Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
  • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
  • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
  • C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
  • C04B38/067—Macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
  • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
  • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
  • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
  • C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
  • C04B38/0675—Vegetable refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. wood chips, cork, peat, paper
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
  • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
  • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
  • H01M4/8875—Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
  • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
  • H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
  • H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00267—Materials permeable to vapours or gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00853—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in electrochemical cells or batteries, e.g. fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a ceramic composition and to the use of a ceramic composition.
• the present invention relates to a ceramic composition for producing a ceramic component, such as an electrode, by a plastic
• a carrier material is advantageous, which gives the electrodes the necessary mechanical stability.
• the highest possible strength of the carrier material is advantageous in order to be able to absorb operational mechanical stresses, otherwise a
• a required prolongation of a gas may occur.
• a required prolongation of a gas is useful for the carrier material used, in particular when used for gas-active electrodes, so that the gas can be implemented on the reactive electrode side.
• the slurry system may further include a burn-out placeholder, namely graphite or carbon fibers, to adjust the porosity.
• a slip system used herein further comprises zirconia powder and
• Nickel oxide powder said stabilized zirconia powder being a wide
• the present invention is a ceramic composition for a plastic molding process, comprising
• composition comprises at least one organic compound as
• Pore-forming component comprises.
• a ceramic composition may, in particular, be a composition that can be further processed to form a ceramic body or component.
• the ceramic composition may be formed by a molding process and sintered in a firing process at elevated temperature to the ceramic body. Consequently, the ceramic composition
• a ceramic body may in particular be a body which is essentially of an inorganic and non-metallic nature.
• the ceramic composition may in particular comprise at least one ceramic component.
• the ceramic component can therefore serve in particular as the actual ceramic raw material.
• Ceramic component can in the sense of the present invention
• Ceramic materials may include, for example, silicate-based materials, oxides, such as metal oxides, nitrides or carbides.
• Ceramic components which can be used in the context of the invention include, for example, forsterite, a magnesium silicate, or zirconium dioxide.
• the ceramic composition may comprise one or a suitable plurality of ceramic components.
• the ceramic composition of the invention further comprises at least one binder component.
• a binder component may serve in the ceramic composition in particular to those in the
• composition components to bind together are only a single binder component, ie a single substance serving as a binder, may be provided in the ceramic composition.
• a suitable mixture of two or more than two different substances serving as binders may be provided.
• the ceramic composition may comprise one or more water-insoluble and, additionally or alternatively, one or more water-soluble binders.
• water-soluble binder component for example, polyethylene glycols or polyvinylpyrrolidone are suitable, whereas as water-insoluble
• Binder component for example polyvinyl butyral, polyamide or polyethylene are suitable.
• the ceramic composition further comprises at least one
• a pore-forming component may be a material which is intended in particular to form a suitable and desired, in particular, defined porosity in the ceramic component or body to be produced from the ceramic composition.
• a desired gas permeability of the produced ceramic body can be achieved, which is suitable, for example, for use as a gas-active electrode or for its carrier substrate.
• porosity can be understood in particular to mean open porosity.
• the pore-forming component is not present exclusively in the interior of the material, but likewise at the outer region or at the interface to the outer side.
• the contacting individual structures of the pore-forming component in the interior of the structure As a result, preferably a continuous channel
• Pore forming components may be provided so that can set in a later burnout continuous gas channels.
• a pore-forming component is an organic compound which is thermally decomposable or becomes gas in particular during a burning process or sintering process of the ceramic compound for producing the ceramic body. It can be in the ceramic
• Composition be provided only a Porenchannerkomponente or a suitable plurality of Porenchannerkomponenten.
• an organic pore-forming component or an organic component as such can be understood in particular to mean a component which, or whose molecular structure, comprises or can consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• a component which or whose molecular structure consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen may also comprise a component which consists of> 90%, in particular> 95%, for example> 99%, of these materials. In this case, for example, ⁇ 10%, in particular ⁇ 5%,
• the organic pore-forming component can preferably be removed from the microstructure in a sintering process in a secure and substantially residue-free manner so as to set the desired porosity.
• the pore-forming component component can preferably be removed from the microstructure in a sintering process in a secure and substantially residue-free manner so as to set the desired porosity.
• Pore-forming component which is purely based on a carbon material, such as graphite or carbon fibers. Such compounds are Not according to the invention comprises an organic material or an organic pore-forming component.
• a dispersant component especially a dispersant component.
• Dispergatorkomponente can serve in the context of the present invention, in particular to homogenize the ceramic composition according to the invention or to produce a sufficient miscibility, in particular for a plastic molding process.
• a particularly homogeneous process of the corresponding shaping method can thus be achieved, which can produce particularly qualitatively homogeneous and therefore particularly advantageous ceramic components.
