Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
  • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
  • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
  • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
  • B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
  • B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
  • B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
  • B24B9/10—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
  • B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
  • B24D9/08—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material
  • B24D9/10—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material with suction means for securing the material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a new glass forming grinding wheel, in particular so-called 'flat' glass (sheet glass or glazing, whether the sheet is flat or curved in particular), in particular so-called “thin” glass (of lower thickness or equal to 2.6 mm, in particular less than or equal to 2.1 mm), and where appropriate of the so-called “thick” glass, that is to say with a thickness greater than 2.6 mm (in particular between 2.6 mm and 4 mm). ), especially in the automotive field, said grinding wheel being intended in particular for shaping vehicle glazing such as windshields, glazing for roofs or laminated side glazing, or where appropriate rear-window type, etc.
• 'flat' glass sheet glass or glazing, whether the sheet is flat or curved in particular
• so-called “thin” glass of lower thickness or equal to 2.6 mm, in particular less than or equal to 2.1 mm
• the so-called “thick” glass that is to say with a thickness greater than 2.6 mm (in particular between 2.6 mm and 4 mm).
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing said grinding wheel and its use for shaping glazing as mentioned above, in particular for motor vehicles, or any other glass, in particular having a thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm, in particular thickness less than or equal to 2.6 mm.
• the invention furthermore relates to a new process for shaping glass, in particular for shaping automotive glazings, using this wheel and notably making it possible to achieve shaping speeds of greater than or equal to 30 m / min.
• the invention relates to the field of processing flat glass. Grinding wheels have been specially developed for the automotive field, but can be used for any glass application using glasses of the same thickness. These glass-type hard material forming grinding wheels are made of abrasive materials, such as synthetic diamonds which, due to their high hardness and heat resistance properties, can cut many materials. These diamonds or abrasive materials are generally found in a matrix or binder, generally metallic (especially cobalt base), this assembly for shaping generally surrounding a central core, for example metal (in particular stainless steel or stainless steel), and also being inserted where appropriate between two metal parts may in particular strengthen its mechanical strength, facilitate its fixing, allow balancing, etc. A grinding wheel for glass is described in particular in the document US2004 / 023599 .
• the shaping advance speed (in m / min)
• the quality of the shaping joint (evaluated by observing the concentration and size of the scales induced by shaping , the quality of the seal requested depending on the specifications set by the car manufacturer and being evaluated in the present application by a reference device GQM marketed by the company Bystronic Maschinen AG, this device calculating the size and concentration of the scales), the durability of the grinding wheel, and the frequency of grinding of the grinding wheel (the brightening generally consisting in cleaning the grinding wheel and resurfacing the diamonds, this operation inducing a loss of time and abrasive wear of the grinding wheel. its metallic binder).
• the shaping advance speed is usually less than or equal to 20 - 22 m / min on average, and the brightening frequency is generally of the order of brightening every 90 to 135 m of shaped glass (ie all 20 or 30 glasses for glass perimeters of the order of 4.5 m).
• the present invention has therefore sought to develop a new glass forming grinding wheel, particularly flat, including thin glass, or thick glass, adapted to the automotive field in particular, allowing among other things the shaping of monolithic glasses used in laminated glazing such as windshields, laminated glazing for roofs or automotive side laminated glazing, or the shaping of any other glass (or glass material) with a thickness of not more than 4 mm, in particular thickness less than or equal to 2.6 mm (thin glass), or even less than or equal to 2.1 mm, said grinding wheel making it possible to increase the forming feedrate (in particular to obtain a forming feedrate) greater than or equal to 30m / min), without however presenting the disadvantages or incompatibilities seen previously, in particular making it possible to maintain a good quality of the forming joint (in particular a number of visible defects, ie a number of defects greater than 250 ⁇ m in length on the surface of the glass, less than 7 per decimeter), while offering a service life equal to at least 50 km of shaped joint, with a bright
• a shaping wheel intended for shaping glass, in particular flat glass, with a thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm, in particular with a thickness of between 1.6 and 3.85 m, and particularly of thin glass, with a thickness of less than or equal to 2.6 mm, in particular with a thickness of between 1.6 and 2.6 mm, but also, where appropriate, thick glass, of a thickness in particular of between 2.6 and 3.85 mm, this wheel being suitable and advantageously intended for high speed forming, this grinding wheel comprising at least one abrasive portion for forming, said abrasive portion being formed of at least one metal binder (at least one metal, which binder is advantageously an alloy in the present invention) and diamonds distributed in the binder, said binder having a Rockwell B hardness of between 95 and 105 and being based on tungsten, and diamonds having a size of between 75 and 95 ⁇ m and a concentration of between 2.2 ct / cm 3 and 2.64 ct
• Bronze is formed for 75 to 85% by weight of copper and for 15 to 25% by weight of tin.
