EP2668445B1 - Aufbereiten von müllverbrennungsasche - Google Patents

Aufbereiten von müllverbrennungsasche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2668445B1
EP2668445B1 EP12707240.3A EP12707240A EP2668445B1 EP 2668445 B1 EP2668445 B1 EP 2668445B1 EP 12707240 A EP12707240 A EP 12707240A EP 2668445 B1 EP2668445 B1 EP 2668445B1
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Prior art keywords
ash
classification
processing plant
liquid
grain size
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EP12707240.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2668445A2 (de
Inventor
Friedrich-Wilhelm Evers
Alexandra Beckmann
Manfred Klinkhammer
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Mdsu Mitteldeutsche Schlacken Union & Co KG GmbH
SCHAUENBURG MASCHINEN-UND ANLAGEN-BAU GmbH
Original Assignee
Mdsu Mitteldeutsche Schlacken Union & Co KG GmbH
Schauenburg Maschinen-Und Anlagen-Bau GmbH
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Application filed by Mdsu Mitteldeutsche Schlacken Union & Co KG GmbH, Schauenburg Maschinen-Und Anlagen-Bau GmbH filed Critical Mdsu Mitteldeutsche Schlacken Union & Co KG GmbH
Priority to PL12707240T priority Critical patent/PL2668445T3/pl
Priority to HRP20220100TT priority patent/HRP20220100T1/hr
Priority to SI201231975T priority patent/SI2668445T1/sl
Priority to RS20220078A priority patent/RS62879B1/sr
Publication of EP2668445A2 publication Critical patent/EP2668445A2/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/04—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for furnace residues, smeltings, or foundry slags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/62—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by hydraulic classifiers, e.g. of launder, tank, spiral or helical chute concentrator type
    • B03B5/623—Upward current classifiers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01001—Sorting and classifying ashes or fly-ashes from the combustion chamber before further treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01004—Separating water from ash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01005—Mixing water to ash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01009—Controls related to ash or slag extraction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for processing waste incineration ash, in particular household waste incineration ash (HMVA), in which the ash is classified in a processing plant that is separate from the actual waste incineration.
  • HMVA household waste incineration ash
  • a classification of ash formerly also known as slag, which arises when waste is incinerated, for example commercial or household waste, is known in principle.
  • Classification is understood to mean the separation of a starting material consisting of particles with a given grain size distribution into several fractions with different grain size distributions.
  • the classification is used in particular to separate the ash into parts that are contaminated with certain pollutants to different degrees, whereby some parts can be recycled profitably, while other parts have to be disposed of at a cost due to existing relevant legal regulations.
  • a classification can make use of the generally known fact that certain pollutants essentially only bind to ash particles with a certain maximum grain size.
  • the EP 2 062 647 A2 describes a process for the production of compactable slag granulate from waste incineration slag, with slag fractions with a grain diameter of less than 0.1 mm (fine grain fraction) being washed out, this fine grain fraction being reduced by at least 50%.
  • the EP 1 818 611 A2 describes a system for handling and processing solid combustion residues from a combustion system.
  • the system has at least one collecting container, which is arranged on the underside of an ash discharge funnel of the combustion system and contains a water bath.
  • a crusher for crushing the combustion residues emerging from the ash discharge funnel.
  • a device for hydraulic conveying connects to the collecting container, which feeds a suspension consisting of water and combustion residues from the collecting container to a separating device for the separation of solids.
  • the DE 197 27 172 A1 describes a process for the production of secondary building materials by the mechanical processing of aged slag from waste incineration plants, the slag being abandoned building rubble and this mixture being fed to an overbelt magnet through which coarse ferrous scrap is withstood.
  • the mixture is then classified dry with a sieve cut of 70 mm, with the material ⁇ 70 mm of the mixture being dry classified up to 32 mm after a further magnetic separation.
  • the coarse grain> 32 mm is broken up with a slow-running impact crusher and fed to the aforementioned overbelt magnet. Dry material ⁇ 32 mm is applied to a 2 mm sieve, water being sprayed onto the material of the sieve with 5-8 bar from high pressure nozzles.
