EP2795651A1 - Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine

Info

Publication number
EP2795651A1
EP2795651A1 EP12816771.5A EP12816771A EP2795651A1 EP 2795651 A1 EP2795651 A1 EP 2795651A1 EP 12816771 A EP12816771 A EP 12816771A EP 2795651 A1 EP2795651 A1 EP 2795651A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
movable contact
contact
coil
movable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12816771.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2795651B1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane PLAIDEAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Original Assignee
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS filed Critical Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
Publication of EP2795651A1 publication Critical patent/EP2795651A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2795651B1 publication Critical patent/EP2795651B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0803—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for initiating engine start or stop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0844—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop with means for restarting the engine directly after an engine stop request, e.g. caused by change of driver mind
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • Electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising at least two movable contacts.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of starters for a motor vehicle engine.
  • a starter generally comprises an electric motor associated with drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the drive means are most often adapted to be coupled to the movable members of the internal combustion engine during a start-up phase of the latter and to be uncoupled from the internal combustion engine when the latter is running.
  • the starter comprises an electromagnetic switch adapted to, firstly, control the power supply of the electric motor and, secondly, to control the coupling and uncoupling of the drive means from the combustion engine.
  • the drive means comprise a launcher which is rotatable on itself and is movable in axial translation between a rest position and a driving position of the internal combustion engine. The launcher is then moved between its rest and driving positions by a lever operated by the electromagnetic switch.
  • the invention relates more particularly to such an electromagnetic switch, also called contactor, for a motor vehicle starter.
  • an electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising:
  • a first moving contact which is situated between the first and second terminals and which is movable between a rest position and a feed position
  • a plunger core, of a first coil intended to actuate a system for operating a starter launcher, controlling the displacement of the first movable contact
  • a second movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the second terminal and which is movable, between a disconnected position and a connected position, by a core of a second coil and a spring.
  • the switch is capable of being placed, according to the supply of the coils, in three operating states, namely:
  • the first movable contact is in an engagement position between the supply position and the rest position and is in electrical contact with the first electrical terminal
  • the second movable contact is in the rest position and in electrical and mechanical contact with the first movable contact
  • the second terminal is electrically isolated from the moving contacts and from the first terminal
  • the first movable contact is in the supply position and is in electrical contact with the second terminal via the second movable contact and is in electrical contact with the first terminal
  • the second movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second terminal.
  • the starter Given the three distinct states that the starter is likely to know, it is possible to control the power supply of the motor by placing the switch in its power state after placing it in its commitment state.
  • the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the movable contact in the disconnected position.
  • the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the movable contact in the connected position.
  • the first contact exerts a force on the second moving contact passes from the disconnected position to the connected position when the first contact passes from the engagement position to the supply position.
  • the second movable contact is in the disconnected position when the second coil is energized, and is in the connected position when the second coil is deactivated and in that the second movable contact is held in position. position connected by a spring.
  • the electromagnetic switch comprises
  • a third movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the first terminal and which is moved between a disconnected position and a shunt position by a core of a third coil and a spring, and limitation electrically mounted between the first terminal and the third movable contact,
  • the third movable contact is electrically isolated from the other two movable contacts
  • the first movable contact in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact, and in that the third movable contact is in the mechanically isolated disconnected position of the third terminal and is electrically connected to the first terminal through the limiting resistor,
  • the first movable contact is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact
  • the third movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the first terminal shunting the resistor
  • switch is capable of transitioning to an intermediate state in which:
  • the first movable contact is in the engagement position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second and third movable contacts
  • the third movable contact is in the disconnected position and is in electrical contact with the first terminal via the limiting resistor
  • the second movable contact is in the connected position and is electrically connected to the second terminal.
  • the four separate states of the switch allow fine control of the starter incorporating the switch according to the invention.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to use a resistor in series with the electric motor for a short time when powering the electric motor.
  • the third movable contact is in the disconnected position when the third coil is activated.
  • the first movable contact exerts a mechanical force on the third movable contact to move it towards the shunt position when the third coil is not energized and in that that a return spring applies a force on the third movable contact towards the disconnected position, and is held in the disconnected position by a spring.
  • the third movable contact is permanently electrically connected via a limiting resistor to the second terminal, so that in the intermediate state the limiting resistor is energized and in the state of power supply resistance is short-circuited.
  • This characteristic allows controlling in the intermediate state a rotation of the electric motor with a lower power than that available in the power state.
  • the second and / or third coil is a micro-solenoid.
  • the second and / or third movable contact is formed by a contact stirrup comprising two jaws which hold between them the core of the micro solenoid which is also located between the two jaws.
  • the stirrup-contact is then preferably adapted to support the passage of a power current.
  • the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
  • the tank is then preferably integral with a wall of the switch.
  • the stirrup-contact is adapted to support the passage of a power current.
  • the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
  • the tank is integral with the body of the switch.
  • the invention also relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine comprising:
  • the invention also relates to a starter system comprising a starter described above, wherein the first coil comprises
  • a call winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor
  • a holding winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the negative terminal of the motor and an input terminal connected to an input terminal of the call coil
  • system further comprises:
  • an electric battery comprising a positive terminal connected to the second terminal of the switch and a negative terminal connected to a terminal of the electric motor;
  • a first switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and from a second terminal to the holding and calling coils;
  • a second switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery, and from a second terminal to the input terminal of the second coil, and
  • the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the winding of the first coil.
  • the third coil is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil.
  • the various variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway view of a starter for a heat engine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 incorporating the switch represented in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the switch illustrated in FIG. 2 in a state of rest.
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a micro-solenoid constituting a coil of a switch according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the micro-solenoid shown in FIG.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, showing a state of engagement of the switch illustrated in FIG.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, showing a power state of the switch illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section of another embodiment of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 incorporating the switch represented in FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the switch illustrated in FIG. 11 in a state of rest.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing a state of engagement of the switch illustrated in FIG.
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing an intermediate state of the switch illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing a power state of the switch illustrated in FIG. 11.
  • Figures 20 and 21 are similar diagrams, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing another embodiment of a switch according to the invention in a state of rest.
  • a starter D according to the invention for a heat engine comprises a front part A comprising a gearbox R on which is fixed an electric motor M controlled by an electromagnetic switch C which also controls a launcher L integrated in the front part A.
  • the launcher L and the gearbox R together form drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the embodiment of such a starter D and its constituent elements are well known to those skilled in the art so that only the characteristics necessary for understanding the invention will be described. For more information on the details of realization of a starter which would not be described later, it is possible to refer to the documents FR 2 934 933 and 1933, FR 2 843 427, WO 2005/054664.
  • the electromagnetic switch C comprises, like that of the spring of FIG. 2, a first terminal B1 and a second terminal B2 which extend outside the body 1 of the switch C.
  • the first terminal B1 is, according to FIG. example shown in Figure 3, intended to be connected to a pole of a battery 2, while the second terminal B2 is intended to be connected to the electric motor M.
  • the terminals Bl and B2 belong to a multi-contact assembly MC constitutive of the switch C and shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the multi-contact assembly MC comprises a first movable contact C1 which is located between the first and second terminals B1 and B2.
  • the first movable contact C1 is actuated by a plunger P1 of a first coil L1.
  • the plunger PI is also adapted to move the launcher L between these rest and engagement positions.
  • the first coil L1 comprises two windings Em and Ea which have a common end connected to a control unit U. A first winding, said maintains, Em is, moreover, connected directly to the vehicle while the other winding , called call, Ea is, moreover, connected to the second terminal B2.
  • the multi-contact assembly MC also comprises a second movable contact C2 which is located between the first movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2.
  • the second moving contact C2 is displaced by the core P2 of a second coil L2 which is connected, on the one hand, to the control unit U and, on the other hand, to the second terminal B2.
  • the second movable contact C2 has the shape of a U-shaped stirrup comprising two parallel branches 10 and 11 connected by a core 12 substantially parallel to the second coil L2.
  • the second movable contact C2 is preferably made of a material having very good characteristics of electrical conductivity, such as copper so as to withstand without heating the passage of a high intensity current.
  • the second coil L2 is then made in the form of a micro-solenoid 9 comprising the movable core P2 which is gripped by the two branches 10 and 11 of the second movable contact C2 being substantially parallel to its core 12.
  • the Mobile core P2 is, for example, made of soft iron so that it can be magnetized and have good electrical conductivity characteristics.
