Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
  • B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
  • B64C1/12—Construction or attachment of skin panels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
  • B64D15/02—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by ducted hot gas or liquid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/0895—Manufacture of polymers by continuous processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
  • C08G18/4269—Lactones
  • C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
  • C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
  • C08G18/664—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C09J133/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
  • C09J7/22—Plastics; Metallised plastics
  • C09J7/25—Plastics; Metallised plastics based on macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
  • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2405/00—Adhesive articles, e.g. adhesive tapes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
  • B64D15/12—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft by electric heating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2270/00—Compositions for creating interpenetrating networks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
  • C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
  • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
  • C09J2301/414—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components presence of a copolymer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
  • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
  • C09J2400/28—Presence of paper
  • C09J2400/283—Presence of paper in the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin
  • C09J2423/04—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
  • C09J2423/045—Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene in the release coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2433/00—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer
  • C09J2433/006—Presence of (meth)acrylic polymer in the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2467/00—Presence of polyester
  • C09J2467/005—Presence of polyester in the release coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2475/00—Presence of polyurethane
  • C09J2475/006—Presence of polyurethane in the substrate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer

Definitions

• This invention relates to erosion resistant protective films which may be used on aerodynamic surfaces in conjunction with de-icing apparati.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,544,845 purportedly discloses an ice protection apparatus including a top polyurethane layer, an active layer, and a base layer cured together into a unitary matrix, wherein the base layer is either polyurethane or chloroprene.
• U.S. Pat. App. No. 2005/271,881 purportedly discloses a method relating to abrasion resistant coatings which comprises disposing on a substrate one or more coatings, wherein one coating comprises an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer and a curing agent; wherein the curing agents comprise polyaspartic esters, ketimines, aldimines, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing curing agents; reacting the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer with a curing agent; wherein the reacting can optionally be carried out in the presence of moisture or heat; and curing the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer to form the coating.
• the reference purportedly discloses use of the coating to protect certain aircraft surfaces.
• an erosion resistant construction comprising, first, an element of an aircraft comprising: an aircraft skin segment having an external surface, and a deicing mechanism associated with said aircraft skin segment capable of heating said external surface to temperatures in excess of 65°C; and, second, a tape comprising: at least one layer comprising a crosslinked elastomeric polymer, which may be a crosslinked polymer selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyurethane, crosslinked polyurea, and crosslinked mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer, and an adhesive layer; wherein the tape is bonded to the external surface of the aircraft skin segment by the adhesive layer.
• the tape contains no uncrosslinked polymer other than the adhesive.
• the crosslinked polymer may additionally comprise an acrylate component.
• the crosslinked polymer may be a radiation crosslinked polymer.
• the crosslinked polymer may be an e-beam crosslinked polymer or a UV crosslinked polymer.
• the adhesive layer may comprise an acrylic adhesive.
• the external surface of the aircraft skin segment may include one or more layers of paint, primer, or both.
• the aircraft skin segment is typically a portion of an airplane wing or a portion of a helicopter rotor.
• the tape comprises at least one layer comprising a semi-interpenetrating polymer network of a crosslinked acrylate and an uncrosslinked polymer selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyurea, and mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer.
• the disclosure provides a tape comprising: a) a single layer comprising a crosslinked polymer, selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyurethane, crosslinked polyurea, and crosslinked mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer, and b) an adhesive layer.
• the present disclosure provides an erosion resistant construction comprising, first, an element of an aircraft comprising: an aircraft skin segment having an external surface, and a deicing mechanism associated with said aircraft skin segment capable of heating said external surface to temperatures in excess of 65°C; and, second, a tape comprising: at least one layer comprising a crosslinked elastomeric polymer such as a crosslinked polymer selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyurethane, crosslinked polyurea, and crosslinked mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer, and an adhesive layer; wherein the tape is bonded to the external surface of the aircraft skin segment by the adhesive layer.
• the crosslinked polymer may additionally comprise an acrylate component.
• the crosslinked polymer may be a radiation crosslinked polymer.
• the crosslinked polymer may be an e-beam crosslinked polymer or a UV crosslinked polymer.
• the adhesive layer may comprise an acrylic adhesive.
• the tape comprises at least one layer comprising a semi-interpenetrating polymer network of a crosslinked acrylate and an uncrosslinked polymer selected from the group consisting of polyurethane and polyurea.
