EP2656394A1 - Module photovoltaique - Google Patents

Module photovoltaique

Info

Publication number
EP2656394A1
EP2656394A1 EP11805484.0A EP11805484A EP2656394A1 EP 2656394 A1 EP2656394 A1 EP 2656394A1 EP 11805484 A EP11805484 A EP 11805484A EP 2656394 A1 EP2656394 A1 EP 2656394A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
protective layer
photovoltaic module
outer protective
derivatives
cellulose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11805484.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre-Yves Lahary
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerdia Produktions GmbH
Original Assignee
Solvay Acetow GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solvay Acetow GmbH filed Critical Solvay Acetow GmbH
Publication of EP2656394A1 publication Critical patent/EP2656394A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/041—Provisions for preventing damage caused by corpuscular radiation, e.g. for space applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polymeric layer; and in particular the use of this polymeric layer as an external protective layer of a photovoltaic module.
  • a photovoltaic module includes a "photovoltaic cell", this cell being capable of transforming light energy into electricity.
  • Photovoltaic modules generally have an outer protective layer made of glass, because of the need for high light transmittance (> 90.5%) and excellent resistance to aggressive climatic and environmental conditions (mainly resistance to moisture, temperature and UV).
  • the outer protective layer of glass is generally heavy (density of the order of 2.5 g / cm 3 ) and fragile.
  • the invention proposes a photovoltaic module comprising at least one outer protective layer, an inner layer that can convert the solar radiation into electricity, and a protective layer on the back of the module ("backsheet"), the protective layer.
  • external material comprising at least one polymer chosen from the following polymers: cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, alginates and their derivatives, guars and their derivatives, chitin and its derivatives, pectin and its derivatives.
  • the polymer of the outer protective layer may for example be one of the following polymers: cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose triacetate, ethylcellulose , hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, starch, hydroxypropyl starch, starch acetate, starch propionate, starch butyrate or mixed starch esters, gum arabic, agar-agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, calcium alginate, gum tragacanth, guar gum, locust bean gum.
  • the polymer may be a derivative of cellulose, for example cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose triacetate, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethyl.
  • the cellulose derivative is obtained from cellulose derived from high quality wood pulp, or from cellulose resulting from the cotton linter.
  • high quality wood pulp is meant a wood pulp comprising at least 95% by weight of alpha cellulose.
  • the amount of alpha cellulose is determined according to the ISO 692 standard.
  • the cellulose resulting from the cotton linter it is preferably an acetate grade.
  • the polymer may be a cellulose ester. It is generally organic esters and in particular aliphatic esters.
  • the cellulose ester has an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as an ester group. It can be mixed esters of cellulose. Examples of suitable cellulose esters in the context of the invention are: cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetatophthalate, cellulose acetate propionate butyrate.
  • the butyryl group forming the butyrate may be linear or branched.
  • the degree of substitution of the cellulose is between 2 and 3, preferably between 2.3 and 2.9. The degree of substitution of the cellulose is determined according to ASTM standard D871-72.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer of the invention is advantageously between 0.3 and 0.4, preferably between 0.32 and 0, 35. Intrinsic viscosity is measured according to ASTM D871-72.
  • the polymer of the outer protective layer may be a mixture of several polymers.
  • the polymer is cellulose acetate.
  • the outer protective layer advantageously comprises at least 50% by weight of polymer, preferably at least 55% by weight.
  • the outer protective layer comprises a plasticizer.
  • plasticizer there may be mentioned triacetin, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, diethyl citrate, dimethoxy ethyl phthalate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, the sulfonamides n-ethyl-o, p-toluene, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, dibutoxy ethyl phthalate, diamyl phthalate, tributyl citrate, tributyl acetyl citrate, tripropyl acetyl citrate, tripropionine, tributyrin, o-sulfonamide, p-toluene, pentaerythritol tetra
  • the outer protective layer comprises a thermal stabilizer (thermal degradation and / or thermooxidative protector) such as an antioxidant.
  • thermal stabilizers there may be mentioned glycidyl ethers, metal salts of weak acids, substituted phenols, etc.
  • antioxidants examples include hindered phenolic antioxidants. Such antioxidants are for example described in patent applications WO 2004/000921 and WO02 / 053633. Irganox 1076® (octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-r-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) and Nrganox 1010® (tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) methane) are examples. such antioxidants.
  • Irganox 1076® octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-r-hydroxyhydrocinnamate
  • Nrganox 1010® tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) methane
  • antioxidants By way of example of antioxidants, mention may also be made of phosphorus stabilizers, such as phosphites substituted with alkyl and / or aryl radicals, for example Nrgafos 168® (tris- (2,4-di -tert-butylphenyl) phosphite).
  • phosphorus stabilizers such as phosphites substituted with alkyl and / or aryl radicals, for example Nrgafos 168® (tris- (2,4-di -tert-butylphenyl) phosphite).
  • the outer protective layer comprises a light stabilizer.
  • light stabilizers By way of examples of light stabilizers, mention may be made of stabilizers having at least one hindered amine unit (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer H.A.L.S.). Such additives are for example described in patent applications WO 2004/000921 and WO2005 / 040262.
  • UV absorbers may also be mentioned. Such UV absorbers are described in particular in patent application WO 2004/000921.
