Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
  • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
  • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
  • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
  • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/0803—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for initiating engine start or stop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
  • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
  • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
  • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
  • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
  • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
  • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
  • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
  • F02N11/0844—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop with means for restarting the engine directly after an engine stop request, e.g. caused by change of driver mind
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H1/00—Contacts
  • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
  • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
  • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
  • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

• Electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising at least two movable contacts.
• the invention relates to the technical field of starters for a motor vehicle engine.
• a starter generally comprises an electric motor associated with drive means of the internal combustion engine.
• the drive means are most often adapted to be coupled to the movable members of the internal combustion engine during a start-up phase of the latter and to be uncoupled from the internal combustion engine when the latter is running.
• the starter comprises an electromagnetic switch adapted to, firstly, control the power supply of the electric motor and, secondly, to control the coupling and uncoupling of the drive means from the combustion engine.
• the drive means comprise a launcher which is rotatable on itself and is movable in axial translation between a rest position and a driving position of the internal combustion engine. The launcher is then moved between its rest and driving positions by a lever operated by the electromagnetic switch.
• the invention relates more particularly to such an electromagnetic switch, also called contactor, for a motor vehicle starter.
• an electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising:
• a first moving contact which is situated between the first and second terminals and which is movable between a rest position and a feed position
• a plunger core, of a first coil intended to actuate a system for operating a starter launcher, controlling the displacement of the first movable contact
• a second movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the second terminal and which is movable, between a disconnected position and a connected position, by a core of a second coil and a spring.
• the switch is capable of being placed, according to the supply of the coils, in three operating states, namely:
• the first movable contact is in an engagement position between the supply position and the rest position and is in electrical contact with the first electrical terminal
• the second movable contact is in the rest position and in electrical and mechanical contact with the first movable contact
• the second terminal is electrically isolated from the moving contacts and from the first terminal
• the first movable contact is in the supply position and is in electrical contact with the second terminal via the second movable contact and is in electrical contact with the first terminal
• the second movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second terminal.
• the starter Given the three distinct states that the starter is likely to know, it is possible to control the power supply of the motor by placing the switch in its power state after placing it in its commitment state.
• the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the movable contact in the disconnected position.
• the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the movable contact in the connected position.
• the first contact exerts a force on the second moving contact passes from the disconnected position to the connected position when the first contact passes from the engagement position to the supply position.
• the second movable contact is in the disconnected position when the second coil is energized, and is in the connected position when the second coil is deactivated and in that the second movable contact is held in position. position connected by a spring.
• the electromagnetic switch comprises
• a third movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the first terminal and which is moved between a disconnected position and a shunt position by a core of a third coil and a spring, and limitation electrically mounted between the first terminal and the third movable contact,
• the third movable contact is electrically isolated from the other two movable contacts
• the first movable contact in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact, and in that the third movable contact is in the mechanically isolated disconnected position of the third terminal and is electrically connected to the first terminal through the limiting resistor,
• the first movable contact is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact
• the third movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the first terminal shunting the resistor
• switch is capable of transitioning to an intermediate state in which:
• the first movable contact is in the engagement position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second and third movable contacts
• the third movable contact is in the disconnected position and is in electrical contact with the first terminal via the limiting resistor
• the second movable contact is in the connected position and is electrically connected to the second terminal.
• the four separate states of the switch allow fine control of the starter incorporating the switch according to the invention.
• this embodiment makes it possible to use a resistor in series with the electric motor for a short time when powering the electric motor.
• the third movable contact is in the disconnected position when the third coil is activated.
• the first movable contact exerts a mechanical force on the third movable contact to move it towards the shunt position when the third coil is not energized and in that that a return spring applies a force on the third movable contact towards the disconnected position, and is held in the disconnected position by a spring.
• the third movable contact is permanently electrically connected via a limiting resistor to the second terminal, so that in the intermediate state the limiting resistor is energized and in the state of power supply resistance is short-circuited.
• This characteristic allows controlling in the intermediate state a rotation of the electric motor with a lower power than that available in the power state.
• the second and / or third coil is a micro-solenoid.
• the second and / or third movable contact is formed by a contact stirrup comprising two jaws which hold between them the core of the micro solenoid which is also located between the two jaws.
• the stirrup-contact is then preferably adapted to support the passage of a power current.
• the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
• the tank is then preferably integral with a wall of the switch.
• the stirrup-contact is adapted to support the passage of a power current.
• the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
• the tank is integral with the body of the switch.