• the grinding wheel according to the invention is particularly suitable for shaping flat glass, as indicated above, especially flat glass from a float (or obtained by float process), in particular sheet glass or glazing used in the automotive field, and in particular for shaping thin glass, with a thickness of less than or equal to 2.6 mm, in particular less than or equal to 2.1 mm (especially shaping of laminated glazings intended to form windshields, roofs or laminated sides, etc.), but where appropriate it is also suitable with advantages for shaping thick (flat) glass, in particular between 2.6 and 4 mm thick, in particular between 2.6 and 3.85 mm (shaping of glass sheets or glazings used as monolithic glasses in the automotive field to form for example rear glasses, roofs, automotive side windows, etc.).
• the grinding wheel according to the invention is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to form at speeds of advance equal to at least 30 m / min, while maintaining a good seal quality, a brightening frequency not exceeding brightening all the 90 m and a lifetime equal to at least 50 km of shaped glass.
• the combination of features mentioned in the definition of the invention makes it possible to increase the forming speed without suffering the aforementioned drawbacks.
• the grinding wheel according to the invention is generally in the form of a disc having a diameter of between 130 and 250 mm, for example of the order of 150 mm, formed of a central (annular) central core (for example made of stainless steel or stainless steel) and a peripheral crown (or ring) (surrounding the core on the edge) having a portion (usually median) abrasive, embedded between two metal parts (usually stainless steel as the core).
• a central (annular) central core for example made of stainless steel or stainless steel
• a peripheral crown (or ring) surrounding the core on the edge having a portion (usually median) abrasive, embedded between two metal parts (usually stainless steel as the core).
• the wheel is obtained by assembling the metal parts, already having essentially shaped (all the aforesaid parts except the abrasive part), and adding in the space between the peripheral metal parts, the abrasive mixture (the binder, in the form of a mixture of metal powders, and diamonds), then heating the assembly under pressure to effect the sintering of the binder and the cohesion of the different parts together.
• the abrasive mixture the binder, in the form of a mixture of metal powders, and diamonds
• One or more profiles (usually two or more profiles are provided in the thickness or on the edge of the abrasive part) suitable for the intended shaping (for example at least one profile required to obtain a rounded edge on the edge of a glazing unit ) can then be given to the abrasive part on its apparent edge, for example by electroerosion, these profiles being subsequently revived or maintained using appropriate brightening sticks (these sticks are generally based on alumina).
• the thickness of the abrasive part for the preferred automotive applications referred to is generally between 6.4 and 10 mm, the depth of the abrasive part inside the grinding wheel (up to the metal core) being generally of the same order (between 6.4 and 10 mm).
• the binder of the abrasive part is chosen so as to have a Rockwell hardness B of between 95 and 105, this hardness being measured according to EN ISO 6508-1, the hardness being linked in particular to the composition of the binder and influencing especially on the life of the grinding wheel and the frequency of brightening.
• the binder is based on tungsten, tungsten being its major component, the binder in particular being formed (from) at least 58% (and preferably at least 59%). %, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 61%) and preferably at most 75% by weight of (tungsten) powder, the size of the tungsten particles / of said powder not exceeding advantageously 100 ⁇ m.
• the binder is obtained from the mixture of the following components (metals), their cohesion in particular being obtained by sintering as mentioned above): - (powder of) tungsten 58-75%, especially 59-75%, - (powder of) bronze 30-37%, especially 28-33% - (powder of) chrome 0.5-5%, especially around 1% - (powder of) nickel 0.5-5%, in particular about 1%, the bronze being formed for 75 to 85% by weight of copper and for 15 to 25% by weight of tin, in particular formed of about 80% of copper and 20% of tin.
