EP2656394A1 - Pv-modul - Google Patents
Pv-modulInfo
- Publication number
- EP2656394A1 EP2656394A1 EP11805484.0A EP11805484A EP2656394A1 EP 2656394 A1 EP2656394 A1 EP 2656394A1 EP 11805484 A EP11805484 A EP 11805484A EP 2656394 A1 EP2656394 A1 EP 2656394A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective layer
- photovoltaic module
- outer protective
- derivatives
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- -1 tripropyl acetyl Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEAZPWBJLXTNOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylbutan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MEAZPWBJLXTNOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCC ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UYXTWWCETRIEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyrin Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCC)COC(=O)CCC UYXTWWCETRIEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical class C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPKKHRVROFYTEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCC IPKKHRVROFYTEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMMVCTFOVNOGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-propanoyloxyethoxy)ethyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)CC YMMVCTFOVNOGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHCGGLXPGFJNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2H-benzotriazol-4-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 YHCGGLXPGFJNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVFXWNQQSSNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-hexoxyphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 LEVFXWNQQSSNAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLFNXLXEGXRUOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLFNXLXEGXRUOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTTGVORJOBRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(triazin-4-yl)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NN=N1 HTTGVORJOBRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUODQIKUTGWMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=N1 UUODQIKUTGWMPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZBLUWVMZMXIKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-o-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl) 1-o-ethyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC PZBLUWVMZMXIKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJERZJLSXBRUDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-o-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl) 1-o-methyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC(O)CO YJERZJLSXBRUDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGYXYKHTHJPEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethoxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(=O)OCC KGYXYKHTHJPEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBGYSHXGENGTBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(2-ethylhexoxy)-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O MBGYSHXGENGTBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- GOJCZVPJCKEBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl phthalyl butylglycolate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC GOJCZVPJCKEBQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Starch acetate Chemical compound O1C(CO)C(OC)C(O)C(O)C1OCC1C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O2)OC(C)=O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(C)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 MKRNVBXERAPZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YYQRGCZGSFRBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclofos Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl YYQRGCZGSFRBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUHCZCFQVONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-acetyloxy-2,2-bis(acetyloxymethyl)propyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(COC(C)=O)(COC(C)=O)COC(C)=O OUHCZCFQVONTOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFXKCWHJWJCIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[In+3].[Cu+2].[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[In+3].[Cu+2].[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1.[Si-]1=[SiH]C=CC=C1 YFXKCWHJWJCIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGZICOVULPINFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCCC(O)=O UGZICOVULPINFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXNSVYZNGNYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;butanoic acid;propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCC(O)=O.CCCC(O)=O PNXNSVYZNGNYIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium formate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- CMCJNODIWQEOAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-butoxyethyl)phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCOCCCC CMCJNODIWQEOAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methoxyethyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCOC HSUIVCLOAAJSRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000010410 calcium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000648 calcium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002681 calcium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L calcium;(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxy-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-2-carboxylato-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)C([O-])=O)O)[C@H](C(O)=O)O1 OKHHGHGGPDJQHR-YMOPUZKJSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCYQQSKDZQTOQG-NXEZZACHSA-N dibutyl (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)OCCCC PCYQQSKDZQTOQG-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RISLXYINQFKFRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC RISLXYINQFKFRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(C)=O UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012761 high-performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001341 hydroxy propyl starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013828 hydroxypropyl starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- OHFCLJNYYRPINY-JGCGQSQUSA-N octadecyl (2r)-3-(3,5-ditert-butylphenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)[C@H](O)CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OHFCLJNYYRPINY-JGCGQSQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical group [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093635 tributyl phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001147 triclofos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZWRNSARCRTXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropionin Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CC)COC(=O)CC YZWRNSARCRTXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/041—Provisions for preventing damage caused by corpuscular radiation, e.g. for space applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymeric layer; and in particular the use of this polymeric layer as an external protective layer of a photovoltaic module.
- a photovoltaic module includes a "photovoltaic cell", this cell being capable of transforming light energy into electricity.
- Photovoltaic modules generally have an outer protective layer made of glass, because of the need for high light transmittance (> 90.5%) and excellent resistance to aggressive climatic and environmental conditions (mainly resistance to moisture, temperature and UV).
- the outer protective layer of glass is generally heavy (density of the order of 2.5 g / cm 3 ) and fragile.
