EP3764383A1 - Elektromechanisches relais mit reduzierter dispersion des nachlaufs, und verfahren für seine umsetzung - Google Patents

Elektromechanisches relais mit reduzierter dispersion des nachlaufs, und verfahren für seine umsetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3764383A1
EP3764383A1 EP20184102.0A EP20184102A EP3764383A1 EP 3764383 A1 EP3764383 A1 EP 3764383A1 EP 20184102 A EP20184102 A EP 20184102A EP 3764383 A1 EP3764383 A1 EP 3764383A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
magnetic core
fixed
fixing surface
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20184102.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3764383A9 (de
Inventor
Bruce Davis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
G Cartier Technologies SAS
Original Assignee
G Cartier Technologies SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by G Cartier Technologies SAS filed Critical G Cartier Technologies SAS
Publication of EP3764383A1 publication Critical patent/EP3764383A1/de
Publication of EP3764383A9 publication Critical patent/EP3764383A9/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H49/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of relays or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/04—Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
    • H01H50/041—Details concerning assembly of relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H2011/0087—Welding switch parts by use of a laser beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H01H2050/367—Methods for joining separate core and L-shaped yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • H01H50/28—Parts movable due to bending of a blade spring or reed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/34—Means for adjusting limits of movement; Mechanical means for adjusting returning force

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electromechanical relays, in particular those used in motor vehicles, to fulfill various control or safety functions.
  • An electromechanical relay generally comprises a control coil, consisting of the winding of an electrical conductor intended to be supplied according to a nominal control voltage by a voltage or electric current source, a magnetic core placed in an axial passage of the coil and intended to conduct a magnetic field generated by an electric current flowing through the conductor of the control coil, and a moving armature.
  • a first end of the movable frame is articulated according to a fixed hinge, so that the movable frame is movable by rotation around the hinge between a rest state and a working state.
  • the movable armature comprises an intermediate section of the movable armature, which is located opposite one end of the magnetic core, and which is made of a material capable of being attracted by the magnetic core when the coil is supplied with energy. electric.
  • the mobile armature comprises a movable armature contact section, which extends to a contact free end, provided with a contact pad facing a fixed working contact, and optionally provided with a pad idle facing a fixed idle contact.
  • Elastic return means urge the movable frame to bring it back to the rest state.
  • the movable armature When the control coil is not supplied with electrical energy, the movable armature is in its rest state, in which the intermediate section of the movable armature is away from the magnetic core, and in which the end free of the contact section is supported by the rest pad against the fixed rest contact.
  • the movable frame is maintained in this state of rest by the elastic return means.
  • the intermediate section of the movable armature is attracted by the magnetic core and the movable armature pivot around the hinge against the elastic return means and come into its working state, in which the intermediate section of the armature mobile is near or in contact with the magnetic core, and in which the free end of the contact section is supported by the contact pad against the fixed working contact with an appropriate working force.
  • the working force is used to avoid any rebounds when the electromechanical relay is activated, to avoid any untimely electrical trips under the effect of vibrations, and to guarantee the achievement of a low contact resistance.
  • the switching voltage is a characteristic specific to the electromechanical relay considered. It depends on a fairly large number of factors, including the relative position of the magnetic core, the number of turns of the electrical conductor constituting the coil winding, the dimensional, structural and relative positional characteristics of the magnetic core, the strength of the elastic return means of the mobile armature, the distance between the hinge and the magnetic core, the length and the bending elasticity of the contact section, etc.
  • an electromechanical relay installed in this vehicle to fulfill its control or safety functions, is normally in the engaged state, so that the control coil must be supplied with electrical energy under the nominal control voltage.
  • the control coil is a resistive element, traversed by a current electric proportional to the electric voltage applied to its terminals. It is then understood that the electric energy expended in the coil, which is itself proportional to the square of the electric current, is oversized, already when the nominal control voltage is only a little higher than the switching voltage of the relay.
  • electromechanical that is to say in the case of a relay having a switching voltage higher than those of the relays of the series production, but especially when the nominal control voltage is much higher than the voltage of switching on of the electromechanical relay, i.e. in the case of a relay with a lower switching voltage than the maximum switching voltage of the electromechanical relays of series production.