  • the mobile core P2 is surrounded by the second coil L2 which is disposed inside a tank 14. Furthermore, this tank 14 is connected to the body 2 so as to be immobilized in translation parallel to the axis ⁇ of the coil and translation of the core P2.
  • the micro-solenoid 9 finally comprises a spring 15 interposed between the tank 14 and the lower branch 11 of the movable contact C2.
  • the control unit U comprises a first switch II dedicated to the supply of the first coil L1 and a second switch 12 dedicated to the supply of the second coil L2. [35] The output terminals of the second and the first coils are electrically connected together.
  • Switch C as so constituted operates in the following manner.
  • the first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1.
  • the plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical contact. and electrical with the first terminal Bl as well as with the second movable contact C2.
  • the supply of the second coil L2 holds the second movable contact C2 in the disconnected position D to prevent the moving contact C1 from moving the movable contact C2 to the connected position.
  • the switch C can be placed in a power state, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the second switch 12 is open so that the second coil L2 is no longer powered which causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F3, its core P2 thus placing the second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
  • the switch further comprises a holding spring W illustrated in FIG. 1 which applies a force on the mobile contact C1 towards the powered position and which also applies a force on the movable contact C2 via the moving contact C1 towards the connected position.
  • first C1 and second C2 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the motor Electric motor starter M is powered and can provide the drive of the internal combustion engine.
  • the return spring 15 exerts a force bringing the moving contact back into the disconnected position when the contact pad moves to the home position.
  • the first contact Cl is perfectly placed in its engagement position when the launcher L properly meshes the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the electric motor M is powered only if, on the one hand, the second switch 12 is closed and, on the other hand, the launcher L is properly engaged.
  • the movable contact is arranged between the movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2. The operation remains identical to the mode described above.
  • the switch C comprises, as shown in Figures 11 to 13, a third movable contact C3 which is located between the first terminal Bl and the first movable contact C1.
  • This third contact mobile C3 is actuated by the core P3 of a third coil B3 made as the second coil B2 in the form of a micro solenoid as shown in Figures 5 and 6 so that it is not necessary to describe further the constitution.
  • the second movable contact C2 is further permanently granted to the second terminal B2 by a flexible braid T incorporating a current limiting resistor R.
  • the third coil L3 is connected, on the one hand, to the second coil L2 and, on the other hand, to the first switch II of the control unit U while the second coil L2 is connected to the second terminal B2 via the limiting resistor R.
  • the second switch 12 of the control unit U is further connected to the line connecting the second coil L2 to the third coil L3.
  • the second moving contact moves from one position disconnected at a shunt position, also called short-circuit, corresponding to the embodiment previously described by the connected position. In the shunt position the resistor R is short-circuited.
  • the switch as so constituted operates in the following manner.
  • the switch C When starting the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to this variant is desired, the switch C is placed in an engagement state more particularly illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. For this purpose, the first switch II is closed , the second switch 12 remaining open.
  • the first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1.
  • the plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical contact. and electrical with the second movable contact C2 and third movable contact C3.
  • the second coil L2 and the third coil L2 are also energized which holds the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3 in the disconnected position by means of a magnetic force represented by the arrows F2.
  • the movement of the plunger PI has also placed the launcher L in a position of engagement with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the switch C can be placed in an intermediate state, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17.
  • the second switch 12 is closed so that the third coil L3 is short-circuited and is no longer powered.
  • the lack of supply of the third coil L3 causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F4, of its core P3 thus placing the third movable contact C3 in the connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal Bl.
  • the second coil L2 is in parallel with the winding Ea call is still remains in order to maintain the second movable contact in the disconnected position.
  • the switch C can be placed in a power state as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
  • the second switch 12 is open and is open so that the power supply of the call winding Ea at least of the first coil L1 is cut off as well as the supply of the second and third coils B2 and B3 so as not to retain the moving contact C2 and that it moves under the effect the holding spring W which applies a force F5 towards the connected position Cx through the moving contact C1.
  • the second movable contact C2 in the connected position Cx is therefore in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
  • the first C1, second C2 and third C3 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the electric motor M of the starter is powered at full power and can drive the internal combustion engine.
  • the second movable contact C2 is permanently connected to the second terminal by a braid T comprising the resistor R.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic switch for the starter of a heat engine, including a first terminal (B1), a second terminal (B2), a first mobile contact (C1) which is movable between an inactive position and a power supply position, and at least one second mobile contact (C2), which is placed between the first mobile contact (C1) and the second terminal (B2) and which is movable between a disconnected position and a connected position. The switch is capable of being placed in three operating states: an inactive state, in which the first mobile contact (C1) is electrically insulated from the two terminals (B1, B2) and in which the two terminals are insulated from one another; an engagement state in which the first mobile contact (C1) is in an engagement position between the power supply position and the inactive position and is in electric contact with the first electric terminal (B1), and the second mobile contact (C2) is in inactive position and in electric and mechanical contact with the first mobile contact (C1); and a power supply state in which the first mobile contact (C1) is in the power supply position and in electric contact with the second terminal via the second mobile contact (C2) in the connected position and is in electric contact with the first terminal.

Description

Commutateur électromagnétique pour démarreur de moteur thermique comprenant au moins deux contacts mobile.  Electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising at least two movable contacts.
[01] L'invention concerne le domaine technique des démarreurs pour moteur thermique de véhicule automobile. [01] The invention relates to the technical field of starters for a motor vehicle engine.
[02] Un démarreur comprend généralement un moteur électrique associé à des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Les moyens d'entraînement sont le plus souvent adaptés pour être accouplés aux organes mobiles du moteur à combustion interne pendant une phase de démarrage de ce dernier et pour être désaccouplés du moteur à combustion interne lorsque que ce dernier fonctionne. À cet effet le démarreur comprend un commutateur électromagnétique adapté pour, d'une part, piloter l'alimentation du moteur électrique et, d'autre part, contrôler l'accouplement et le désaccouplement des moyens d'entraînement d'avec le moteur à combustion interne. Les moyens d'entraînement comprennent un lanceur qui est mobile en rotation sur lui-même et qui est mobile en translation axiale entre une position de repos et une position d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Le lanceur est alors déplacé entre ses positions de repos et d'entraînement par un levier manœuvré par le commutateur électromagnétique.  [02] A starter generally comprises an electric motor associated with drive means of the internal combustion engine. The drive means are most often adapted to be coupled to the movable members of the internal combustion engine during a start-up phase of the latter and to be uncoupled from the internal combustion engine when the latter is running. For this purpose the starter comprises an electromagnetic switch adapted to, firstly, control the power supply of the electric motor and, secondly, to control the coupling and uncoupling of the drive means from the combustion engine. internal. The drive means comprise a launcher which is rotatable on itself and is movable in axial translation between a rest position and a driving position of the internal combustion engine. The launcher is then moved between its rest and driving positions by a lever operated by the electromagnetic switch.
[03] L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à un tel commutateur électromagnétique, appelé aussi contacteur, pour démarreur de véhicule automobile.  [03] The invention relates more particularly to such an electromagnetic switch, also called contactor, for a motor vehicle starter.
[04] Lors de la mise en œuvre du démarreur, il convient de s'assurer que le pignon du lanceur est bien engagé en position d'entraînement avant la mise en marche du moteur électrique. En effet, en cas de mauvais engagement du lanceur lors de mise en marche du moteur électrique, il existe un risque important de détérioration du lanceur et/ou d'une couronne de démarrage solidaire du moteur à combustion interne. [04] When using the starter, make sure that the starter gear is engaged in the drive position before starting the electric motor. Indeed, in case of poor engagement of the launcher when starting the electric motor, there is a significant risk of damage to the launcher and / or a fixed starter ring of the internal combustion engine.
[05] Il est donc apparu le besoin d'un commutateur électromécanique qui permette de garantir que le lanceur est engagé en position d'entraînement avant toute mise en marche du moteur électrique du démarreur.  [05] It has therefore appeared the need for an electromechanical switch which makes it possible to guarantee that the launcher is engaged in the driving position before starting the electric motor of the starter.