- the invention proposes a photovoltaic module comprising at least one outer protective layer, an inner layer that can convert the solar radiation into electricity, and a protective layer on the back of the module ("backsheet"), the protective layer.
- external material comprising at least one polymer chosen from the following polymers: cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, alginates and their derivatives, guars and their derivatives, chitin and its derivatives, pectin and its derivatives.
- the polymer of the outer protective layer may for example be one of the following polymers: cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose triacetate, ethylcellulose , hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, starch, hydroxypropyl starch, starch acetate, starch propionate, starch butyrate or mixed starch esters, gum arabic, agar-agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, calcium alginate, gum tragacanth, guar gum, locust bean gum.
- the polymer may be a derivative of cellulose, for example cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose triacetate, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethyl.
- the cellulose derivative is obtained from cellulose derived from high quality wood pulp, or from cellulose resulting from the cotton linter.
- high quality wood pulp is meant a wood pulp comprising at least 95% by weight of alpha cellulose.
- the amount of alpha cellulose is determined according to the ISO 692 standard.
- the cellulose resulting from the cotton linter it is preferably an acetate grade.
- the polymer may be a cellulose ester. It is generally organic esters and in particular aliphatic esters.
- the cellulose ester has an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms as an ester group. It can be mixed esters of cellulose. Examples of suitable cellulose esters in the context of the invention are: cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetatophthalate, cellulose acetate propionate butyrate.
- the butyryl group forming the butyrate may be linear or branched.
- the degree of substitution of the cellulose is between 2 and 3, preferably between 2.3 and 2.9. The degree of substitution of the cellulose is determined according to ASTM standard D871-72.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer of the invention is advantageously between 0.3 and 0.4, preferably between 0.32 and 0, 35. Intrinsic viscosity is measured according to ASTM D871-72.
- the polymer of the outer protective layer may be a mixture of several polymers.
- the polymer is cellulose acetate.
- the outer protective layer advantageously comprises at least 50% by weight of polymer, preferably at least 55% by weight.
- the outer protective layer comprises a plasticizer.
- plasticizer there may be mentioned triacetin, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, diethyl citrate, dimethoxy ethyl phthalate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, the sulfonamides n-ethyl-o, p-toluene, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, dibutoxy ethyl phthalate, diamyl phthalate, tributyl citrate, tributyl acetyl citrate, tripropyl acetyl citrate, tripropionine, tributyrin, o-sulfonamide, p-toluene, pentaerythritol tetra
- the outer protective layer comprises a thermal stabilizer (thermal degradation and / or thermooxidative protector) such as an antioxidant.
- thermal stabilizers there may be mentioned glycidyl ethers, metal salts of weak acids, substituted phenols, etc.
- antioxidants examples include hindered phenolic antioxidants. Such antioxidants are for example described in patent applications WO 2004/000921 and WO02 / 053633. Irganox 1076® (octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-r-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) and Nrganox 1010® (tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) methane) are examples. such antioxidants.
- Irganox 1076® octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-r-hydroxyhydrocinnamate
- Nrganox 1010® tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) methane
- antioxidants By way of example of antioxidants, mention may also be made of phosphorus stabilizers, such as phosphites substituted with alkyl and / or aryl radicals, for example Nrgafos 168® (tris- (2,4-di -tert-butylphenyl) phosphite).
- phosphorus stabilizers such as phosphites substituted with alkyl and / or aryl radicals, for example Nrgafos 168® (tris- (2,4-di -tert-butylphenyl) phosphite).
- the outer protective layer comprises a light stabilizer.
- light stabilizers By way of examples of light stabilizers, mention may be made of stabilizers having at least one hindered amine unit (Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer H.A.L.S.). Such additives are for example described in patent applications WO 2004/000921 and WO2005 / 040262.
- UV absorbers may also be mentioned. Such UV absorbers are described in particular in patent application WO 2004/000921.
- oxanilides benzophenones such as Uvinul 400® (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), benzotriazoles such as Tinuvin 360® (dimeric 2-hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole) or 2, 2'-methylenebis (6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol, 2-hydroxyphenyltriazines such as Tinuvin 1577FF® (2,4-Diphenyl- 6- (2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl) -s-triazine, Tinuvin 234® (2- (2H-benzzotriazol-2-yl) 4,6-bis (1-ethyl-1-phenylethylphenol).
