EP2795651B1 - Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2795651B1
EP2795651B1 EP12816771.5A EP12816771A EP2795651B1 EP 2795651 B1 EP2795651 B1 EP 2795651B1 EP 12816771 A EP12816771 A EP 12816771A EP 2795651 B1 EP2795651 B1 EP 2795651B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
contact
coil
mobile
mobile contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP12816771.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2795651A1 (en
Inventor
Stéphane PLAIDEAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Publication of EP2795651A1 publication Critical patent/EP2795651A1/en
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Publication of EP2795651B1 publication Critical patent/EP2795651B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0803—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for initiating engine start or stop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
    • F02N11/0844—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop with means for restarting the engine directly after an engine stop request, e.g. caused by change of driver mind
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of starters for a motor vehicle engine.
  • a starter generally comprises an electric motor associated with drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the drive means are most often adapted to be coupled to the movable members of the internal combustion engine during a start-up phase of the latter and to be uncoupled from the internal combustion engine when the latter is running.
  • the starter comprises an electromagnetic switch adapted to, firstly, control the power supply of the electric motor and, secondly, to control the coupling and uncoupling of the drive means from the combustion engine.
  • the drive means comprise a launcher which is rotatable on itself and is movable in axial translation between a rest position and a driving position of the internal combustion engine. The launcher is then moved between its resting and driving positions by a lever operated by the electromagnetic switch.
  • the invention relates more particularly to such an electromagnetic switch, also called a contactor, for a motor vehicle starter.
  • the document FR2940719 describes a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the moving contact in the disconnected position.
  • the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the moving contact in the connected position.
  • the first contact exerts a force on the second moving contact passes from the disconnected position to the connected position when the first contact passes from the engagement position to the supply position.
  • the second movable contact is in the disconnected position when the second coil is energized, and is in the connected position when the second coil is deactivated and in that the second movable contact is held in connected position by a spring.
  • the four distinct states of the switch allow fine control of the starter incorporating the switch according to the invention.
  • this embodiment makes it possible to use a resistor in series with the electric motor for a short time when powering the electric motor.
  • the third movable contact is in the disconnected position when the third coil is activated.
  • the first movable contact exerts a mechanical force on the third movable contact to move it towards the shunt position when the third coil is not powered and in that a spring return force applies a force on the third movable contact towards the disconnected position. and is held in the disconnected position by a spring.
  • the third movable contact is permanently electrically connected via a limiting resistor to the second terminal, so that in the intermediate state the limiting resistor is energized and in the supply state the resistor is short-circuited.
  • This characteristic allows controlling in the intermediate state a rotation of the electric motor with a lower power than that available in the power state.
  • the second and / or third coil is a micro-solenoid.
  • the second and / or third movable contact is formed by a contact stirrup comprising two jaws which hold between them the core of the micro solenoid which is also located between the two jaws.
  • the stirrup-contact is then preferably adapted to support the passage of a power current.
  • the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
  • the tank is then preferably integral with a wall of the switch.
  • the stirrup-contact is adapted to support the passage of a power current.
  • the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.
  • the tank is integral with the body of the switch.
  • the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the winding of the first coil.
  • the third coil is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil.
  • the launcher L and the gearbox R together form drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the embodiment of such a starter D and its constituent elements are well known to those skilled in the art so that only the characteristics necessary for understanding the invention will be described.
  • the electromagnetic switch C comprises, as this the spring of figure 2 , a first terminal B1 and a second terminal B2 which extend outside the body 1 of the switch C.
  • the first terminal B1 is, according to the example illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , intended to be connected to a pole of a battery 2, while the second terminal B2 is intended to be connected to the electric motor M.
  • the terminals B1 and B2 belong to a multi-contact assembly MC constituting the switch C and shown in FIG. schematic way to the figure 4 .
  • the multi-contact assembly MC comprises a first movable contact C1 which is located between the first and second terminals B1 and B2.
  • the first movable contact C1 is actuated by a plunger P1 of a first coil L1.
  • the plunger P1 is also adapted to move the launcher L between these rest and engagement positions.
  • the first coil L1 comprises two windings Em and Ea which have a common end connected to a control unit U. A first winding, said maintains, Em is, moreover, connected directly to the vehicle while the other winding , called call, Ea is, moreover, connected to the second terminal B2.
  • the multi-contact assembly MC also comprises a second movable contact C2 which is situated between the first movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2.
  • the second moving contact C2 is displaced by the core P2 of a second coil L2 which is connected, on the one hand, to the control unit U and, on the other hand, to the second terminal B2.
  • the second movable contact C2 has the shape of a U-shaped stirrup comprising two parallel branches 10 and 11 connected by a core 12 substantially parallel to the second coil L2.
  • the second movable contact C2 is preferably made of a material having very good characteristics of electrical conductivity, such as copper so as to withstand without heating the passage of a high intensity current.
  • the second coil L2 is then made in the form of a micro-solenoid 9 comprising the movable core P2 which is clamped by the two branches 10 and 11 of the second movable contact C2 being substantially parallel to its core 12.
  • the mobile core P2 is, for example, made of soft iron so that it can be magnetized and have good electrical conductivity characteristics.
  • the mobile core P2 is surrounded by the second coil L2 which is disposed inside a tank 14. Furthermore, this tank 14 is connected to the body 2 so as to be immobilized in translation parallel to the axis ⁇ of the coil and translation of the core P2.
  • the micro-solenoid 9 finally comprises a spring 15 interposed between the tank 14 and the lower branch 11 of the movable contact C2.
  • the control unit U comprises a first switch I1 dedicated to supplying the first coil L1 and a second switch I2 dedicated to feeding the second coil L2.
  • the output terminals of the second and the first coils are electrically connected together.
  • the switch C as thus constituted operates in the following manner.
  • the switch C When starting the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to the invention is desired, the switch C is placed in a state of engagement more particularly illustrated in FIGS. Figures 7 and 8 .
  • the first switch I1 and the second switch I2 are closed.
  • the first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1.
  • the plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal B1 as well as with the second movable contact C2.
  • the supply of the second coil L2 holds the second movable contact C2 in the disconnected position D to prevent the movable contact C1 moves the movable contact C2 to the connected position.
  • the movement of the plunger P1 has further moved the launcher L into an engagement position with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the switch C may be placed in a power state, as illustrated in FIG. Figures 9 and 10 .
  • the second switch I2 is open so that the second coil L2 is no longer powered which causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F3, of its core P2 thus placing the second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
  • the switch further comprises a holding spring W illustrated on the figure 1 which applies a force on the movable contact C1 in the direction of the fed position and which also applies a force on the movable contact C2 through the movable contact C1 to the connected position.
  • first C1 and second C2 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the motor Electric motor starter M is powered and can provide the drive of the internal combustion engine.
  • the return spring 15 exerts a force bringing the movable contact back into the disconnected position when the contact plate moves towards the rest position.
  • the first contact C1 is placed perfectly in its engagement position only when the launcher L properly meshes the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the electric motor M is powered only if, on the one hand, the second switch I2 is closed and, on the other hand, the launcher L is properly engaged.
  • the movable contact is arranged between the movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2.
  • the operation remains identical to the mode described above.
  • the switch C comprises, as shown by the Figures 11 to 13 a third movable contact C3 which is located between the first terminal B1 and the first movable contact C1.
  • This third movable contact C3 is actuated by the core P3 of a third coil B3 formed as the second coil B2 in the form of a micro solenoid as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 5 and 6 so that it is not necessary to describe any more before the constitution.
  • the second movable contact C2 is further permanently tuned to the second terminal B2 by a flexible braid T incorporating a current limiting resistor R.
  • the third coil L3 is connected, on the one hand, to the second coil L2 and, on the other hand, to the first switch I1 of the control unit U while the second coil L2 is connected to the second terminal B2 via the limiting resistor R.
  • the second switch I2 of the control unit U is further connected to the line connecting the second coil L2 to the third coil L3.
  • the second moving contact moves from one position disconnected at a shunt position, also called short-circuit, corresponding to the embodiment previously described by the connected position. In the shunt position the resistor R is short-circuited.
  • the switch as so constituted operates in the following manner.
  • the switch C When a starting of the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to this variant is desired, the switch C is placed in a state of engagement more particularly illustrated in FIGS. Figures 14 and 15 .
  • the first switch I1 is closed, the second switch I2 remains open.
  • the first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1.
  • the plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3.
  • the second coil L2 and the third coil L2 are also energized which holds the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3 in the disconnected position by means of a magnetic force represented by the arrows F2.
  • the movement of the plunger P1 has also placed the launcher L in an engagement position with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.
  • the switch C can be placed in an intermediate state, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 16 and 17 .
  • the second switch I2 is closed so that the third coil L3 is short-circuited and is no longer powered.
  • the lack of supply of the third coil L3 causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F4, of its core P3 thus placing the third movable contact C3 in the connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal B1.
  • the second coil L2 is in parallel with the winding Ea call is still remains in order to maintain the second movable contact in the disconnected position.
  • the switch C can be placed in a power state as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 18 and 19 .
  • the second switch I2 is open is open so that the supply of the call winding Ea at least of the first coil L1 is cut off as well as the supply of the second and third coils B2 and B3 in order not to more retaining the movable contact C2 and that it moves under the effect of the holding spring W which applies a force F5 towards the connected position Cx through the movable contact C1.
  • the second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.
  • the first C1, second C2 and third C3 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the electric motor M starter is powered at full power and can ensure drive of the internal combustion engine.
  • the second movable contact C2 is permanently connected to the second terminal by a braid T comprising the resistor R.
  • the output of the second coil L2and the input of the third coil L3 are not not electrically connected together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine technique des démarreurs pour moteur thermique de véhicule automobile.The invention relates to the technical field of starters for a motor vehicle engine.