[06] Afin d'atteindre cet objectif l'invention concerne un commutateur électromagnétique pour un démarreur de moteur thermique comprenant :  [06] In order to achieve this object the invention relates to an electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising:
- une première borne, - une deuxième borne, a first terminal, a second terminal,
- un premier contact mobile qui est situé entre les première et deuxième bornes, et qui est mobile entre une position de repos et une position d'alimentation,  a first moving contact which is situated between the first and second terminals and which is movable between a rest position and a feed position,
- un noyau plongeur, d'une première bobine, destiné à actionner un système de manœuvre d'un lanceur du démarreur, commandant le déplacement du premier contact mobile,  a plunger core, of a first coil, intended to actuate a system for operating a starter launcher, controlling the displacement of the first movable contact,
- un deuxième contact mobile qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile et la deuxième borne et qui est mobile, entre une position déconnectée et une position connectée, par un noyau d'une deuxième bobine et un ressort.  - A second movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the second terminal and which is movable, between a disconnected position and a connected position, by a core of a second coil and a spring.
Selon l'invention, le commutateur est susceptible d'être placé, selon l'alimentation des bobines, dans trois états de fonctionnement à savoir : According to the invention, the switch is capable of being placed, according to the supply of the coils, in three operating states, namely:
- un état de repos dans lequel le premier contact mobile est isolé électriquement des deux bornes et en ce que les deux bornes sont isolées l'une de l'autre,  a state of rest in which the first movable contact is electrically isolated from the two terminals and in that the two terminals are isolated from each other,
- un état d'engagement dans lequel:  - a state of engagement in which:
- le premier contact mobile est dans une position d'engagement entre la position d'alimentation et la position repos et se trouve en contact électrique avec la première borne électrique,  the first movable contact is in an engagement position between the supply position and the rest position and is in electrical contact with the first electrical terminal,
- le deuxième contact mobile est en position de repos et en contact électrique et mécanique avec le premier contact mobile,  the second movable contact is in the rest position and in electrical and mechanical contact with the first movable contact,
- la deuxième borne est isolée électriquement des contacts mobiles et de la première borne,  the second terminal is electrically isolated from the moving contacts and from the first terminal,
- un état d'alimentation dans lequel :  a power state in which:
- le premier contact mobile est en position d'alimentation et se trouve en contact électrique avec la deuxième borne par le biais du deuxième contact mobile et est en contact électrique avec la première borne, et  the first movable contact is in the supply position and is in electrical contact with the second terminal via the second movable contact and is in electrical contact with the first terminal, and
- le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée et se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec la deuxième borne.  the second movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second terminal.
[07] Compte tenu des trois états distincts que le démarreur est susceptible de connaître, il est possible de commander l'alimentation du moteur en plaçant le commutateur dans son état d'alimentation après l'avoir placé dans son état d'engagement. [08] Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est alimentée et en position déconnectée lorsque la bobine est désactivée, un ressort rappelant le contact mobile en position déconnectée. [07] Given the three distinct states that the starter is likely to know, it is possible to control the power supply of the motor by placing the switch in its power state after placing it in its commitment state. [08] According to a feature of the invention, the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the movable contact in the disconnected position.
[09] Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est alimentée et en position déconnectée lorsque la bobine est désactivée, un ressort rappelant le contact mobile en position connectée. [10] Selon une variante de cette caractéristique, le premier contact exerce une force sur le deuxième contact mobile passe de la position déconnectée à la position connectée lorsque le premier contact passe de la position engagement à la position d'alimentation. [09] According to a feature of the invention, the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the movable contact in the connected position. According to a variant of this characteristic, the first contact exerts a force on the second moving contact passes from the disconnected position to the connected position when the first contact passes from the engagement position to the supply position.
[11] Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le deuxième contact mobile est en position déconnectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est alimentée, et se trouve en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est désactivée et en ce que le deuxième contact mobile est maintenu en position connecté par un ressort.  [11] According to another characteristic of the invention, the second movable contact is in the disconnected position when the second coil is energized, and is in the connected position when the second coil is deactivated and in that the second movable contact is held in position. position connected by a spring.
[12] Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le commutateur électromagnétique comprend According to one embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic switch comprises
1. un troisième contact mobile qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile et la première borne et qui est déplacé, entre une position déconnectée et une position shuntage, par un noyau d'une troisième bobine et un ressort, et 1. une résistance de limitation montée électriquement entre la première borne et le troisième contact mobile, A third movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the first terminal and which is moved between a disconnected position and a shunt position by a core of a third coil and a spring, and limitation electrically mounted between the first terminal and the third movable contact,
dans lequel : in which :
1. à l'état de repos, le troisième contact mobile est isolé électriquement des deux autres contacts mobiles,  1. in the idle state, the third movable contact is electrically isolated from the other two movable contacts,
1. à l'état d'engagement, le premier contact mobile se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec le troisième contact mobile, et en ce que le troisième contact mobile est en position déconnectée isolé mécaniquement de la troisième borne et est relié électriquement à la première borne par le biais de la résistance de limitation, 1. in the state of engagement, the first movable contact is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact, and in that the third movable contact is in the mechanically isolated disconnected position of the third terminal and is electrically connected to the first terminal through the limiting resistor,
1. à l'état d'alimentation, le premier contact mobile se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec le troisième contact mobile, le troisième contact mobile est en position connectée et se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec la première borne shuntant la résistance,  1. in the power state, the first movable contact is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact, the third movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the first terminal shunting the resistor ,
et dans lequel, le commutateur est susceptible de passer dans un état intermédiaire dans lequel: and wherein the switch is capable of transitioning to an intermediate state in which:
1. le premier contact mobile est en position d'engagement et est en contact électrique et mécanique avec les deuxième et troisième contacts mobiles, The first movable contact is in the engagement position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second and third movable contacts,
1. le troisième contact mobile est en position déconnectée et est en contact électrique avec la première borne par le biais de la résistance de limitation, etThe third movable contact is in the disconnected position and is in electrical contact with the first terminal via the limiting resistor, and
1. le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée et est relié électriquement à la deuxième borne. The second movable contact is in the connected position and is electrically connected to the second terminal.
[13] Les quatre états distincts du commutateur permettent une commande fine de du démarreur intégrant le commutateur selon l'invention. Notamment, ce mode de réalisation permet d'utiliser une résistance en série avec le moteur électrique pendant une courte durée lors de l'alimentation du moteur électrique. [13] The four separate states of the switch allow fine control of the starter incorporating the switch according to the invention. In particular, this embodiment makes it possible to use a resistor in series with the electric motor for a short time when powering the electric motor.
[14] Selon une autre caractéristique de cette forme de réalisation, le troisième contact mobile est en position déconnectée lorsque la troisième bobine est activée.  [14] According to another feature of this embodiment, the third movable contact is in the disconnected position when the third coil is activated.
[15] Selon une autre caractéristique de cette forme de réalisation, le premier contact mobile exerce une force mécanique sur le troisième contact mobile pour le déplacer en direction de la position shuntage lorsque la troisième bobine n'est pas alimenté et en ce que en ce que un ressort de rappel applique une force sur le troisième contact mobile en direction de la position déconnectée, et se trouve maintenu en position déconnectée par un ressort.  [15] According to another feature of this embodiment, the first movable contact exerts a mechanical force on the third movable contact to move it towards the shunt position when the third coil is not energized and in that that a return spring applies a force on the third movable contact towards the disconnected position, and is held in the disconnected position by a spring.
[16] Dans cette forme de réalisation, le troisième contact mobile est raccordé électriquement en permanence, via une résistance de limitation à la deuxième borne, de sorte que dans l'état intermédiaire la résistance de limitation est alimentée et dans l'état d'alimentation la résistance est court-circuitée. Cette caractéristique permet de commander dans l'état intermédiaire une rotation du moteur électrique avec une puissance plus faible que celle disponible dans l'état d'alimentation. [16] In this embodiment, the third movable contact is permanently electrically connected via a limiting resistor to the second terminal, so that in the intermediate state the limiting resistor is energized and in the state of power supply resistance is short-circuited. This characteristic allows controlling in the intermediate state a rotation of the electric motor with a lower power than that available in the power state.
[17] Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la deuxième et/ou la troisième bobine est un micro-solénoïde. [17] According to a feature of the invention, the second and / or third coil is a micro-solenoid.
Selon une variante de cette caractéristique, le deuxième et/ou le troisième contact mobile est formé par un étrier-contact comprenant deux mâchoires qui maintiennent entre elles le noyau du micro solénoïde qui est également situé entre les deux mâchoires. L' étrier-contact est alors de préférence adapté pour supporter le passage d'un courant de puissance.  According to a variant of this feature, the second and / or third movable contact is formed by a contact stirrup comprising two jaws which hold between them the core of the micro solenoid which is also located between the two jaws. The stirrup-contact is then preferably adapted to support the passage of a power current.