• the invention also relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine comprising:
• the invention also relates to a starter system comprising a starter described above, wherein the first coil comprises
• a call winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor
• a holding winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the negative terminal of the motor and an input terminal connected to an input terminal of the call coil
• system further comprises:
• an electric battery comprising a positive terminal connected to the second terminal of the switch and a negative terminal connected to a terminal of the electric motor;
• a first switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and from a second terminal to the holding and calling coils;
• a second switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery, and from a second terminal to the input terminal of the second coil, and
• the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the winding of the first coil.
• the third coil is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil.
• the various variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.
• FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway view of a starter for a heat engine according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated in FIG.
• FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 incorporating the switch represented in FIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the switch illustrated in FIG. 2 in a state of rest.
• FIG. 5 is a side view of a micro-solenoid constituting a coil of a switch according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the micro-solenoid shown in FIG.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, showing a state of engagement of the switch illustrated in FIG.
• FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, showing a power state of the switch illustrated in FIG.
• FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section of another embodiment of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated in FIG.
• FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 incorporating the switch represented in FIG. 11.
• FIG. 13 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the switch illustrated in FIG. 11 in a state of rest.
• FIGS. 14 and 15 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing a state of engagement of the switch illustrated in FIG.
• FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing an intermediate state of the switch illustrated in FIG. 11.
• FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing a power state of the switch illustrated in FIG. 11.
• Figures 20 and 21 are similar diagrams, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing another embodiment of a switch according to the invention in a state of rest.
• a starter D according to the invention for a heat engine comprises a front part A comprising a gearbox R on which is fixed an electric motor M controlled by an electromagnetic switch C which also controls a launcher L integrated in the front part A.
• the launcher L and the gearbox R together form drive means of the internal combustion engine.
• the embodiment of such a starter D and its constituent elements are well known to those skilled in the art so that only the characteristics necessary for understanding the invention will be described. For more information on the details of realization of a starter which would not be described later, it is possible to refer to the documents FR 2 934 933 and 1933, FR 2 843 427, WO 2005/054664.
• the electromagnetic switch C comprises, like that of the spring of FIG. 2, a first terminal B1 and a second terminal B2 which extend outside the body 1 of the switch C.
• the first terminal B1 is, according to FIG. example shown in Figure 3, intended to be connected to a pole of a battery 2, while the second terminal B2 is intended to be connected to the electric motor M.
• the terminals Bl and B2 belong to a multi-contact assembly MC constitutive of the switch C and shown schematically in FIG. 4.
• the multi-contact assembly MC comprises a first movable contact C1 which is located between the first and second terminals B1 and B2.
• the first movable contact C1 is actuated by a plunger P1 of a first coil L1.
• the plunger PI is also adapted to move the launcher L between these rest and engagement positions.
• the first coil L1 comprises two windings Em and Ea which have a common end connected to a control unit U. A first winding, said maintains, Em is, moreover, connected directly to the vehicle while the other winding , called call, Ea is, moreover, connected to the second terminal B2.
• the multi-contact assembly MC also comprises a second movable contact C2 which is located between the first movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2.
• the second moving contact C2 is displaced by the core P2 of a second coil L2 which is connected, on the one hand, to the control unit U and, on the other hand, to the second terminal B2.
• the second movable contact C2 has the shape of a U-shaped stirrup comprising two parallel branches 10 and 11 connected by a core 12 substantially parallel to the second coil L2.
• the second movable contact C2 is preferably made of a material having very good characteristics of electrical conductivity, such as copper so as to withstand without heating the passage of a high intensity current.
• the second coil L2 is then made in the form of a micro-solenoid 9 comprising the movable core P2 which is gripped by the two branches 10 and 11 of the second movable contact C2 being substantially parallel to its core 12.
• the Mobile core P2 is, for example, made of soft iron so that it can be magnetized and have good electrical conductivity characteristics.
• the mobile core P2 is surrounded by the second coil L2 which is disposed inside a tank 14. Furthermore, this tank 14 is connected to the body 2 so as to be immobilized in translation parallel to the axis ⁇ of the coil and translation of the core P2.
• the micro-solenoid 9 finally comprises a spring 15 interposed between the tank 14 and the lower branch 11 of the movable contact C2.
• the control unit U comprises a first switch II dedicated to the supply of the first coil L1 and a second switch 12 dedicated to the supply of the second coil L2. [35] The output terminals of the second and the first coils are electrically connected together.
• Switch C as so constituted operates in the following manner.
• the first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1.