• the aircraft skin segment may be any external segment associated with a deicing mechanism, and is typically a portion of an airplane wing or a portion of a helicopter rotor.
• the skin segment and the external surface thereof may be of any suitable materials, including metals, composites, and the like.
• the external surface of the aircraft skin segment may include one or more layers of paint, primer, or both.
• the external surface of the aircraft skin segment typically includes one or more layers of primer topped with one or more layers of paint, which may include original manufacture layers or re-priming or re-paining layers or combinations thereof.
• the external surface of the aircraft skin segment may be unpainted metal or composite material.
• the deicing mechanism may be any suitable mechanism capable of heating said external surface to temperatures in excess of 65°C, more typically in excess of 80°C, more typically in excess of 100°C, and more typically in excess of 120°C.
• Typical mechanisms may include electrically powered mechanisms, such as resistance heaters or radiative heaters, or mechanisms including conduits conducting re-directed jet exhaust.
• the tape can remain substantially without blisters after one cycle of the following test: humidification in a humidity chamber at 45 °C and 95% RH for 7 hours, followed by heating to a temperature of 123°C for a duration of 5 minutes, followed by cooling to 25°C. More typically the tape can remain substantially without blisters after ten cycles, and more typically one hundred cycles.
• the tape comprises a crosslinked elastomeric polymer.
• Any suitable crosslinked elastomeric polymer may be used, which may include rubbers, natural rubbers, butyl rubbers, polyisoprenes, polybutadienes, SBR's, NBR's, HNBR's, EPM rubbers, EPDM rubbers, fluoroelastomers, silicones, polysulfide rubbers, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, chlorinated polyethylenes, polyurethanes, polyureas, and the like, or mixtures thereof. Additional crosslinked elastomeric polymers which may be useful may be disclosed in Gent, ed., Engineering with Rubber: How to Design Rubber Components, 2d ed. (Hanser Gardner 2001 ).
• the tape comprises at least one layer comprising a crosslinked polymer selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyurethane, crosslinked polyurea, and crosslinked mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer and an adhesive layer.
• a crosslinked polymer selected from the group consisting of crosslinked polyurethane, crosslinked polyurea, and crosslinked mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer and an adhesive layer.
• Any suitable crosslinked polyurethane or crosslinked polyurea may be used.
• Suitable polyurethanes may include polymers of polyisocyanates and polyols.
• Suitable polyureas may include polymers of polyisocyanates and polyamines.
• the crosslinked polymer may be a mixed polyurethane/polyurea polymer derived from polyisocyanates and a mixture of polyols and polyamines. Any suitable polyisocyanates, polyols or polyamines may be used.
• Suitable polyisocyanates may include aromatic isocyanates, aliphatic isocyanates, polyisocyanates, or combinations thereof.
• Suitable aromatic isocyanates may include Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,4-Phenylene diisocyanate, 1,3-Phenylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-Dimethyl diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, Diphenylmethane-2,2'-diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, 4,4'-Biphenyldiisocyanate, 1,5-Naphthalene Diisocyanate, 2-Methyl-1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate and mixtures of the two isomers, diphenylmethane-2,4'-diisocyanate, 4-Ethyl-m-phen
• Suitable aliphatic isocyanates may include 2,4,4-Trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-Trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-Cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, Trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI), Decamethylene diisocyanate, Methylene diisocyanate, Methylene-bis(4-Cyclohexylisocyanate) (H12MDI), dimeryl diisocyanate, trans-1,4-Cyclohexane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• IPDI Isophorone Diisocyanate
• H12MDI Methylene-bis(4-Cyclohexylisocyanate)
• dimeryl diisocyanate trans-1,4-Cyclohexane di
• Suitable isocyanates may include polyisocyanates, including those based on any of the above.
• Suitable polyols may include polyester polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polyether polyols, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene and hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable polyamines may include JEFFAMINE® polyetheramines and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• chain extenders may be included, which are typically monomeric or low molecular weight difunctional compounds.
• Suitable hydroxy chain extenders may include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4 butanediol, and 2-methyl-1,3-propylenediol and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable amino chain extenders may include 1,4 diaminobutane, Ethylenediamine, 1,2 diaminopropane, 1,3 diaminopropane, 1,2 diaminocyclohexane, isophorone diamine, secondary cycloaliphatic diamines, diethyltoluenediamine, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• the crosslinked polymer may additionally comprise an acrylate component.