[18] Selon une autre variante de cette caractéristique, le micro-solénoïde comprend une cuve faisant partie du circuit magnétique du micro-solénoïde et formant un logement pour la bobine du micro-solénoïde. La cuve est alors de préférence solidaire d'une paroi du commutateur. [18] According to another variant of this feature, the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid. The tank is then preferably integral with a wall of the switch.
[19] Selon un mode de réalisation, l'étrier-contact est adapté pour supporter le passage d'un courant de puissance. [20] Selon un mode de réalisation, le micro-solénoïde comprend une cuve faisant partie du circuit magnétique du micro-solénoïde et formant logement pour la bobine du micro-solénoïde. [19] According to one embodiment, the stirrup-contact is adapted to support the passage of a power current. [20] According to one embodiment, the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
[21] Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve est solidaire du corps du commutateur. [22] L'invention à aussi trait à un démarreur électrique pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant :  [21] According to one embodiment, the tank is integral with the body of the switch. [22] The invention also relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine comprising:
- un lanceur qui est entraîné en rotation par un moteur électrique et qui est mobile en translation axiale entre une position de repos et une position d'engagement avec des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne, - un commutateur électromagnétique décrit précédemment adapté pour, d'une part, piloter l'alimentation du moteur électrique et, d'autre part, contrôler le déplacement du lanceur entre ses positions de repos et d'engagement. [23] L'invention à aussi trait à un système de démarreur comprenant un démarreur décrit précédemment, dans lequel la première bobine comprend a launcher which is rotated by an electric motor and which is movable in axial translation between a rest position and an engagement position with drive means of the internal combustion engine, - An electromagnetic switch described above adapted to, firstly, control the power of the electric motor and, secondly, control the movement of the launcher between its rest and engagement positions. [23] The invention also relates to a starter system comprising a starter described above, wherein the first coil comprises
- un enroulement d'appel ayant une borne de sortie reliée électriquement à la borne positive du moteur, et  a call winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor, and
- un enroulement de maintien ayant une borne de sortie reliée électriquement avec la borne négative du moteur et une borne d'entrée reliée à une borne d'entrée de la bobine d'appel,  a holding winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the negative terminal of the motor and an input terminal connected to an input terminal of the call coil,
dans lequel le système comprend en outre : wherein the system further comprises:
- une batterie électrique comprenant une borne positive reliée à la seconde borne du commutateur et une borne négative reliée à une borne du moteur électrique;  an electric battery comprising a positive terminal connected to the second terminal of the switch and a negative terminal connected to a terminal of the electric motor;
- un premier interrupteur relié électriquement d'une première borne à la borne positive de la batterie et d'une deuxième borne aux enroulements de maintien et d'appel ;  a first switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and from a second terminal to the holding and calling coils;
- un second interrupteur relié électriquement d'une première borne à la borne positive de la batterie, et d'une deuxième borne à la borne d'entrée de la seconde bobine, et  a second switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery, and from a second terminal to the input terminal of the second coil, and
dans lequel la borne de sortie de la seconde bobine est reliée électriquement à la borne positive du moteur. wherein the output terminal of the second coil is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor.
[24] Selon une caractéristique le système décrit précédemment, la borne de sortie de la seconde bobine est raccordée à la borne de sortie de l'enroulement d'appel de la première bobine. [24] According to a feature of the system described above, the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the winding of the first coil.
[25] Selon une caractéristique le système décrit précédemment, la troisième bobine est raccordée entre le troisième contact et la borne de sortie de la première bobine. [26] Bien entendu les différentes variantes et formes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent être associées les unes avec les autres selon diverses combinaisons dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas incompatibles ou exclusives les unes des autres. [25] According to a feature of the system described above, the third coil is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil. [26] Of course, the various variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.
[27] Par ailleurs, diverses autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent de la description annexée effectuée en référence aux dessins conforme à l'invention. [27] Furthermore, various other features of the invention appear from the attached description made with reference to the drawings according to the invention.
- La figure 1 est une vue partiellement arrachée d'un démarreur pour moteur thermique selon l'invention.  - Figure 1 is a partially cutaway view of a starter for a heat engine according to the invention.
- La figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale schématique du commutateur électromagnétique du démarreur illustré figure 1.  FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated in FIG.
- La figure 3 est un schéma électrique d'un circuit d'alimentation du moteur électrique du démarreur illustré à la figure 1 incorporant le commutateur représenté à la figure 2. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 incorporating the switch represented in FIG. 2.
- La figure 4 est un schéma d'un ensemble multi-contacts constitutif du commutateur illustré figure 2 dans un état de repos.  FIG. 4 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the switch illustrated in FIG. 2 in a state of rest.
- La figure 5 est une vue de côté d'un micro-solénoïde constitutif d'une bobine d'un commutateur selon l'invention. - Figure 5 is a side view of a micro-solenoid constituting a coil of a switch according to the invention.
- La figure 6 est une perspective éclatée du micro-solénoïde représenté figure 5.  FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the micro-solenoid shown in FIG.
- Les figures 7 et 8 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 3 et 4 montrant un état d'engagement du commutateur illustré figure 2.  FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, showing a state of engagement of the switch illustrated in FIG.
- Les figures 9 et 10 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 3 et 4 montrant un état d'alimentation du commutateur illustré figure 2. FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, showing a power state of the switch illustrated in FIG.
- La figure 11 est une coupe longitudinale schématique d'une autre forme de réalisation du commutateur électromagnétique du démarreur illustré figure 1.  FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section of another embodiment of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated in FIG.
- La figure 12 est un schéma électrique d'un circuit d'alimentation du moteur électrique du démarreur illustré à la figure 1 incorporant le commutateur représenté à la figure 11.  FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 incorporating the switch represented in FIG. 11.
- La figure 13 est un schéma d'un ensemble multi-contacts constitutif du commutateur illustré figure 11 dans un état de repos.  FIG. 13 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the switch illustrated in FIG. 11 in a state of rest.
- Les figures 14 et 15 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant un état d'engagement du commutateur illustré figure 11. - Les figures 16 et 17 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant un état intermédiaire du commutateur illustré figure 11. FIGS. 14 and 15 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing a state of engagement of the switch illustrated in FIG. FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing an intermediate state of the switch illustrated in FIG. 11.
- Les figures 18 et 19 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant un état d'alimentation du commutateur illustré figure 11.  FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams similar to FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively, showing a power state of the switch illustrated in FIG. 11.
- Les figures 20 et 21 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant une autre forme de réalisation d'un commutateur selon l'invention dans un état de repos. - Figures 20 and 21 are similar diagrams, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing another embodiment of a switch according to the invention in a state of rest.
Il est à noter que sur ces figures les différents éléments structurels et/ou fonctionnels communs aux différentes variantes peuvent présenter les mêmes références alphanumériques.  It should be noted that in these figures the different structural and / or functional elements common to the different variants may have the same alphanumeric references.
[28] Comme cela ressort de la figure 1, un démarreur D, selon l'invention, pour moteur thermique comprend une partie avant A comprenant un réducteur R sur lequel est fixé un moteur électrique M piloté par un commutateur électromagnétique C qui commande également un lanceur L intégré dans la partie avant A. Le lanceur L et le réducteur R forment ensemble des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Le mode de réalisation, d'un tel démarreur D et de ses éléments constitutifs, sont bien connus de l'homme du métier de sorte que seuls les caractéristiques nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention seront décrites. Pour plus d'informations sur les détails de réalisation d'un démarreur qui ne seraient pas décrits par la suite, il est possible de se reporter aux documents FR 2 934 933 et 1933, FR 2 843 427, WO 2005/054664.  [28] As can be seen in FIG. 1, a starter D according to the invention for a heat engine comprises a front part A comprising a gearbox R on which is fixed an electric motor M controlled by an electromagnetic switch C which also controls a launcher L integrated in the front part A. The launcher L and the gearbox R together form drive means of the internal combustion engine. The embodiment of such a starter D and its constituent elements are well known to those skilled in the art so that only the characteristics necessary for understanding the invention will be described. For more information on the details of realization of a starter which would not be described later, it is possible to refer to the documents FR 2 934 933 and 1933, FR 2 843 427, WO 2005/054664.