Un démarreur comprend généralement un moteur électrique associé à des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Les moyens d'entraînement sont le plus souvent adaptés pour être accouplés aux organes mobiles du moteur à combustion interne pendant une phase de démarrage de ce dernier et pour être désaccouplés du moteur à combustion interne lorsque que ce dernier fonctionne. À cet effet le démarreur comprend un commutateur électromagnétique adapté pour, d'une part, piloter l'alimentation du moteur électrique et, d'autre part, contrôler l'accouplement et le désaccouplement des moyens d'entraînement d'avec le moteur à combustion interne. Les moyens d'entraînement comprennent un lanceur qui est mobile en rotation sur lui-même et qui est mobile en translation axiale entre une position de repos et une position d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Le lanceur est alors déplacé entre ses positions de repos et d'entraînement par un levier manoeuvré par le commutateur électromagnétique.A starter generally comprises an electric motor associated with drive means of the internal combustion engine. The drive means are most often adapted to be coupled to the movable members of the internal combustion engine during a start-up phase of the latter and to be uncoupled from the internal combustion engine when the latter is running. For this purpose the starter comprises an electromagnetic switch adapted to, firstly, control the power supply of the electric motor and, secondly, to control the coupling and uncoupling of the drive means from the combustion engine. internal. The drive means comprise a launcher which is rotatable on itself and is movable in axial translation between a rest position and a driving position of the internal combustion engine. The launcher is then moved between its resting and driving positions by a lever operated by the electromagnetic switch.

L'invention se rapporte plus particulièrement à un tel commutateur électromagnétique, appelé aussi contacteur, pour démarreur de véhicule automobile.The invention relates more particularly to such an electromagnetic switch, also called a contactor, for a motor vehicle starter.

Lors de la mise en oeuvre du démarreur, il convient de s'assurer que le pignon du lanceur est bien engagé en position d'entrainement avant la mise en marche du moteur électrique. En effet, en cas de mauvais engagement du lanceur lors de mise en marche du moteur électrique, il existe un risque important de détérioration du lanceur et/ou d'une couronne de démarrage solidaire du moteur à combustion interne.When using the starter, make sure that the starter pinion is engaged in the drive position before starting the electric motor. Indeed, in case of poor engagement of the launcher when starting the electric motor, there is a significant risk of damage to the launcher and / or a fixed starter ring of the internal combustion engine.

Le document FR2940719 décrit un dispositif selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document FR2940719 describes a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Il est donc apparu le besoin d'un commutateur électromécanique qui permette de garantir que le lanceur est engagé en position d'entraînement avant toute mise en marche du moteur électrique du démarreur.It has therefore appeared the need for an electromechanical switch which makes it possible to guarantee that the launcher is engaged in the driving position before any starting of the electric motor of the starter.

Afin d'atteindre cet objectif l'invention concerne un commutateur électromagnétique pour un démarreur de moteur thermique comprenant :

  • une première borne,
  • une deuxième borne,
  • un premier contact mobile qui est situé entre les première et deuxième bornes, et qui est mobile entre une position de repos et une position d'alimentation,
  • un noyau plongeur, d'une première bobine, destiné à actionner un système de manoeuvre d'un lanceur du démarreur, commandant le déplacement du premier contact mobile,
  • un deuxième contact mobile qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile et la deuxième borne et qui est mobile, entre une position déconnectée et une position connectée, par un noyau d'une deuxième bobine et un ressort.
In order to achieve this object the invention relates to an electromagnetic switch for a thermal engine starter comprising:
  • a first terminal,
  • a second terminal,
  • a first moving contact which is located between the first and second terminals, and which is movable between a rest position and a feed position,
  • a plunger core, of a first coil, for actuating a starter launcher operating system, controlling the displacement of the first movable contact,
  • a second movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the second terminal and is movable between a disconnected position and a connected position by a core of a second coil and a spring.

Selon l'invention, le commutateur est susceptible d'être placé, selon l'alimentation des bobines, dans trois états de fonctionnement à savoir :

  • un état de repos dans lequel le premier contact mobile est isolé électriquement des deux bornes et en ce que les deux bornes sont isolées l'une de l'autre,
  • un état d'engagement dans lequel:
    • le premier contact mobile est dans une position d'engagement entre la position d'alimentation et la position repos et se trouve en contact électrique avec la première borne électrique,
    • le deuxième contact mobile est en position de repos et en contact électrique et mécanique avec le premier contact mobile,
    • la deuxième borne est isolée électriquement des contacts mobiles et de la première borne,
  • un état d'alimentation dans lequel :
    • le premier contact mobile est en position d'alimentation et se trouve en contact électrique avec la deuxième borne par le biais du deuxième contact mobile et est en contact électrique avec la première borne, et
    • le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée et se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec la deuxième borne.
According to the invention, the switch is capable of being placed, according to the supply of the coils, in three operating states, namely:
  • a state of rest in which the first movable contact is electrically isolated from the two terminals and in that the two terminals are isolated from each other,
  • a state of engagement in which:
    • the first moving contact is in an engagement position between the supply position and the rest position and is in electrical contact with the first electrical terminal,
    • the second moving contact is in the rest position and in electrical and mechanical contact with the first moving contact,
    • the second terminal is electrically isolated from the moving contacts and the first terminal,
  • a power state in which:
    • the first movable contact is in the supply position and is in electrical contact with the second terminal via the second movable contact and is in electrical contact with the first terminal, and
    • the second moving contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second terminal.