• the acrylate component is derived from any suitable acrylate component precursor, which is any suitable monomer, oligomer or polymer with an acrylate double bond available for polymerization.
• acrylate component precursors are crosslinked by e-beam or other radiation during formation of the tape to form the acrylate component ultimately present in the finished tape.
• the acrylate component precursor is copolymerized into the polyurethane or polyurea prior to crosslinking of the acrylate component precursor.
• Suitable acrylates of this type include one or more groups which polymerize with the polyurethane or polyurea, such as alcohol or amine groups, and one or more acrylate double bonds available for polymerization.
• Other suitable species may include caprolactone acrylates, hydroxyethyl acrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• the acrylate component precursor is blended with the polyurethane or polyurea prior to crosslinking of the acrylate component precursor.
• the polyurethane or polyurea form an interpenetrating polymer network or semi-interpenetrating polymer network with the crosslinked acrylate component in the final tape.
• An interpenetrating polymer network is formed where both the acrylate component and the polyurethane or polyurea are crosslinked.
• a semi-interpenetrating polymer network is formed where the acrylate component is crosslinked and the polyurethane or polyurea are not.
• Suitable arcylates of this type include CN996, used in the Examples below. Suitable arcylates of this type are typically at least partially miscible in the polyurethane or polyurea.
• the crosslinked polymer may be crosslinked by any suitable means, including radiation crosslinking, such as by e-beam, UV, visible light, IR, and the like, or covalent crosslinking achieved by the inclusion of crosslinking agents or polyfunctional monomers in the polymer during manufacture.
• Polyfunctional monomers may include polyisocyanates, polyols, polyamines, and the like, or mixtures thereof.
• the tape contains no uncrosslinked polymer other than the adhesive. In one embodiment, the tape contains no polymer layer other than the adhesive that does not contain crosslinked polymer.
• the tape is typically transparent or translucent but may also be pigmented.
• the tape may have any suitable thickness. Typical thickness is between 0.01 mm and 3.0 mm, more typically between 0.01 mm and 1.0 mm, more typically between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm, more typically between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm, and more typically between 0.25 mm and 0.75 mm.
• the adhesive layer may comprise an acrylic adhesive.
• the adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
• Suitable adhesives may include acrylics, polyurethanes, silicones, styrene-butadiene block copolymers, styrene-isoprene block copolymers, and the like.
• the tape may be made by any suitable method, including those demonstrated in the Examples below. Suitable methods may include blending of polyurethane or polyurea with an acrylate (e.g., Ex. 1), reactive extrusion (e.g., Exs. 2-4), or reactive coating (e.g., Exs. 5 and 6).
• Suitable methods may include blending of polyurethane or polyurea with an acrylate (e.g., Ex. 1), reactive extrusion (e.g., Exs. 2-4), or reactive coating (e.g., Exs. 5 and 6).
• This invention is useful, e.g., in the design, manufacture and maintenance of aircraft, e.g., to provide erosion resistance on aircraft that utilize an internal deicing system.
• CAPA®3091 A polyester triol terminated by primary hydroxyl groups having a molecular weight of 900 available from Solvay Caprolactones, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom DBTDL Dibutyltindilaurate catalyst available commercially as Dabco® T-12 from Air Products, Allentown, PA SR495B SR495B caprolactone acrylate, M.W.
• Adhesive Transfer Tape 965 commercially available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN PPT 8681 HS 0.014" thick gray Polyurethane Protective Tape with 0.002" of a high shear pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive available from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN PPT 8673 0.014" thick Polyurethane Protective Tape with 0.002" of a pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive available from 3M Company, St.
• Films were made by extrusion, reactive extrusion or reactive coating, as described following. Some films were further treated with e-beam irradiation, as described following.
• Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were made using a 25mm co-rotating Berstorff model ZE25 twin screw extruder (available from Berstorff USA, Florence, KY).
• the extruder contained 10 barrel zones, each independently heated.
• a melt pump was used at the end of the extruder to feed the polymer melt into a 12" (30.5 cm) coat hanger die available from Extrusion Dies, Inc Chippewa Falls, WI.
• the die had a 0.050" (1.27 mm) nominal die opening with an adjustable lip.
• the films extruded through the film die were then cast onto non-stick non-silicone non-fluoropolymer paper liner supported by a casting roll. Film caliper was controlled by die bolts within the die and by maintenance of wind up speed.
• Example 1 a polyurethane and a urethane acrylate oligomer were mixed in the extruder and extruded together to form a film.