[29] Le commutateur électromagnétique C comprend, comme ce la ressort de figure 2, une première borne Bl et une deuxième borne B2 qui s'étendent à l'extérieur du corps 1 du commutateur C. La première borne Bl est, selon l'exemple illustré à la figure 3, destinée à être raccordée à un pôle d'une batterie 2, tandis que la deuxième borne B2 est destinée à être raccordée au moteur électrique M. Les bornes Bl et B2 appartiennent à un ensemble multi-contacts MC constitutif du commutateur C et représenté de façon schématique à la figure 4.  [29] The electromagnetic switch C comprises, like that of the spring of FIG. 2, a first terminal B1 and a second terminal B2 which extend outside the body 1 of the switch C. The first terminal B1 is, according to FIG. example shown in Figure 3, intended to be connected to a pole of a battery 2, while the second terminal B2 is intended to be connected to the electric motor M. The terminals Bl and B2 belong to a multi-contact assembly MC constitutive of the switch C and shown schematically in FIG. 4.
[30] Outre les bornes Bl et B2, l'ensemble multi-contact MC comprend un premier contact mobile Cl qui est situé entre les première et deuxième bornes Bl et B2. Le premier contact mobile Cl est actionné par un plongeur PI d'une première bobine Ll. Le plongeur PI est également adapté pour déplacer le lanceur L entre ces positions de repos et d'engagement. La première bobine Ll comprend deux enroulements Em et Ea qui possèdent une extrémité commune raccordée à une unité de commande U. Un premier enroulement, dit de maintient, Em est, par ailleurs, raccordé directement à la masse du véhicule tandis que l'autre enroulement, dit d'appel, Ea est, par ailleurs, raccordé à la deuxième borne B2. [30] In addition to the terminals B1 and B2, the multi-contact assembly MC comprises a first movable contact C1 which is located between the first and second terminals B1 and B2. The first movable contact C1 is actuated by a plunger P1 of a first coil L1. The plunger PI is also adapted to move the launcher L between these rest and engagement positions. The first coil L1 comprises two windings Em and Ea which have a common end connected to a control unit U. A first winding, said maintains, Em is, moreover, connected directly to the vehicle while the other winding , called call, Ea is, moreover, connected to the second terminal B2.
[31] L'ensemble multi-contact MC comprend également un deuxième contact mobile C2 qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile Cl et la deuxième borne B2. Le deuxième contact mobile C2 est déplacé par le noyau P2 d'une deuxième bobine L2 qui est raccordée, d'une part, à l'unité de commande U et, d'autre part, à la deuxième borne B2.  [31] The multi-contact assembly MC also comprises a second movable contact C2 which is located between the first movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2. The second moving contact C2 is displaced by the core P2 of a second coil L2 which is connected, on the one hand, to the control unit U and, on the other hand, to the second terminal B2.
[32] Selon l'exemple illustré et comme le montre plus particulièrement les figures 5 et 6, le deuxième contact mobile C2 présente la forme d'un étrier en U comprenant deux branches parallèles 10 et 11 reliées par une âme 12 sensiblement parallèle à la deuxième bobine L2. Le deuxième contact mobile C2 est de préférence réalisé dans un matériau présentant de très bonnes caractéristiques de conductivité électrique, tel que du cuivre de manière à un supporter sans échauffement le passage d'un courant de forte intensité.  [32] According to the illustrated example and as shown more particularly in Figures 5 and 6, the second movable contact C2 has the shape of a U-shaped stirrup comprising two parallel branches 10 and 11 connected by a core 12 substantially parallel to the second coil L2. The second movable contact C2 is preferably made of a material having very good characteristics of electrical conductivity, such as copper so as to withstand without heating the passage of a high intensity current.
[33] La deuxième bobine L2 est alors réalisée sous la forme d'un micro-solénoïde 9 comprenant le noyau mobile P2 qui est enserré par les deux branches 10 et 11 du deuxième contact mobile C2 en étant sensiblement parallèle à son âme 12. Le noyau mobile P2 est, par exemple, réalisé en fer doux de manière à pouvoir être aimanté et à présenter de bonnes caractéristiques de conductivité électrique. Le noyau mobile P2 est entouré par la deuxième bobine L2 qui est disposée à l'intérieur d'une cuve 14. Par ailleurs, cette cuve 14 est liée au corps 2 de manière à être immobilisée en translation parallèlement à l'axe Δ de la bobine et de translation du noyau P2. Le micro-solénoïde 9 comprend enfin un ressort 15 interposé entre la cuve 14 et la branche inférieure 11 du contact mobile C2.  [33] The second coil L2 is then made in the form of a micro-solenoid 9 comprising the movable core P2 which is gripped by the two branches 10 and 11 of the second movable contact C2 being substantially parallel to its core 12. The Mobile core P2 is, for example, made of soft iron so that it can be magnetized and have good electrical conductivity characteristics. The mobile core P2 is surrounded by the second coil L2 which is disposed inside a tank 14. Furthermore, this tank 14 is connected to the body 2 so as to be immobilized in translation parallel to the axis Δ of the coil and translation of the core P2. The micro-solenoid 9 finally comprises a spring 15 interposed between the tank 14 and the lower branch 11 of the movable contact C2.
[34] L'unité de commande U comprend un premier interrupteur II dédié à l'alimentation de la première bobine Ll et un deuxième interrupteur 12 dédié à l'alimentation de la deuxième bobine L2. [35] Les bornes de sorties de la deuxième et la première bobines sont reliées électriquement ensemble. [34] The control unit U comprises a first switch II dedicated to the supply of the first coil L1 and a second switch 12 dedicated to the supply of the second coil L2. [35] The output terminals of the second and the first coils are electrically connected together.
[36] Le commutateur C tel qu'ainsi constitué fonctionne de la manière suivante.  [36] Switch C as so constituted operates in the following manner.
[37] Dans un état de repos, les deux interrupteurs II et 12 étant ouverts et aucun courant ne circulant dans les bobines Ll et L2, le premier contact mobile Cl est en position de repos R et le deuxième contact mobile C2 est en position déconnectée D comme cela est illustré à la figure 3. [37] In a state of rest, the two switches II and 12 being open and no current flowing in the coils L1 and L2, the first movable contact C1 is in the rest position R and the second movable contact C2 is in the disconnected position D as shown in Figure 3.
[38] Lorsqu'un démarrage du moteur du véhicule incorporant le démarreur selon l'invention est souhaité, le commutateur C est placé dans un état d'engagement plus particulièrement illustré aux figures 7 et 8. À cet effet, le premier interrupteur II et le deuxième interrupteur 12 sont fermés.  [38] When a starting of the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to the invention is desired, the switch C is placed in an engagement state more particularly illustrated in Figures 7 and 8. For this purpose, the first switch II and the second switch 12 are closed.
[39] La première bobine Ll est alors alimentée de sorte que son plongeur PI se déplace dans le sens de la flèche Fl. Le plongeur PI vient placer le premier contact mobile Cl en position d'engagement E dans laquelle il se trouve en contact mécanique et électrique avec la première borne Bl ainsi qu'avec le deuxième contact mobile C2. L'alimentation de la deuxième bobine L2 retient le deuxième contact mobile C2 dans la position déconnectée D pour empêcher que le contact mobile Cl déplace le contact mobile C2 vers la position connectée.  [39] The first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1. The plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical contact. and electrical with the first terminal Bl as well as with the second movable contact C2. The supply of the second coil L2 holds the second movable contact C2 in the disconnected position D to prevent the moving contact C1 from moving the movable contact C2 to the connected position.
[40] Le mouvement du plongeur PI a en outre déplacé le lanceur L dans une position d'engagement avec les moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne.  [40] The movement of the PI plunger further moved the launcher L into an engagement position with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
[41] À partir de l'état d'engagement, le commutateur C peut être placé dans un état d'alimentation, tel qu'illustré aux figures 9 et 10. À cet effet, le deuxième interrupteur 12 est ouvert de sorte que la deuxième bobine L2 n'est plus alimentée ce qui entraîne une translation, dans le sens de la flèche F3, de son noyau P2 plaçant ainsi le deuxième contact mobile C2 en position connectée Cx dans laquelle il est en contact mécanique et électrique avec la deuxième borne B2. Le commutateur comprend en outre un ressort de maintien W illustré sur la figure 1 qui applique une force sur le contact Cl mobile en direction de la position allimentée et qui applique aussi une force sur le contact mobile C2 par le biais du contact mobile Cl vers la position connectée.  [41] From the state of engagement, the switch C can be placed in a power state, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. For this purpose, the second switch 12 is open so that the second coil L2 is no longer powered which causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F3, its core P2 thus placing the second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2. The switch further comprises a holding spring W illustrated in FIG. 1 which applies a force on the mobile contact C1 towards the powered position and which also applies a force on the movable contact C2 via the moving contact C1 towards the connected position.