  • the sieve passage ⁇ 2 mm is fed to a floating matter separator, the material is split into two grain classes in a two-stage upflow classifier and the sieve passage 2-32 mm is attrited in a 2-shaft sword washer and simultaneously exposed to water from high-pressure nozzles.
  • the EP 1 348 905 A1 describes a process for the treatment of incineration residues from waste incineration plants, in which the fuel is burned on a furnace grate. The resulting combustion residues are extinguished in a wet slag remover and transported out of it.
  • the wet combustion residues coming from the wet slag remover are first divided into two fractions by means of a sieving process, whereupon the main fraction is washed with water removed from the wet slag remover and any fine particles adhering to it are separated off. The washed parts of the incineration residues are recycled. The washing water with the fine particles absorbed during the washing process reaches the wet slag remover.
  • the fine fraction resulting from the mechanical separation process is fed back into the incineration process.
  • the EP 2 128 279 A1 describes a method for separating metal-containing fractions of slag with the following steps: a) supplying the slag; b) processing the slag into fractions; c) pre-separating the portions which have a size of at most 5 mm, with iron-containing portions being separated; d) Separating non-ferrous metal-containing parts, which have a size of at most 5 mm, by using an eddy current separating device. The fractions are kept dry when non-ferrous metal-containing fractions are separated.
  • the EP 2 052 780 A2 describes a method for processing incineration slag, which comprises the steps of providing a combustion slag material stream and dry processing of the incineration slag, with at least two fractions of slag particles of different grain sizes being provided. These are further processed dry and then subjected to wet processing, with the material flow being transferred to a vessel.
  • the incineration slag material flow is with under Pressurized water is applied, followed by the separation of impurities and wet classification of the combustion slag material flow into at least two fractions of slag particles of different grain sizes. Separately from one another, these are subjected to a hydro-separation process to separate contaminants.
  • the CH 676 116 A5 describes a process for obtaining a gravel substitute from waste slag, in which the waste slag is watered, freed from coarse material and iron scrap and drained.
  • the DE 10 2005 048 959 A1 describes a method for processing ash by eliminating substitute fuel components (RDF) from an ash / RDF mixture using a self-cleaning vibrating grate for classification.
  • RDF substitute fuel components
  • a dewatering and fine classification device is also used to feed the finely classified ash / RDF mixture to a hydrocyclone and then to a fluidized bed sorter, so that the result is a plastic-free ash product with a given grain size and high quality level for the building materials industry.
  • incineration ash is mostly dumped, which, however, is associated with relatively high costs, or under high conditions, e.g. recycled as a low-classified building material.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a possibility with which incineration ash can be recycled which is interesting from an economic point of view.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in the processing of incineration ash, the concentration of relevant pollutants contained in the ash in a fine fraction, i.e. in one or more proportions with a relatively low maximum grain size, can then be economically interesting if the Keeping the proportion of this fine fraction in the raw material, i.e. in the ash brought into the processing, as small as possible.
  • the aim of the invention is not that the known dry classification is modified, but rather that the waste incineration ash is subjected to a wet classification that is basically known per se.
  • the inventors have recognized that the fact that wet classification in particular enables the use of classification processes that are particularly gentle on the grain can be exploited.
  • grain-friendly classification methods as those methods in which the particles to be classified are not crushed or destroyed and in particular in which no dust is produced, so that the grain size distribution of the input material compared to that of the output material as a whole, i.e. all fractions resulting from the classification combined , is practically unchanged.
  • the wet classification comprises classification by means of an upflow technique.
  • the invention can use this type of classification in a particularly advantageous manner, since the ash is treated in an extremely gentle manner.
  • a hydrocyclone is connected upstream of an upflow classifier.
  • the processing of the ash according to the invention includes a metal processing at one or more points, i. H. the separation of metals.
  • This processing can include both an FE separation, i.e. a separation of ferrous metals, and a non-ferrous separation, i.e. a separation of non-ferrous metals.
  • classic FE or NE separators can be used for this treatment.
  • an optical inspection can take place. This optical inspection can be carried out both manually and by machine. In principle, numerous variants are conceivable, each of which enables pure metal processing.