Compte tenu des trois états distincts que le démarreur est susceptible de connaitre, il est possible de commander l'alimentation du moteur en plaçant le commutateur dans son état d'alimentation après l'avoir placé dans son état d'engagement.Given the three different states that the starter is likely to know, it is possible to control the motor power by placing the switch in its power state after placing it in its commitment state.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est alimentée et en position déconnectée lorsque la bobine est désactivée, un ressort rappelant le contact mobile en position déconnectée.According to a characteristic of the invention, the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the moving contact in the disconnected position.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est alimentée et en position déconnectée lorsque la bobine est désactivée, un ressort rappelant le contact mobile en position connectée.According to a characteristic of the invention, the second movable contact is in the connected position when the second coil is energized and in the disconnected position when the coil is deactivated, a spring reminding the moving contact in the connected position.

Selon une variante de cette caractéristique, le premier contact exerce une force sur le deuxième contact mobile passe de la position déconnectée à la position connectée lorsque le premier contact passe de la position engagement à la position d'alimentation.According to a variant of this characteristic, the first contact exerts a force on the second moving contact passes from the disconnected position to the connected position when the first contact passes from the engagement position to the supply position.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le deuxième contact mobile est en position déconnectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est alimentée, et se trouve en position connectée lorsque la deuxième bobine est désactivée et en ce que le deuxième contact mobile est maintenu en position connecté par un ressort.According to another characteristic of the invention, the second movable contact is in the disconnected position when the second coil is energized, and is in the connected position when the second coil is deactivated and in that the second movable contact is held in connected position by a spring.

Selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention, le commutateur électromagnétique comprend

  • 1. un troisième contact mobile qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile et la première borne et qui est déplacé, entre une position déconnectée et une position shuntage, par un noyau d'une troisième bobine et un ressort, et
  • 1. une résistance de limitation montée électriquement entre la première borne et le troisième contact mobile,
dans lequel :
  • 1. à l'état de repos, le troisième contact mobile est isolé électriquement des deux autres contacts mobiles,
  • 1. à l'état d'engagement, le premier contact mobile se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec le troisième contact mobile, et en ce que le troisième contact mobile est en position déconnectée isolé mécaniquement de la troisième borne et est relié électriquement à la première borne par le biais de la résistance de limitation,
  • 1. à l'état d'alimentation, le premier contact mobile se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec le troisième contact mobile, le troisième contact mobile est en position connectée et se trouve en contact électrique et mécanique avec la première borne shuntant la résistance,
et dans lequel, le commutateur est susceptible de passer dans un état intermédiaire dans lequel:
  • 1. le premier contact mobile est en position d'engagement et est en contact électrique et mécanique avec les deuxième et troisième contacts mobiles,
  • 1. le troisième contact mobile est en position déconnectée et est en contact électrique avec la première borne par le biais de la résistance de limitation, et
  • 1. le deuxième contact mobile est en position connectée et est relié électriquement à la deuxième borne.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic switch comprises
  • A third movable contact which is located between the first movable contact and the first terminal and which is moved between a disconnected position and a shunt position by a core of a third coil and a spring, and
  • A limiting resistor electrically mounted between the first terminal and the third movable contact,
in which :
  • 1. in the idle state, the third movable contact is electrically isolated from the other two movable contacts,
  • 1. in the state of engagement, the first movable contact is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact, and in that the third movable contact is in the mechanically isolated disconnected position of the third terminal and is electrically connected to the first terminal through the limiting resistor,
  • 1. in the power state, the first movable contact is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third movable contact, the third movable contact is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the first terminal shunting the resistor ,
and wherein the switch is capable of transitioning to an intermediate state in which:
  • The first movable contact is in the engagement position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second and third movable contacts,
  • The third movable contact is in the disconnected position and is in electrical contact with the first terminal via the limiting resistor, and
  • The second movable contact is in the connected position and is electrically connected to the second terminal.

Les quatre états distincts du commutateur permettent une commande fine de du démarreur intégrant le commutateur selon l'invention. Notamment, ce mode de réalisation permet d'utiliser une résistance en série avec le moteur électrique pendant une courte durée lors de l'alimentation du moteur électrique.The four distinct states of the switch allow fine control of the starter incorporating the switch according to the invention. In particular, this embodiment makes it possible to use a resistor in series with the electric motor for a short time when powering the electric motor.

Selon une autre caractéristique de cette forme de réalisation, le troisième contact mobile est en position déconnectée lorsque la troisième bobine est activée.According to another characteristic of this embodiment, the third movable contact is in the disconnected position when the third coil is activated.

Selon une autre caractéristique de cette forme de réalisation, le premier contact mobile exerce une force mécanique sur le troisième contact mobile pour le déplacer en direction de la position shuntage lorsque la troisième bobine n'est pas alimenté et en ce que en ce que un ressort de rappel applique une force sur le troisième contact mobile en direction de la position déconnectée. et se trouve maintenu en position déconnectée par un ressort.According to another characteristic of this embodiment, the first movable contact exerts a mechanical force on the third movable contact to move it towards the shunt position when the third coil is not powered and in that a spring return force applies a force on the third movable contact towards the disconnected position. and is held in the disconnected position by a spring.

Dans cette forme de réalisation, le troisième contact mobile est raccordé électriquement en permanence, via une résistance de limitation à la deuxième borne, de sorte que dans l'état intermédiaire la résistance de limitation est alimentée et dans l'état d'alimentation la résistance est court-circuitée. Cette caractéristique permet de commander dans l'état intermédiaire une rotation du moteur électrique avec une puissance plus faible que celle disponible dans l'état d'alimentation.In this embodiment, the third movable contact is permanently electrically connected via a limiting resistor to the second terminal, so that in the intermediate state the limiting resistor is energized and in the supply state the resistor is short-circuited. This characteristic allows controlling in the intermediate state a rotation of the electric motor with a lower power than that available in the power state.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la deuxième et/ou la troisième bobine est un micro-solénoïde.
Selon une variante de cette caractéristique, le deuxième et/ou le troisième contact mobile est formé par un étrier-contact comprenant deux mâchoires qui maintiennent entre elles le noyau du micro solénoïde qui est également situé entre les deux mâchoires. L'étrier-contact est alors de préférence adapté pour supporter le passage d'un courant de puissance.According to one characteristic of the invention, the second and / or third coil is a micro-solenoid.
According to a variant of this feature, the second and / or third movable contact is formed by a contact stirrup comprising two jaws which hold between them the core of the micro solenoid which is also located between the two jaws. The stirrup-contact is then preferably adapted to support the passage of a power current.