  • the greater the disparity in the switching voltages of electromechanical relays the greater the unnecessary energy losses.
  • the document JP H07 176254 teaches to force-engage two pieces of the fixed armature on a control coil by effecting the axial force engagement of a lug of the first part into a hole of the second part, until the two parts come into abutment on the shoulders or on the flanges of the control coil.
  • the fixing is then completed by laser welding carried out along the contact line between the edge of the hole and the protruding part of the lug.
  • a notch made in the vicinity of the engagement hole prevents the force exerted on the two parts for the force engagement from deforming the parts.
  • Laser welding makes it possible to avoid the subsequent relative displacement of the two parts with respect to each other and with respect to the control coil, in the event that the pin has a section smaller than the hole.
  • the document JP H05 274977 teaches assembling two parts of the fixed armature of an electromechanical relay by providing an engagement with play between the end of a first part and a hole made in the other part, then ensuring the fixing by laser welding.
  • the engagement with play is used for an orientation and transverse position adjustment of a part relative to the other to ensure parallelism of the two poles of the fixed reinforcement. There is no provision for longitudinal sliding or adjustment of the longitudinal position of one part relative to the other before welding.
  • the document JP H05 47283 teaches the assembly of two pieces of the fixed armature of an electromechanical relay by providing for the nesting of a core in a hole of the fixed armature, then carrying out an internal laser welding at the interface between the fixed armature and the core.
  • a wide air gap area is provided to ensure a constant weld depth.
  • a problem proposed by the present invention is to significantly reduce the energy losses generated in an electromechanical relay integrated in a motor vehicle.
  • Another problem proposed by the present invention is to design means to substantially reduce the residual dispersion of the switching voltage values of the various electromechanical relays produced in series production, a dispersion which has not been sufficiently compensated by the adjustment of the overtravel during the force positioning of the core in the fixed frame.
  • the idea which is the basis of the invention is that, during a forceful positioning of the core in the fixed reinforcement, the driving forces are important and vary according to the tolerances of the parts. When the driving force is released, the parts release their deformations due to mechanical stresses and regain a random shape and relative position, which could explain the residual dispersions of the switching voltages.
  • the particular conformation of the fixing surface of the fixed armature, allowing the axial sliding of the core, allows, during the assembly of the electromechanical relay, an adjustment of the overtravel using a low force for driving the core in. the fixed armature, this driving force being sufficiently low so that the core and the fixed armature do not undergo appreciable deformation during the adjustment, the laser welding then ensuring the relative fixation of the core in the fixed armature without the core and the fixed frame do not deform again when the driving force is released.
  • the particular attachment of the magnetic core by laser welding produces a metallurgical bond between the magnetic core and the fixed armature, which metallurgical bond makes it possible to eliminate the random air gap which is necessary to allow the sliding of the core during the adjustment of the overtravel, an air gap which would be liable to induce a disparity in the switching voltages of the electromechanical relays, and a loss of efficiency of these electromechanical relays.
  • the fixing surface of the fixed frame is shaped so as to leave, before carrying out the laser welding, with respect to the corresponding lateral surface of the magnetic core, a clearance of between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, preferably close to 0.15 mm. Satisfactory sliding of the magnetic core is thus ensured, that is to say without appreciable deformation of the magnetic core and of the fixed armature during the adjustment of the overtravel, and it facilitates the production of the internal laser welding.
  • said at least one laser weld provides a continuous metallurgical connection along the entire fixing surface of the fixed reinforcement.
  • the fixing surface of the fixed frame occupies the entire cross section of the fixed frame.
  • the passage of the magnetic flux between the magnetic core and the fixed armature is thus optimized, so as to increase the performance of the electromechanical relays.
  • a entry chamfer on the magnetic core and / or on the fixed armature preferably on the magnetic core.
  • the chamfer can advantageously be made over 20% of the length of the magnetic core section penetrating into the fixed frame.
  • the respective walls of the magnetic core of the fixed armature can advantageously form an angle of approximately 20 °.
  • the fixing surface of the fixed frame is shaped so as to leave, before step f), with respect to the corresponding lateral surface of the magnetic core, a clearance of between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, advantageously of about 0.15 mm.