  • the metals are not separated dry before or after the wet classification of the HMVA, but after at least part of the wet classification. In other words, the metals are run in the wet or washing process, i.e. the metals are also washed.
  • This "washing along” also increases the yield of metals.
  • the metals can be carried along in the wet or washing process, i.e. the metals can also be “washed with", even if no optical sifting of any kind takes place during the separation of the metals.
  • the metals "washed along” can also be separated off in a conventional manner per se by means of known metal separators.
  • the wet classification is preferably carried out in such a way that the lower limit of the grain size in the fine fraction is 0 ⁇ m and the upper limit of the grain size is approximately
  • the range is from 50 to 500 ⁇ m, in particular is approximately in the range from 200 to 300 ⁇ m, and is preferably about 250 ⁇ m. It was found that with such an upper limit of the grain size practically all relevant pollutants are contained in the fine fraction, at the same time the proportion of this polluted fine fraction in the ash brought into the processing plant is so small that the recycling of the low-pollutant or pollutant-free residue As a whole, the ash can be processed economically.
  • the following steps are carried out one after the other in the wet classification: First, the ash is mixed with a liquid, in particular water. At least a first coarse fraction is separated off from the resulting product. In particular, a sieve device is used here. Subsequently, at least a second coarse fraction is separated from the product freed from the first coarse fraction using an upflow technique with an upflow classifier and an upstream hydrocyclone. The resulting fine fraction is then extracted from liquid. A chamber filter press in particular can be used here. In at least one of the coarse fractions (II, III), metals are separated off after passing through at least part of the wet classification.
  • wet classification in such a way that at least two different coarse fractions are separated in addition to the fine fraction is not mandatory, i.e. only a single coarse fraction can be separated off.
  • a wet classification can be carried out particularly effectively, especially with regard to the operation of the processing plant and the recycling of the low-pollutant or pollutant-free portion of the ash and is advantageous above all from an economic point of view.
  • the ash can be subjected to a mechanical, in particular dry pretreatment before being introduced into the processing plant, in which metal parts and unburned contaminants are removed from the ash.
  • the ashes can be damp.
  • Such a preparatory processing of the ash from the waste incineration plant can - although it can be carried out dry or, for example, with moist ash - nevertheless be carried out in such a way that the grain size distribution of the ash to be introduced into the processing plant according to the invention is not adversely affected.
  • it is particularly with regard to an optical sifting of metals for the purpose of separating the metals provided that the separation not only takes place dry, but that the metals are always "washed" beforehand.
  • the wet classification can be carried out in such a way that the dry weight proportion of the fine fraction contaminated with pollutants in the ash brought into the processing plant, from which metal parts and unburned contaminants have been removed in a pretreatment, is at most about 30% and in particular at most about 10% amounts to. So far, it has not been considered possible to process incineration ash in such a way that only a maximum of around 10 to 30% of the ash is highly contaminated with pollutants and thus at least around 70 to 90% of the ash is easily recycled and in particular without violating the relevant legal provisions can be. However, the wet classification of the ash, which is gentle on the grain, according to the invention makes exactly this possible.
  • the ash from the waste incineration plant is preferably pretreated in such a way that the ash is introduced into the processing plant with a particle size distribution whose upper limit is no more than approximately 100 mm.
  • the upper limit is in the range from 40 to 50 mm.
  • the upper limit is preferably about 45 mm.
  • the processing plant preferably has an essentially closed liquid circuit.
  • water or an aqueous solution is used as the liquid for the wet classification.
  • at least one parameter of a liquid used for the wet classification is kept below or above a predetermined limit value.
  • liquid is discharged from a liquid circuit as soon as the limit value is reached, in particular exceeded or fallen below.
  • This embodiment can be of practical importance in particular when, on the one hand, costs are to be saved and, on the other hand, certain constituents are to be prevented from being "carried over" to the ashes.
  • Such constituents can in particular be salts, for example mainly chlorides and sulfates.
  • the concentration of these constituents can be determined, for example, by measuring the conductivity in the liquid, ie the monitored parameter in the liquid circuit can in particular be the electrical conductivity Act. Accordingly, liquid is only discharged from the circuit when the conductivity has reached the specified limit value. On the one hand, this minimizes the consumption of fresh liquid, in particular water, which saves costs.