[42] Ainsi les premier Cl et deuxième C2 contacts mobiles assurent une continuité électrique entre les première et deuxième bornes Bl et B2 de sorte que le moteur électrique M du démarreur est alimenté et peut assurer l'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. [42] Thus the first C1 and second C2 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the motor Electric motor starter M is powered and can provide the drive of the internal combustion engine.
[43] Le ressort de rappel 15 exerce une force ramenant le contact mobile en position déconnectée lorsque la plaquette de contact se déplace vers la position de repos.  [43] The return spring 15 exerts a force bringing the moving contact back into the disconnected position when the contact pad moves to the home position.
[44] Il est à noter que le premier contact Cl ne se place parfaitement dans sa position d'engagement que lorsque que le lanceur L engrène convenablement les moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Ainsi, le moteur électrique M n'est alimenté que si, d'une part, le deuxième interrupteur 12 est fermé et, d'autre part, le lanceur L est convenablement engagé. [44] It should be noted that the first contact Cl is perfectly placed in its engagement position when the launcher L properly meshes the drive means of the internal combustion engine. Thus, the electric motor M is powered only if, on the one hand, the second switch 12 is closed and, on the other hand, the launcher L is properly engaged.
[45] Il doit en outre être remarqué que dans cet état d'alimentation l'enroulement d'appel Ea est court-circuité tandis que la deuxième bobine L2 n'est pas alimentée de sorte qu'un maximum de puissance électrique est disponible pour le moteur électrique M. [45] In addition, it should be noted that in this state of supply the call winding Ea is short-circuited while the second coil L2 is not energized so that a maximum of electric power is available for the electric motor M.
[46] Selon une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, le contact mobile est agencé entre le contact mobile Cl et la deuxième borne B2. Le fonctionnement reste identique au mode décrit précédemment.  [46] According to another variant embodiment not shown, the movable contact is arranged between the movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2. The operation remains identical to the mode described above.
[47] Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le commutateur C comprend, comme le montrent les figures 11 à 13, un troisième contact mobile C3 qui est situé entre la première borne Bl et le premier contact mobile Cl. Ce troisième contact mobile C3 est actionné par le noyau P3 d'une troisième bobine B3 réalisée comme la deuxième bobine B2 sous la forme d'un micro solénoïde tel qu'illustré aux figures 5 et 6 de sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire d'en décrire plus avant la constitution.  [47] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the switch C comprises, as shown in Figures 11 to 13, a third movable contact C3 which is located between the first terminal Bl and the first movable contact C1. This third contact mobile C3 is actuated by the core P3 of a third coil B3 made as the second coil B2 in the form of a micro solenoid as shown in Figures 5 and 6 so that it is not necessary to describe further the constitution.
[48] Selon une variante de réalisation, le deuxième contact mobile C2 est en outre accordé de manière permanente à la deuxième borne B2 par une tresse souple T incorporant une résistance de limitation de courant R. [48] According to an alternative embodiment, the second movable contact C2 is further permanently granted to the second terminal B2 by a flexible braid T incorporating a current limiting resistor R.
[49] Comme le montre la figure 12, La troisième bobine L3 est raccordée, d'une part, à la deuxième bobine L2 et, d'autre part, au premier interrupteur II de l'unité de commande U tandis que la deuxième bobine L2 est raccordée à la deuxième borne B2 via la résistance de limitation R. Le deuxième interrupteur 12 de l'unité de commande U est en outre raccordé à la ligne reliant la deuxième bobine L2 à la troisième bobine L3. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le deuxième contact mobile se déplace d'une position déconnectée à une position de shuntage, appelé aussi court-circuité, correspondant au mode de réalisation décrit précédemment par la position connectée. Dans la position de shuntage la résistance R est court-circuitée. [49] As shown in FIG. 12, the third coil L3 is connected, on the one hand, to the second coil L2 and, on the other hand, to the first switch II of the control unit U while the second coil L2 is connected to the second terminal B2 via the limiting resistor R. The second switch 12 of the control unit U is further connected to the line connecting the second coil L2 to the third coil L3. In this embodiment, the second moving contact moves from one position disconnected at a shunt position, also called short-circuit, corresponding to the embodiment previously described by the connected position. In the shunt position the resistor R is short-circuited.
[50] Le commutateur tel qu'ainsi constitué fonctionne de la manière suivante.  [50] The switch as so constituted operates in the following manner.
[51] Dans l'état de repos, tel qu'illustré aux figures 12 et 13, les interrupteurs II et 12 étant ouverts, le premier contact mobile Cl est en position de repos tandis que les deuxième et troisième contacts mobile C2, C3 sont en position de déconnectée, par le biais des ressort de rappel 15 illsutré sur la figure 6. Les contacts mobiles Cl à C3 et les bornes Bl et B2 sont alors isolés électriquement les uns des autres. La résistance R relie électriquement le contact mobile C3 à la borne positive du moteur électrique. [51] In the state of rest, as illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, the switches II and 12 being open, the first movable contact C1 is in the rest position while the second and third movable contacts C2, C3 are in the disconnected position, through the return spring 15 illsutré in Figure 6. The movable contacts C1 to C3 and terminals B1 and B2 are then electrically isolated from each other. The resistor R electrically connects the movable contact C3 to the positive terminal of the electric motor.
[52] Lorsqu'un démarrage du moteur du véhicule incorporant le démarreur selon cette variante est souhaité, le commutateur C est placé dans un état d'engagement plus particulièrement illustré aux figures 14 et 15. À cet effet, le premier interrupteur II est fermé, le deuxième interrupteur 12 restant ouvert.  [52] When starting the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to this variant is desired, the switch C is placed in an engagement state more particularly illustrated in Figures 14 and 15. For this purpose, the first switch II is closed , the second switch 12 remaining open.
[53] La première bobine Ll est alors alimentée de sorte que son plongeur PI se déplace dans le sens de la flèche Fl. Le plongeur PI vient placer le premier contact mobile Cl en position d'engagement E dans laquelle il se trouve en contact mécanique et électrique avec le deuxième contact mobile C2 et troisième contact mobile C3. La deuxième bobine L2 et la troisième bobine L2 sont également alimentées ce qui maintien le deuxième contact mobile C2 et le troisième contact mobile C3 dans la position déconnectée par le biais d'une force magnétique représentée par les flèches F2. Le mouvement du plongeur PI a en outre placé le lanceur L dans une position d'engagement avec les moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. [53] The first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1. The plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical contact. and electrical with the second movable contact C2 and third movable contact C3. The second coil L2 and the third coil L2 are also energized which holds the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3 in the disconnected position by means of a magnetic force represented by the arrows F2. The movement of the plunger PI has also placed the launcher L in a position of engagement with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
[54] À partir de l'état d'engagement, le commutateur C peut être placé dans un état intermédiaire, tel qu'illustré aux figures 16 et 17. À cet effet, le deuxième interrupteur 12 est fermé de sorte que la troisième bobine L3 est court-circuitée et n'est donc plus alimentée. Le défaut d'alimentation de la troisième bobine L3 entraîne une translation, dans le sens de la flèche F4, de son noyau P3 plaçant ainsi le troisième contact mobile C3 en position connectée Cx dans laquelle il est en contact mécanique et électrique avec la première borne Bl. La deuxième bobine L2 est en parrallèle avec l'enroullement d'appel Ea est reste donc allimentée pour maintenir le deuxième contact mobile en position déconnectée. [54] From the state of engagement, the switch C can be placed in an intermediate state, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17. For this purpose, the second switch 12 is closed so that the third coil L3 is short-circuited and is no longer powered. The lack of supply of the third coil L3 causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F4, of its core P3 thus placing the third movable contact C3 in the connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal Bl. The second coil L2 is in parallel with the winding Ea call is still remains in order to maintain the second movable contact in the disconnected position.
[55] Dans cet état intermédiaire le moteur électrique M se trouve alimenté via la résistance de limitation R de sorte qu'il tourne à vitesse et à puissance réduite.  [55] In this intermediate state the electric motor M is powered via the limiting resistor R so that it rotates at a reduced speed and power.