  • the electromechanical relay as illustrated in the figures comprises a fixed armature 1, a magnetic core 2, a movable armature 3, a fixed work contact 4, a control coil 5, a contact section 6 which forms a distal section of the mobile armature 3 up to a contact free end 7.
  • the control coil 5 comprises a coil carcass 51, integral with the fixed armature 1, and comprising a cylindrical axial passage 52 developing along a longitudinal axis 1-1 and in which the magnetic core 2 is engaged.
  • a coil winding 53 consisting of an electrical conductor wound around the coil casing 51, is intended to be connected to an external source of nominal control voltage not shown in the figures.
  • a first end 21 of the magnetic core 2 protrudes outside a first end of the axial passage 52 of the control coil 5, and constitutes the attractive pole capable of urging the movable armature 3.
  • a second end 22 of the magnetic core 2 protrudes out. from a second end of the axial passage 52 of the control coil 5, and is fixed to a first end 1a of the fixed armature 1. From its first end 1a, the fixed armature 1 extends radially along a first branch away from the second end 22 of the magnetic core 2, and is connected to a second fixed armature branch 1b which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis II as far as a second fixed armature end 1c against which a first end 31 of the mobile armature 3 bears.
  • the movable frame 3 comprises, from its first end 31, a magnetic section 32, developing parallel to the first branch 1a of the fixed frame 1, facing the first end 21 of the magnetic core 2, and structured so to be attracted by the magnetic core 2 when the latter conducts a magnetic field generated by the control coil 5 which has been supplied with electrical energy.
  • the magnetic section 32 has the general shape of a bar, having an active face 33 oriented towards the magnetic core 2, and having an attachment face 34 facing away from the magnetic core 2.
  • the attachment face 34 comprises, in a zone located between the first end 31 of the frame 3 and the first end 21 of the magnetic core 2, a positioning lug 35.
  • the fixed armature 1 comprises a ferromagnetic material capable of conducting a magnetic field generated by the control coil 5 in the magnetic core 2.
  • the movable armature 3 itself comprises, in its magnetic section 32, a ferromagnetic material, and closes thus the magnetic field generated in the magnetic core 2.
  • the contact section 6 extends the magnetic section 32 of the mobile armature 3, and extends to the -beyond the magnetic section 32 of the movable armature 3, away from the first end 31 of the movable armature 3, to a free contact end 7 which is located opposite the fixed working contact 4, itself integral with the coil frame 51.
  • the contact section 6, in the illustrated embodiment, comprises a leaf spring 61, in the form of a flat strip made of bronze / beryllium alloy, which has the advantage of good elastic properties and good electrical conduction properties.
  • the leaf spring 61 is fixed, along one of its two main faces, on the fixing face 34 of the mobile armature 3, in an intermediate fixing zone located between the first articulated end 31 and the free contact end. 7 of the leaf spring 61.
  • the leaf spring 61 comprises a positioning slot 62 in which the positioning lug 35 which protrudes is forcibly engaged. of the fixing face 34 of the movable frame 3.
  • the leaf spring 61 is extended, beyond said intermediate fixing zone, away from the free contact end 7, by an arcuate section 64 followed by a longitudinal section 65 generally parallel to the second branch 1b of the fixed armature 1 and to which it is fixed with the interposition of a common plug 8 forming one of the terminals of the electric power circuit of the electromechanical relay.
  • the leaf spring 61 constitutes elastic return means 9 of the movable armature 3.
  • the mobile frame 3 Because of its support by its first end 31 on the second end 1c of the fixed frame 1, and because of its retention by the elastic return means 9, the mobile frame 3 is articulated by its first end 31 according to hinge means constituted by the second end 1c of the fixed frame 1, and can thus pivot between a state of rest illustrated on figure 1 and a working condition illustrated on the figure 2 .
  • the elastic return means 9 ensure the return of the movable frame 3 to its rest state.
  • the hinge means also ensure the conduction of the magnetic flux between the fixed armature 1 and the mobile armature 3.
  • the free contact end 7 of the contact section 6 is provided with a contact pad 71 made of an electrically conductive material and having good anti-wear properties.