- the outer protective layer may also comprise one or more additives chosen from fillers, dyes, pigments, antistatic agents, surfactants, lubricants, dispersing agents, flame retardants, auxiliary additives or molding, impact modifiers (which must have a refractive index close to that of the outer protective layer polymer to maintain transparency). This list is not exhaustive. Additives must be chosen and used in minimal amounts, to avoid interference with the transmission of solar radiation through the outer protective layer.
- the outer protective layer does not comprise a metal compound.
- the outer protective layer may be prepared according to a known method of layer preparation, for example by extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, casting molding, calendering, etc.
- granules consisting of the constituent compound (s) constituting the outer protective layer, for example by extrusion in the form of rushes, of the polymer or of a composition comprising the polymer. constituent of the outer protective layer; rushes which are then cut to form granules.
- Additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers etc. can be introduced at different locations of the extrusion device, for example at different locations of a twin-screw extruder.
- the granules can then be introduced into a layer-forming and transformation device as described above.
- the outer protective layer is generally a plate.
- the thickness of the outer protective layer is between 0.025 mm and 15 mm, preferably between 0.05 mm and 10 mm, more preferably between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, even more preferably between 1 mm and 8 mm, all especially between 2 and 6 mm.
- the surface of the outer protective layer of the invention may be covered with one or more coatings of another material. It may be a protective coating against dirt, abrasion etc.
- This coating (s) may be made for example of a fluorinated polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- the photovoltaic module can be rigid or flexible.
- the outer protective layer of the invention is optically transparent, that is to say that it has a light transmittance of at least 88% according to ASTM D1003.
- the photovoltaic module comprises an inner layer that can convert solar radiation into electrical energy, this layer being generally encapsulated, and a protective layer on the back of the module ("backsheet").
- the inner layer of the photovoltaic module consists of a material that can convert solar radiation into electric current.
- photovoltaic sensors including the so-called "conventional” sensors based on doped silicon, monocrystalline or polycrystalline; thin-film sensors formed for example of amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, copper-indium disilinide or organic materials can also be used.
- Photovoltaic sensors are often fragile, and so they are usually encapsulated to be protected. Any known encapsulant can be implemented. By way of example, mention may be made of poly (ethylene vinyl acetate) with peroxides and stabilizers, or thermoplastic encapsulants based on alpha olefins, ionomers, silicones, polyvinyl butyral, and the like.
- the photovoltaic module As regards the "backsheet”, it must give the photovoltaic module impermeability to moisture, good creep resistance, good tear resistance (ie a film made from the composition must have good mechanical strength), and good electrical insulation.
- These are generally multilayer films based on fluoropolymer (such as PVF polyvinyl fluoride or PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride) and / or polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- a photovoltaic module is successively placed on a "backsheet", a first layer of lower encapsulant, the inner photovoltaic layer, a second layer of upper encapsulant and the outer protective layer.
- additional layers can be found between these layers, particularly layers of binders or adhesives. These different layers are assembled to form the module.
- the photovoltaic modules are a concentrated photovoltaic module.
- Concentrated photovoltaic modules are known to those skilled in the art. Such modules generally include Fresnel lenses for concentrating the sun's radiation on the photovoltaic cells. Compared to conventional photovoltaic modules, these modules undergo, due to the concentration of solar radiation, significant thermal stresses. The outer protective layer of these modules must therefore have good thermal resistance.
- the outer protective layer of the invention has very good properties for its application in photovoltaic modules. Indeed, it is transparent (it has a transmittance to high light) and light, and it has good mechanical properties, in particular module. It can be obtained in various sizes and shapes, and is suitable for mass production. Another advantage of the outer protective layer of the invention is that it is made of a biobased material.
- Plasticized cellulose acetate disks for external protective layer of photovoltaic module were prepared in this example.
- a cellulose acetate of degree of substitution 2.45 and intrinsic viscosity 0.342 according to the ASTM D871-72 standard was plasticized by 30% by weight of triacetin marketed by Eastman.
- This material was prepared under the following conditions.
- the cellulose acetate powder was introduced through the feed hopper and the liquid plasticizer (triacetin) was introduced at the beginning of the screw by a specific feed channel.
- the implementation conditions applied are the following:
- a Konica Minolta CM-5® spectrophotometer was then used to measure the transmittance according to ASTM D1003. A 94.3% transmittance at 700 nm was obtained for this 3 mm thick sample.
- Irganox ® 1010 tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di- (tert) -butyl-4-hydrocinnamate)) methane
- Ciba tetrakis (methylene (3,5-di- (tert) -butyl-4-hydrocinnamate) methane
- Irgafos ® 168 tris- (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite
- Tinuvin ® 234 (2- (2H-benzzotriazol-2-yl) 4,6-bis (1-ethyl-1- phenylethylphenol) (marketed by the company Ciba).