• This may be particularly suitable in particular for use in plastic molding processes.
• none, one or a suitable plurality of dispersant components can be present. Suitable substances which as
• Dispergatorkomponente for the purposes of the present invention can be used particularly advantageously comprise, for example, oleic acid or under the trade name EFKA 5207 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, available hydroxyl-functionalized, unsaturated, modified carboxylic acids.
• oleic acid or under the trade name EFKA 5207 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, available hydroxyl-functionalized, unsaturated, modified carboxylic acids.
• polyalkylene glycol ethers such as those available under the trade name Brij, such as Brij72 (polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether), from Uniqema Americas LLC, Wilmington Del., US.
• a plastic shaping method may in particular be a method in which the organic ceramic compound undergoes a primary molding process via the molten phase.
• Suitable plastic molding methods for which the ceramic composition of the present invention is particularly suitable may include, for example, extrusion methods, injection molding methods, roller molding methods, or plate press techniques.
• the ceramic composition of the invention is in a particularly advantageous manner, especially in combination with a plastic
• a ceramic member having a suitable porosity for generating the gas permeability can be produced.
• the organic pore-forming component leaves behind after their burn-out, in particular during a sintering process, cavities which are not closed again during or after the burn-out or sintering process. If the individual structures of the pore-forming agent component and thus also the individual cavities produced during the further course of the production of a ceramic component touch, an open porosity can be generated by which a permeability for gas can be generated.
• the composition may comprise at least one polymer as an organic compound.
• organic compound in particular organic
• Polymers can provide structures of the pore-forming component which, in the further course of the production of a ceramic component, create cavities and thus porosity which are particularly suitable for gas permeability.
• polymers are in their structure usually well adapted to the respective field of application or the polymers to be used well selectable. As a result, particularly reproducible gas permeability results can be achieved in this embodiment.
• composition may comprise an organic compound as pore-forming component, which consists of
• the presence of the corresponding substances may in particular mean presence on the molecular level, that is to say in the molecular structure of the organic compound.
• the temperatures may be so low that removal of the pore-forming component begins already at a temperature which is far below the maximum to be reached
• the pore-forming component may be selected from the group consisting of resins, in particular
• Phenolic resins especially cellulose and starch, and / or
• Pore-forming component particularly advantageous gas permeabilities can be achieved, which are suitable for a large number of applications.
• such materials are particularly advantageous processable.
• the aforementioned materials can be shaped or provided in suitable structures.
• composition may comprise:
• homogeneous ceramic components can be produced particularly advantageously in the production, which have the desired gas permeabilities with a simultaneously high mechanical stability.
• the composition may be solvent-free. This allows the ceramic composition to be processed as desired without the insertion and removal of another component. In this embodiment, therefore, materials and work steps can be saved, which is particularly the use of the ceramic composition for producing a ceramic component
• composition means, in particular, that there is no component which is used conventionally, for example in film casting processes, as a solvent.
• component which is used conventionally, for example in film casting processes, as a solvent.
• it may be meant that there is no component in the composition, in particular, no step of processing the ceramic composition which is liquid at temperatures below 40 ° C.
• the pore-forming component can be designed like a fiber.
• Pore-forming component can be improved in comparison to, for example, spherical Porensentnem at comparable volume fractions of the pore-forming component used, ie, higher gas permeabilities can be achieved.
• spherical pore-forming components are also in the
• a fibrous structure may in particular be a structure which may have a greater length compared to the diameter, that is to say has a particularly elongate extent as maximum dimension.
• the fibrous Porensentnerkomponenten may have approximately a rice-shaped or tubular structure, which of course deviations from this form are within the meaning of the invention mitumutzt. It may be advantageous in one embodiment, when the fiber
• compositions can be produced easily, in which the
• Gas can flow through the pores largely unhindered. Consequently, a particularly advantageous gas permeability can be achieved.
• the present invention further relates to the use of a
• thermoforming a ceramic composition according to the invention for the production of a ceramic component, in particular a gas-permeable electrode, using a plastic molding method, wherein the plastic molding method can be selected in particular from the group consisting of extrusion process, injection molding,
• the inventive ceramic composition in a particularly advantageous manner simple and inexpensive shapes.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view through a ceramic component made of an embodiment of a ceramic composition according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view through a ceramic component produced from an embodiment of a ceramic composition according to the invention showing pores of a spherical pore-forming component;
• FIG 3 shows a schematic sectional view through a ceramic component produced from an embodiment of a ceramic composition according to the invention showing pores of a fibrous pore-forming component.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration through a ceramic component 1, produced from an embodiment of a ceramic composition according to the invention.
• the ceramic component 1 comprises a ceramic matrix or basic structure 2, in which a plurality of cavities
• pores 3 are arranged.