Selon une autre variante de cette caractéristique, le micro-solénoïde comprend une cuve faisant partie du circuit magnétique du micro-solénoïde et formant un logement pour la bobine du micro-solénoïde. La cuve est alors de préférence solidaire d'une paroi du commutateur.According to another variant of this characteristic, the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid. The tank is then preferably integral with a wall of the switch.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'étrier-contact est adapté pour supporter le passage d'un courant de puissance.According to one embodiment, the stirrup-contact is adapted to support the passage of a power current.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le micro-solénoïde comprend une cuve faisant partie du circuit magnétique du micro-solénoïde et formant logement pour la bobine du micro-solénoïde.According to one embodiment, the micro-solenoid comprises a vessel forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil of the micro-solenoid.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la cuve est solidaire du corps du commutateur.According to one embodiment, the tank is integral with the body of the switch.

L'invention à aussi trait à un démarreur électrique pour moteur à combustion interne comprenant :

  • un lanceur qui est entraîné en rotation par un moteur électrique et qui est mobile en translation axiale entre une position de repos et une position d'engagement avec des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne,
  • un commutateur électromagnétique décrit précédemment adapté pour, d'une part, piloter l'alimentation du moteur électrique et, d'autre part, contrôler le déplacement du lanceur entre ses positions de repos et d'engagement.
The invention also relates to an electric starter for an internal combustion engine comprising:
  • a launcher which is rotated by an electric motor and which is movable in axial translation between a rest position and an engagement position with drive means of the internal combustion engine,
  • an electromagnetic switch described above adapted to, on the one hand, control the power supply of the electric motor and, on the other hand, control the movement of the launcher between its rest and engagement positions.

L'invention à aussi trait à un système de démarreur comprenant un démarreur décrit précédemment, dans lequel la première bobine comprend

  • un enroulement d'appel ayant une borne de sortie reliée électriquement à la borne positive du moteur, et
  • un enroulement de maintien ayant une borne de sortie reliée électriquement avec la borne négative du moteur et une borne d'entrée reliée à une borne d'entrée de la bobine d'appel,
dans lequel le système comprend en outre :
  • une batterie électrique comprenant une borne positive reliée à la seconde borne du commutateur et une borne négative reliée à une borne du moteur électrique;
  • un premier interrupteur relié électriquement d'une première borne à la borne positive de la batterie et d'une deuxième borne aux enroulements de maintien et d'appel ;
  • un second interrupteur relié électriquement d'une première borne à la borne positive de la batterie, et d'une deuxième borne à la borne d'entrée de la seconde bobine, et
dans lequel la borne de sortie de la seconde bobine est reliée électriquement à la borne positive du moteur.The invention also relates to a starter system comprising a starter described above, wherein the first coil comprises
  • a call winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor, and
  • a holding winding having an output terminal electrically connected to the negative terminal of the motor and an input terminal connected to an input terminal of the call coil,
wherein the system further comprises:
  • an electric battery comprising a positive terminal connected to the second terminal of the switch and a negative terminal connected to a terminal of the electric motor;
  • a first switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and a second terminal to the holding and calling coils;
  • a second switch electrically connected from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery, and from a second terminal to the input terminal of the second coil, and
wherein the output terminal of the second coil is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the motor.

Selon une caractéristique le système décrit précédemment, la borne de sortie de la seconde bobine est raccordée à la borne de sortie de l'enroulement d'appel de la première bobine.According to a feature of the system described above, the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the winding of the first coil.

Selon une caractéristique le système décrit précédemment, la troisième bobine est raccordée entre le troisième contact et la borne de sortie de la première bobine.According to a characteristic of the system described above, the third coil is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil.

Bien entendu les différentes variantes et formes de réalisation de l'invention peuvent être associées les unes avec les autres selon diverses combinaisons dans la mesure où elles ne sont pas incompatibles ou exclusives les unes des autres.Of course, the various variants and embodiments of the invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.

Par ailleurs, diverses autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortent de la description annexée effectuée en référence aux dessins conforme à l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue partiellement arrachée d'un démarreur pour moteur thermique selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 est une coupe longitudinale schématique du commutateur électromagnétique du démarreur illustré figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est un schéma électrique d'un circuit d'alimentation du moteur électrique du démarreur illustré à la figure 1 incorporant le commutateur représenté à la figure 2.
  • La figure 4 est un schéma d'un ensemble multi-contacts constitutif du commutateur illustré figure 2 dans un état de repos.
  • La figure 5 est une vue de côté d'un micro-solénoïde constitutif d'une bobine d'un commutateur selon l'invention.
  • La figure 6 est une perspective éclatée du micro-solénoïde représenté figure 5.
  • Les figures 7 et 8 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 3 et 4 montrant un état d'engagement du commutateur illustré figure 2.
  • Les figures 9 et 10 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 3 et 4 montrant un état d'alimentation du commutateur illustré figure 2.
  • La figure 11 est une coupe longitudinale schématique d'une autre forme de réalisation du commutateur électromagnétique du démarreur illustré figure 1.
  • La figure 12 est un schéma électrique d'un circuit d'alimentation du moteur électrique du démarreur illustré à la figure 1 incorporant le commutateur représenté à la figure 11.
  • La figure 13 est un schéma d'un ensemble multi-contacts constitutif du commutateur illustré figure 11 dans un état de repos.
  • Les figures 14 et 15 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant un état d'engagement du commutateur illustré figure 11.
  • Les figures 16 et 17 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant un état intermédiaire du commutateur illustré figure 11.
  • Les figures 18 et 19 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant un état d'alimentation du commutateur illustré figure 11.
  • Les figures 20 et 21 sont des schémas analogues, respectivement, aux figures 12 et 13 montrant une autre forme de réalisation d'un commutateur selon l'invention dans un état de repos.
Il est à noter que sur ces figures les différents éléments structurels et/ou fonctionnels communs aux différentes variantes peuvent présenter les mêmes références alphanumériques.Moreover, various other features of the invention appear from the attached description with reference to the drawings according to the invention.
  • The figure 1 is a partially cutaway view of a starter for a heat engine according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated figure 1 .
  • The figure 3 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in figure 1 incorporating the switch shown in the figure 2 .
  • The figure 4 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the illustrated switch figure 2 in a state of rest.
  • The figure 5 is a side view of a micro-solenoid constituting a coil of a switch according to the invention.
  • The figure 6 is an exploded perspective of the micro-solenoid shown figure 5 .
  • The Figures 7 and 8 are similar schemes, respectively, to Figures 3 and 4 showing a state of engagement of the illustrated switch figure 2 .
  • The Figures 9 and 10 are similar schemes, respectively, to Figures 3 and 4 showing a power state of the illustrated switch figure 2 .
  • The figure 11 is a schematic longitudinal section of another embodiment of the electromagnetic switch of the starter illustrated figure 1 .
  • The figure 12 is a circuit diagram of a starter motor power supply circuit illustrated in figure 1 incorporating the switch shown in the figure 11 .
  • The figure 13 is a diagram of a multi-contact assembly constituting the illustrated switch figure 11 in a state of rest.
  • The Figures 14 and 15 are similar schemes, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing a state of engagement of the illustrated switch figure 11 .
  • The Figures 16 and 17 are similar schemes, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing an intermediate state of the illustrated switch figure 11 .
  • The Figures 18 and 19 are similar schemes, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing a power state of the illustrated switch figure 11 .
  • The Figures 20 and 21 are similar schemes, respectively, to Figures 12 and 13 showing another embodiment of a switch according to the invention in a state of rest.
It should be noted that in these figures the different structural and / or functional elements common to the different variants may have the same alphanumeric references.