  • the fixed working contact 4 is formed by a fixed pad 41 made of an electrically conductive material and having good anti-wear properties. The fixed pad 41 is secured to a work plug 10 constituting the second connection terminal of the power circuit of the electromechanical relay.
  • a rest stop 11 limits the movement of the free contact end 7 away from the fixed working contact 4.
  • the first end 1a of the fixed frame 1 comprises a fixing surface 1d.
  • This fixing surface 1d is shaped to cooperate with the second end 22 of the magnetic core 2 along the lateral surface of the magnetic core 2, that is to say the peripheral surface which surrounds the longitudinal axis II of the magnetic core 2.
  • the fixing of the magnetic core 2 is ensured by a laser weld 23 at the interface between the magnetic core 2 and the fixing surface 1d of the fixed armature 1.
  • the laser weld 23 is an internal weld which is carried out so as to ensure a continuous metallurgical connection between the entire fixing surface 1d of the fixed frame 1 and the lateral surface of the second end section 22 of the magnetic core 2.
  • the fixing surface 1d of the fixed reinforcement 1 occupies the entire cross section of fixed reinforcement 1.
  • the fixing surface 1d is shaped to allow free axial sliding of the magnetic core 2.
  • the initial clearance remains apparent between the magnetic core 2 and the excess area of fixed frame cross section. 1.
  • the fixing surface 1d is an end surface of the fixed armature 1, so that the path of the magnetic flux is the shortest between the magnetic core 2 and the fixed armature 1.
  • the control coil 5 is not powered, and does not produce any magnetic field in the magnetic core 2.
  • the movable armature 3 is not attracted by the magnetic core 2, and, by the stressing of the means of elastic return 9, stays away from the magnetic core 2 and comes to bear against the rest stop 11.
  • the control coil 5 is supplied at a nominal control voltage, and produces in the magnetic core 2 a sufficient magnetic field to attract the movable armature 3, against the return stress exerted by the elastic return means 9, until the movable armature 3 comes into contact with the first end 21 of the magnetic core 2 via its active face 33.
  • the contact pad 71 of the free contact end 7 is supported. against the fixed shoe 41 of the fixed working contact 4, so that the free contact end 7 is biased away from the fixing face 34, causing a bending or bending of the section of leaf spring 61 located between the intermediate fixing zone and the free contact end 7.
  • the contact pad 71 of the free contact end 7 bears against the fixed pad 41 of the fixed work contact 4 according to a working force determined essentially by the stiffness characteristics. of the leaf spring 61, and by the length L and the amount of bending of the leaf spring section 61 located between the intermediate fixing zone and the free contact end 7.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an intermediate state of the electromechanical relay between the idle state and the working state.
  • the contact pad 71 of the free contact end 7 is just in contact with the fixed pad 41 of the fixed working contact 4, without any support force, so that the spring blade section 61 located between the fixing zone and the free contact end 7 is not flexed.
  • the active face 33 of the mobile armature 3 is then slightly away from the first end 21 of the magnetic core 2, from which it is separated by an air gap or overtravel S.
  • the mobile armature 3 must perform an additional rotation according to an additional stroke or overtravel S which cancels the air gap between the active face 33 of the mobile armature 3 and the magnetic core 2.
  • This additional stroke S produces the bending of the blade spring 61 in its section between the intermediate fixing zone and the free contact end 7, and produces the working force.
  • the additional stroke S which produces the bending of the leaf spring 61 and the working force, strongly depends on the axial position of the magnetic core 2 relative to the fixed armature 1. According to the present invention, it is thus possible Significantly reduce the disparity in the working forces and in the switching voltages of a series of electromechanical relays by ensuring precise fixing of the magnetic core 2 without inducing any appreciable deformation of the parts, and thanks to its fixing by laser welding 23 on the fixing surface 1d of the fixed frame 1.
  • the manufacture of an electromechanical relay according to the present invention can comprise the steps illustrated on the figures 4 to 6 .
  • the magnetic core 2 can slide freely along its longitudinal axis II, both in the control coil 5 and on the fixing surface 1d of the fixed armature 1.
  • the control coil 5 is not supplied, and the elastic return means 9 keep the movable armature 3 in its position rest.
  • the magnetic core 2 is positioned so that its first end 21 bears against the active face 33 of the movable armature 3.