• the plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical contact. and electrical with the first terminal Bl as well as with the second movable contact C2.
• the supply of the second coil L2 holds the second movable contact C2 in the disconnected position D to prevent the moving contact C1 from moving the movable contact C2 to the connected position.
• the switch C can be placed in a power state, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
• the second switch 12 is open so that the second coil L2 is no longer powered which causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F3, its core P2 thus placing the second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
• the switch further comprises a holding spring W illustrated in FIG. 1 which applies a force on the mobile contact C1 towards the powered position and which also applies a force on the movable contact C2 via the moving contact C1 towards the connected position.
• first C1 and second C2 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the motor Electric motor starter M is powered and can provide the drive of the internal combustion engine.
• the return spring 15 exerts a force bringing the moving contact back into the disconnected position when the contact pad moves to the home position.
• the first contact Cl is perfectly placed in its engagement position when the launcher L properly meshes the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
• the electric motor M is powered only if, on the one hand, the second switch 12 is closed and, on the other hand, the launcher L is properly engaged.
• the movable contact is arranged between the movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2. The operation remains identical to the mode described above.
• the switch C comprises, as shown in Figures 11 to 13, a third movable contact C3 which is located between the first terminal Bl and the first movable contact C1.
• This third contact mobile C3 is actuated by the core P3 of a third coil B3 made as the second coil B2 in the form of a micro solenoid as shown in Figures 5 and 6 so that it is not necessary to describe further the constitution.
• the second movable contact C2 is further permanently granted to the second terminal B2 by a flexible braid T incorporating a current limiting resistor R.
• the third coil L3 is connected, on the one hand, to the second coil L2 and, on the other hand, to the first switch II of the control unit U while the second coil L2 is connected to the second terminal B2 via the limiting resistor R.
• the second switch 12 of the control unit U is further connected to the line connecting the second coil L2 to the third coil L3.
• the second moving contact moves from one position disconnected at a shunt position, also called short-circuit, corresponding to the embodiment previously described by the connected position. In the shunt position the resistor R is short-circuited.
• the switch as so constituted operates in the following manner.
• the switch C When starting the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to this variant is desired, the switch C is placed in an engagement state more particularly illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. For this purpose, the first switch II is closed , the second switch 12 remaining open.
• the first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1.
• the plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical contact. and electrical with the second movable contact C2 and third movable contact C3.
• the second coil L2 and the third coil L2 are also energized which holds the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3 in the disconnected position by means of a magnetic force represented by the arrows F2.
• the movement of the plunger PI has also placed the launcher L in a position of engagement with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
• the switch C can be placed in an intermediate state, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17.
• the second switch 12 is closed so that the third coil L3 is short-circuited and is no longer powered.
• the lack of supply of the third coil L3 causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F4, of its core P3 thus placing the third movable contact C3 in the connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal Bl.
• the second coil L2 is in parallel with the winding Ea call is still remains in order to maintain the second movable contact in the disconnected position.
• the switch C can be placed in a power state as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
• the second switch 12 is open and is open so that the power supply of the call winding Ea at least of the first coil L1 is cut off as well as the supply of the second and third coils B2 and B3 so as not to retain the moving contact C2 and that it moves under the effect the holding spring W which applies a force F5 towards the connected position Cx through the moving contact C1.
• the second movable contact C2 in the connected position Cx is therefore in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
• the first C1, second C2 and third C3 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the electric motor M of the starter is powered at full power and can drive the internal combustion engine.
• the second movable contact C2 is permanently connected to the second terminal by a braid T comprising the resistor R.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
• Electromagnets (AREA)
• Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Push-Button Switches (AREA)
• Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-12-22 FR FR1162255A patent/FR2985084B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-12-21 KR KR1020147020270A patent/KR20140110961A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-12-21 CN CN201280070422.5A patent/CN104126215B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-12-21 US US14/368,188 patent/US9599087B2/en active Active
  • 2012-12-21 EP EP12816771.5A patent/EP2795651B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2012-12-21 KR KR1020147020229A patent/KR101903832B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2012-12-21 BR BR112014014275A patent/BR112014014275A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-12-21 US US14/367,170 patent/US9470199B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-12-21 EP EP12816760.8A patent/EP2795650B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2012-12-21 CN CN201280070509.2A patent/CN104126216B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-12-21 BR BR112014014250A patent/BR112014014250A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-12-21 WO PCT/FR2012/053051 patent/WO2013093371A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-12-21 WO PCT/FR2012/053036 patent/WO2013093365A1/fr active Application Filing

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