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1060824A FR2969312B1 (fr) | 2010-12-20 | 2010-12-20 | Module photovoltaique |
PCT/EP2011/073338 WO2012084898A1 (fr) | 2010-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Module photovoltaique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2656394A1 true EP2656394A1 (de) | 2013-10-30 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP11805484.0A Withdrawn EP2656394A1 (de) | 2010-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Pv-modul |
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US (1) | US20130340814A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2656394A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2014501443A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20140015297A (de) |
CN (1) | CN103493213B (de) |
FR (1) | FR2969312B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2012084898A1 (de) |
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US10889654B2 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2021-01-12 | Solvay Acetow Gmbh | Acylation process |
FR3084524A1 (fr) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-01-31 | Total Sa | Procede fabrication d'un laminat flexible de cellules photovoltaiques |
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FR820109A (fr) * | 1936-11-30 | 1937-11-04 | Zeiss Ikon Ag | Cellule photo-électrique |
GB1473108A (de) * | 1973-09-14 | 1977-05-11 | ||
JP3942669B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 2007-07-11 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 物理強度に優れたセルロースアセテート、及びその製造法 |
JP2000124341A (ja) * | 1998-10-21 | 2000-04-28 | Sony Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
TWI225499B (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2004-12-21 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | Protective film for polarizing plate |
JP4378084B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-20 | 2009-12-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | セルロースアセテートフイルムの製造方法 |
JP2002194228A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-10 | Konica Corp | 基板フィルム及び製造方法 |
FR2818985B1 (fr) | 2000-12-29 | 2004-02-20 | Nylstar Sa | Procede de fabrication de compositions stabilisees a base de polyamide |
AU2003246417A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-06 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Stabilized polyamide compositions |
JP4342775B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-31 | 2009-10-14 | 日東電工株式会社 | 透明導電性フィルム用表面保護フィルム及びその製造方法並びに表面保護フィルム付き透明導電性フィルム |
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FR2861083B1 (fr) | 2003-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Rhodianyl | Composition stabilisee vis a vis de la lumiere et/ou de la chaleur |
KR101074948B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-17 | 2011-10-18 | 가부시키가이샤 브리지스톤 | 반사 방지 필름, 전자파 실드성 광 투과창재, 가스 방전형발광 패널, 플랫 디스플레이 패널, 진열창재 및 태양 전지모듈 |
JP2005181543A (ja) * | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-07 | Bridgestone Corp | 反射防止フィルム |
US20100147381A1 (en) * | 2005-07-13 | 2010-06-17 | Haney Michael W | Ultra and very high efficiency solar cells |
WO2008004556A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-06 | 2008-01-10 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Module de cellule solaire sensible aux colorants et procédé de fabrication correspondant |
WO2008152889A1 (ja) * | 2007-06-11 | 2008-12-18 | Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. | 光電変換素子、光電変換素子の製造方法、イメージセンサおよび放射線画像検出器 |
JP2009157339A (ja) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-07-16 | Nitto Denko Corp | 偏光板、液晶パネルおよび液晶表示装置 |
US20090151773A1 (en) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Acid Terpolymer Films or Sheets and Articles Comprising the Same |
US20090288701A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | E.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solar cell laminates having colored multi-layer encapsulant sheets |
CN102272945A (zh) * | 2009-03-06 | 2011-12-07 | 株式会社爱发科 | 无框太阳能电池板及其制造方法 |
-
2010
- 2010-12-20 FR FR1060824A patent/FR2969312B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-12-20 CN CN201180068003.3A patent/CN103493213B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-12-20 WO PCT/EP2011/073338 patent/WO2012084898A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-12-20 JP JP2013543833A patent/JP2014501443A/ja active Pending
- 2011-12-20 US US13/995,384 patent/US20130340814A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-12-20 KR KR1020137019026A patent/KR20140015297A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-12-20 EP EP11805484.0A patent/EP2656394A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2012084898A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2014501443A (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
FR2969312A1 (fr) | 2012-06-22 |
FR2969312B1 (fr) | 2013-01-18 |
WO2012084898A1 (fr) | 2012-06-28 |
US20130340814A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
CN103493213A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
CN103493213B (zh) | 2016-10-05 |
KR20140015297A (ko) | 2014-02-06 |
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