EP3855470B1 - Elektromagnetisches stellglied und elektrisches schaltgerät, das ein solches elektromagnetisches stellglied umfasst - Google Patents

Elektromagnetisches stellglied und elektrisches schaltgerät, das ein solches elektromagnetisches stellglied umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3855470B1
EP3855470B1 EP21152887.2A EP21152887A EP3855470B1 EP 3855470 B1 EP3855470 B1 EP 3855470B1 EP 21152887 A EP21152887 A EP 21152887A EP 3855470 B1 EP3855470 B1 EP 3855470B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
auxiliary
actuator
magnetic
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21152887.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3855470A1 (de
Inventor
Remy Orban
Cédric BRICQUET
Régis Perrocheau
Stéphane FOLLIC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3855470A1 publication Critical patent/EP3855470A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H01H50/42—Auxiliary magnetic circuits, e.g. for maintaining armature in, or returning armature to, position of rest, for damping or accelerating movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/20—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature movable inside coil and substantially lengthwise with respect to axis thereof; movable coaxially with respect to coil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical switching device comprising such an actuator.
  • Electromagnetic actuators generally comprise a fixed armature which carries at least one coil capable of generating a magnetic field, and a movable part which moves in translation under the action of the magnetic field generated by the coil, thanks to a magnetic circuit which is used to channel the magnetic flux.
  • Such actuators are often encountered in electrical switching devices, such as contactors, or relays, or remote-controlled switches.
  • the moving part is generally mechanically coupled to electrical contacts or a switching mechanism, to selectively open or close an electrical circuit.
  • a drawback is that, in this case, the electric currents induced by the magnetic field can no longer flow in the stacking direction of the plates, because of poor electrical conductivity at the interfaces between the plates.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit allows induced currents to flow in the actuator when a magnetic field is generated, whereas these induced currents cannot flow in other portions of the actuator, such as the circuit magnetic, which are formed by assemblies of laminated ferromagnetic plates.
  • the induced currents cause a phase shift between the magnetic flux and the electrical control current used to power the coil, which generates a visible electromotive force on the voltage across the coil.
  • This electromotive force can be used to implement methods for diagnosing and/or detecting the state of wear or the operating state of the actuator.
  • the induced currents circulating in the auxiliary magnetic circuit nevertheless remain low enough not to degrade the performance of the actuator, in particular not to generate excessive energy losses.
  • an electrical switching device comprises an electromagnetic actuator as defined above.
  • the figure 1 And 2 represent an electromagnetic actuator 2 according to embodiments.
  • the actuator 2 comprises an armature 4 carrying at least one coil 6, a moving part 8 and a ferromagnetic yoke 10 configured to channel a magnetic flux created by the coil 6.
  • Said at least one coil 6 is configured to generate a magnetic field along a longitudinal axis X2, which here corresponds to a direction of movement of the moving part 8.
  • two coils 6 are mounted on the armature 4 one beside the other and are jointly controlled. In practice, several coils 6 can be used together to generate the magnetic field. Alternatively, however, only one coil 6 can be used.
  • Each coil 6 here has the shape of a cylinder having the axis X2 as its central axis.
  • Coil(s) 6 are configured to be electrically powered by a control circuit, not shown, which may be external to actuator 2.
  • the armature 4 is made of an electrically insulating material, such as a polymer material, for example polyamide, or any suitable material.
  • the mobile part 8 is arranged to move relative to the armature 4 under the action of the magnetic field created by the coil or coils 6.
  • the movable part 8 is configured to move reversibly and selectively in translation between a retracted position and an extended position relative to the armature 4. In the example illustrated, this movement is achieved by translation in the direction X2.
  • the mobile part 8 cooperates with the yoke 10 to form a magnetic circuit capable of channeling the magnetic flux created by the coil or coils 6.
  • the moving part 8 and the yoke 10 are both made of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the cylinder head 10 is at least partly formed by assembling rolled metal plates, or even completely formed by an assembly of rolled metal plates.
  • the movable part 8 is also at least partly formed by assembly of laminated metal plates, or even completely formed by an assembly of laminated metal plates.
  • the metal plates, or sheets are superimposed within the assembly along a direction perpendicular to the axis X2.
  • the moving part 8 and the yoke 10 have complementary shapes which allow looping back of the magnetic flux created by the coil or coils 6.
  • the mobile part 8 has a “T” shape and comprises an elongated central portion 12 in the form of a bar, which extends along the axis X2.
  • the central portion 12 here has a cross section of rectangular shape, this cross section being defined in a transverse plane perpendicular to the axis X2.