• the size of the bronze particles is advantageously chosen to be less than 100 ⁇ m, that of the chromium particles is chosen to be less than 50 ⁇ m, and that of the nickel particles is chosen to be less than 50 ⁇ m.
• the tungsten content may be higher if it is used for shaping thick glass than for thin glass in the present invention, for example being of the order of 61 to 75%, for example of the order of 65 to 65%. 70%, in the case of thick glass in particular, or may be rather of the order of 59 to 70%, for example of the order of 59 to 65%, in particular in the case of thin glass.
• the binder thus selected contributes in particular to obtain the brightening frequency and the desired lifetime.
• the diamonds present in the abrasive part are generally synthetic. Their size (expressed as the arithmetic average of the diameters of the circles or spheres in which the diamonds are inscribed and generally evaluated by screening, in particular according to the ANSI B74-16 or FEPA standard) is chosen in the present invention between 75 and 95 ⁇ m ( or between 180 and 240 mesh, the correspondence between the mesh size and the size in ⁇ m being evaluated according to the FEPA (European Federation of Abrasive Manufacturers) standard).
• the concentration of said diamonds according to the invention (generally evaluated by weighing during the manufacture of the grinding wheel) is also between 2.2 ct / cm 3 (that is to say, karats per cm 3 ) and 2.64 ct / cm.
• the diamonds are chosen provided (for the majority of them, particularly at less than 90% and preferably 100%) of at least one coating (in particular one or more layers) of titanium or, if appropriate, titanium-based, the titanium content being preferably between 2 and 10% by weight of said titanium; coated diamond (for example being of the order of 6% by weight).
• This coating or coating is in particular on diamonds before manufacture of the grinding wheel, for example by physical deposition under vacuum of thin film in the vapor phase (PVD deposition - or "physical vapor deposition” -, for example by sputtering) or by electrodeposition or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on diamonds prior to their use to manufacture the wheel according to the invention.
• PVD deposition - or "physical vapor deposition" - for example by sputtering
• CVD chemical vapor deposition
• the grinding wheel according to the invention makes it possible to form at speeds of advance equal to at least 30 m / min; we can call it high-speed grinding.
• the subject of the invention is also a new method (or a new operation) for shaping glass, in particular for shaping glass sheets or glazings, in particular for automobiles such as those used to form windshields, glazings for roofs or for side windows, with a thickness of less than or equal to 4 mm, in particular less than or equal to 2.6 mm, in particular less than or equal to 2.1 mm, using the aforementioned grinding wheel and thus making it possible, in particular, to achieve forward speeds of shaping greater than or equal to 30 m / min.
• this method is also characterized by a ratio of the rotational speed of the grinding wheel (in m / min, this rotational speed generally ranging between 2400 and 4200 m / min) on the feed speed of shaping (in m / min, that is to say in meters of glass formed per minute, this shaping advance speed generally ranging between 20 and 33 m / min, the grinding wheel according to the invention making it possible to work both at high speed and at low speed, the advantage in the latter case being in particular a significantly improved grinding wheel life) of between 60 and 180, such ratio to obtain a good efficiency of the grinding wheel according to the invention at the same time as a high speed of advance.
• the invention also covers a method of manufacturing glazing, in particular for the automobile, in particular windshields, glazing for roofs or for side windows, incorporating a shaping operation as previously claimed according to the invention, as well as a glazing manufacturing device, incorporating the grinding wheel according to the invention.
• the wheel according to the invention is particularly suitable for shaping the edge of the glasses, in order to give a particular profile (forming for example a rounded edge and thus eliminating sharp angles) to the edge of the glasses intended to form the desired glazing .
• these glasses are derived especially from float processes and generally undergo the cutting and shaping operation after formation.