  • the or each low-pollutant or pollutant-free coarse fraction contains too high a proportion of the respective constituents, in particular of salts.
  • the limit value can in particular be made dependent on the wishes of the respective plant operator or can be specified by the sewage treatment plant on site.
  • a liquid used for wet classification has a temperature in the range from 20 to 40 ° C.
  • HMVA household waste incineration ash
  • the wet classification can in particular be carried out in such a way that the proportion of the ash brought into the processing plant contaminated with pollutants, from which metal parts and unburned contaminants were removed in an especially dry pretreatment, a dry weight proportion of about 30%, in particular of about 10%, does not exceed. If one assumes that incineration ash is at least essentially always the same with regard to the grain size distribution and the type and amount of the relevant pollutants, at least when metal parts and unburned contaminants have been removed from it in a particularly dry pretreatment, then the ash processing according to the invention can consequently can be characterized by the upper limit of the dry weight fraction of the ash content that is polluted with pollutants.
  • the wet classification is carried out in such a way that the lower limit of the grain size in the polluted fraction is 0 ⁇ m and the upper limit of the grain size is approximately in the range from 50 to 500 ⁇ m, in particular approximately in the range from 200 to 300 ⁇ m and preferably approximately 250 ⁇ m.
  • the metal is preferably processed on one or each pollutant-free or low-pollutant coarse fraction before it is dumped.
  • the object is also achieved by a device for processing waste incineration ash, in particular household waste incineration ash (HMVA), with which the Ash can be classified into a plurality of fractions of different grain size distribution, with a processing system being provided which is designed for an exclusive wet classification of the ash, with the processing system exclusively comprising classifying devices that are gentle on the grain, and with the processing system being designed in such a way that the ash is completely divided into at least one Fine fraction contaminated with pollutants and at least one low-pollutant or pollutant-free coarse fraction can be classified.
  • HMVA household waste incineration ash
  • the processing plant comprises a screening device as the first classification stage, in which at least one coarse fraction is separated from the ash mixed with a liquid.
  • the processing plant comprises an upstream classifier with an upstream hydrocyclone as a second classifying stage, in which at least one fine fraction (I) is separated from the ash (A) freed from at least one coarse fraction (III).
  • the processing plant further comprises a device for separating metals after passing through at least part of the wet classification.
  • the treatment plant also includes a dehumidification stage in which liquid is removed from the fine fraction.
  • the dehumidification stage can comprise a chamber filter press, in particular a round thickener and an eccentric pump being connected upstream of the chamber filter press.
  • the device is designed to carry out a method of the type specified here.
  • the processing plant is preferably designed such that the lower limit of the grain size in the fine fraction is 0 ⁇ m and the upper limit of the grain size is approximately in the range from 50 to 500 ⁇ m, in particular approximately in the range from 200 to 300 ⁇ m and preferably approximately 250 ⁇ m.
  • the processing plant can have at least one essentially closed liquid circuit.
  • the processing plant preferably comprises a mixing stage in which the ash is mixed with a liquid, in particular with water or an aqueous solution.
  • the mixing stage, the two classifying stages and the dehumidifying stage of the processing plant are arranged one behind the other in the process direction, with a coarse fraction with a Lower limit for the grain size in the range from 2 to 5 mm, in particular from about 4 mm, is separated, the remaining product being fed to the second classification stage, in which a coarse fraction with a lower limit for the grain size in the range from approximately 50 to 500 ⁇ m, in particular approximately in the range from 200 to 300 ⁇ m and preferably from about 250 ⁇ m, and the remaining fine fraction being fed to the dehumidifying stage.
  • HMVA While in practice the HMVA has so far mostly been deposited over a relatively long period of, for example, three months before processing or treatment was started, according to the invention it is preferably provided that the processing or treatment of the ash begins comparatively early after its formation will.
  • Stored ash on the other hand, tends to stick together or sinter due to the chemical reactions that take place during storage. Sticky ash has to be separated with "heavy equipment" before or during processing or treatment, i.e. with mechanical effort that is not very gentle.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a processing plant 11 according to claim 10.