  • a bias illustrated by arrow 36 is applied to the movable armature 3, for example with a pusher, to push it back in the direction of the control coil 5, until the intermediate position illustrated on the figure is reached. figure 5 .
  • the contact pad 71 of the free contact end 7 is just in contact with the fixed pad 41 of the fixed working contact 4, without any support force.
  • the movable armature 3 has axially repelled the magnetic core 2.
  • overtravel S an additional displacement of predetermined length, which is called overtravel S.
  • the magnetic core 2 is in the position shown in the figure 6 .
  • an overtravel S is chosen, the predetermined length of which is between 0.1 mm and 0.25 mm. Good results have been obtained with an overtravel S, the predetermined length of which is approximately 0.15 mm.
  • the execution of the laser weld 23 can be facilitated by providing an entry cone into which the laser beam can penetrate around the end of the magnetic core 2.
  • the entry cone can be made by a chamfer on the magnetic core. 2, or by a chamfer both on the magnetic core 2 and at the entry of the hole of the fixed armature 1, or by a chamfer on the only fixed armature 1.
  • the depth of the cone can advantageously be about 20 % of the length of the section of the magnetic core which enters the fixed armature 1.
  • the cone angle may be around 20 °.
  • the particular means of fixing the magnetic core 2 on the mobile armature 3 are also applicable, while producing the same advantages, to a structure of electromechanical relay of higher power, capable of controlling voltages of the order of a few tens of volts. to a few hundred volts.
  • the magnetic circuit and the electrical circuit are generally dissociated, by connecting the contact section to the magnetic section by an electrically insulating spacer in order to move the contact section away from the magnetic circuit.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
EP20184102.0A 2019-07-08 2020-07-04 Elektromechanisches relais mit reduzierter dispersion des nachlaufs, und verfahren für seine umsetzung Withdrawn EP3764383A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1907592A FR3098638B1 (fr) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 Relais electromecanique a dispersion reduite de la surcourse, et procede pour sa realisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3764383A1 true EP3764383A1 (de) 2021-01-13
EP3764383A9 EP3764383A9 (de) 2021-04-07

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EP20184102.0A Withdrawn EP3764383A1 (de) 2019-07-08 2020-07-04 Elektromechanisches relais mit reduzierter dispersion des nachlaufs, und verfahren für seine umsetzung

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EP (1) EP3764383A1 (de)
CN (1) CN112201540A (de)
FR (1) FR3098638B1 (de)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1397334A (fr) * 1964-03-16 1965-04-30 A D M P Applic Des Metaux Pulv Procédé d'assemblage d'éléments de circuit magnétique
JPH0547283A (ja) 1991-08-19 1993-02-26 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd リレーの鉄心とコイルの組立方法
US5220720A (en) 1990-10-01 1993-06-22 United Technologies Corporation Method to precisely position electromagnetic relay components
JPH05274977A (ja) 1992-03-26 1993-10-22 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電磁石装置の製造方法
JPH07176254A (ja) 1993-12-21 1995-07-14 Anritsu Corp 電磁石及びその製造方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5038126A (en) * 1990-10-01 1991-08-06 United Technologies Automotive, Inc. Precisely positioned electromagnetic relay components
CN103794412B (zh) * 2014-02-08 2016-01-20 上海沪工汽车电器有限公司 一种电磁继电器及其制造方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1397334A (fr) * 1964-03-16 1965-04-30 A D M P Applic Des Metaux Pulv Procédé d'assemblage d'éléments de circuit magnétique
US5220720A (en) 1990-10-01 1993-06-22 United Technologies Corporation Method to precisely position electromagnetic relay components
JPH0547283A (ja) 1991-08-19 1993-02-26 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd リレーの鉄心とコイルの組立方法
JPH05274977A (ja) 1992-03-26 1993-10-22 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電磁石装置の製造方法
JPH07176254A (ja) 1993-12-21 1995-07-14 Anritsu Corp 電磁石及びその製造方法

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Publication number Publication date
CN112201540A (zh) 2021-01-08
FR3098638A1 (fr) 2021-01-15
EP3764383A9 (de) 2021-04-07
FR3098638B1 (fr) 2021-12-03

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