  • the mobile part 8 also comprises arms 14, for example two arms 14, arranged at the distal end of the central portion 12 and extending perpendicularly to the central portion 12.
  • the armature 4 here comprises a central orifice 16 which extends along the axis X2 and which is surrounded by the coil or coils 6.
  • a flux corresponding magnet circulates along the central part 12.
  • the central part 12 is received inside the central orifice 16 and slides along the central orifice 16 when the movable part 8 moves in translation.
  • the yoke 10 has for its part a closed shape with a C-shaped profile, the upper and lower faces of which are here parallel to the axis X2.
  • the yoke 10 which delimits a central cavity inside which the armature 4 is housed.
  • the distal ends of the upper and lower faces of the yoke 10 here include spreaders 18, which are in the form of folded edges of the upper and lower faces of the yoke 10.
  • the spreaders 18 are arranged opposite the arms 14 of the mobile part 8.
  • the spreaders 18 facilitate the looping back of the magnetic flux between the yoke 10 and the mobile part 8.
  • the arms 14 are respectively in contact with the spreaders 18 or, on the contrary, away from the spreaders 18.
  • the arms 14 facilitate the looping back of the magnetic flux between the mobile part 8 and the yoke 10 in the magnetic circuit, even when the spreaders 18 are omitted.
  • the actuator 2 can be used in an electrical switching device, such as a contactor, or a relay, or a remote-controlled switch, or an electrical protection device, or equivalent.
  • an electrical switching device such as a contactor, or a relay, or a remote-controlled switch, or an electrical protection device, or equivalent.
  • an electrical switchgear has one or more separable electrical contacts that are movable between open and closed states to selectively interrupt or allow the flow of electrical current.
  • the actuator 2 can be coupled to the moving contacts of the switching device, for example to move them directly, or be coupled to a switching mechanism associated with the switching device configured to move the contacts when it is triggered by the actuator.
  • the movable part 8 is coupled to an actuation lever of the switching mechanism.
  • electrical devices of a different nature can incorporate such an actuator 2.
  • a diagnostic method, and/or a method for estimating the state of wear or the operating state of the actuator is implemented by a diagnostic device associated with such an electrical device or actuator 2.
  • Other diagnostic and/or monitoring methods can be used as a variant.
  • the actuator 2 further comprises an auxiliary magnetic circuit 20 made of electrically conductive material.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit 20 is configured to allow the circulation of induced currents within it when a magnetic field is created by the coil 6.
  • the induced currents are for example eddy currents.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 has the shape of a ring, or more generally a shape of closed contour, which surrounds at least part of the magnetic flux generated by the coil or coils 6 and circulating in the magnetic circuit formed by the association of the mobile part 8 and the cylinder head 10.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 is therefore arranged so as to surround at least a part of the magnetic circuit formed by the association of the movable part 8 and the yoke 10.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 surrounds a cross section of at least a part of said magnetic circuit.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 directly surrounds the central part 12 of the movable part 8, or surrounds the central orifice 16 of the armature 4 (and in fact surrounds the central part 12, at least partially).
  • ring-shaped here denotes a closed contour delimited by the auxiliary circuit 20 which may have a circular shape, or essentially circular, or elliptical, or square, or rectangular, or polygonal, or any shape suitable for the circulation and looping of an induced electric current loop when a magnetic field is generated by the coil or coils 6 when placed around the magnetic flux generated by the coil or coils 6.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 delimits a closed contour in a geometric plane perpendicular or essentially perpendicular to the axis X2, or more generally, in a geometric plane perpendicular or essentially perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux flowing in the magnetic circuit formed by the moving part 8 and by the cylinder head 10.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 comprises a metal part, such as a hollow metal plate, mounted on the armature 4, for example mounted on a front face 22 of the armature 4.
  • This hollow plate thus has the shape of a ring.
  • the metal part may be an electrical conductor folded back on itself, such as a wire or a metal strip folded back on itself or a short-circuited coil.
  • the metal part is separate from the magnetic circuit formed by the association of the moving part 8 and the yoke 10.
  • the metal part can be placed on a portion of the frame 4 separating two coils 6, or inside the frame 4 under one of the coils 6, an electrically insulating element can then be inserted between the coil 6 and said metal part.
  • the metal plate forming the auxiliary circuit 20 comprises a central orifice 24 intended to be aligned with the central orifice 16 of the armature 4.
  • Said metal part can be fixed to the frame 4 by means of dedicated fixing elements, or by gluing, or by welding, or by any suitable means.
  • openings 26 are made at several locations in the metal part. Each opening 26 is configured to cooperate with a corresponding fixing stud 28 formed on the armature.