  • the processing plant 11 is independent of the actual waste incineration.
  • the processing plant 11 can be set up at any location and operated separately from a waste incineration plant, although this is not necessarily and in principle also possible to be integrated into a waste incineration plant.
  • the system 11 according to the invention it is possible to process the incineration ash as it arises from waste incineration in the manner explained below.
  • Pretreatment or preparatory processing of ash A is not absolutely necessary.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the incineration ash is subjected to a particularly dry pretreatment before being introduced into the processing plant 11, in which metal parts and unburned contaminants are removed from the ash.
  • the processing method according to the invention and the processing plant 11 according to the invention are particularly suitable for processing domestic waste incineration ash.
  • the invention is not restricted to this.
  • the ash A introduced into a mixing stage 21 of the system 11 and previously freed from metal parts and unburned contaminants is separated into three fractions I, II and III, namely into a fine fraction I and two coarse fractions II and III.
  • the coarse fractions II and III are at best still slightly contaminated with pollutants and can be stored on heaps 29, 31 before they are sent for recycling. At least the majority of the pollutants originally contained in ash A is in fine fraction I, which cannot be readily recycled and is stored in a landfill 33, for example.
  • HMVA household waste incineration ash
  • examples include sulfate, chloride, anhydride and TOC (total organic carbon).
  • TOC total organic carbon
  • the ash A is processed by wet classification.
  • the ash A is mixed with a liquid in the mixing stage 21.
  • Water W is preferably used as the liquid.
  • a specific aqueous solution is used as the liquid, namely an acidic aqueous solution.
  • the liquid used herein will also be referred to simply as “water” or “solution” hereinafter.
  • the ash A can be mixed with the water by soaking or mashing in. Accordingly, the mixing stage 21 can also be referred to as a soaking or mashing-in.
  • the ash A is mixed in the mixing stage 21 in a manner that is gentle on the grain in order to at least largely avoid comminution of the ash particles introduced. If provided at all, a mechanical action on the ash A in the mixing stage can take place, for example by means of a vibration plate.
  • a grain-friendly treatment of the ash A takes place not only in the mixing stage 21. Rather, the entire system 11 is designed for a grain-friendly ash processing.
  • grain preservation is known to the person skilled in the art. In particular, this is understood to mean that such devices or process steps are neither consciously used nor accepted in which the ash particles are comminuted. Treatment that is gentle on the grain does not, of course, exclude the fact that originally only ash particles adhering to one another are separated from one another.
  • the water supplied to the mixing stage 21 is provided by a closed water circuit W.
  • the designation as "closed” does not, of course, exclude the replacement of used liquid and - if provided in the exemplary embodiment described here - liquid for an additional recovery of phosphates P explained below can also be withdrawn without being returned to the circuit W.
  • the mixing stage 21 is also supplied with an acid S, which is in particular citric acid or sulfuric acid, which is available comparatively inexpensively.
  • the mentioned liquid circuit W in the preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention explained here is therefore a circuit of an acidic aqueous solution.
  • an acidic environment is neither absolutely necessary nor disadvantageous, since all relevant system parts can be designed to be acid-proof without any problems.
  • the mixed with the water ie the soaked or mashed ash A, which still contains all three fractions I, II and III mentioned at the beginning, is then fed to a first classifying stage 17, which is a screening device which is designed in such a way that that all ash particles with a grain size of more than 4 mm are separated.
  • the ash is sprinkled with water W originating from the mentioned circuit and sieved off at the mentioned 4 mm.
  • the grain sizes of the ash particles mentioned in connection with the explanation of this exemplary embodiment are concerned, it is provided here that, in the case of a particularly dry pretreatment of the ash from the waste incineration plant, metal parts and unburned contaminants are removed, this pretreatment being carried out in such a way that the grain size distribution of the in the ash A introduced into the mixing stage 21 has an upper limit of about 45 mm.
  • the first coarse fraction III separated by means of the first classification stage 17 thus has a particle size distribution of approximately 4 to 45 mm. This coarse fraction III is led out of the system 11 and stored on the already mentioned stockpile 29.