Comme cela ressort de la figure 1, un démarreur D, selon l'invention, pour moteur thermique comprend une partie avant A comprenant un réducteur R sur lequel est fixé un moteur électrique M piloté par un commutateur électromagnétique C qui commande également un lanceur L intégré dans la partie avant A. Le lanceur L et le réducteur R forment ensemble des moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Le mode de réalisation, d'un tel démarreur D et de ses éléments constitutifs, sont bien connus de l'homme du métier de sorte que seuls les caractéristiques nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention seront décrites. Pour plus d'informations sur les détails de réalisation d'un démarreur qui ne seraient pas décrits par la suite, il est possible de se reporter aux documents FR 2 934 933 et 1933, FR 2 843 427 , WO 2005/054664 .As is apparent from the figure 1 , a starter D, according to the invention, for a heat engine comprises a front part A comprising a gear R on which is fixed an electric motor M controlled by an electromagnetic switch C which also controls a launcher L integrated in the front part A. The launcher L and the gearbox R together form drive means of the internal combustion engine. The embodiment of such a starter D and its constituent elements are well known to those skilled in the art so that only the characteristics necessary for understanding the invention will be described. For more information on the details of realization of a starter which would not be described later, it is possible to refer to the documents FR 2 934 933 and 1933, FR 2 843 427 , WO 2005/054664 .

Le commutateur électromagnétique C comprend, comme ce la ressort de figure 2, une première borne B1 et une deuxième borne B2 qui s'étendent à l'extérieur du corps 1 du commutateur C. La première borne B1 est, selon l'exemple illustré à la figure 3, destinée à être raccordée à un pôle d'une batterie 2, tandis que la deuxième borne B2 est destinée à être raccordée au moteur électrique M. Les bornes B1 et B2 appartiennent à un ensemble multi-contacts MC constitutif du commutateur C et représenté de façon schématique à la figure 4.The electromagnetic switch C comprises, as this the spring of figure 2 , a first terminal B1 and a second terminal B2 which extend outside the body 1 of the switch C. The first terminal B1 is, according to the example illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , intended to be connected to a pole of a battery 2, while the second terminal B2 is intended to be connected to the electric motor M. The terminals B1 and B2 belong to a multi-contact assembly MC constituting the switch C and shown in FIG. schematic way to the figure 4 .

Outre les bornes B1 et B2, l'ensemble multi-contact MC comprend un premier contact mobile C1 qui est situé entre les première et deuxième bornes B1 et B2. Le premier contact mobile C1 est actionné par un plongeur P1 d'une première bobine L1. Le plongeur P1 est également adapté pour déplacer le lanceur L entre ces positions de repos et d'engagement. La première bobine L1 comprend deux enroulements Em et Ea qui possèdent une extrémité commune raccordée à une unité de commande U. Un premier enroulement, dit de maintient, Em est, par ailleurs, raccordé directement à la masse du véhicule tandis que l'autre enroulement, dit d'appel, Ea est, par ailleurs, raccordé à la deuxième borne B2.In addition to the terminals B1 and B2, the multi-contact assembly MC comprises a first movable contact C1 which is located between the first and second terminals B1 and B2. The first movable contact C1 is actuated by a plunger P1 of a first coil L1. The plunger P1 is also adapted to move the launcher L between these rest and engagement positions. The first coil L1 comprises two windings Em and Ea which have a common end connected to a control unit U. A first winding, said maintains, Em is, moreover, connected directly to the vehicle while the other winding , called call, Ea is, moreover, connected to the second terminal B2.

L'ensemble multi-contact MC comprend également un deuxième contact mobile C2 qui est situé entre le premier contact mobile C1 et la deuxième borne B2. Le deuxième contact mobile C2 est déplacé par le noyau P2 d'une deuxième bobine L2 qui est raccordée, d'une part, à l'unité de commande U et, d'autre part, à la deuxième borne B2.The multi-contact assembly MC also comprises a second movable contact C2 which is situated between the first movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2. The second moving contact C2 is displaced by the core P2 of a second coil L2 which is connected, on the one hand, to the control unit U and, on the other hand, to the second terminal B2.

Selon l'exemple illustré et comme le montre plus particulièrement les figures 5 et 6, le deuxième contact mobile C2 présente la forme d'un étrier en U comprenant deux branches parallèles 10 et 11 reliées par une âme 12 sensiblement parallèle à la deuxième bobine L2. Le deuxième contact mobile C2 est de préférence réalisé dans un matériau présentant de très bonnes caractéristiques de conductivité électrique, tel que du cuivre de manière à un supporter sans échauffement le passage d'un courant de forte intensité.According to the illustrated example and as shown more particularly Figures 5 and 6 , the second movable contact C2 has the shape of a U-shaped stirrup comprising two parallel branches 10 and 11 connected by a core 12 substantially parallel to the second coil L2. The second movable contact C2 is preferably made of a material having very good characteristics of electrical conductivity, such as copper so as to withstand without heating the passage of a high intensity current.

La deuxième bobine L2 est alors réalisée sous la forme d'un micro-solénoïde 9 comprenant le noyau mobile P2 qui est enserré par les deux branches 10 et 11 du deuxième contact mobile C2 en étant sensiblement parallèle à son âme 12. Le noyau mobile P2 est, par exemple, réalisé en fer doux de manière à pouvoir être aimanté et à présenter de bonnes caractéristiques de conductivité électrique. Le noyau mobile P2 est entouré par la deuxième bobine L2 qui est disposée à l'intérieur d'une cuve 14. Par ailleurs, cette cuve 14 est liée au corps 2 de manière à être immobilisée en translation parallèlement à l'axe Δ de la bobine et de translation du noyau P2. Le micro-solénoïde 9 comprend enfin un ressort 15 interposé entre la cuve 14 et la branche inférieure 11 du contact mobile C2.The second coil L2 is then made in the form of a micro-solenoid 9 comprising the movable core P2 which is clamped by the two branches 10 and 11 of the second movable contact C2 being substantially parallel to its core 12. The mobile core P2 is, for example, made of soft iron so that it can be magnetized and have good electrical conductivity characteristics. The mobile core P2 is surrounded by the second coil L2 which is disposed inside a tank 14. Furthermore, this tank 14 is connected to the body 2 so as to be immobilized in translation parallel to the axis Δ of the coil and translation of the core P2. The micro-solenoid 9 finally comprises a spring 15 interposed between the tank 14 and the lower branch 11 of the movable contact C2.

L'unité de commande U comprend un premier interrupteur I1 dédié à l'alimentation de la première bobine L1 et un deuxième interrupteur I2 dédié à l'alimentation de la deuxième bobine L2.The control unit U comprises a first switch I1 dedicated to supplying the first coil L1 and a second switch I2 dedicated to feeding the second coil L2.

Les bornes de sorties de la deuxième et la première bobines sont reliées électriquement ensemble.The output terminals of the second and the first coils are electrically connected together.

Le commutateur C tel qu'ainsi constitué fonctionne de la manière suivante.The switch C as thus constituted operates in the following manner.

Dans un état de repos, les deux interrupteurs I1 et I2 étant ouverts et aucun courant ne circulant dans les bobines L1 et L2, le premier contact mobile C1 est en position de repos R et le deuxième contact mobile C2 est en position déconnectée D comme cela est illustré à la figure 3.In a state of rest, the two switches I1 and I2 being open and no current flowing in the coils L1 and L2, the first movable contact C1 is in the rest position R and the second movable contact C2 is in the disconnected position D like this is illustrated at the figure 3 .