  • oxanilides benzophenones such as Uvinul 400® (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), benzotriazoles such as Tinuvin 360® (dimeric 2-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole) or 2, 2'-methylenebis (6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol, 2-hydroxyphenyltriazines such as Tinuvin 1577FF® (2,4-Diphenyl- 6- (2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl) -s-triazine, Tinuvin 234® (2- (2H-benzzotriazol-2-yl) 4,6-bis (1-ethyl-1-phenylethylphenol).
  • the outer protective layer may also comprise one or more additives chosen from fillers, dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, surfactants, lubricants, dispersing agents, flame retardants, auxiliary additives or molding, impact modifiers (which must have a refractive index close to that of the outer protective layer polymer to maintain transparency). This list is not exhaustive. Additives must be chosen and used in minimal amounts, to avoid interference with the transmission of solar radiation through the outer protective layer.
  • the outer protective layer does not comprise a metal compound.
  • the outer protective layer may be prepared according to a known method of layer preparation, for example by extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, casting molding, calendering, etc.
  • granules consisting of the constituent compound (s) constituting the outer protective layer, for example by extrusion in the form of rushes, of the polymer or of a composition comprising the polymer. constituent of the outer protective layer; rushes which are then cut to form granules.
  • Additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers etc. can be introduced at different locations of the extrusion device, for example at different locations of a twin-screw extruder.
  • the granules can then be introduced into a layer-forming and transformation device as described above.
  • the outer protective layer is generally a plate.
  • the thickness of the outer protective layer is between 0.025 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 0.05 mm and 10 mm, more preferably between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, even more preferably between 1 mm and 8 mm, all especially between 2 and 6 mm.
  • the surface of the outer protective layer of the invention may be covered with one or more coatings of another material. It may be a protective coating against dirt, abrasion etc.
  • This coating (s) may be made for example of a fluorinated polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
  • the photovoltaic module can be rigid or flexible.
  • the outer protective layer of the invention is optically transparent, that is to say that it has a light transmittance of at least 88% according to ASTM D1003.
  • the photovoltaic module comprises an inner layer that can convert solar radiation into electrical energy, this layer being generally encapsulated, and a protective layer on the back of the module ("backsheet").
  • the inner layer of the photovoltaic module consists of a material that can convert solar radiation into electric current.
  • photovoltaic sensors including the so-called "conventional” sensors based on doped silicon, monocrystalline or polycrystalline; thin-film sensors formed for example of amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, copper-indium disilinide or organic materials can also be used.
  • Photovoltaic sensors are often fragile, and so they are usually encapsulated to be protected. Any known encapsulant can be implemented. By way of example, mention may be made of poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) with peroxides and stabilizers, or thermoplastic encapsulants based on alpha olefins, ionomers, silicones, polyvinyl butyral, and the like.
  • the photovoltaic module As regards the "backsheet”, it must give the photovoltaic module impermeability to moisture, good creep resistance, good tear resistance (ie a film made from the composition must have good mechanical strength), and good electrical insulation.
  • These are generally multilayer films based on fluoropolymer (such as PVF polyvinyl fluoride or PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride) and / or polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • a photovoltaic module is successively placed on a "backsheet", a first layer of lower encapsulant, the inner photovoltaic layer, a second layer of upper encapsulant and the outer protective layer.
  • additional layers can be found between these layers, particularly layers of binders or adhesives. These different layers are assembled to form the module.
  • the photovoltaic modules are a concentrated photovoltaic module.
  • Concentrated photovoltaic modules are known to those skilled in the art. Such modules generally include Fresnel lenses for concentrating the sun's radiation on the photovoltaic cells. Compared to conventional photovoltaic modules, these modules undergo, due to the concentration of solar radiation, significant thermal stresses. The outer protective layer of these modules must therefore have good thermal resistance.
  • the outer protective layer of the invention has very good properties for its application in photovoltaic modules. Indeed, it is transparent (it has a transmittance to high light) and light, and it has good mechanical properties, in particular module. It can be obtained in various sizes and shapes, and is suitable for mass production. Another advantage of the outer protective layer of the invention is that it is made of a biobased material.
  • Plasticized cellulose acetate disks for external protective layer of photovoltaic module were prepared in this example.
  • a cellulose acetate of degree of substitution 2.45 and intrinsic viscosity 0.342 according to the ASTM D871-72 standard was plasticized by 30% by weight of triacetin marketed by Eastman.
  • This material was prepared under the following conditions.
  • the cellulose acetate powder was introduced through the feed hopper and the liquid plasticizer (triacetin) was introduced at the beginning of the screw by a specific feed channel.
  • the implementation conditions applied are the following:
  • a Konica Minolta CM-5® spectrophotometer was then used to measure the transmittance according to ASTM D1003. A 94.3% transmittance at 700 nm was obtained for this 3 mm thick sample.
  • Irganox ® 1010 tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di- (tert) -butyl-4-hydrocinnamate)) methane
  • Ciba tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di- (tert) -butyl-4-hydrocinnamate) methane
  • Irgafos ® 168 tris- (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite
  • Tinuvin ® 234 (2- (2H-benzzotriazol-2-yl) 4,6-bis (1-ethyl-1- phenylethylphenol) (marketed by the company Ciba).