[56] À partir de l'état intermédiaire, le commutateur C peut être placé dans un état d'alimentation tel qu'illustré aux figures 18 et 19. À cet effet le deuxième interrupteur 12 est ouvert est ouvert de sorte que l'alimentation de l'enroulement d'appel Ea au moins de la première bobine Ll est coupée ainsi que l'alimentation des deuxième et troisième bobines B2 et B3 afin de ne plus retenir le contact mobile C2 et que celui-ci se déplace sous l'effet du ressort de maintien W qui applique une force F5 en direction de la position connectée Cx par le biais du contact mobile Cl. Le deuxième contact mobile C2 en position connectée Cx est donc en contact mécanique et électrique avec la deuxième borne B2. [56] From the intermediate state, the switch C can be placed in a power state as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. For this purpose the second switch 12 is open and is open so that the power supply of the call winding Ea at least of the first coil L1 is cut off as well as the supply of the second and third coils B2 and B3 so as not to retain the moving contact C2 and that it moves under the effect the holding spring W which applies a force F5 towards the connected position Cx through the moving contact C1. The second movable contact C2 in the connected position Cx is therefore in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
[57] Ainsi dans cet état d'alimentation, les premier Cl, deuxième C2 et troisième C3 contacts mobiles assurent une continuité électrique entre les première et deuxième bornes Bl et B2 de sorte que le moteur électrique M du démarreur est alimenté à pleine puissance et peut assurer l'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne.  [57] Thus in this power state, the first C1, second C2 and third C3 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the electric motor M of the starter is powered at full power and can drive the internal combustion engine.
[58] Dans cet état d'alimentation, il suffit, pour interrompre l'alimentation du moteur électrique M, d'ouvrir le premier interrupteur. En effet, l'enroullement de maintien est désalimenté entraînant un retour en arrière du plongeur PI par le biais d'un ou plusieurs ressorts de rappel et donc entraînant un retour à la position déconnectée des deuxième et troisième contact mobile C2 et C3 par le biais de leurs ressort de rappel 15 réciproque. [58] In this power state, it is sufficient, to interrupt the power supply of the electric motor M, to open the first switch. Indeed, the holding winding is de-energized causing the plunger P1 to return back by means of one or more return springs and thus causing a return to the disconnected position of the second and third movable contacts C 2 and C 3 via of their reciprocal return spring.
[59] Le deuxième contact mobile C2 est relié en permanence à la deuxième borne par une tresse T comprenant la résistance R.  [59] The second movable contact C2 is permanently connected to the second terminal by a braid T comprising the resistor R.
[60] Cependant, une telle liaison permanente n'est pas nécessaire à la l'invention. Selon un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, la sortie de la deuxième bobine L2et l'entrée de la troisième bobine L3 (ou vice vers-ça) ne sont pas raccordé électriquement ensemble. Dans ce mode de réalisation, il est nécessaire d'avoir un troisième interrupteur pour commander le troisième contact mobile. Ainsi, l'avantage du mode de réalisation décrit permet de gagner en volume puisqu'il n'utilise que de contacts mobiles. [60] However, such a permanent connection is not necessary to the invention. According to another embodiment not shown, the output of the second coil L2and the input of the third coil L3 (or vice versa) are not electrically connected together. In this embodiment, it is necessary to have a third switch to control the third movable contact. So, the advantage of the embodiment described allows to gain volume since it uses only mobile contacts.
[61] Bien entendu, diverses autres modifications peuvent être apportées à l'invention dans le cadre des revendications annexées. [61] Of course, various other modifications may be made to the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Commutateur électromagnétique pour démarreur de moteur thermique comprenant :  An electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising:
- une première borne (Bl),  a first terminal (Bl),
- une deuxième borne (B2), a second terminal (B2),
- un premier contact mobile (Cl) qui est situé entre les première et deuxième bornes (B1,B2), et qui est mobile entre une position de repos et une position d'alimentation, a first moving contact (C1) which is situated between the first and second terminals (B1, B2) and which is movable between a rest position and a feed position,
- un noyau plongeur (PI), d'une première bobine (Ll), destiné à actionner un système de manœuvre d'un lanceur (L) du démarreur, commandant le déplacement du premier contact mobile (Cl), a plunger core (PI), of a first coil (L1), for actuating a system for operating a launcher (L) of the starter, controlling the displacement of the first movable contact (C1),
- un deuxième contact mobile (C2) qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile (Cl) et la deuxième borne (B2) et qui est mobile, entre une position déconnectée et une position connectée, par un noyau (P2) d'une deuxième bobine (L2) et un ressort, le commutateur étant susceptible d'être placé, selon l'alimentation des bobines, dans trois états de fonctionnement :  a second movable contact (C2) which is located between the first moving contact (C1) and the second terminal (B2) and which is movable, between a disconnected position and a connected position, by a core (P2) of a second coil (L2) and a spring, the switch being capable of being placed, according to the supply of the coils, in three operating states:
- un état de repos dans lequel le premier contact mobile (Cl) est isolé électriquement des deux bornes (Bl, B2) et en ce que les deux bornes sont isolées l'une de l'autre, a state of rest in which the first movable contact (Cl) is electrically isolated from the two terminals (B1, B2) and in that the two terminals are isolated from each other,
- un état d'engagement dans lequel: - a state of engagement in which:
- le premier contact mobile (Cl) est dans une position d'engagement entre la position d'alimentation et la position repos et se trouve en contact électrique avec la première borne électrique (Bl),  the first moving contact (Cl) is in an engagement position between the supply position and the rest position and is in electrical contact with the first electrical terminal (B1),
- le deuxième contact mobile (C2) est en position de repos et en contact électrique et mécanique avec le premier contact mobile (Cl),  the second movable contact (C2) is in the rest position and in electrical and mechanical contact with the first movable contact (Cl),
- la deuxième borne (B2) est isolée électriquement des contacts mobiles et de la première borne (Bl),  the second terminal (B2) is electrically isolated from the moving contacts and from the first terminal (B1),
- un état d'alimentation dans lequel :  a power state in which:
- le premier contact mobile (Cl) est en position d'alimentation et se trouve en contact électrique avec la deuxième borne par le biais du deuxième contact mobile (C2) et est en contact électrique avec la première borne (Bl), et  the first movable contact (Cl) is in the supply position and is in electrical contact with the second terminal via the second movable contact (C2) and is in electrical contact with the first terminal (Bl), and
- le deuxième contact mobile (C2) est en position connectée et se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec la deuxième borne (B2). - The second movable contact (C2) is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second terminal (B2).
2. Commutateur électromagnétique selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième contact mobile (C2) est en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine (L2) est alimentée et en position déconnectée lorsque la deuxième bobine (L2) est désactivée et en ce qu'un ressort rappelle le contact mobile en position déconnectée. 2. Electromagnetic switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second movable contact (C2) is in the connected position when the second coil (L2) is energized and in the disconnected position when the second coil (L2) is deactivated and in that a spring recalls the moving contact in the disconnected position.
3. Commutateur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième contact mobile (C2) est en position déconnectée lorsque la deuxième bobine deuxième (L2) est alimentée, et se trouve en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine (L2) est désactivée et en ce que le deuxième contact mobile (C2) est maintenu en position connecté par un ressort. 3. Electromagnetic switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the second movable contact (C2) is in the disconnected position when the second second coil (L2) is energized, and is in the connected position when the second coil (L2) is deactivated. and in that the second movable contact (C2) is held in position connected by a spring.