Lorsqu'un démarrage du moteur du véhicule incorporant le démarreur selon l'invention est souhaité, le commutateur C est placé dans un état d'engagement plus particulièrement illustré aux figures 7 et 8. À cet effet, le premier interrupteur I1 et le deuxième interrupteur I2 sont fermés.When starting the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to the invention is desired, the switch C is placed in a state of engagement more particularly illustrated in FIGS. Figures 7 and 8 . For this purpose, the first switch I1 and the second switch I2 are closed.

La première bobine L1 est alors alimentée de sorte que son plongeur P1 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F1. Le plongeur P1 vient placer le premier contact mobile C1 en position d'engagement E dans laquelle il se trouve en contact mécanique et électrique avec la première borne B1 ainsi qu'avec le deuxième contact mobile C2. L'alimentation de la deuxième bobine L2 retient le deuxième contact mobile C2 dans la position déconnectée D pour empêcher que le contact mobile C1 déplace le contact mobile C2 vers la position connectée.The first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1. The plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal B1 as well as with the second movable contact C2. The supply of the second coil L2 holds the second movable contact C2 in the disconnected position D to prevent the movable contact C1 moves the movable contact C2 to the connected position.

Le mouvement du plongeur P1 a en outre déplacé le lanceur L dans une position d'engagement avec les moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne.The movement of the plunger P1 has further moved the launcher L into an engagement position with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.

À partir de l'état d'engagement, le commutateur C peut être placé dans un état d'alimentation, tel qu'illustré aux figures 9 et 10. À cet effet, le deuxième interrupteur I2 est ouvert de sorte que la deuxième bobine L2 n'est plus alimentée ce qui entraîne une translation, dans le sens de la flèche F3, de son noyau P2 plaçant ainsi le deuxième contact mobile C2 en position connectée Cx dans laquelle il est en contact mécanique et électrique avec la deuxième borne B2. Le commutateur comprend en outre un ressort de maintien W illustré sur la figure 1 qui applique une force sur le contact C1 mobile en direction de la position allimentée et qui applique aussi une force sur le contact mobile C2 par le biais du contact mobile C1 vers la position connectée.From the commitment state, the switch C may be placed in a power state, as illustrated in FIG. Figures 9 and 10 . For this purpose, the second switch I2 is open so that the second coil L2 is no longer powered which causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F3, of its core P2 thus placing the second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2. The switch further comprises a holding spring W illustrated on the figure 1 which applies a force on the movable contact C1 in the direction of the fed position and which also applies a force on the movable contact C2 through the movable contact C1 to the connected position.

Ainsi les premier C1 et deuxième C2 contacts mobiles assurent une continuité électrique entre les première et deuxième bornes B1 et B2 de sorte que le moteur électrique M du démarreur est alimenté et peut assurer l'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne.Thus the first C1 and second C2 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the motor Electric motor starter M is powered and can provide the drive of the internal combustion engine.

Le ressort de rappel 15 exerce une force ramenant le contact mobile en position déconnectée lorsque la plaquette de contact se déplace vers la position de repos.The return spring 15 exerts a force bringing the movable contact back into the disconnected position when the contact plate moves towards the rest position.

Il est à noter que le premier contact C1 ne se place parfaitement dans sa position d'engagement que lorsque que le lanceur L engrène convenablement les moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne. Ainsi, le moteur électrique M n'est alimenté que si, d'une part, le deuxième interrupteur I2 est fermé et, d'autre part, le lanceur L est convenablement engagé.It should be noted that the first contact C1 is placed perfectly in its engagement position only when the launcher L properly meshes the drive means of the internal combustion engine. Thus, the electric motor M is powered only if, on the one hand, the second switch I2 is closed and, on the other hand, the launcher L is properly engaged.

Il doit en outre être remarqué que dans cet état d'alimentation l'enroulement d'appel Ea est court-circuité tandis que la deuxième bobine L2 n'est pas alimentée de sorte qu'un maximum de puissance électrique est disponible pour le moteur électrique M.It should further be noted that in this power state the Ea call winding is short-circuited while the second L2 coil is not energized so that a maximum of electric power is available for the electric motor Mr.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation non représentée, le contact mobile est agencé entre le contact mobile C1 et la deuxième borne B2. Le fonctionnement reste identique au mode décrit précédemment.According to another variant of embodiment not shown, the movable contact is arranged between the movable contact C1 and the second terminal B2. The operation remains identical to the mode described above.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le commutateur C comprend, comme le montrent les figures 11 à 13, un troisième contact mobile C3 qui est situé entre la première borne B1 et le premier contact mobile C1. Ce troisième contact mobile C3 est actionné par le noyau P3 d'une troisième bobine B3 réalisée comme la deuxième bobine B2 sous la forme d'un micro solénoïde tel qu'illustré aux figures 5 et 6 de sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire d'en décrire plus avant la constitution.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the switch C comprises, as shown by the Figures 11 to 13 a third movable contact C3 which is located between the first terminal B1 and the first movable contact C1. This third movable contact C3 is actuated by the core P3 of a third coil B3 formed as the second coil B2 in the form of a micro solenoid as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 5 and 6 so that it is not necessary to describe any more before the constitution.

Selon une variante de réalisation, le deuxième contact mobile C2 est en outre accordé de manière permanente à la deuxième borne B2 par une tresse souple T incorporant une résistance de limitation de courant R.According to an alternative embodiment, the second movable contact C2 is further permanently tuned to the second terminal B2 by a flexible braid T incorporating a current limiting resistor R.

Comme le montre la figure 12, La troisième bobine L3 est raccordée, d'une part, à la deuxième bobine L2 et, d'autre part, au premier interrupteur I1 de l'unité de commande U tandis que la deuxième bobine L2 est raccordée à la deuxième borne B2 via la résistance de limitation R. Le deuxième interrupteur I2 de l'unité de commande U est en outre raccordé à la ligne reliant la deuxième bobine L2 à la troisième bobine L3. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le deuxième contact mobile se déplace d'une position déconnectée à une position de shuntage, appelé aussi court-circuité, correspondant au mode de réalisation décrit précédemment par la position connectée. Dans la position de shuntage la résistance R est court-circuitée.As shown in figure 12 The third coil L3 is connected, on the one hand, to the second coil L2 and, on the other hand, to the first switch I1 of the control unit U while the second coil L2 is connected to the second terminal B2 via the limiting resistor R. The second switch I2 of the control unit U is further connected to the line connecting the second coil L2 to the third coil L3. In this embodiment, the second moving contact moves from one position disconnected at a shunt position, also called short-circuit, corresponding to the embodiment previously described by the connected position. In the shunt position the resistor R is short-circuited.

Le commutateur tel qu'ainsi constitué fonctionne de la manière suivante.The switch as so constituted operates in the following manner.

Dans l'état de repos, tel qu'illustré aux figures 12 et 13, les interrupteurs I1 et I2 étant ouverts, le premier contact mobile C1 est en position de repos tandis que les deuxième et troisième contacts mobile C2, C3 sont en position de déconnectée, par le biais des ressort de rappel 15 illsutré sur la figure 6. Les contacts mobiles C1 à C3 et les bornes B1 et B2 sont alors isolés électriquement les uns des autres. La résistance R relie électriquement le contact mobile C3 à la borne positive du moteur électrique.In the state of rest, as illustrated in Figures 12 and 13 , the switches I1 and I2 being open, the first moving contact C1 is in the rest position while the second and third movable contacts C2, C3 are in the disconnected position, through the return spring 15 illsutrated on the figure 6 . The movable contacts C1 to C3 and terminals B1 and B2 are then electrically isolated from each other. The resistor R electrically connects the movable contact C3 to the positive terminal of the electric motor.