• Examples 2, 3 and 4 monomers were fed into the extruder and polymerization took place in the extruder, allowing a polymer melt to be extruded out the end.
• Example 1 polyurethane flake was fed into zone 2 using a gravimetric feeder equipped with double spiral screws, available under the trade designation "K-Tron gravimetric feeder, model K-CL-SFS-KT20" from K-Tron International, Pitman, New Jersey. Grey Pigment was fed into zone 2 using a second K-Tron gravimetric feeder.
• the urethane acrylate oligomer was heated to 55 °C in an electrically heated vessel and fed into zone 3 at 55 °C with a Zenith® gear pump, available from Zenith® Pumps, Monroe, NC.
• the isocyanate (Desmodur W) and the polyol batch were both fed into zone 3 of the extruder.
• Desmodur W was fed to the extruder with a Zenith® gear pump, available from Zenith® Pumps, Monroe, NC.
• the polyol solution was mixed prior to feeding.
• the polyol solution was heated to 55 °C in an electrically heated vessel and fed at 55 °C with a Zenith® gear pump, available from Zenith® Pumps, Monroe, NC.
• Grey Pigment was fed into zone 2 using a K-Tron gravimetric feeder.
• Examples 5 and 6 demonstrate reactive coating.
• monomers were mixed and coated between two non-stick non-silicone non-fluoropolymer release liners. The monomers were then thermally cured to create polymeric films.
• the polyol or polyamine monomers were premixed, optionally with catalyst, in a 25 ml polyethylene cup. To this mixture, the isocyanate (Desmodur W) was added and mixed. This reactive mixture was then immediately poured onto a 2 or 4 mil (0.05 or 0.10 mm) thick release liner. An additional release liner was placed on top of the reactive mixture, creating a sandwich structure. This construct was then pulled under a coating knife set at a pre-determined depth to create a film of uniform thickness and then heated to 70°C for 1 hour to cure.
• isocyanate Desmodur W
• the films of Examples 1, 2 and 3 were crosslinked via e-beam irradiation using an ESI 'Electrocurtain' CB-300 operated at a maximum accelerating voltage of 300 keV and at a sufficient current to deliver a dose of 20 kGy in a single pass.
• Three inch by eight inch aluminum panels were prepared by painting with Deft 02-Y-40A (spec MIL-PRF-23377j) epoxy primer followed by Deft 99-GY-001 (spec MIL-PRF-85285D) military gray paint.
• Applied to a painted panel were one 3" x 3" (7.6 cm x 7.6 cm) square of the Example tape to be tested and a 3" x 3" (7.6 cm x 7.6 cm) square of a comparative tape selected from: PPT 8681 HS, PPT 8673 and PPT 8667 HS.
• the panels were left at ambient conditions for 24 hours and then conditioned in a humidity chamber at 45 °C and 95% RH for 7 hours.
• the panels were removed from the humidity chamber and immediately placed on a hot plate set to 125 °C. The samples were heated for 5 minutes and then removed.
• Example 1 The film of Example 1 was made by extrusion. Krystalgran polyurethane pellets and CN996 were blended, extruded and formed into a film of 26 mil (0.66 mm) nominal thickness onto a polyethylene coated paper liner. The material flow rates into the extruder were: polyurethane 12.0 lb/hr, gray pigment 0.5 lb/hr, CN996 1.0 lb/hr. The films were then e-beam irradiated at 16 Mrad on the open face and then irradiated through the paper liner at 4 Mrad, both at a rate of 22 ft/min. The film was determined to be crosslinked.
• Example 1 The film of Example 1 was corona treated, coated with a 90/10 isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid monomer mixture with photoinitiator at a coating thickness of 3 mil (0.076 mm), and then UV cured to form a pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive.
• This adhesive is described in U.S. Pat Nos. 4,329,384 and 4,330,590 , the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the tape was then subjected to the Blister Determination Test in comparison with PPT 8667 HS.
• the tape of Example 1 exhibited no blistering and the surface remained unchanged, while the sample of PPT 8667 HS blistered and became slightly glossier.
• Example 2 The film of Example 2 was made by reactive extrusion.
• the composition of the polyol solution used in Example 2 is shown in Table III.
• the feed rates and pump settings for both the isocyanate and the polyol solution are shown in Table IV.
• the polymer was extruded as a film of 30 mil (0.76 mm) nominal thickness onto a polyethylene coated paper liner. Table III Ex.