  • the front face 22 of the armature 4 may include a recess, or groove, forming a housing to receive the metal part forming the auxiliary circuit 20, and in which the fixing studs 28 are provided.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit 20 allows the induced currents to flow in the actuator when a magnetic field is generated by the coil 6, whereas these induced currents cannot flow in other portions of the actuator, like the magnetic circuit, which are formed by assemblies of laminated ferromagnetic plates.
  • the induced currents generate a phase shift between the magnetic flux generated by the coil 6 and the electrical control current used to supply the coil 6, which generates a visible electromotive force on the voltage across the terminals of the coil 6.
  • This electromotive force can be used to implement methods for diagnosing and/or detecting the state of wear or the operating state of the actuator, for example those described by the patent application EP 2584575 B1 , or with other methods that can be used as an alternative.
  • the induced currents circulating in the auxiliary magnetic circuit 20 nevertheless remain low enough not to degrade the performance of the actuator 2, in particular not to generate excessive energy losses.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain an electromagnetic actuator that is robust and inexpensive to manufacture, and which is compatible with diagnostic and/or monitoring and/or state detection methods.
  • the material forming the auxiliary circuit 20 is a non-magnetic metallic material, such as copper, or aluminum, or any suitable material or alloy, preferably a metallic material having a low resistivity.
  • a metallic material will preferably be chosen for which the coefficient of thermal variation of the electrical resistivity is less than or equal to 0.005 K ⁇ 1 .
  • Such a diagnostic and/or monitoring and/or state detection method is therefore easier to implement and gives more reliable results than in the case where induced currents flow in a solid magnetic material.
  • the conductive material forming the auxiliary circuit 20 may be a magnetic metal, such as a ferromagnetic metal.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 can be placed elsewhere than on the armature 4, while nevertheless being placed so as to surround at least part of the magnetic flux generated by the coil 6.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit 20 can also be produced other than by means of an added magnetic part.
  • an electromagnetic actuator 2' comprises an auxiliary magnetic circuit 20' which comprises a layer of an electrically conductive material formed on the surface of the armature by a process for treating surface, such as electroless or electrochemical deposition of a metal such as nickel or tin.
  • this layer is here formed on face 22.
  • auxiliary circuit 20' has a closed contour shape surrounding the magnetic flux generated by coil 6.
  • the auxiliary circuit 20 comprises at least one metal part surrounding one of the end arms 14 of the movable part 8.
  • the metal part is for example as described previously with reference to the actuator 2.
  • the closed contour of the auxiliary circuit does not extend around the axis X2, since the arm 14 (and therefore the magnetic flux channeled by the magnetic circuit) is here perpendicular to the axis X2.
  • two such metal parts are used, each surrounding one of the two arms 14 of the mobile part 8, to form two auxiliary circuits.
  • the moving part 8 is made of solid magnetic material and the yoke 10 is entirely formed by assembling laminated metal plates.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit is then formed by the mobile part 8, in which the induced currents can circulate freely, since this mobile part 8 is then made of solid ferromagnetic material.
  • the yoke 10 is made of solid ferromagnetic material and the moving part 8 is entirely formed by assembling laminated metal plates.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit is then formed by the yoke 10, in which the induced currents can circulate freely, since it is then made of solid ferromagnetic material.
  • the spreaders 18 of the yoke 10 are made of solid magnetic material, the rest of the yoke 10 being formed by assembling laminated metal plates.
  • the auxiliary magnetic circuit is then formed by the spreaders 18, in which the induced currents can circulate freely, since the spreaders 18 are made of solid ferromagnetic material.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator (2; 2'), insbesondere für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät, dieser elektromagnetische Aktuator umfassend:
    - einen Anker (4), der mindestens eine Spule (6) trägt;
    - ein ferromagnetisches Joch (10), das konfiguriert ist, um einen von der Spule erzeugten magnetischen Fluss zu kanalisieren;
    - einen ferromagnetischen beweglichen Abschnitt (8), der mit dem Joch (10) zusammenwirkt, um einen Magnetkreis zu bilden, wobei der bewegliche Abschnitt (8) konfiguriert ist, um sich unter der Wirkung des von der Spule (6) erzeugten Magnetfelds in Bezug auf den Anker (4) zu bewegen;
    der Aktuator (2; 2') ferner umfassend einen Hilfsmagnetkreis (20; 20') aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material, um den Fluss von induzierten Strömen in dem Hilfsmagnetkreis (20; 20') zu ermöglichen, wenn ein Magnetfeld durch die Spule erzeugt wird;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetkreis zumindest teilweise durch eine Anordnung von laminierten Metallplatten gebildet ist.