Lorsqu'un démarrage du moteur du véhicule incorporant le démarreur selon cette variante est souhaité, le commutateur C est placé dans un état d'engagement plus particulièrement illustré aux figures 14 et 15. À cet effet, le premier interrupteur I1 est fermé, le deuxième interrupteur I2 restant ouvert.When a starting of the vehicle engine incorporating the starter according to this variant is desired, the switch C is placed in a state of engagement more particularly illustrated in FIGS. Figures 14 and 15 . For this purpose, the first switch I1 is closed, the second switch I2 remains open.

La première bobine L1 est alors alimentée de sorte que son plongeur P1 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F1. Le plongeur P1 vient placer le premier contact mobile C1 en position d'engagement E dans laquelle il se trouve en contact mécanique et électrique avec le deuxième contact mobile C2 et troisième contact mobile C3. La deuxième bobine L2 et la troisième bobine L2 sont également alimentées ce qui maintien le deuxième contact mobile C2 et le troisième contact mobile C3 dans la position déconnectée par le biais d'une force magnétique représentée par les flèches F2. Le mouvement du plongeur P1 a en outre placé le lanceur L dans une position d'engagement avec les moyens d'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne.The first coil L1 is then energized so that its plunger P1 moves in the direction of the arrow F1. The plunger P1 places the first movable contact C1 in the engagement position E in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3. The second coil L2 and the third coil L2 are also energized which holds the second movable contact C2 and the third movable contact C3 in the disconnected position by means of a magnetic force represented by the arrows F2. The movement of the plunger P1 has also placed the launcher L in an engagement position with the drive means of the internal combustion engine.

À partir de l'état d'engagement, le commutateur C peut être placé dans un état intermédiaire, tel qu'illustré aux figures 16 et 17. À cet effet, le deuxième interrupteur I2 est fermé de sorte que la troisième bobine L3 est court-circuitée et n'est donc plus alimentée. Le défaut d'alimentation de la troisième bobine L3 entraîne une translation, dans le sens de la flèche F4, de son noyau P3 plaçant ainsi le troisième contact mobile C3 en position connectée Cx dans laquelle il est en contact mécanique et électrique avec la première borne B1. La deuxième bobine L2 est en parrallèle avec l'enroullement d'appel Ea est reste donc allimentée pour maintenir le deuxième contact mobile en position déconnectée.From the commitment state, the switch C can be placed in an intermediate state, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 16 and 17 . For this purpose, the second switch I2 is closed so that the third coil L3 is short-circuited and is no longer powered. The lack of supply of the third coil L3 causes a translation, in the direction of the arrow F4, of its core P3 thus placing the third movable contact C3 in the connected position Cx in which it is in mechanical and electrical contact with the first terminal B1. The second coil L2 is in parallel with the winding Ea call is still remains in order to maintain the second movable contact in the disconnected position.

Dans cet état intermédiaire le moteur électrique M se trouve alimenté via la résistance de limitation R de sorte qu'il tourne à vitesse et à puissance réduite.In this intermediate state the electric motor M is powered via the limiting resistor R so that it rotates at a reduced speed and power.

À partir de l'état intermédiaire, le commutateur C peut être placé dans un état d'alimentation tel qu'illustré aux figures 18 et 19. À cet effet le deuxième interrupteur I2 est ouvert est ouvert de sorte que l'alimentation de l'enroulement d'appel Ea au moins de la première bobine L1 est coupée ainsi que l'alimentation des deuxième et troisième bobines B2 et B3 afin de ne plus retenir le contact mobile C2 et que celui-ci se déplace sous l'effet du ressort de maintien W qui applique une force F5 en direction de la position connectée Cx par le biais du contact mobile C1. Le deuxième contact mobile C2 en position connectée Cx est donc en contact mécanique et électrique avec la deuxième borne B2.From the intermediate state, the switch C can be placed in a power state as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 18 and 19 . For this purpose the second switch I2 is open is open so that the supply of the call winding Ea at least of the first coil L1 is cut off as well as the supply of the second and third coils B2 and B3 in order not to more retaining the movable contact C2 and that it moves under the effect of the holding spring W which applies a force F5 towards the connected position Cx through the movable contact C1. The second movable contact C2 in connected position Cx is in mechanical and electrical contact with the second terminal B2.

Ainsi dans cet état d'alimentation, les premier C1, deuxième C2 et troisième C3 contacts mobiles assurent une continuité électrique entre les première et deuxième bornes B1 et B2 de sorte que le moteur électrique M du démarreur est alimenté à pleine puissance et peut assurer l'entraînement du moteur à combustion interne.Thus, in this power state, the first C1, second C2 and third C3 movable contacts provide electrical continuity between the first and second terminals B1 and B2 so that the electric motor M starter is powered at full power and can ensure drive of the internal combustion engine.

Dans cet état d'alimentation, il suffit, pour interrompre l'alimentation du moteur électrique M, d'ouvrir le premier interrupteur. En effet, l'enroullement de maintien est désalimenté entraînant un retour en arrière du plongeur P1 par le biais d'un ou plusieurs ressorts de rappel et donc entraînant un retour à la position déconnectée des deuxième et troisième contact mobile C2 et C3 par le biais de leurs ressort de rappel 15 réciproque.In this power state, it is sufficient, to interrupt the power supply of the electric motor M, to open the first switch. Indeed, the holding winding is de-energized causing a return of the plunger P1 by means of one or more return springs and thus causing a return to the disconnected position of the second and third movable contact C2 and C3 through of their reciprocal return spring.

Le deuxième contact mobile C2 est relié en permanence à la deuxième borne par une tresse T comprenant la résistance R.The second movable contact C2 is permanently connected to the second terminal by a braid T comprising the resistor R.

Cependant, une telle liaison permanente n'est pas nécessaire à la l'invention.Selon un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, la sortie de la deuxième bobine L2et l'entrée de la troisième bobine L3 (ou vice vers-ça) ne sont pas raccordé électriquement ensemble. Dans ce mode de réalisation, il est nécessaire d'avoir un troisième interrupteur pour commander le troisième contact mobile. Ainsi, l'avantage du mode de réalisation décrit permet de gagner en volume puisqu'il n'utilise que deux contacts mobiles.However, such a permanent connection is not necessary for the invention. According to another embodiment not shown, the output of the second coil L2and the input of the third coil L3 (or vice versa) are not not electrically connected together. In this embodiment, it is necessary to have a third switch to control the third movable contact. So, the advantage of the embodiment described allows to gain in volume since it uses only two movable contacts.