• Example 2 The film of Example 2 was e-beam irradiated at 10 Mrad on the open face and then irradiated through the paper liner at 2 Mrad, both at a rate of 22 ft/min. The film was determined to be crosslinked.
• Example 2 The film of Example 2 was corona treated, coated with a 90/10 isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid monomer mixture with photoinitiator at a coating thickness of 3 mil (0.076 mm), and then UV cured to form a pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive. The tape was then subjected to the Blister Determination Test in comparison with PPT 8667 HS. The tape of Example 2 exhibited no blistering and the surface remained unchanged, while the sample of PPT 8667 HS blistered and became slightly glossier.
• Example 3 The film of Example 3 was made by reactive extrusion.
• the composition of the polyol solution used in Example 3 is shown in Table III.
• the feed rates and pump settings for both the isocyanate and the polyol solution are shown in Table IV.
• the polymer was extruded as a film of 25 mil (0.64 mm) nominal thickness onto a polyethylene coated paper liner.
• Example 3 The film of Example 3 was e-beam irradiated at 4 Mrad at a rate of 22 ft/min on the open face only. The film was determined to be crosslinked.
• Example 3 The film of Example 3 was corona treated, coated with a 90/10 isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid monomer mixture with photoinitiator at a coating thickness of 3 mil (0.076 mm), and then UV cured to form a pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive. The tape was then subjected to the Blister Determination Test in comparison with PPT 8667 HS. The tape of Example 3 exhibited no blistering and the surface remained unchanged, while the sample of PPT 8667 HS blistered and became slightly glossier.
• Example 4 The film of Example 4 was made by reactive extrusion.
• the composition of the polyol solution used in Example 4 is shown in Table III.
• the feed rates and pump settings for both the isocyanate and the polyol solution are shown in Table IV.
• the polymer was extruded as a film of 35 mil (0.89 mm) nominal thickness onto a polyethylene coated paper liner.
• Example 4 The film of Example 4 was not e-beam irradiated. One week after film formation the film was determined to be crosslinked.
• Example 4 The film of Example 4 was corona treated, coated with a 90/10 isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid monomer mixture with photoinitiator at a coating thickness of 3 mil (0.076 mm), and then UV cured to form a pressure sensitive acrylic adhesive. The tape was then subjected to the Blister Determination Test in comparison with PPT 8667 HS. The tape of Example 4 exhibited no blistering and the surface remained unchanged, while the sample of PPT 8667 HS blistered and became slightly glossier.
• Example 5 The film of Example 5 was made by reactive coating using a 2 mil (0.05 mm) thick non-stick non-silicone non-fluoropolymer PET release liner to make a 6 mil (0.15 mm) thick film.
• the composition used is shown in Table V.
• Table V H12MDI (g) Tone 2221 (g) Gray Pigment (g) Capa 3091 (g) BDO (g) DBTDL (g) 4.10 4.39 0.49 0.29 0.94 0.01
• Example 5 The film of Example 5 was not e-beam irradiated. 24 hours after film formation the film was determined to be crosslinked.
• Example 5 To add adhesive to the film of Example 5, the film was corona treated, laminated with Transfer Tape 965, and then the transfer tape backing was removed leaving behind adhesive laminated to the film. The resulting tape was then subjected to the Blister Determination Test in comparison with PPT 8681 HS. The tape of Example 5 exhibited no blistering and the surface remained unchanged, while the sample of PPT 8681 HS blistered and became slightly glossier.
• Example 6 The film of Example 6 was made by reactive coating using a 4 mil (0.10 mm) thick linear low density polyethylene release liner to make a 10 mil (0.25 mm) thick film.
• the composition used is shown in Table VI.
• Table VI H12MDI (g) D-2000 (g) T-5000 (g) Ethacure 100-LC (g) 4.46 10.00 1.60 2.00
• Example 6 The film of Example 6 was not e-beam irradiated. Twenty-four hours after film formation the film was determined to be crosslinked.
• Example 6 To add adhesive to the film of Example 6, the film was corona treated, laminated with Transfer Tape 965, and then the transfer tape backing was removed leaving behind adhesive laminated to the film. The resulting tape was then subjected to the Blister Determination Test in comparison with PPT 8673. The tape of Example 5 exhibited no blistering and the surface remained unchanged, while the sample of PPT 8673 blistered.

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• 2007
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