4. Commutateur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que qu'il comprend 4. Electromagnetic switch according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that it comprises
- un troisième contact mobile (C3) qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile (Cl) et la première borne (Bl) et qui est déplacé, entre une position déconnectée et une position shuntage, par un noyau (P3) d'une troisième bobine et un ressort, et  - a third movable contact (C3) which is located between the first movable contact (C1) and the first terminal (Bl) and which is moved between a disconnected position and a shunt position by a core (P3) of a third coil and a spring, and
- une résistance de limitation (R) montée électriquement entre la première borne a limiting resistor (R) electrically mounted between the first terminal
(Bl) et le troisième contact mobile (C3), (B1) and the third movable contact (C3),
- dans lequel à l'état de repos, le troisième contact mobile (C3) est isolé électriquement des deux autres contacts mobiles (Cl, C2),  in which, in the idle state, the third movable contact (C3) is electrically isolated from the two other movable contacts (C1, C2),
- à l'état d'engagement, le premier contact mobile (Cl) se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec le troisième contact mobile (C3), et en ce que le troisième contact mobile (C3) est en position déconnectée isolé mécaniquement de la troisième borne et est relié électriquement à la première borne (Bl) par le biais de la résistance de limitation (R),  in the state of engagement, the first movable contact (C1) is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact (C3), and in that the third movable contact (C3) is in the mechanically isolated disconnected position; the third terminal and is electrically connected to the first terminal (B1) through the limiting resistor (R),
- à l'état d'alimentation, le premier contact mobile (Cl) se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec le troisième contact mobile (C3), le troisième contact mobile (C3) est en position connectée et se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec la première borne (Bl) shuntant la résistance, in the supply state, the first movable contact (C1) is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact (C3), the third movable contact (C3) is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the first terminal (B1) shunting the resistor,
et dans lequel, le commutateur est susceptible de passer dans un état intermédiaire dans lequel: and wherein the switch is capable of transitioning to an intermediate state in which:
- le premier contact mobile (Cl) est en position d'engagement et est en contact électrique et mécanique avec les deuxième et troisième contacts mobiles (C2, C3),  the first movable contact (Cl) is in the engagement position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second and third movable contacts (C2, C3),
- le troisième contact mobile (C3) est en position déconnectée et est en contact électrique avec la première borne (Bl) par le biais de la résistance de limitation (R), et  the third movable contact (C3) is in the disconnected position and is in electrical contact with the first terminal (B1) via the limiting resistor (R), and
- le deuxième contact mobile (C2) est en position connectée et est relié électriquement à la deuxième borne (B2).  the second movable contact (C2) is in the connected position and is electrically connected to the second terminal (B2).
5. Commutateur électromagnétique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le troisième contact mobile (C3) est en position déconnectée lorsque la troisième bobine5. Electromagnetic switch according to claim 4, characterized in that the third movable contact (C3) is in the disconnected position when the third coil
(L3) est activée. (L3) is activated.
6. Commutateur électromagnétique selon l'une des deux revendications précédentes, dans lequel, le premier contact mobile (Cl) exerce une force mécanique sur le troisième contact mobile (C3) pour le déplacer en direction de la position shuntage lorsque la troisième bobine (L3) n'est pas alimenté et en ce que en ce que un ressort de rappel (15) applique une force sur le troisième contact mobile (C3) en direction de la position déconnectée. 6. Electromagnetic switch according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the first movable contact (C1) exerts a mechanical force on the third movable contact (C3) to move it towards the shunt position when the third coil (L3 ) is not powered and in that a return spring (15) applies a force to the third movable contact (C3) towards the disconnected position.
7. Commutateur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième (L2) et/ou la troisième (L3) bobine est un micro-solénoïde. Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second (L2) and / or the third (L3) coil is a micro-solenoid.
8. Commutateur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième (C2) et/ou le troisième contact mobile (C3) est formé par un étrier-contact (C2) comprenant deux branches (10,11) qui maintiennent entre elles le noyau (13) du micro-solénoïde qui est également situé entre les deux mâchoires. 8. Switch according to claim 7, characterized in that the second (C2) and / or the third movable contact (C3) is formed by a contact stirrup (C2) comprising two branches (10,11) which maintain between them the core (13) of the micro-solenoid which is also located between the two jaws.
9. Commutateur selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'étrier-contact est adapté pour supporter le passage d'un courant de puissance. 9. Switch according to claim 8, characterized in that the stirrup-contact is adapted to support the passage of a power current.
10. Commutateur selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que le micro- solénoïde comprend une cuve (14) faisant partie du circuit magnétique du micro- solénoïde et formant logement pour la bobine (L2) du micro-solénoïde. 10. Switch according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the micro-solenoid comprises a tank (14) forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil (L2) of the micro-solenoid.
11. Commutateur selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la cuve (14) est solidaire du corps (2) du commutateur. 11. Switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the tank (14) is integral with the body (2) of the switch.
12. Démarreur électrique pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant : Electric starter for an internal combustion engine comprising:
- un lanceur (L) qui est entraîné en rotation par un moteur électrique (M) et qui est mobile en translation axiale entre une position de repos et une position d'engagement avec des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne, - un commutateur électromagnétique (C) selon l'une des revendications précédentes adapté pour, d'une part, piloter l'alimentation du moteur électrique (M) et, d'autre part, contrôler le déplacement du lanceur (L) entre ses positions de repos et d'engagement.  a launcher (L) which is rotated by an electric motor (M) and which is movable in axial translation between a rest position and an engagement position with drive means of the internal combustion engine; Electromagnetic switch (C) according to one of the preceding claims adapted to, on the one hand, drive the power supply of the electric motor (M) and, on the other hand, control the movement of the launcher (L) between its rest positions and commitment.
13. Système de démarreur comprenant un démarreur selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la première bobine comprend 13. Starter system comprising a starter according to the preceding claim, wherein the first coil comprises
- un enroulement d'appel (Ea) ayant une borne de sortie reliée électriquement à la borne positive du moteur, et  a call winding (Ea) having an output terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor, and
- un enroulement de maintien (Em) ayant une borne de sortie reliée électriquement avec la borne négative du moteur et une borne d'entrée reliée à une borne d'entrée de la bobine d'appel,  a holding winding (Em) having an output terminal electrically connected to the negative terminal of the motor and an input terminal connected to an input terminal of the call coil,
dans lequel le système comprend en outre : wherein the system further comprises:
- une batterie électrique comprenant une borne positive reliée à la seconde borne du commutateur et une borne négative reliée à une borne du moteur électrique; - un premier interrupteur (11) relié électriquement d'une première borne à la borne positive de la batterie et d'une deuxième borne aux enroulements de maintien et d'appel ; an electric battery comprising a positive terminal connected to the second terminal of the switch and a negative terminal connected to a terminal of the electric motor; a first switch (11) electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and from a second terminal to the holding and calling windings;
- un second interrupteur (12) relié électriquement d'une première borne à la borne positive de la batterie, et d'une deuxième borne à la borne d'entrée de la seconde bobine (L2), et  a second switch (12) electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery, and from a second terminal to the input terminal of the second coil (L2), and
dans lequel la borne de sortie de la seconde bobine est reliée électriquement à la borne positive du moteur. wherein the output terminal of the second coil is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor.
14. Système selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la borne de sortie de la seconde bobine est raccordée à la borne de sortie de l'enroulement d'appel (Ea) de la première bobine (Ll). 14. System according to the preceding claim, wherein the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the winding (Ea) of the first coil (Ll).
15. Système selon la revendication précédente dans lequel la troisième bobine (L3) est raccordée entre le troisième contact et la borne de sortie de la première bobine (Ll). 15. System according to the preceding claim wherein the third coil (L3) is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil (L1).
EP12816771.5A 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine Not-in-force EP2795651B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1162255A FR2985084B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH FOR THERMAL ENGINE STARTER COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO MOVING CONTACTS
PCT/FR2012/053051 WO2013093371A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine

Publications (2)

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EP2795651A1 true EP2795651A1 (en) 2014-10-29
EP2795651B1 EP2795651B1 (en) 2015-11-18

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EP12816760.8A Not-in-force EP2795650B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Multi-contactor device, in particular for controlling an electric starter
EP12816771.5A Not-in-force EP2795651B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine

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US (2) US9470199B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2795650B1 (en)
KR (2) KR101903832B1 (en)
CN (2) CN104126215B (en)
BR (2) BR112014014275A2 (en)
FR (1) FR2985084B1 (en)
WO (2) WO2013093365A1 (en)

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KR20140110959A (en) 2014-09-17
EP2795650B1 (en) 2015-11-18
KR101903832B1 (en) 2018-10-02
US9470199B2 (en) 2016-10-18
FR2985084A1 (en) 2013-06-28
WO2013093371A1 (en) 2013-06-27
KR20140110961A (en) 2014-09-17
CN104126216A (en) 2014-10-29
CN104126215B (en) 2017-06-30
US9599087B2 (en) 2017-03-21
EP2795651B1 (en) 2015-11-18
CN104126215A (en) 2014-10-29
EP2795650A1 (en) 2014-10-29
US20140345554A1 (en) 2014-11-27
WO2013093365A1 (en) 2013-06-27
CN104126216B (en) 2016-05-11
BR112014014250A2 (en) 2017-06-13
BR112014014275A2 (en) 2017-06-13
FR2985084B1 (en) 2015-03-13
US20140373801A1 (en) 2014-12-25

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