  2. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1, wobei der magnetische Hilfskreis aus einem metallischen Material besteht und in einer geometrischen Ebene senkrecht zu einer Zirkulationsrichtung des von der Spule erzeugten magnetischen Flusses in dem Magnetkreis eine geschlossene Konturform aufweist.
  3. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Hilfskreis (20) ein Metallteil umfasst, das auf den Anker (4) des Aktuators (2) aufgesetzt ist und die Zirkulationsrichtung des von der Spule erzeugten magnetischen Flusses in dem Magnetkreis umgibt.
  4. Aktuator nach dem vorherigen Anspruch, wobei das Metallteil aus einem nichtmagnetischen Material besteht.
  5. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Hilfskreis (20') eine Schicht aus elektrisch leitendem Material umfasst, die auf der Oberfläche des Ankers (4) des Aktuators (2') durch ein Oberflächenbehandlungsverfahren gebildet wird, wobei der Hilfskreis (20') die Form einer geschlossenen Kontur aufweist, die zumindest einen Abschnitt des Magnetkreises umgibt.
  6. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Joch (10) Aufweitungen (18) aufweist, die aus massivem magnetischem Material hergestellt sind, wobei der magnetische Hilfskreis durch die Aufweitungen gebildet ist.
  7. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der bewegliche Abschnitt (8) aus massivem ferromagnetischem Material besteht und das Joch (10) vollständig durch Zusammenfügen von gewalzten Metallblechen gebildet ist, wobei der magnetische Hilfskreis durch den beweglichen Abschnitt gebildet ist.
  8. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Hilfskreis mindestens ein Metallstück umfasst, das einen Arm (14) umgibt, der an einem Ende des beweglichen Abschnitts (8) gebildet ist.
  9. Aktuator nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Hilfskreis ein Metallstück umfasst, das jeden der Endarme (14) des beweglichen Abschnitts (8) umgibt.
  10. Elektrisches Schaltgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen elektromagnetischen Aktuator (20; 20') gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche umfasst.
EP21152887.2A 2020-01-24 2021-01-22 Elektromagnetisches stellglied und elektrisches schaltgerät, das ein solches elektromagnetisches stellglied umfasst Active EP3855470B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2000703A FR3106694B1 (fr) 2020-01-24 2020-01-24 Actionneur électromagnétique, appareil de commutation électrique comprenant un tel actionneur électromagnétique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3855470A1 EP3855470A1 (de) 2021-07-28
EP3855470B1 true EP3855470B1 (de) 2023-03-15

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EP21152887.2A Active EP3855470B1 (de) 2020-01-24 2021-01-22 Elektromagnetisches stellglied und elektrisches schaltgerät, das ein solches elektromagnetisches stellglied umfasst

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11631563B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3855470B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2021118183A (de)
CN (1) CN113178301A (de)
FR (1) FR3106694B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3492228B2 (ja) * 1999-02-09 2004-02-03 株式会社テクノ高槻 鉄心および該鉄心を用いる電磁駆動機構
KR200451951Y1 (ko) * 2008-12-31 2011-01-25 엘에스산전 주식회사 적층 코어를 사용한 모노스테이블 영구자석형 액추에이터
JP4947107B2 (ja) * 2009-08-20 2012-06-06 富士電機機器制御株式会社 電磁接触器
FR2981787B1 (fr) 2011-10-21 2014-08-01 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede de diagnostic d'un etat de fonctionnement d'un contacteur et contacteur pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procede
KR101410780B1 (ko) * 2013-03-14 2014-06-23 엘에스산전 주식회사 전력회로 개폐기용 트립 액추에이터
DE102013007989A1 (de) * 2013-04-30 2014-10-30 Euchner Gmbh + Co. Kg Hubmagnet, insbesondere Zuhaltemagnet eines Sicherheitsschalters, und Sicherheitsschalter mit einem solchen Hubmagnet
JP6300157B2 (ja) * 2013-08-02 2018-03-28 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電磁継電器
JP6235374B2 (ja) * 2014-02-27 2017-11-22 株式会社東芝 開閉器の操作機構
DE102014208014B4 (de) * 2014-04-29 2020-03-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrischer Schalter mit elektromagnetischem Aktuator
JP6558571B2 (ja) * 2015-07-01 2019-08-14 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 電磁継電器
CN111902902B (zh) * 2018-03-23 2023-05-16 松下知识产权经营株式会社 电磁继电器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113178301A (zh) 2021-07-27
EP3855470A1 (de) 2021-07-28
US20210233730A1 (en) 2021-07-29
FR3106694B1 (fr) 2022-02-18
US11631563B2 (en) 2023-04-18
FR3106694A1 (fr) 2021-07-30
JP2021118183A (ja) 2021-08-10

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