• the pores 3 according to FIG. 1 have a tubular structure.
• the ceramic component 1 can be produced from a ceramic composition according to the invention using a plastic
• the ceramic composition according to the invention in particular as starting material for the ceramic component 1, comprises at least one ceramic component, at least one binder component, at least one organic compound as pore-forming component, and in particular at least one dispersant component.
• the pore-forming component may comprise or be at least one polymer as organic compound.
• the pore-forming component may comprise or be at least one polymer as organic compound.
• Composition comprising an organic compound as a pore-forming agent, which is formed from carbon and oxygen, from carbon and hydrogen or from carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
• the pore-forming component may be selected from the group consisting of resins, especially phenolic resins, carbohydrates, especially cellulose and starch, and / or coconut husk, or any combination thereof.
• the pore-forming component may further decompose at a temperature of ⁇ 450 ° C, especially ⁇ 300 ° C, for example ⁇ 200 ° C, or pass into the gas phase.
• a typical recipe for a ceramic composition may include ceramic powder as a ceramic component (32.4% by volume); Pore forming agent component (21, 6 vol.%); Binder (43 vol .-%, wherein, for example, a mixture of two different water-insoluble binders (each 9.5 vol .-%) and a water-soluble binder (24 vol .-%) may be provided) and a Dispergatorkomponente (3 vol. %).
• forsterite (magnesium silicate) or alumina (Al 2 0 3) may be about as a ceramic component of zirconia (Zr0 2), are used.
• binder polyvinyl butyral polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polacrylates
• Suitable pore formers are, for example, phenolic resin fibers and oleic acid dispersants or, under the trade name EFKA 5207, BASF, Ludwigshafen, available hydroxyl-functionalized, unsaturated, modified carboxylic acids.
• polyalkylene glycol ethers such as, for example, those sold under the trade name Brij, for example Brij72
• Composition can completely dispense with solvents, so
• the ceramic composition of the present invention may be first formed by a suitable plastic molding method such as an injection molding method or an extrusion method. Following this, the resulting blank can be debinded by removing the binder, for example, by exposure to heat or by a solvent. Subsequently, the debindered blank can be sintered, the
• Pore-forming component is removed by burning out of the ceramic structure.
• the basic structure 2 shown in FIG. 1 can be formed comprising the pores 3 or cavities.
• a typical composition may include: Ceramic: Zr0 2 32.4 Vol%
• Pore Former Phenolic Resin Fibers 21, 6 Voi%
• the numbers 1 to 3 are fibrous
• Pore former components whereas Nos. 4 and 5 show spherical pore-forming components. Particularly good values with smooth, geometrically uniform, artificially produced
• Phenolharzfasem be achieved. It can be seen that the fibrous pore-forming components, especially phenolic resins, can produce very high gas permeabilities of up to 8.0E-10 cm 2 using a plastic molding process, extrusion or injection molding. But even with spherical pore-forming components, such as starch or coconut shell, good gas permeabilities of 1, 1-10 cm 2 or 6.0E-11 cm 2 can be achieved.
• FIGS. 2 and 3 The generated gas permeability is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the pores 3 in a ceramic component 1, which are arranged in the ceramic basic structure 2 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• figure 2 shows the pores 3 or cavities produced by a spherical pore-forming component
• FIG. 3 the pores 3 or cavities produced by a fibrous pore-forming component are shown.
• Gas permeability can rather be decisive, whether the gas must flow through many small bottlenecks to flow through the ceramic component 1.
• bottlenecks may be, in particular, former contact points of the pore-forming component or of its individual structures. Such contact points are therefore especially in spherical
• Pore formers present, whereas fibrous
• Pore forming components resulting tubular cavities already constructively have wide areas without bottlenecks that affect a gas flow significantly less.
• Figure 2 shows the path of a gas molecule, represented by the arrow 4, through a ceramic component 1 with pores 3, which were produced by a spherical pore-forming component.
• the gas molecules flow through many small ports formed by the former points of contact of the spherical pore-forming component.
• Figure 3 shows the path of a gas molecule, represented by the arrow 5, through a ceramic component 1 with pores 3, which were produced by a fibrous pore-forming component.
• the gas molecules can also flow long distances without much resistance through the tubular pores 3 formed by the fibrous pore-forming component.
• Pore formers further material can be saved, which offers a further advantage of fibrous pore formers.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-08-25 DE DE102011081536A patent/DE102011081536A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2012
  • 2012-08-14 KR KR1020147004658A patent/KR101945691B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2012-08-14 JP JP2014526448A patent/JP6238896B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-08-14 EP EP12750580.8A patent/EP2748120A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-08-14 WO PCT/EP2012/065879 patent/WO2013026742A1/de active Application Filing

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