The center axis of the container can be adjusted.
  • the centering device 290 is provided, which is also rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation A and which has the same eccentricity as the turntable 230.
  • the centering device 290 is carried out by means of the control cam 292 and the roller 294 self-centering. If the container receptacle 230 is empty, the centering device 290 is rotated via the control cam 292 and a spring, not shown here in a predetermined angular position that the next pass on the inlet star 150, a new container 110 can be added and the centering of the centering device 290 the receiving area 235 opposite.
  • the shaft 296 of the centering device 290 is freely rotatably supported by corresponding bearings about the axis of rotation A and has no own drive.
  • the drive 260 and the control unit 270 which also controls the second drive for the movement of the container receptacle along the web section in the region of the print head, it is possible, the rotational movement of the container receptacle 230 about the axis of rotation A in such a function of the predetermined velocity course, with the container receptacle 230 is guided past the print head to control that the printing section 212a or 212b of the container 210 is guided past the print head at a substantially constant printing distance and a substantially constant surface speed perpendicular to the printing plane D.
  • each surface element of the printing section 212a or 212b is printed by the inkjet printing head 420 with the same resolution and accuracy.
  • the constant pressure gap also ensures a high quality of the printed image.
  • the pressure interval can be measured continuously and taken into account by the control unit 270 for adjusting the angular velocity of the first drive 260 and / or the speed of the container receptacle along the path by means of the second drive.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the container receptacle in FIG. 2 further shows a linear axis 280, to which both the container receptacle 230 and the individual first drive 260 are attached.
  • a further servomotor 285 which is controlled or regulated by the control unit 270, which is generally stationary, a joint movement of the axis of rotation A and center axis M of the container with respect to the print head can take place by operation of the linear axis 280.
  • This can be, for example, as in FIG. 6 illustrated curved track of the axis of rotation A of the container receptacle realize.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the superposition of the rotation of the oval container to be printed and the movement of the container receptacle along such a specially curved path.
  • the axis of rotation of the container receptacle shown here as the crossing point of the respective cross, moves along a sinusoidally curved path 680.
  • the container outer surface convex shape of the printing section to be printed, the web in the region of the print head 620 is curved away from the latter, wherein the minimum path distance is achieved by the print head when the axis of rotation in the printing plane D comes to rest.
  • the container is rotated about the axis of rotation in a clockwise direction such that there is a substantially constant pressure clearance and substantially constant surface velocity perpendicular to the printing plane D results.
  • the figure shown here merely shows a schematic example of a curved path of the axis of rotation. If a more curved web is selected, a substantially constant angle of intersection of the surface to be printed and the printing plane D can additionally be realized.
  • the polar angle is set equal to the angle between the printing plane D and the plane defined by the connecting line between the rotation axis and the printing head 620 and the rotation axis.
  • the angle of rotation of the rotational movement about the axis of rotation can then be determined as a function of the position of the axis of rotation along the path so that the intersection angle between the surface to be printed and the printing plane D corresponds to the predetermined, substantially constant pressure angle.
  • a constant surface speed of the printing printing section perpendicular to the printing plane D is made possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows on the basis of a detail of the surface element to be printed the relevant velocity vectors of in FIG. 4 illustrated movement. Due to the rotational movement 520 of the container receptacle about the axis of rotation A results in a surface velocity 550 along the tangent T to the surface of the container to be printed 500 at the intersection with the printing plane D.
  • the surface velocity 550 has a component 530 perpendicular to the printing plane D and a component 540th
  • the total surface speed 560 is perpendicular to the printing plane D.
  • the first and / or second drive ie the linear and / or rotary movement of the container receptacle, realize a constant surface speed 560 perpendicular to the printing plane D.
  • a rotational angle ⁇ given in dependence on the position of the axis of rotation along the path for example after specifying a specially curved path to guarantee a substantially constant vertical pressure angle, a velocity profile of the movement of the container receptacle along the path is determined which guarantees a constant surface speed perpendicular to the printing plane D, depending on the curvature of the web. From the rotation angle ⁇ and the velocity profile, the angular velocity ⁇ to be determined is then obtained .
  • the signals necessary for the production of the printing cycles can either be transmitted to the print head independently of the container surface movement or depending on this.
  • pressure cycles can also be transmitted as a function of the speed, so that the resulting speed of the container surface does not have to be constant.
EP14180297.5A 2013-09-04 2014-08-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bedrucken von Behältern Active EP2853401B1 (de)

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US9463616B2 (en) 2016-10-11
EP2853401A1 (de) 2015-04-01
US20150059601A1 (en) 2015-03-05
DE102013217669A1 (de) 2015-03-05
CN104275922A (zh) 2015-01-14

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