• the glass sheets resulting from the float process undergo beforehand a cutting step to the desired shape, then are shaped, washed, before undergoing possibly a screen printing step, before the forming step or bending (for example by deposit on a bending frame or appropriate metal reinforcement and then passage in an oven, for example at a temperature of the order of 650 ° C), intended to give the appropriate curvature if appropriate glazing (especially for automotive applications), this forming or bending which can take place simultaneously on several sheets intended to be combined within the same laminated layer, the glass sheets thus shaped then being cooled if necessary and associated, if necessary, with one or more plastic interleaves of similar dimensions before calendering, heating, and installation of peripheral seal if necessary.
• a coolant (particularly water with optionally one or more cooling additives) is generally used in combination with the grinding wheel at the point of contact between the grinding wheel and the glass to evacuate the glass particles and dissipate the energy produced.
• the grinding wheel according to the invention has proved to be perfectly capable of advantageously replacing the usual grinding wheels in existing glass-making and manufacturing facilities, in particular for automobiles, since the mechanisms governing the removal of material are generally complex, the changes millstone or its environment that can significantly affect.
• the invention also relates to a glazing, in particular a windshield, glazing for roof or automotive side glazing, obtained by the method of forming or producing glazing according to the invention, as well as a vehicle incorporating said glazing.
• the present invention also relates to a method of producing grinding wheels according to the invention.
• These wheels are made from the mixture of powder (s) metal (s) (to form the binder) and diamonds mentioned above in the definition of the grinding wheel according to the invention, this mixture being inserted between metal parts as mentioned above, then the formed assembly being heated to a high temperature, especially greater than 800 ° C.
• the grinding wheel obtained is also preferentially brightened using one or two brightening sticks, identical or different, for example a stick said soft and a stick said hard, and the concentricity of the grinding wheel is checked, these two operations are generally done before the conditioning of the grinding wheel.
• a grinding wheel according to the invention was made by inserting between a stainless steel metal part a mixture intended to form the abrasive part and then heating the assembly under pressure so as to effect the cohesion of the different parts between them, then generating a profile. for forming on the electroerosion abrasive portion, the mixture for forming the abrasive portion being formed of the following components: about 85% by volume of binder of the following composition (given by weight relative to the binder): - (powder of) tungsten: 61% - (powder of) bronze: 37% - (powder of) chrome: 1% - (powder of) nickel 1%, the bronze being formed of about 80% copper and 20% tin, this binder having a Rockwell hardness B of about 100, approximately 15% by volume of diamonds (concentration of the order of 2.64 ct / cm 3 in the abrasive portion of the grinding wheel), said diamonds having a size of 220 mesh (ie 76 ⁇
• this grinding wheel makes it possible to obtain a forming feed speed of at least 30 m / min (the speed of rotation of the grinding wheel being of the order 60 m / s) while maintaining a good quality of the forming joint (especially with a visible number of defects of less than 6 per decimeter) and while offering a service life of at least 50 km at least of shaped joint, with a frequency of brightening every 25 to 30 glasses (ie every 112.5 to 135 m of shaped glass, the perimeter of the glasses shaped in this example being 4.5 m).
• the glazing obtained by shaping using the grinding wheel according to the invention can be used for example for a motor vehicle or transport, such as windshield, glazing for roof or for side glazing, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
• Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
• Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2011
  • 2011-09-09 FR FR1158029A patent/FR2979845B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2012
  • 2012-08-14 PL PL12756776T patent/PL2753455T3/pl unknown
  • 2012-08-14 CA CA2843849A patent/CA2843849C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-08-14 KR KR1020147005946A patent/KR102029507B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2012-08-14 PT PT127567766T patent/PT2753455T/pt unknown
  • 2012-08-14 WO PCT/FR2012/051895 patent/WO2013034828A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2012-08-14 JP JP2014529047A patent/JP6046722B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-08-14 ES ES12756776.6T patent/ES2611906T3/es active Active
  • 2012-08-14 BR BR112014003098-7A patent/BR112014003098B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-08-14 CN CN201280043646.7A patent/CN103764347B/zh active Active
  • 2012-08-14 MX MX2014002720A patent/MX351559B/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2012-08-14 EA EA201490591A patent/EA029240B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-08-14 EP EP12756776.6A patent/EP2753455B1/fr active Active
  • 2012-08-14 US US14/343,609 patent/US9649747B2/en active Active
  • 2012-09-07 AR ARP120103301A patent/AR087805A1/es active IP Right Grant

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