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP11805484.0A 2010-12-20 2011-12-20 Module photovoltaique Withdrawn EP2656394A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1060824A FR2969312B1 (fr) 2010-12-20 2010-12-20 Module photovoltaique
PCT/EP2011/073338 WO2012084898A1 (fr) 2010-12-20 2011-12-20 Module photovoltaique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2656394A1 true EP2656394A1 (fr) 2013-10-30

Family

ID=44310425

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11805484.0A Withdrawn EP2656394A1 (fr) 2010-12-20 2011-12-20 Module photovoltaique

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20130340814A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP2656394A1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2014501443A (ko)
KR (1) KR20140015297A (ko)
CN (1) CN103493213B (ko)
FR (1) FR2969312B1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2012084898A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MX2016004511A (es) 2013-10-10 2016-10-28 Solvay Acetow Gmbh Proceso de acilacion.
FR3084524A1 (fr) * 2018-07-30 2020-01-31 Total Sa Procede fabrication d'un laminat flexible de cellules photovoltaiques

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012084898A1 (fr) 2012-06-28
FR2969312B1 (fr) 2013-01-18
JP2014501443A (ja) 2014-01-20
US20130340814A1 (en) 2013-12-26
KR20140015297A (ko) 2014-02-06
CN103493213A (zh) 2014-01-01
CN103493213B (zh) 2016-10-05
FR2969312A1 (fr) 2012-06-22

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