  • the remaining ash fraction with a grain size distribution of about 0 to 4 mm which thus contains the initially mentioned fine fraction I and the further coarse fraction II, is then fed to a second classifying stage, which comprises an upstream classifier 15 with an upstream hydrocyclone 13.
  • a second classifying stage which comprises an upstream classifier 15 with an upstream hydrocyclone 13.
  • the particles to be classified are treated extremely gently both in a hydrocyclone and in an upflow classifier. This means that the grain size distribution of the ash fraction coming from the first classification stage 17 is practically not changed by the second classification stage 13, 15 either.
  • the second classifying stage 13, 15 is designed or set in such a way that a second coarse fraction II is separated from the introduced product, which has a grain size distribution approximately in the range from 0.25 mm to 4 mm.
  • This coarse fraction II is fed to a sieve device 35, which can be, for example, a so-called "E-sieve” which comprises two sieve decks, the material on the upper sieve deck is sprayed with water W and drained on the lower sieve deck.
  • the water W is taken from the circuit mentioned and also fed back to this circuit.
  • the second classification stage 13, 15 is set in such a way that after the separation of the second coarse fraction II, the remaining fine fraction I has an upper limit of the grain size of about 0.25 mm, that is of about 250 ⁇ m.
  • the design of the plant 11 and in particular of the second classification stage 13, 15 such that this upper limit for the grain size of the fine fraction I is precisely adhered to is not mandatory.
  • the upper limit for the grain size of the fine fraction I is selected in such a way that it is ensured that - possibly except for one, in particular with regard to Remaining tolerable according to applicable legal regulations - bind all relevant pollutants to the particles forming fine fraction I.
  • this upper limit is chosen so that it is neither too low, since otherwise the next higher coarse fraction is contaminated with pollutants to an unacceptable extent, nor is it too high, since otherwise the dry weight proportion of fine fraction I in the ash A introduced is unnecessarily large .
  • the fine fraction I coming from the second classifying stage 13, 15 is then removed from liquid in a round thickener 23.
  • the fine fraction I is then fed to a chamber filter press 19 by means of an eccentric pump 25.
  • a chamber filter press instead of a chamber filter press, a cyclone can also be provided, for example, in order to dewater the fine fraction I further.
  • the use of a chamber filter press has so far proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the fine fraction I formed by the round thickener 23, the eccentric pump 25 and the chamber filter press 19, has been dehumidified to such an extent that it is solid and can therefore be dumped.
  • the water W obtained in this dehumidification stage is fed back into the circuit.
  • the economy of the ash processing is further increased in that substances are obtained from the ash A introduced into the system, which in turn can be recycled.
  • This use of the ashes, especially those discussed below Recovery of phosphates represents an independent aspect of the invention regardless of the wet classification of ash A.
  • this further use of the incineration ash in the exemplary embodiment described here relates to the recovery of phosphates P.
  • the ash A already interacts with a liquid in the above-described wet classification.
  • the closed liquid circuit W has the consequence that the liquid can interact with the ash A for a relatively long time and intensively, which is used according to the invention.
  • the phosphates P contained in the introduced ash A can thus be redissolved, these phosphates P being able to be isolated again in a further process step.
  • water W is used as the liquid for the wet classification, which is enriched in the mixing stage 21 with acid S, in particular with citric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the mixing or soaking or mashing of the ash A with the liquid that takes place during the wet classification thus simultaneously represents a treatment of the ash A with an acidic aqueous solution, which results in the phosphates P contained in the ash A being redissolved.
  • this type of recovery of phosphates P is particularly advantageous, since the mixing of ash A with the water or the acidic aqueous solution and in particular the closed liquid circuit enables a particularly long-lasting and intimate reaction of the ash A with the acidic aqueous solution.
  • this combination in other words, the wet classification of waste incineration ash with integrated recovery of usable substances, in particular phosphates - also represents an independent aspect of the invention.
  • the redissolution of the phosphates P is promoted by a higher temperature of the acidic aqueous solution without impairing the wet classification.