Bien entendu, diverses autres modifications peuvent être apportées à l'invention dans le cadre des revendications annexées.Of course, various other modifications may be made to the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

  1. Electromagnetic switch for the starter of a heat engine comprising:
    - a first terminal (B1),
    - a second terminal (B2),
    - a first mobile contact (C1) which is situated between the first and second terminals (B1, B2), and which is mobile between a rest position and a power supply position,
    - an adjustable core (P1), of a first coil (L1), intended to actuate a system for operating a drive assembly (L) of the starter, controlling the displacement of the first mobile contact (C1), characterized by
    - a second mobile contact (C2) which is situated between the first mobile contact (C1) and the second terminal (B2) and which is mobile, between a disconnected position and a connected position, by a core (P2) of a second coil (L2) and a spring,
    the switch being able to be placed, depending on the power supply of the coils, in three operating states:
    - a rest state in which the first mobile contact (C1) is electrically isolated from the two terminals (B1, B2) and in that the two terminals are isolated from one another,
    - a state of engagement in which:
    - the first mobile contact (C1) is in a position of engagement between the power supply position and the rest position and is in electrical contact with the first electrical terminal (B1),
    - the second mobile contact (C2) is in the rest position and in electrical and mechanical contact with the first mobile contact (C1),
    - the second terminal (B2) is electrically isolated from the mobile contacts and from the first terminal (B1),
    - a power supply state in which:
    - the first mobile contact (C1) is in the power supply position and is in electrical contact with the second terminal through the second mobile contact (C2) and is in electrical contact with the first terminal (B1), and
    - the second mobile contact (C2) is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second terminal (B2).
  2. Electromagnetic switch according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second mobile contact (C2) is in the connected position when the second coil (L2) is powered and in the disconnected position when the second coil (L2) is deactivated and in that a spring returns the mobile contact to the disconnected position.
  3. Electromagnetic switch according to Claim 1, characterized in that the second mobile contact (C2) is in the disconnected position when the second coil (L2) is powered, and in the connected position when the second coil (L2) is deactivated and in that the second mobile contact (C2) is held in the connected position by a spring.
  4. Electromagnetic switch according to Claim 1 or 3, characterized in that it comprises
    - a third mobile contact (C3) which is situated between the first mobile contact (C1) and the first terminal (B1) and which is displaced, between a disconnected position and a shunting position, by a core (P3) of a third coil and a spring, and
    - a limiting resistor (R) electrically mounted between the first terminal (B1) and the third mobile contact (C3),
    - in which, in the rest position, the third mobile contact (C3) is electrically isolated from the other two mobile contacts (C1, C2),
    - in the state of engagement, the first mobile contact (C1) is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third mobile contact (C3), and in that the third mobile contact (C3) is in the disconnected position mechanically isolated from the third terminal and is electrically linked to the first terminal (B1) through the limiting resistor (R),
    - in the power supply state, the first mobile contact (C1) is in electrical and mechanical contact with the third mobile contact (C3), the third mobile contact (C3) is in the connected position and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the first terminal (B1) shunting the resistor,
    and in which, the switch is capable of switching to an intermediate state in which:
    - the first mobile contact (C1) is in the position of engagement and is in electrical and mechanical contact with the second and third mobile contacts (C2, C3),
    - the third mobile contact (C3) is in the disconnected position and is in electrical contact with the first terminal (B1) though the limiting resistor (R), and
    - the second mobile contact (C2) is in the connected position and is electrically linked to the second terminal (B2).
  5. Electromagnetic switch according to Claim 4, characterized in that the third mobile contact (C3) is in the disconnected position when the third coil (L3) is activated.
  6. Electromagnetic switch according to one of the two preceding claims, in which the first mobile contact (C1) exerts a mechanical force on the third mobile contact (C3) to displace it towards the shunting position when the third coil (L3) is not powered and in that a return spring (15) applies a force to the third mobile contact (C3) towards the disconnected position.
  7. Switch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second (L2) and/or the third (L3) coil is a micro-solenoid.
  8. Switch according to Claim 7, characterized in that the second (C2) and/or the third (C3) mobile contact is formed by a stirrup contact (C2) comprising two branches (10, 11) which hold between them the core (13) of the micro-solenoid which is also situated between the two jaws.
  9. Switch according to Claim 8, characterized in that the stirrup contact is suitable for supporting the passage of a power current.
  10. Switch according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the micro-solenoid comprises a pot (14) forming part of the magnetic circuit of the micro-solenoid and forming a housing for the coil (L2) of the micro-solenoid.
  11. Switch according to Claim 10, characterized in that the pot (14) is secured to the body (2) of the switch.
  12. Electric starter for internal combustion motor comprising:
    - a drive assembly (L) which is driven in rotation by an electric motor (M) and which is mobile in axial translation between a rest position and a position of engagement with driving means of the internal combustion motor,
    - an electromagnetic switch (C) according to one of the preceding claims suitable for, on the one hand, controlling the powering of the electric motor (M) and, on the other hand, controlling the displacement of the drive assembly (L) between its rest and engagement positions.
  13. Starter system comprising a starter according to the preceding claim, in which the first coil comprises
    - a pull-in winding (Ea) having an output terminal linked electrically to the positive terminal of the engine, and
    - a holding winding (Em) having an output terminal linked electrically with the negative terminal of the engine and an input terminal linked to an input terminal of the pull-in coil,
    in which the system further comprises:
    - an electric battery comprising a positive terminal linked to the second terminal of the switch and a negative terminal linked to a terminal of the electric motor;
    - a first switch (I1) linked electrically from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery and from a second terminal to the holding and pull-in windings;
    - a second switch (12) linked electrically from a first terminal to the positive terminal of the battery, and from a second terminal to the input terminal of the second coil (L2), and
    in which the output terminal of the second coil is linked electrically to the positive terminal of the motor.
  14. System according to the preceding claim, in which the output terminal of the second coil is connected to the output terminal of the pull-in winding (Ea) of the first coil (L1).
  15. System according to the preceding claim in which the third coil (L3) is connected between the third contact and the output terminal of the first coil (L1).
EP12816771.5A 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine Not-in-force EP2795651B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1162255A FR2985084B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCH FOR THERMAL ENGINE STARTER COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO MOVING CONTACTS
PCT/FR2012/053051 WO2013093371A1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine

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EP2795651A1 EP2795651A1 (en) 2014-10-29
EP2795651B1 true EP2795651B1 (en) 2015-11-18

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EP12816760.8A Not-in-force EP2795650B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Multi-contactor device, in particular for controlling an electric starter
EP12816771.5A Not-in-force EP2795651B1 (en) 2011-12-22 2012-12-21 Electromagnetic switch including at least two mobile contacts for the starter of a heat engine

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EP (2) EP2795650B1 (en)
KR (2) KR20140110961A (en)
CN (2) CN104126215B (en)
BR (2) BR112014014275A2 (en)
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WO (2) WO2013093371A1 (en)

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CN104126216B (en) 2016-05-11
KR20140110959A (en) 2014-09-17
BR112014014250A2 (en) 2017-06-13
BR112014014275A2 (en) 2017-06-13
EP2795650A1 (en) 2014-10-29
EP2795651A1 (en) 2014-10-29
WO2013093365A1 (en) 2013-06-27
WO2013093371A1 (en) 2013-06-27
FR2985084A1 (en) 2013-06-28
EP2795650B1 (en) 2015-11-18
CN104126216A (en) 2014-10-29
US20140373801A1 (en) 2014-12-25
FR2985084B1 (en) 2015-03-13
KR20140110961A (en) 2014-09-17
US9470199B2 (en) 2016-10-18
US9599087B2 (en) 2017-03-21
CN104126215A (en) 2014-10-29
KR101903832B1 (en) 2018-10-02
US20140345554A1 (en) 2014-11-27
CN104126215B (en) 2017-06-30

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