  • the temperature is selected in such a way that the system as a whole can be operated in an optimal economic range. It was found that this is already possible at a temperature of the acidic aqueous solution in the closed circuit in the range from 20 to 40 ° C.
  • solution L liquid including the phosphates P redissolved therein
  • the removal of the solution L containing the redissolved phosphates P can in principle take place at any point in the liquid circuit W.
  • a withdrawal device can be provided which can be controlled or regulated as a function of the pH value of the solution L.
  • the solution L is fed to an insulating device 27 in which the phosphates P are re-precipitated in a basically known manner.
  • the liquid remaining after the isolation of the phosphates P is fed back to the circuit W.
  • a measuring device in the form of a potentiometric probe 41 is connected upstream of the round thickener 23, with which the electrical conductivity of the liquid can be measured. If the conductivity reaches a specified value, which can be specified, for example, by the operator of the treatment plant or the sewage treatment plant on site, a specified amount of the liquid is discharged and replaced by fresh liquid, in particular fresh water.
  • the water discharge E can - as shown by way of example in the figure - take place behind the round thickener 23, viewed in the process direction.
  • metal processing 37, 39 to take place in each case before the two coarse fractions II, III are stockpiled.
  • the metal is processed in such a way that the metals are run in the wet or washing process before they are separated, ie "washed", so that an optical sifting is improved or made possible in the first place, since this movement of the metals in the wet process makes the metals particularly special getting clean.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP12707240.3A 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Aufbereiten von müllverbrennungsasche Active EP2668445B1 (de)

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SI201231975T SI2668445T1 (sl) 2011-03-04 2012-03-02 Predelava pepela, nastalega pri sežiganju odpadkov
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US8905242B2 (en) 2012-05-25 2014-12-09 John VanDeMierden Ash processing and metals recovery systems and methods
DE102014100725B3 (de) 2013-12-23 2014-12-31 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Asche aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen durch Nassklassierung
AU2015263983A1 (en) * 2014-05-22 2016-12-22 Tav Holdings, Inc. System and method for recovering metals from a waste stream
US10894258B2 (en) * 2015-07-25 2021-01-19 Tav Holdings, Inc. System and method for recovering desired materials and producing clean aggregate from incinerator ash
DE102016106053A1 (de) 2016-04-03 2017-10-05 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Aufbereitung von Asche aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen
DE102016106054A1 (de) * 2016-04-03 2017-10-05 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Aufbereitung von Asche aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen
PT3252377T (pt) * 2016-05-30 2020-06-02 Martin Gmbh Fuer Umwelt Und Energietechnik Método para o tratamento de escória de um dispositivo de combustão
DE102016117741B4 (de) 2016-09-20 2019-01-24 Schauenburg Maschinen- Und Anlagen-Bau Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur Aufbereitung von Asche aus Müllverbrennungsanlagen
US20220056554A1 (en) * 2018-12-18 2022-02-24 Sepro Mineral Systems Corp. Recovery of material from wet incinerator bottom ash
DE102020117725A1 (de) 2020-07-06 2022-01-13 C. C. Umwelt GmbH Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Nichteisenmetallen aus der Asche von Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen sowie aus den Rückständen thermischer Prozesse
CN113111672A (zh) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-13 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 一种真湿地植物的判定方法

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WO2012119739A3 (de) 2013-03-28
US20150129466A1 (en) 2015-05-14
HRP20220100T1 (hr) 2022-04-15
US20140054202A1 (en) 2014-02-27
LT2668445T (lt) 2022-02-25
DK2668445T3 (da) 2022-01-24
WO2012119739A8 (de) 2014-01-09
US9216419B2 (en) 2015-12-22
PT2668445T (pt) 2022-02-08
RS62879B1 (sr) 2022-02-28
ES2904602T3 (es) 2022-04-05
CY1124946T1 (el) 2023-01-05
DE102011013030A1 (de) 2012-09-06
SI2668445T1 (sl) 2022-04-29
EP2668445A2 (de) 2013-12-04
WO2012119739A2 (de) 2012-09-13
HUE057566T2 (hu) 2022-05-28
PL2668445T3 (pl) 2022-03-21

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